TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.12, No
.3, Septembe
r 2014, pp. 5
19~524
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v12i3.93
519
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 2
3
, 2014;
Re
vised July
15, 2014; Accepted July 3
0
,
2014
Wireless Power Transfer by Using Solar Energy
M. Fareq
1
, M. Fitra
2
, M. Ir
w
a
nto
3
, Sy
afruddin. HS
4
, N. Gomesh
5
,
M. Roz
a
ilan
6
, M. Arinal
7
,
Y.M. Ir
w
a
n
8
, J. Zarinatul
9
Centre of E
x
ce
llent for Re
ne
w
abl
e Ener
g
y
(C
ER
E), School
of Electrical S
ystem Engin
eeri
ng,
Univers
i
ti Mal
a
ysi
a
Perlis
e-mail :
1
mfa
r
e
q
@
un
i
m
ap
.e
du.my
,
2
mhdfitra@gmail.com,
3
ir
w
a
nto@
un
ima
p
.edu.m
y
,
4
s
y
afrud
d
i
n
@u
nima
p.edu.m
y
,
5
gomesh@
uni
map.ed
u.m
y
,
6
rozail
an
@un
i
m
ap.ed
u.m
y
,
7
arinal
@u
nima
p.edu.m
y
,
8
ir
w
a
n
y
us
off@uni
map.ed
u.m
y
,
9
za
ri
na
tu
l
j
a
m
a
liy
ah
@g
ma
il
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is pr
oject
is
base
d
o
n
how
to trans
mit
ele
c
trical p
o
w
e
r w
i
thout
any
w
i
re
s, w
i
th a s
m
a
l
e
scal
e
b
y
usin
g so
lar
en
ergy. T
he
pow
er is tra
n
sferre
d w
i
reless
ly
thr
oug
h a
n
i
n
d
u
ctive co
up
lin
g as
a a
n
ten
na. T
h
i
s
meth
od, w
e
n
o
lon
ger
nee
d c
o
mplic
ated w
i
t
h
the c
abl
e
p
a
ssing
arou
nd
u
s
, w
i
th w
i
reless electric
ity w
e
can
charg
e
an
d ma
ke w
i
reless e
l
e
c
tricity as a inp
u
t source to e
l
ectronic e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t such as
Han
dph
on
e, MP3
Player, ev
eryth
i
ng w
o
rks use
batteries s
ourc
e
or el
ectrical
w
i
ring. T
he ex
peri
m
e
n
ts hav
e be
en co
nd
uc
ted
and the w
i
rel
e
ss pow
er transfer can be tran
sfer energy
u
p
to 10 cm. w
i
th efficiency 0 - 10 cm ; 98.8
7
% -
40%.
Key
w
ords
:
wirele
ss p
o
wer, solar en
ergy, inductive co
upling
1. Introduc
tion
Previou
s
ly we al
ready
kno
w
the
net
wo
rk
con
n
e
c
tion
data
wirel
e
ssl
y
or m
o
re oft
en
calle
d
a wireless o
r
wifi, well at the mome
nt scienti
s
ts a
r
e
developin
g
a
Wirel
e
ss Ele
c
tri
c
ity netwo
rks
(Wi
rele
s
s
Electri
c
ity
)
.
The
ba
sic pri
n
cipl
e of
ho
w ele
c
trical e
n
e
rgy
can
be
t
r
an
sferred
wit
hout
wire
s is
related
to the phe
no
menon
of re
sonan
ce.
Re
sonan
ce i
s
a
n
obje
c
t pul
sat
e
process b
e
c
au
se th
ere
are
other obj
ect
s
that vibrate, this hap
pen
s
becau
se
an o
b
ject vibratin
g at the same freque
ncy with
the frequ
en
cy of affected o
b
ject
s.
Indu
ctive coupli
ng i
s
the resona
nt cou
p
ling b
e
twee
n the coil
s
of two
LC
circuits with
the
sa
me
re
son
ant fr
e
quen
cy, transfe
rri
n
g
en
ergy
fro
m
on
e
coil to
the
other [1]. However,
resonance co
upling wireless power tr
ansfer is still in its infancy, whose
theoreti
cs
an
d experim
ent
al analysi
s
a
r
e in lacks
, especi
a
lly for ef
ficien
cy analy
s
is.
Duri
ng th
e
wirel
e
ss p
o
w
er t
r
an
sfer pro
c
e
ss,
reso
nant
fre
q
uen
cy mayb
e ch
ang
e b
e
ca
use re
so
nant
indu
ctan
ce chang
es with obsta
cle
s
(such as
m
a
g
netic o
b
je
cts,
etc.), pa
ra
sitical p
a
ra
mete
rs,
impact
s
of re
ceiving lo
op, tempe
r
ature ri
sing in
circuit and so on [2].
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
Figure 1. Block di
agram wi
rele
ss p
o
we
r
transfe
r by using sol
a
r en
ergy
Sola
r
Energ
y
Wire
le
ss De
vic
e
/ Inver
t
er
Inductiv
e Coupling
(Transceiver)
Inductiv
e Coupling
(Rece
iver)
Recti
f
ier
Load
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ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 51
9 – 524
520
The expe
rim
ental setu
p of transceive
r
uni
t has b
e
en co
ndu
cte
d
. Energy transfe
r by
electroma
gne
tic indu
ction t
o
the re
ceive
r
is vi
a ind
u
ctive couplin
g. The voltage
sou
r
ces to th
e
transceive
r
were p
r
ovid
ed
by sola
r
cel
l
s. T
he i
ndu
ctive coupli
n
g
is u
s
ed
as
the anten
na
to
wirel
e
ss po
wer delive
r
ed
from the tran
smitting to
the input of a receiver. Receiver unit, the
b
r
id
ge
r
e
c
t
ifie
r
is
us
ed
c
o
nve
r
t AC
vo
ltag
e
to
produ
ces
DC voltag
e an
d p
r
od
uce DC
output.
A
cap
a
cito
r is in
clud
ed in the
circuit to act
as a filter to redu
ce rip
p
le
voltage [3].
Wirel
e
ss po
wer or
wirel
e
ss energy tra
n
smissi
on is th
e transmissio
n of electri
c
al
energy
from a power source to an
electri
c
al loa
d
wi
thout ma
n made co
nd
uctors. Wi
rel
e
ss tran
smission
usin
g sol
a
r e
nergy is
wirel
e
ss are in
co
n
v
eni
ent, no h
a
za
rdo
u
s, an
d gree
n tech
n
o
logy [4].
Figure 2. Experime
n
tal set
up and
colle
ct data
Figure 3. Inductive Co
upli
ng in this case
as the ante
nna of Wi
rele
ss Po
we
r Tra
n
sfer
A wirele
ss p
o
we
r tran
smi
tter emits a magneti
c
field with the he
lp of the coil with the
same frequ
en
cy emitted by wirel
e
ss po
wer re
ceiv
e
r
. In ord
e
r for o
p
t
imal impeda
nce, cable
re
els
use
d
on both
side
s.
Dis
t
ance
up to 10
cm
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Wirel
e
ss Po
wer Tran
sfer b
y
Using Sola
r Energ
y
(M. F
a
req
)
521
Cabl
e reel
s
also
serve
s
as th
e tra
n
sm
issi
on
gea
r bike. When
the tran
smi
ssion g
ear
uphill l
o
wered in order to get more
energy efficient, and vice versa.
Wireless power receiver
also
determi
ne
s its own voltag
e requi
re
d to fit. Thus,
the
function of the ada
pter is not requi
red.
In
addition, the wirel
e
ss po
wer tran
smitter also onl
y emits as mu
ch
energy as i
s
required by the
rec
e
iv
er.
These eq
uations a
pply for when the le
ngth of
the wire i
s
mu
ch
longer th
an
the wire
diamete
r
[5],
use thi
s
form
ula:
43
0.2
1
l
n
4
l
L
d
(1
)
Whe
r
e :
L = indu
ctan
ce (
μ
H)
l = length (m
m)
d = wire diam
eter (mm
)
3. Results a
nd Analy
s
is
An expe
rime
nt ha
s b
een
co
ndu
cted
to get th
e
WPT efficien
cy
. The t
r
an
smissi
on
indu
ctive
co
u
p
ling wa
s su
pply
from direct current
d
c
sou
r
ce. Th
e differe
nce i
n
the di
stan
ce
betwe
en tran
smitter an
d receive
r
are v
a
ried to obt
ai
n the optimu
m
distan
ce fo
r wirel
e
ss po
wer
transmissio
n.
Table 1. The
differen
c
e dat
a vs Solar DC output voltage an
d Fre
q
uen
cy
Distan
ce (c
m)
Solar Source
Volt
DC ou
tp
ut V
o
lta
g
e
(
V
o
l
t)
Frequ
e
nc
y
(MHz
)
Efficie
n
c
y
%
0 9
8.89
3.34
98.78
1 9
8.36
3.20
92.89
2 9
8.01
3.13
89.00
3 9
7.86
3.05
87.33
4 9
6.93
2.90
77.00
5 9
6.01
2.82
66.78
6 9
5.79
2.73
64.33
7 9
4.88
2.61
54.22
8 9
4.16
2.53
46.22
9 9
3.88
2.41
43.11
10 9
3.60
2.30
40.00
Table 1 sho
w
s
the
re
sult of
different dist
anc
es with th
e voltage va
ri
ed
when
the
distan
ce
is different. T
he DC input source was u
s
ed and the L
E
D use
d
as a
Load.
Figure 4
and
5 sho
w
s th
e
gra
ph that
h
a
s b
een
crea
ted. The
DC output volta
ge an
d
freque
ncy g
e
tting lowe
r as the distan
ce
are hig
her
.
From thi
s
gra
ph we
can
concl
ude that
the
wirel
e
ss po
wer tran
smi
ssi
on is hig
her
whe
n
the dist
ance is ne
are
r
.
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ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 51
9 – 524
522
Figure 4. Gra
ph of varied d
i
stan
ce
vs DC output voltage an
d freq
uen
cy
Figure 5. Gra
ph of wirel
e
ss powe
r
tran
sf
er efficien
cy and varie
d
di
stan
ce
98.78
92.89
89.00
87.33
77.00
66.78
64.33
54.22
46.22
43.11
40.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
02468
1
0
1
2
Efficiency
(%
)
Distance (cm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
2
4
6
8
10
2.
2
2.
4
2.
6
2.
8
3
3.
2
3.
4
3.
6
Di
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
c
m
)
V
a
r
i
ed
di
s
t
anc
e v
s
D
C
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
age
and
F
r
eq
uen
c
y
V
o
l
t
ag
e (
V
ol
t
)
F
r
e
quenc
y
(
M
Hz
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Wirel
e
ss Po
wer Tran
sfer b
y
Using Sola
r Energ
y
(M. F
a
req
)
523
To observe t
he exact wav
e
form of
an
electri
c
al
signal in thi
s
st
udy used oscilloscope.
Oscilloscopes are electronic meas
uri
ng instrument that serves
to project the form
of an
electri
c
al
sign
al that can be
seen a
nd stu
d
ied.
Figure 5. Wa
veform at Tra
n
sceiver
Figure 6. Wa
veform at Re
ceiver
From
Figu
re
5 an
d 6
wa
veform ha
s
measur
ed fro
m
the poi
nt
of indu
ctive
cou
p
ling
whi
c
h i
s
the
waveform is t
r
an
smitted a
n
d
re
ceived
as well a
s
sine
wave. And th
en the
sine
wave
is co
nverted t
o
DC
waveform for DC lo
a
d
by using re
ctifier.
4. Conclusio
n
From the ov
erall expe
rim
ent cond
ucte
d fr
om wirel
e
ss power transfe
r by usi
ng sola
r
energy b
e
lo
w
con
c
lu
sio
n
s
a
r
e
de
du
ce. Base o
n
experim
ental
re
sult, the
study o
n
wireless
power t
r
an
sf
er h
a
s mu
ch
aspe
ct in te
rms di
st
an
ce,
ran
ge
of fre
quen
cy a
nd
result sho
w
t
he
clo
s
er the di
stance, the voltage tr
an
sferred is hig
h
e
r
. From the ex
perim
ental re
sult in Table
1,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 51
9 – 524
524
distan
ce
of t
he n
earest
is the
mo
st
efficient
wirel
e
ss p
o
wer transfe
r, a
nd
wi
rele
ss po
we
r
transfe
r by
using solar en
ergy can
be
re
ach i
s
up to
1
0
cm
with 3.6
0
Volt. The hi
gh efficie
n
cy
i
s
at 0 cm with
98.78% and t
he lower effici
ency is at 10
cm with 40%.
Referen
ces
[1]
Sourabh
P
a
w
ade,
T
u
shar Nimje, Dipti Di
w
a
s
e
. Goodby
e Wires: A
pproach
to Wireless
Po
w
e
r
T
r
ansmission.
IJETAE
. 2012; 2(4).
[2]
W
enzhe
n F
u
,
Bo Z
h
a
ng, D
o
ng
yu
an Qi
u.
Study o
n
F
r
e
que
ncy-trackin
g
W
i
rel
e
ss Po
w
e
r T
r
ansfer
System by
Res
ona
nt Cou
p
l
i
ng
.
Colle
ge
of El
ectric Eng
i
ne
er
ing S
outh C
h
i
n
a Univ
ersit
y
of
T
e
chnolog
y
Guangz
ho
u, P. R. China. 51
0
641.
[3]
M. Fareq, M. Fitra.
Solar
W
i
reless P
o
w
e
r T
r
ansfer
U
s
ing In
ductiv
e
Cou
p
li
ng
for
Mobi
le P
h
o
n
e
Char
ger
. IEEE confere
n
ce Pu
blicati
ons. 2
0
1
4
: 473-4
76. Do
i: 10.110
9 /PEOCO.
[4] T.S.
Hasarmani.
Wireless P
o
wer Transmis
s
ion for S
o
lar
Power
Satell
ite. Dep
a
rtment
of Electrica
l
Engi
neer
in
g. Bharati Vi
d
y
a
p
e
e
th Univ
er
sit
y
’s
Colle
ge of En
gin
eeri
ng. 20
1
1
.
[5]
Rosa, Ed
w
a
rd
B.
T
he Self a
nd Mutu
al Ind
u
ctances
of Li
near C
o
n
ducto
rs.
Bulletin
of the Bur
eau
o
f
Standar
ds
. 190
8; 4(2): 301
–34
4. doi:10.
602
8/bull
e
tin.
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