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[
1
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.
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].
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r
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[
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In
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
K
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M
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IK
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T
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c
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Co
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put
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Con
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V
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18
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2
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A
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020:
977
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9
84
978
m
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hr
e
e
-
l
e
ve
l
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
i
s
a
b
l
e
t
o
re
duc
e
t
he
gr
a
d
i
e
n
t
vol
t
a
g
e
a
nd
i
m
pro
ve
ou
t
pu
t
w
a
ve
fo
rm
qua
l
i
t
y
b
e
c
a
us
e
o
f
i
t
s
l
e
s
s
w
a
v
e
for
m
d
i
s
t
ort
i
on
[
21
,
2
2
]
.
I
n
a
t
hr
e
e
-
l
e
ve
l
di
ode
c
l
a
m
pe
d
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
a
s
de
pi
c
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1
,
four
c
ont
ro
l
l
e
d
pow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
pl
us
t
w
o
pow
e
r
di
o
de
s
a
r
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
ry
t
o
c
ons
t
ru
c
t
t
he
pow
e
r
c
i
rc
ui
t
s
[2
3
-
30
].
T
h
e
c
on
t
rol
l
e
d
pow
e
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
ne
e
d
four
ga
t
e
dri
v
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
w
i
t
h
i
ndi
v
i
du
a
l
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
pow
e
r
s
uppl
y.
T
he
pow
e
r
di
o
de
s
i
n
t
hi
s
c
i
r
c
ui
t
w
i
l
l
c
a
us
e
m
o
re
pow
e
r
l
os
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
re
f
ore
,
c
i
r
c
ui
t
c
om
pl
e
xi
t
y
a
nd
pow
e
r
e
f
fi
c
i
e
nc
y
a
r
e
p
robl
e
m
s
t
h
a
t
m
us
t
be
a
dd
re
s
s
e
d
i
n
d
e
ve
l
opi
ng
a
n
e
w
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
ci
r
c
ui
t
s
.
In
a
ddi
t
i
on
,
i
n
a
m
od
e
rn
pow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
,
a
re
a
l
t
i
m
e
m
on
i
t
or
i
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
of
i
nve
rt
e
r
i
s
a
n
i
m
por
t
a
nt
a
s
pe
c
t
t
o
e
ns
ur
e
t
h
e
i
nve
rt
e
r
w
or
ks
w
e
l
l
a
s
re
q
ui
r
e
d
[
31
-
3
3
]
.
It
i
s
a
l
s
o
n
e
e
d
e
d
t
o
pre
ve
n
t
t
he
i
nve
r
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
from
fa
u
l
t
t
ha
t
w
i
l
l
di
s
t
urb
e
t
he
pow
e
r
s
u
ppl
y
t
o
t
he
l
oa
d
[
3
4
-
3
6
]
.
A
s
a
re
s
u
l
t
,
t
he
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
l
l
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
.
T
hi
s
p
a
p
e
r
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
nd
d
i
s
c
us
s
e
s
a
d
i
ff
e
re
n
t
c
i
r
c
ui
t
o
f
t
hr
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
ne
u
t
r
a
l
poi
n
t
s
hor
t
e
d
(N
P
S
)
i
nve
r
t
e
r
.
T
he
c
i
rc
u
i
t
i
s
a
b
l
e
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
t
hr
e
e
-
l
e
ve
l
vol
t
a
ge
w
a
ve
t
o
t
he
l
oa
d
w
i
t
h
l
e
s
s
nu
m
b
e
r
of
c
on
t
rol
l
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
,
s
i
m
pl
e
r
dri
v
i
ng
c
i
rc
u
i
t
s
,
a
nd
t
h
e
i
r
pow
e
r
s
uppl
i
e
s
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
he
de
s
i
gn
of
t
h
e
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
i
s
s
how
n
a
nd
di
s
c
us
s
e
d.
M
ore
ove
r
,
a
l
a
bor
a
t
ory
pr
ot
o
t
ype
of
t
hre
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
N
P
S
i
nve
rt
e
r
e
qui
p
pe
d
w
i
t
h
onl
i
n
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
re
m
o
ni
t
ori
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
by
us
i
n
g
i
nt
e
rn
e
t
of
t
hi
ngs
w
a
s
c
ons
t
ru
c
t
e
d
a
nd
t
e
s
t
e
d
i
n
l
a
bora
t
ory
.
Q
2
L
o
a
d
Q
1
Q
3
Q
4
V
V
+
-
+
-
L
f
F
i
gure
1
.
T
hr
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
di
ode
c
l
a
m
p
e
d
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
[
22
-
29]
2.
P
R
O
P
O
S
ED
I
N
V
ER
TER
C
I
R
C
U
I
TS
2.
1
.
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
on
fi
gu
r
ati
on
F
i
gure
2
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
he
propos
e
d
c
i
r
c
ui
t
of
t
h
re
e
-
l
e
ve
l
N
P
S
i
nv
e
rt
e
r.
It
i
s
c
om
pos
e
d
by
t
hr
e
e
c
on
t
rol
l
e
d
pow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
,
fo
ur
di
o
de
s
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
dc
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
ourc
e
s
,
V
DC
.
T
he
IG
B
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
3
a
nd
t
he
four
d
i
ode
s
form
e
d
a
b
i
d
i
re
c
t
i
ona
l
p
ow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
.
I
t
c
a
n
b
l
oc
k
vo
l
t
a
ge
i
n
t
w
o
di
re
c
t
i
ons
,
a
nd
i
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
ondu
c
t
c
urre
nt
i
n
t
w
o
w
a
ys
.
T
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
de
m
a
nds
t
hr
e
e
g
a
t
e
dri
v
e
c
i
rc
u
i
t
s
,
a
nd
t
hre
e
a
s
s
oc
i
a
t
e
d
i
ns
ul
a
t
e
d
ga
t
e
dr
i
ve
pow
e
r
s
u
ppl
i
e
s
,
on
l
y
.
I
t
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
t
hr
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
di
ode
c
l
a
m
p
e
d
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
of
F
i
gur
e
1
.
T
he
op
e
ra
t
i
o
n
p
ri
n
c
i
p
l
e
of
c
i
rc
ui
t
i
s
d
i
s
c
ri
be
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
a
nd
F
i
g
ure
3
.
I
t
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
a
t
hre
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
vol
t
a
ge
w
a
v
e
for
m
a
s
a
m
od
i
fi
e
d
s
i
ne
w
a
v
e
for
m
,
i
.
e
.
+
V
,
0
a
nd
–
V
vo
l
t
a
ge
l
e
ve
l
s
.
P
os
i
t
i
ve
l
e
v
e
l
vol
t
a
ge
+
V
i
s
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d
by
O
N
s
t
a
t
e
of
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
1
a
nd
Q
3.
W
hi
l
e
t
h
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
ve
l
e
ve
l
vo
l
t
a
ge
i
s
produ
c
e
d
w
he
n
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
2
a
nd
Q
3
a
nd
a
r
e
t
urne
d
O
N
.
T
he
0
l
e
v
e
l
vol
t
a
g
e
i
s
pro
du
c
e
d
i
f
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
3
i
s
t
urn
e
d
O
N
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
Q
1
a
nd
Q
2
a
re
a
t
O
F
F
s
t
a
t
e
.
P
ow
e
r
d
i
od
e
s
w
i
l
l
c
on
duc
t
c
ur
re
n
t
i
f
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
3
i
s
a
t
O
N
c
on
di
t
i
on
.
T
h
e
m
ore
d
e
t
a
i
l
ope
ra
t
i
on
of
i
n
ve
r
t
e
r
i
s
pre
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
F
i
gure
4.
T
he
p
ow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
Q
3
c
ond
uc
t
s
c
urr
e
nt
f
or
0
out
put
v
ol
t
a
g
e
ope
ra
t
i
on,
on
l
y.
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
ng
op
e
ra
t
i
on
Q1
Q2
Q3
O
u
t
p
u
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
ON
O
F
F
O
F
F
+V
O
F
F
ON
O
F
F
-
V
O
F
F
O
F
F
ON
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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a
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s
i
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a
l
Q
2
G
a
t
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s
i
g
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a
l
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3
F
i
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2
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P
rop
os
e
d
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
c
i
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u
i
t
s
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i
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3
.
O
p
e
ra
t
i
o
n
m
od
e
s
of
prop
os
e
d
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
(a
)
(b)
(c
)
F
i
gure
4
.
L
oa
d
c
urr
e
nt
pa
t
hs
of
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
:
(a
)
+V
vo
l
t
a
ge
,
(b)
0
V
v
ol
t
a
g
e
,
(c
)
–
V
vo
l
t
a
ge
2.
2
.
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e
s
i
gn
an
d
mate
r
i
al
s
o
f
i
n
ve
r
te
r
p
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e
A
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t
ot
ype
of
propos
e
d
i
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e
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r
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t
s
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s
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d
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o
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e
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e
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n
t
he
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e
d
s
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e
w
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ra
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o
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ra
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e
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ro
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s
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BT
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t
e
m
pe
r
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t
ur
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o
m
a
ke
d
i
s
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y
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ys
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a
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CD
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i
qu
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d
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rys
t
a
l
d
i
s
pl
a
y)
i
s
a
ppl
i
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
K
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Co
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put
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18
,
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2
,
A
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020:
977
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9
84
980
F
i
gure
5
.
D
e
s
i
gn
of
dri
v
i
ng
c
i
rc
ui
t
s
2.
3
.
H
a
r
d
w
ar
e
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
tati
on
T
he
pr
ot
o
t
ype
of
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nv
e
rt
e
r
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t
h
o
nl
i
ne
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e
m
pe
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t
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re
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oni
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ng
s
ys
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a
s
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e
t
up
i
n
l
a
bor
a
t
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ry.
T
he
ga
t
e
dr
i
ve
s
i
gn
a
l
g
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ne
r
a
t
o
r
of
IG
B
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
s
i
m
a
g
e
d
i
n
F
i
gu
re
6
(a
).
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h
i
l
e
t
he
g
a
t
e
dr
i
v
e
c
i
r
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ui
t
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
op
t
oc
o
upl
e
r
T
L
P
25
0
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
6
(b)
.
T
hre
e
op
t
o
-
c
oup
l
e
rs
w
i
t
h
t
hr
e
e
i
ns
u
l
a
t
e
d
ga
t
e
dri
ve
pow
e
r
s
up
pl
i
e
s
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
t
o
dr
i
ve
t
hr
e
e
IG
B
T
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
.
W
hi
l
e
F
i
gure
7
s
how
s
c
onf
i
gur
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
d
e
ve
l
op
e
d
on
l
i
n
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
t
ori
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
ov
e
ra
l
l
pro
t
ot
ype
o
f
i
nv
e
rt
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
di
s
pl
a
y
e
d
i
n
F
i
gure
8
i
n
c
l
udi
ng
t
h
e
pow
e
r
i
nve
rt
e
r
c
i
rc
ui
t
s
bui
l
d
us
i
n
g
IG
BT
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
a
nd
p
ow
e
r
t
ra
ns
form
e
r
.
T
hi
s
t
ra
ns
for
m
e
r
i
s
e
m
p
l
oy
e
d
t
o
ga
i
n
hi
gh
e
r
out
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ut
vol
t
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ge
of
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nv
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t
s
t
o
m
e
e
t
t
he
l
o
a
d
re
q
ui
r
e
m
e
nt
.
(a
)
(b)
F
i
gure
6
.
(
a
)
G
a
t
i
ng
s
i
gn
a
l
ge
ne
r
a
t
or
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
;
(b)
G
a
t
e
dri
v
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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981
F
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of
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O
v
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ra
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r
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3.
TES
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Com
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h
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l
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t
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e
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h
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k
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t
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pow
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t
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h
IG
BT
s
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ra
t
e
“
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”
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r
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
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A
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c
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ra
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s
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rl
y.
F
i
gure
9
.
O
u
t
put
vo
l
t
a
ge
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nd
l
o
a
d
c
urr
e
nt
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v
e
for
m
s
(a
)
(b)
(c
)
F
i
gure
10
.
G
a
t
i
ng
s
i
gn
a
l
s
of
i
nv
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r’s
s
w
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t
c
h
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s
:
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)
g
a
t
i
ng
s
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gna
l
Q
1
,
(b)
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a
t
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s
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gn
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l
Q
2
,
(c
)
g
a
t
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gn
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l
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3
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)
(b)
(c
)
F
i
gure
1
1
.
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u
t
pu
t
s
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gna
l
s
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g
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t
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v
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r
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ui
t
s
T
L
P
25
0
:
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)
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t
i
ng
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i
gn
a
l
of
Q
1
,
(b)
g
a
t
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s
i
gn
a
l
of
Q
2
,
(c
)
g
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t
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gn
a
l
of
Q
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
K
O
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N
IK
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e
l
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c
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(Sur
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983
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i
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1
2
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u
t
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t
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3
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4.
C
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s
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R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
D
.
R
u
i
z
-
C
a
b
a
l
l
e
r
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
a
s
c
a
de
d
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
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c
a
l
hyb
r
i
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m
u
l
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l
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ve
l
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-
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C
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on
ve
r
t
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E
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E
E
ne
r
gy
C
onv
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r
s
i
o
n
C
ongr
e
s
s
an
d
E
x
po
s
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t
i
on
(
E
C
C
E
)
,
p
p.
40
12
-
4019
,
201
0
.
[
2]
M
.
M
a
l
i
now
s
k
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
u
r
ve
y
on
c
a
s
c
a
de
d
m
ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
i
n
ve
r
t
e
r
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
ns
o
n
I
nd
us
t
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
vol
.
57
,
n
o.
7
,
pp.
2
197
-
220
6
,
J
ul
20
10
.
[
3]
R
.
S
.
A
l
i
s
h
a
h
a
nd
S
.
H
.
H
o
s
s
e
i
n
i
,
“
A
n
e
w
m
ul
t
i
l
e
ve
l
i
n
ve
r
t
e
r
s
t
r
u
c
t
ur
e
f
o
r
h
i
gh
-
pow
e
r
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
u
s
i
n
g
m
u
l
t
i
-
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
P
W
M
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
,”
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
ou
r
na
l
of
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
an
d
D
r
i
v
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
D
S)
,
vol
.
6
,
no
.
2
,
p
p.
31
8
-
3
25
,
J
un
201
5
.
[
4]
S
ur
o
s
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
vo
l
t
a
ge
-
s
our
c
e
pow
e
r
i
n
ve
r
t
e
r
w
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t
h
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
ba
s
e
d
S
P
W
M
f
or
o
pe
n
-
e
n
d
c
onn
e
c
t
i
o
n
l
oa
d
s
,”
E
ne
r
gi
e
s
,
vo
l
.
12
,
no
.
17
,
p
p.
1
-
14
,
2019
.
[
5]
S
.
B
.
K
j
a
e
r
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
e
vi
e
w
o
f
s
i
ng
l
e
-
ph
a
s
e
g
r
i
d
-
c
onn
e
c
t
e
d
i
nve
r
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
pho
t
ov
ol
t
a
i
c
m
odu
l
e
s
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
ons
on
I
ndu
s
t
r
i
a
l
A
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
vo
l
.
41
,
n
o.
5
,
pp.
1
292
-
130
6
,
200
5
.
[
6]
J
.
M
.
C
a
r
r
a
s
c
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
ow
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r
-
e
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
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ys
t
e
m
s
f
o
r
t
he
g
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i
d
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on
o
f
r
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n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
ne
r
gy
s
ou
r
c
e
s
:
a
s
u
r
ve
y
,”
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E
E
E
T
r
an
s
a
c
t
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on
s
o
n
I
nd
us
t
r
i
al
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
vo
l
.
53
,
no
.
4
,
pp
.
100
2
-
10
16
,
J
un
200
6
.
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ol
.
18
,
N
o.
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pri
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2
020:
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[
7]
S
ur
o
s
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
b
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e
r
y
-
l
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s
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gr
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d
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on
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ph
ot
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vol
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ve
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t
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,”
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nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
J
our
na
l
of
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
and
D
r
i
v
e
S
y
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
D
S)
,
vo
l
.
4
,
no
.
4
,
pp.
47
4
-
4
80
,
D
e
c
e
m
be
r
201
4
.
[
8]
G
.
W
a
l
t
r
i
c
h
a
nd
I
.
B
a
r
bi
,
“
T
h
r
e
e
-
p
ha
s
e
c
a
s
c
a
de
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m
u
l
t
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l
e
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i
nve
r
t
e
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us
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ng
pow
e
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c
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l
l
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t
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t
w
o
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nve
r
t
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r
l
e
g
s
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n
s
e
r
i
e
s
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
on
s
on
I
n
dus
t
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
vo
l
.
57
,
no
.
8
,
pp
.
2605
-
26
12
,
A
u
g
us
t
2010
.
[
9]
K
.
C
r
o
r
z
i
n
e
a
n
d
Y
.
F
a
m
i
l
i
a
n
t
,
“
A
n
e
w
c
a
s
c
a
de
d
m
ul
t
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l
e
v
e
l
H
-
br
i
d
ge
D
r
i
ve
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
t
i
ons
on
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
,
vo
l
.
17
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
125
-
13
1
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
20
02
.
[
10]
S
ur
o
s
o
a
nd
T
.
N
o
guc
hi
,
“
C
om
m
on
-
e
m
i
t
t
e
r
t
op
ol
ogy
of
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
c
ur
r
e
n
t
-
s
ou
r
c
e
pu
l
s
e
w
i
dt
h
m
odu
l
a
t
i
on
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
c
hopp
e
r
-
ba
s
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d
D
C
c
u
r
r
e
nt
s
our
c
e
s
,”
I
E
T
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
v
ol
.
4
,
no
.
7
,
pp
.
759
-
76
6
,
A
ug
us
t
2
011
.
[
11]
T
.
N
o
guc
h
i
a
nd
S
ur
os
o
,
“
N
e
w
t
op
ol
o
gi
e
s
of
m
ul
t
i
-
l
e
ve
l
pow
e
r
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
us
e
of
ne
xt
-
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
l
t
r
a
hi
gh
-
s
pe
e
d
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
ng
de
vi
c
e
s
,”
2
009
I
E
E
E
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
onv
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r
s
i
o
n
C
o
ngr
e
s
s
&
E
x
po
s
i
t
i
on
,
p
p.
1
968
-
197
5
,
20
09
.
[
12]
J
.
R
od
i
gue
z
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
nve
r
t
e
r
:
a
s
ur
ve
y
o
f
t
opo
l
o
gi
e
s
,
c
o
nt
r
ol
s
,
a
n
d
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
t
i
on
s
o
n
I
ndu
s
t
r
i
al
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
v
ol
.
49
,
no.
4
,
pp
.
724
-
738
,
A
ug
u
s
t
20
02
.
[
13]
S
ur
o
s
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
r
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
c
o
m
m
on
-
e
m
i
t
t
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r
c
ur
r
e
n
t
-
s
ou
r
c
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p
ow
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r
i
n
ve
r
t
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r
w
i
t
h
s
i
m
pl
i
f
i
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d
dc
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
ou
r
c
e
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
on
,”
J
ou
r
na
l
of
E
ng
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng
S
c
i
e
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hno
l
og
y
,
vo
l
.
13
,
no
.
1
2,
p
p.
40
27
-
4038
,
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e
c
e
m
be
r
2
018
.
[
14]
S
ur
o
s
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
i
ve
-
l
e
ve
l
P
W
M
i
nve
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
s
i
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gl
e
D
C
p
ow
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r
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o
ur
c
e
f
o
r
D
C
-
A
C
pow
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r
c
on
ve
r
s
i
on
,”
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
J
o
ur
n
al
o
f
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
an
d
D
r
i
v
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
I
J
P
E
D
S)
,
v
ol
.
8
,
no
.
3
,
p
p.
12
12
-
12
19
,
S
e
p
.
201
7
.
[
15]
G
.
C
e
gl
i
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
ve
l
i
nve
r
t
e
r
t
opo
l
ogy
f
or
D
C
-
A
C
c
on
ve
r
s
i
on
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
ac
t
i
ons
o
n
P
ow
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
s
,
v
ol
.
21
,
no.
5
,
pp
.
1311
-
13
19
,
S
e
p
t
e
m
be
r
2006
.
[
16]
S
ur
o
s
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
i
m
pl
i
f
i
e
d
f
i
ve
-
l
e
v
e
l
v
ol
t
a
g
e
s
our
c
e
i
nve
r
t
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r
w
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l
-
ph
a
s
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-
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hi
f
t
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d
c
a
r
r
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r
s
ba
s
e
d
m
o
du
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
,”
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n
done
s
i
an
J
our
na
l
o
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l
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t
r
i
c
al
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ng
i
ne
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r
i
n
g
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
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e
nc
e
,
vo
l
.
13
,
n
o.
2
,
pp
.
4
61
-
468
,
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
2019
.
[
17]
E
.
B
a
ba
e
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
i
ng
l
e
-
pha
s
e
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a
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c
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de
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ul
t
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l
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ve
l
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nv
e
r
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ba
s
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on
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ne
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s
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c
un
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t
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t
h
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e
duc
e
d
nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
pow
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
he
s
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
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l
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,
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.
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.
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-
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r
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y
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15
.
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18]
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ni
c
s
,
v
ol
.
23
,
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6
,
pp
.
2657
-
26
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,
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o
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m
be
r
200
8
.
[
19]
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ur
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a
l
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nd
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o
nt
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o
l
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.
12
,
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.
3
,
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.
557
-
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e
p
.
20
14
.
[
20]
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.
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ho
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r
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l
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nove
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ul
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on
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l
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1
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p.
56
-
62
,
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u
n
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201
4
.
[
21]
A
.
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ud
e
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m
a
n
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t
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ons
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ni
c
s
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ol
.
62
,
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o.
3
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pp
.
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-
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5
1
,
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a
r
ch
2015
.
[
22]
Y
.
L
i
u,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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l
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od
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on
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r
an
s
ac
t
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ons
o
n
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ndu
s
t
r
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al
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l
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t
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oni
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s
,
vol
.
56
,
no.
2
,
pp.
2
85
-
293
,
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
200
9
.
[
23]
J
.
R
odr
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gu
e
z
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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on
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s
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vol
.
57
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n
o.
7
,
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2
219
-
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0
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ul
y
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010
.
[
24]
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.
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t
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l
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pp
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.
IA
-
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5
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5
18
-
523
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e
r
198
1
.
[
25]
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.
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ua
n
a
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.
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a
r
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unda
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ode
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ul
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E
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l
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c
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r
oni
c
s
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l
.
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no
.
4
,
pp
.
711
-
71
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ul
y
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000
.
[
26]
L
.
Z
ho
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e
t
a
l
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,
“
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r
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E
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r
gy
C
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ong
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C
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E
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p
p.
44
2
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4
49
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015
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[
27]
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.
M
a
s
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s
i
,
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a
l
.
,
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t
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r
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pp
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c
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o
ns
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vol
.
51
,
no
.
6
,
pp.
45
31
-
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,
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5
.
[
28]
L
.
Z
ha
ng
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
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f
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m
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l
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o
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l
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c
s
,
v
ol
.
28
,
n
o.
2
,
pp.
73
0
-
7
39
,
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e
b
r
ua
r
y
2013
.
[
29]
G
.
Y
u
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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th
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ona
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n
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r
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s
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I
H
M
SC
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,
pp.
3
1
-
3
4
,
201
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.
[
30]
Y
.
Y
a
ng
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
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n
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t
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E
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s
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t
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ons
on
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r
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al
I
nf
o
r
m
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t
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c
s
,
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l
.
15
,
n
o.
3
,
pp
.
1
298
-
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0
,
M
a
r
c
h
20
19
.
[
31]
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.
M
.
M
o
r
e
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o
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G
a
r
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i
a
,
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t
a
l
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t
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pl
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nt
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e
n
s
or
s
,
vol
.
16,
n
o.
6
,
pp.
1
-
25
,
M
a
y
201
6
.
[
32]
I
.
M
.
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o
r
e
n
o
-
G
a
r
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a
,
e
t
a
l
.
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1
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[
33]
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.
S
ha
r
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f
f
,
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l
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l
.
42
,
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p
p.
17
30
-
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b
r
ua
r
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.
[
34]
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.
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n
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,
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n
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l
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y
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vol
.
66
,
pp.
99
-
11
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u
n
e
201
4
.
[
35]
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.
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ha
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l
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duc
t
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on
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us
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l
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4
,
no
.
1
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p
p.
10
-
17
,
M
a
y
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.
[
36]
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.
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.
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.
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l
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s
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v
ol
.
34
,
no.
5
,
pp
.
4747
-
47
64
,
M
a
y
20
19
.
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