T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
14
16
~
14
21
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
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KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
14901
1416
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C
e
ntr
a
l
Ka
li
manta
n
(
in
de
gr
e
e
)
N
o.
L
a
ti
tu
de
L
ongi
tu
de
N
o.
L
a
ti
tu
de
L
ongi
tu
de
1
-
1.293805
111.367690
2
0
-
2.304035
111.480299
2
-
1.336365
111.404768
21
-
2.184651
111.388289
3
-
1.389909
111.450087
22
-
2.142109
111.364943
4
-
1.409129
111.602522
23
-
2.022712
111.299025
5
-
1.451688
111.669814
24
-
1.970558
111.971059
6
-
1.4915
00
111.727492
25
-
1.938991
111.079299
7
-
1.543667
111.778304
26
-
1.970558
111.036726
8
-
1.583477
111.811263
27
-
1.938991
110.976302
9
-
1.615051
111.801649
2
8
-
1.845658
110.974928
10
-
1.672705
111.809889
2
9
-
1.790754
111.005141
11
-
1.749575
111.823622
30
-
1.750948
111.009261
12
-
1.807226
111.818129
31
-
1.709768
111.002394
1
3
-
1.903306
111.804396
32
-
1.680941
110.880171
14
-
1.960951
111.785170
33
-
1.628778
110.844466
15
-
2.007615
111.765944
34
-
1.550531
110.965315
16
-
2.122896
111.705519
35
-
1.512092
111.113631
17
-
2.15446
0
111.690413
36
-
1.440705
111.136977
18
-
2.187395
111.621748
37
-
1.388536
111.279799
19
-
2.24503
0
111.602522
38
-
1.339111
111.326491
T
a
ble
2.
Dis
tanc
e
be
twe
e
n
m
a
s
s
c
e
nter
a
nd
the
b
ou
nda
r
ies
of
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
(
in
km)
N
o.
D
is
ta
nc
e
t
o t
he
ma
s
s
c
e
nt
e
r
N
o.
D
is
ta
nc
e
t
o t
he
ma
s
s
c
e
nt
e
r
1
52.402713
20
60.011116
2
47.355091
2
1
46.687176
3
41.466425
2
2
42.339980
4
43.909102
2
3
31.878144
5
43.948800
2
4
64.832321
6
45.128909
2
5
43.117336
7
46.193590
2
6
48.926231
8
47.327061
2
7
53.606767
9
44.965439
2
8
50.955824
10
43.930447
2
9
46.883353
11
44.308297
3
0
46.355620
1
2
43.926760
3
1
47.479124
1
3
44.861186
32
61.390135
14
45.536987
33
66.379881
15
46.457252
34
56.407064
16
50.431346
35
44.521624
17
52.255071
36
48.070865
18
51.638891
37
44.588690
19
56.701080
38
48.272852
F
igur
e
1
s
hows
that
the
a
r
e
a
o
f
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y,
the
mas
s
c
e
nter
P
a
nd
the
a
r
e
a
the
c
ir
c
le
that
is
the
a
ppr
o
xim
a
ti
on
of
a
r
e
a
the
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
ba
s
e
d
on
the
da
ta
in
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
point
s
on
the
c
ir
c
le
a
r
e
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
c
e
nter
o
f
the
c
ir
c
le
i.
e
.
P
(
-
1.
764
110,
111
.
425670)
with
the
dis
tanc
e
a
s
f
a
r
a
s
r
=
4
8.
564436
km
with
the
a
z
im
uth
a
ngle
1
with
the
f
oll
owing
s
teps
.
B
y
us
ing
the
ge
os
phe
r
e
pr
ogr
a
m
pa
c
ka
ge
a
nd
with
the
ge
ode
s
ic
c
omm
a
nd,
if
given
the
c
oor
dinate
s
of
the
c
e
nter
point
mas
s
P
(
-
1.
764110,
111.
425670)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
14
16
-
14
21
1418
a
z
im
uth
0
de
gr
e
e
a
nd
dis
tanc
e
r
will
obtain
the
de
s
ir
e
d
c
oor
dinate
s
of
the
po
int
on
th
e
c
ir
c
le.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
if
the
a
z
im
uth
a
ngle
s
tar
ts
f
r
om
5
,
10
to
360
de
gr
e
e
s
s
o
that
the
point
s
with
ge
ogr
a
phic
c
oor
dinate
s
a
r
e
obtaine
d
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
(
-
1.
3326582,
111
.
463702)
,
(
-
1.
331582
,
111
.
501446)
up
to
(
-
1.
324911,
111
.
425670)
.
T
he
point
s
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
to
f
or
m
a
c
ir
c
le.
T
he
a
r
e
a
of
thi
s
c
i
r
c
le
c
a
n
be
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
ppr
oxim
a
ti
on
of
the
c
onc
e
r
n
a
r
e
a
.
T
his
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
is
done
s
o
that
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
is
done
quick
ly
if
it
is
c
ompar
e
d
to
other
methods
.
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
a
r
e
a
of
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
a
nd
the
c
ir
c
le
with
the
c
e
nter
P
a
nd
the
r
a
dius
whic
h
is
a
n
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
of
the
a
r
e
a
of
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
,
ba
s
e
d
on
T
a
ble
1
L
a
ti
tude
a
nd
longi
tude
c
oor
dinate
da
ta
f
r
om
r
e
ge
n
c
y/city
bounda
r
ies
in
C
e
ntr
a
l
Ka
li
manta
n
pr
ovince
obtaine
d
f
r
om
GA
DM
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
c
a
lcula
te
the
a
r
e
a
of
C
e
ntr
a
l
Ka
li
manta
n
pr
ovince
by
us
ing
the
c
ir
c
le
a
ppr
oa
c
h
method.
F
u
r
ther
mo
r
e
,
ba
s
e
d
on
latit
ude
a
nd
longi
tude
c
oor
dinate
da
ta
f
r
om
r
e
ge
nc
y
/
c
it
y
bo
un
da
r
ies
or
dis
tr
ict
or
s
ub
-
dis
tr
ict/vi
ll
a
ge
bounda
r
ies
,
the
a
r
e
a
of
e
a
c
h
r
e
gion
c
a
n
be
de
ter
mi
ne
d.
T
he
tot
a
l
a
r
e
a
of
the
pr
ovince
s
in
I
ndone
s
ia
whic
h
is
the
s
um
of
the
a
r
e
a
of
the
vil
lage
/
s
ub
-
dis
tr
icts
,
dis
tr
ict
a
r
e
a
or
r
e
ge
nc
y
/
c
it
y
a
r
e
a
.
F
inally,
the
land
a
r
e
a
of
I
nd
one
s
ia
is
the
s
um
o
f
the
land
a
r
e
a
o
f
e
a
c
h
pr
o
vince
in
I
ndone
s
ia.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
obtaine
d
a
r
e
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
land
a
r
e
a
obtaine
d
f
r
om
C
e
ntr
a
l
B
ur
e
a
u
of
S
tatis
ti
c
s
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
,
it
is
e
xplaine
d
a
bout
the
r
e
s
ult
s
obtaine
d
if
the
c
ir
c
le
a
ppr
oa
c
h
method
is
us
e
d
in
c
a
lcula
ti
ng
the
a
r
e
a
of
a
r
e
ge
nc
y
/
c
it
y
in
Ka
li
manta
n
T
e
nga
h
pr
ovince
.
F
ur
the
r
mor
e
,
the
method
wa
s
a
ls
o
us
e
d
in
c
a
lcula
ti
ng
the
ter
r
i
tor
y
o
f
the
I
ndone
s
ian
pr
ov
i
nc
e
s
.
C
ons
ider
ing
that
GA
DM
da
ta
s
ti
ll
doe
s
not
s
e
pa
r
a
te
the
pr
ovince
s
of
Ka
li
manta
n
T
im
u
r
a
nd
Ka
li
manta
n
Uta
r
a
,
thi
s
dis
c
us
s
ion
is
s
ti
ll
unit
e
d
with
the
na
me
of
the
pr
ovince
o
f
Ka
li
manta
n
T
im
u
r
s
o
t
ha
t
ther
e
a
r
e
on
ly
33
pr
ovince
s
in
I
ndone
s
ia.
I
f
the
polygon
metho
d
a
nd
the
c
ir
c
le
method
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
in
de
ter
m
ini
ng
the
a
r
e
a
of
the
r
e
ge
nc
y
/city
in
Ka
li
manta
n
T
e
nga
h
ba
s
e
d
on
the
GA
DM
da
taba
s
e
of
r
e
ge
nc
y/
c
it
y
bounda
r
ies
,
the
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
T
a
ble
3
.
T
he
pe
r
c
e
ntage
s
tate
s
the
a
bs
olut
e
d
if
f
e
r
e
nc
e
with
r
e
lative
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
.
Us
ing
the
c
i
r
c
le
a
ppr
oa
c
h
method,
B
a
r
it
o
S
e
lata
n
dis
tr
ict
r
e
s
ult
s
c
los
e
to
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
,
whic
h
is
only
0.
81
%
with
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
r
e
a
.
F
igur
e
2
pr
e
s
e
nts
that
the
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
wi
th
ge
ogr
a
phic
c
oor
dinate
s
o
f
the
bounda
r
ies
of
th
e
r
e
gion
wa
s
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
GA
DM
da
taba
s
e
,
the
mas
s
c
e
nter
of
the
ter
r
it
or
y
a
nd
the
c
ir
c
le
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
pr
oxim
a
ti
on
of
the
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
a
r
e
a
.
W
it
h
the
c
i
r
c
le
method
obtaine
d
the
a
r
e
a
of
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
is
4347
km
2
i
.
e
.
32.
23
%
les
s
than
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
.
T
a
ble
4
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
pr
ovince
s
in
I
ndone
s
ia
a
nd
their
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
obtaine
d
f
r
om
B
P
S
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
T
a
ble
4
a
ls
o
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
number
o
f
r
e
ge
nc
ies
/citi
e
s
,
the
number
of
d
is
tr
icts
a
nd
the
nu
mber
of
s
ub
-
dis
tr
icts
/vi
ll
a
ge
s
f
or
e
a
c
h
pr
ovince
in
I
ndone
s
ia.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
GA
D
M
da
taba
s
e
,
ther
e
a
r
e
a
tot
a
l
of
502
dis
tr
icts
/citi
e
s
th
r
oughout
I
ndone
s
ia
a
nd
the
tot
a
l
number
o
f
c
oo
r
dinate
po
int
s
to
li
m
it
the
d
is
tr
icts
or
c
it
ies
is
2,
571,
767
point
s
.
T
he
pr
ovince
s
wit
h
th
e
lea
s
t
number
of
r
e
ge
nc
ies
/citi
e
s
a
r
e
S
ulaw
e
s
i
B
a
r
a
t
a
nd
Da
e
r
a
h
I
s
ti
mew
a
Yogya
ka
r
ta
pr
ovince
s
e
a
c
h
with
5
r
e
ge
nc
ies
/citi
e
s
.
T
he
pr
ovince
s
with
the
mos
t
dis
tr
icts
a
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
e
a
c
alculati
on
bas
e
d
on
G
A
DM
ge
ogr
aphic
inf
o
r
mation
s
y
s
tem
databas
e
(
A
di
Se
ti
aw
an)
1419
the
pr
ovince
s
of
E
a
s
t
J
a
va
,
whic
h
a
r
e
3
8
r
e
ge
nc
i
e
s
/
c
it
ies
.
T
he
c
oor
dinate
of
the
s
malles
t
latit
ude
point
is
-
11.
007615
o
S
(
mos
t
S
outh)
,
while
the
c
oor
d
inate
s
of
the
lar
ge
s
t
latit
ude
point
a
r
e
6.
076
941
o
N
.
T
he
c
oor
d
inate
o
f
the
s
malles
t
longi
tude
is
95
.
00
9705
o
E
(
mos
t
W
e
s
t)
while
the
c
oor
dinate
s
o
f
th
e
lar
ge
s
t
longi
tude
point
a
r
e
141.
019394
o
E
(
mos
t
E
a
s
t)
.
T
a
ble
3.
R
e
s
ul
ts
of
c
a
lcula
ti
on
of
r
e
ge
nc
y/
c
it
y
a
r
e
a
(
in
k
m
2
)
in
Ka
li
manta
n
T
e
nga
h
b
a
s
e
d
on
d
is
tr
ict
b
ounda
r
y
d
a
ta
N
o.
R
e
ge
nc
y/
C
it
y
C
ir
c
le
M
e
th
od
%
1
B
a
r
it
o S
e
la
ta
n
8901.65
0.81
2
B
a
r
it
o T
im
ur
1699
.31
55.68
3
B
a
r
it
o U
ta
r
a
9324.
47
12.34
4
G
unung M
a
s
9519.58
11.90
5
K
a
pua
s
29839.86
98.95
6
K
a
ti
nga
n
43801
.91
150.30
7
K
ot
a
w
a
r
in
gi
n B
a
r
a
t
9445
.37
12.21
8
K
ot
a
w
a
r
in
gi
n T
im
ur
17225.65
2.56
9
L
a
ma
nda
u
4347
.21
32.22
10
M
ur
ung R
a
ya
19715
.34
16.81
11
P
a
la
ngka
r
a
ya
3051
.21
27.16
12
P
ul
a
ng P
is
a
u
16036.69
78.24
13
S
e
r
uya
n
36125
.05
120.22
14
S
uka
ma
r
a
3104
.00
18.89
F
igur
e
2
.
T
he
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
a
r
e
a
,
the
c
e
nter
of
the
c
i
r
c
le
P
,
whic
h
is
a
n
a
ppr
oxim
a
ti
on
of
a
r
e
a
of
the
L
a
manda
u
R
e
ge
nc
y
ba
s
e
d
on
ge
ogr
a
phic
c
o
or
dinate
s
of
the
bounda
r
y
r
e
gion
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
GA
DM
da
ta
ba
s
e
I
f
the
c
ir
c
le
method
de
s
c
r
ibed
a
bove
is
us
e
d
in
d
e
ter
mi
ning
the
a
r
e
a
of
e
a
c
h
pr
ovince
in
I
ndone
s
ia
ba
s
e
d
on
dis
tr
ict
bounda
r
y
da
ta,
the
r
e
s
ul
ts
obt
a
ined
a
s
in
T
a
ble
4
.
T
he
a
r
e
a
o
f
I
ndone
s
ia
obt
a
ined
by
the
c
ir
c
le
method
is
2
,
121,
745
.
74
km
2
(
10.
88
%
m
or
e
than
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
)
.
I
f
the
c
i
r
c
le
method
d
e
s
c
r
ibed
a
bove
is
us
e
d
in
de
ter
mi
ning
the
a
r
e
a
of
e
a
c
h
p
r
ovince
in
I
ndone
s
ia
ba
s
e
d
on
s
ubdis
tr
ict
bound
a
r
y
da
ta,
the
r
e
s
ult
is
1,
965,
443
.
51
km
2
,
whic
h
is
2.
53%
g
r
e
a
ter
than
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
.
I
n
the
s
a
me
wa
y
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
of
the
a
r
e
a
o
f
I
ndone
s
ia
c
a
n
a
l
s
o
be
obtaine
d
ba
s
e
d
on
v
il
lage
/
ke
lur
a
ha
n
bo
unda
r
ies
.
T
he
tot
a
l
a
r
e
a
of
I
ndone
s
ia
obtaine
d
by
the
c
i
r
c
le
method
is
2
,
463,
650
.
47
km
2
whic
h
is
28
.
75%
m
or
e
than
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
.
T
he
c
ir
c
le
method
gives
r
e
latively
poor
r
e
s
ult
s
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
polygon
method
pr
opos
e
d
by
Ka
r
ne
y.
How
e
ve
r
,
in
the
polygon
method
,
the
the
or
y
us
e
d
to
unde
r
s
tand
the
method
is
not
e
a
s
y
c
o
mpar
e
d
to
the
c
ir
c
le
method
a
s
s
hown
pa
pe
r
[
5]
.
L
ikew
is
e
,
t
he
c
ir
c
le
method
doe
s
not
a
lwa
ys
yield
good
r
e
s
ul
ts
,
whic
h
is
c
los
e
to
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
if
the
a
r
e
a
de
ter
mi
ne
d
is
is
land
ter
r
it
or
y,
while
the
da
ta
us
e
d
a
r
e
not
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
f
r
om
one
is
land
r
e
gion
to
a
nother
is
land
a
r
e
a
.
T
ha
t
a
ls
o
a
ppli
e
s
to
the
c
a
lcula
t
ion
o
f
the
a
r
e
a
if
us
ing
the
Ka
r
ne
y
polygon
method.
F
o
r
thi
s
r
e
a
s
on
it
is
a
ls
o
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
c
ompar
e
the
r
e
s
ult
s
obtaine
d
us
i
ng
other
methods
a
s
pr
opos
e
d
by
the
pa
pe
r
[
10
-
27]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
14
16
-
14
21
1420
T
a
b
l
e
4
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1.38
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
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A
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alculati
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bas
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d
on
G
A
DM
ge
ogr
aphic
inf
o
r
mation
s
y
s
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databas
e
(
A
di
Se
ti
aw
an)
1421
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
ha
ve
pr
e
s
e
nted
how
to
us
e
the
c
ir
c
le
a
ppr
oa
c
h
method
to
de
ter
mi
ne
the
land
a
r
e
a
o
f
I
ndone
s
ia
ba
s
e
d
on
the
bounda
r
ies
of
r
e
ge
nc
y/city
or
dis
tr
ict
or
vil
lage
/
s
ub
-
dis
tr
ict
f
r
om
the
GA
DM
da
taba
s
e
.
T
he
be
s
t
r
e
s
ult
s
obtaine
d
a
r
e
wh
e
n
us
e
d
the
bounda
r
ies
of
the
dis
tr
ict
is
1,
965,
443
.
51
km
2
whic
h
is
2.
53%
bigge
r
than
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
r
e
a
.
T
he
c
i
r
c
le
a
ppr
oa
c
h
method
c
a
n
a
ls
o
be
tes
ted
f
or
other
GA
DM
da
taba
s
e
s
,
na
mely
da
ta
on
r
e
gional
bounda
r
ies
in
o
ther
c
ountr
ies
.
AC
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