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Wi
re
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
h
a
v
e
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
i
n
term
s
o
f
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
it
y
a
s
we
ll
a
s
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
.
Trad
it
io
n
a
ll
y
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
in
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
a
re
e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
with
si
n
g
le
ra
d
io
,
b
u
t
th
e
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
a
re
lo
we
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
u
se
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
wire
l
e
ss
c
h
a
n
n
e
l.
In
o
rd
e
r
to
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
is,
t
h
e
re
c
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
a
re
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
u
l
ti
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
io
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
.
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
is
a
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
th
a
t
se
lec
ts
th
e
b
e
st
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
fo
r
a
n
o
d
e
o
r
to
t
h
e
e
n
ti
re
n
e
two
r
k
j
u
st
to
in
c
re
a
se
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
.
T
o
m
a
x
imiz
e
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
th
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
two
r
k
,
m
u
lt
ip
le
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
wit
h
m
u
lt
ip
le
r
a
d
io
s
we
re
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
th
e
se
n
e
two
rk
s.
I
n
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
sy
ste
m
,
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
a
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
to
imp
r
o
v
e
t
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t,
m
in
imis
e
d
e
lay
,
re
d
u
c
e
a
v
e
ra
g
e
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
c
re
a
se
th
e
re
sid
u
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
fo
r
m
u
lt
i
ra
d
io
m
u
lt
i
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s.
I
n
li
tera
tu
re
,
t
h
e
e
x
isti
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s
fa
il
t
o
c
o
n
sid
e
r
b
o
th
in
terflo
w
a
n
d
i
n
tra
fl
o
w
in
ter
fe
re
n
c
e
s.
Th
e
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
a
re
in
a
c
c
u
ra
te
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
e
stim
a
ti
o
n
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
h
e
a
v
y
tr
a
ffic
a
n
d
u
n
wa
n
ted
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
t
io
n
d
u
rin
g
lo
w
traffic
a
n
d
i
n
c
re
a
se
in
d
e
lay
.
In
o
rd
e
r
t
o
imp
ro
v
e
t
h
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
two
rk
d
istri
b
u
te
d
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
o
n
g
e
sti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(DO
CCA)
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
.
In
t
h
is
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
if
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
is
id
e
n
ti
fied
,
t
h
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
i
s
g
iv
e
n
t
o
p
re
v
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
.
Ac
c
o
rd
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
lev
e
l,
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
a
d
ju
s
ts
it
se
lf
to
m
in
imis
e
c
o
n
g
e
sti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
C
o
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
Mu
lti r
ad
io
Mu
lti
-
ch
an
n
el
Prio
r
ity
W
ir
eles
s
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
.
J
em
im
a
J
eb
aseeli
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
an
d
E
n
g
in
e
r
in
g
Kar
u
n
y
a
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
Scien
ce
Kar
u
n
y
a
Nag
a
r
,
C
o
im
b
ato
r
e,
T
am
il Na
d
u
6
4
1
1
1
4
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
jem
im
a_
jeb
a@
k
ar
u
n
y
a
.
ed
u
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Mu
ltip
le
r
ad
io
m
u
ltip
le
ch
a
n
n
el
W
MN
u
s
es
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
r
a
d
io
s
.
I
t
h
as
a
cr
o
s
s
-
lay
er
d
esig
n
.
Sch
ed
u
lin
g
is
d
o
n
e
in
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
,
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
d
ata
lin
k
lay
er
,
r
o
u
tin
g
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
lay
er
,
an
d
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
at
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
lay
er
.
T
o
a
d
m
it
a
f
lo
w,
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ac
k
ets
th
at
tr
av
el
in
a
p
ath
,
th
e
ch
an
n
el
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
l
in
k
,
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
ea
ch
lin
k
h
av
e
to
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
Fin
d
in
g
o
p
tim
u
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
n
o
t
f
e
asib
ly
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
wo
r
k
s
ar
e
in
d
esig
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
d
er
iv
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Gian
n
o
u
lis
et
a
l
.
[
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
co
n
g
esti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
ch
a
n
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
a
s
ed
o
n
cliq
u
e
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
-
r
ad
io
wir
eless
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
w
ir
eles
s
.
.
.
(
D
.
Ja
s
min
e
Da
vid
)
415
All
th
e
av
ailab
le
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
f
o
r
f
lo
w
an
d
all
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
cliq
u
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
N
in
g
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
in
lin
k
lay
er
s
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
lay
er
.
B
etwe
e
n
th
e
lin
k
s
,
f
air
n
ess
is
en
s
u
r
ed
an
d
h
ig
h
p
r
io
r
ity
i
s
g
iv
en
to
th
e
lin
k
s
with
lo
w
co
n
g
esti
o
n
an
d
lar
g
e
q
u
eu
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
g
iv
e
n
is
th
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
o
n
e
an
d
f
air
n
ess
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
lin
k
b
u
t
n
o
t
f
o
r
f
lo
ws.
I
n
m
u
lti
-
r
ad
io
m
u
lti
-
ch
a
n
n
el
wir
eless
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
(
MRMC
W
MN
)
,
th
e
co
n
g
est
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
r
eg
u
late
th
e
p
er
m
itted
r
ate
o
f
f
lo
ws
b
ased
o
n
th
e
av
ailab
le
d
ata
r
ate
o
f
th
e
lin
k
s
.
T
h
e
ag
g
r
eg
ate
f
lo
w
r
ate
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
lin
k
s
.
B
an
d
wid
th
av
ailab
ilit
y
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
SIN
R
.
SIN
R
is
b
ased
o
n
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
an
d
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
es.
T
h
e
lin
k
s
th
at
o
p
er
at
e
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
c
h
an
n
el
m
a
y
in
t
er
f
er
e
with
o
th
e
r
s
if
th
ey
a
r
e
v
er
y
n
ea
r
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
In
a
s
tatic
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
,
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
n
o
d
es
is
m
ain
tain
e
d
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
s
u
r
e
th
at
ev
e
r
y
n
o
d
e
s
h
ar
es
a
co
m
m
o
n
c
h
an
n
el
t
o
its
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
in
th
e
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
t
io
n
p
h
ase.
B
u
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
wh
ile
d
ec
id
in
g
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Du
e
to
th
is
,
n
etwo
r
k
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
r
p
a
r
titi
o
n
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
ath
len
g
th
m
ay
ar
is
e.
Ma
n
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
i
s
s
u
e
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
c
h
an
n
els
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
is
g
iv
en
in
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
.
C
en
tr
aliz
ed
tab
u
-
b
ased
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
(
C
T
A)
is
g
iv
en
b
y
Su
b
r
am
a
n
ian
et
a
l
.
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
aim
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
wh
ile
m
a
in
tain
in
g
th
e
n
o
d
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
ar
ti
cu
lated
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t
is
s
u
e
as
a
co
n
f
lict
g
r
a
p
h
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
is
m
en
tio
n
ed
as
‘
k’
n
et
wo
r
k
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
I
n
k
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
ev
e
r
y
n
o
d
e
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
with
o
n
ly
‘
k’
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
wi
ll
b
e
m
ain
tain
ed
in
all
th
e
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
af
te
r
ass
ig
n
in
g
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
to
o
.
T
h
e
m
er
it
o
f
C
T
A
is
g
iv
e
n
as
it
h
as
o
n
l
y
v
er
y
lo
w
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
th
e
d
em
e
r
it
is
,
it
f
ails
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
lin
k
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
air
o
f
n
o
d
es.
B
r
ea
d
th
f
ir
s
t
s
ea
r
ch
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
(
B
FS
-
CA
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Su
b
r
am
an
ian
et
a
l
.
[
4
]
to
m
in
im
i
z
e
ex
ter
n
al
an
d
in
ter
f
lo
w
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
in
m
u
ltip
le
r
ad
io
m
u
ltip
le
c
h
an
n
el
wir
eless
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
will
m
e
asu
r
e
th
e
ex
ter
n
a
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
b
y
th
e
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
m
o
d
e
p
e
r
io
d
ically
an
d
th
e
g
ath
er
e
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
C
AS)
[
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
ec
e
iv
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
C
AS
g
en
e
r
ates
th
e
mul
ti
-
r
a
d
io
co
n
f
lict
g
r
ap
h
(
MRC
G)
.
T
h
e
c
en
tr
al
s
er
v
er
ass
ig
n
s
a
ch
a
n
n
el
to
ev
er
y
m
esh
r
o
u
ter
s
b
y
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Dev
ar
e
et
al.
[
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
B
FS
-
C
A
ca
lled
Au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
(
ANRS
C
A)
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
r
ea
s
s
ig
n
s
th
e
f
ailed
lin
k
.
I
f
th
e
r
e
is
an
y
lin
k
f
ailu
r
e,
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
llected
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t
is
r
e
-
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
th
e
g
ate
way
u
s
in
g
B
FS
-
C
A.
Su
b
r
am
an
ian
et
al.
[
6
]
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
o
th
er
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
B
FS
-
C
A
as
R
ea
l
ity
C
h
ec
k
B
FS
-
C
A
(
R
C
-
B
F
S).
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
R
ev
ath
i
et
a
l
.
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
is
m
er
g
ed
with
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
m
o
d
el
in
r
ea
lity
c
h
ec
k
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
d
em
er
it
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
B
FS
-
C
A
is
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
m
eth
o
d
wh
ich
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
ex
ter
n
al
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
it
is
s
u
itab
le
o
n
ly
f
o
r
MR
-
MC
W
MN
in
w
h
ich
g
atew
ay
is
th
e
ce
n
t
r
e
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
s
witch
in
g
will
o
c
c
u
r
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
i
s
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
s
a
d
a
p
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
.
M
a
r
i
n
a
e
t
a
l
.
[
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
lled
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
w
in
ter
f
er
en
c
e
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
(
C
L
I
C
A)
to
id
en
tify
lo
w
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
De
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
lo
ad
an
d
d
is
tan
ce
to
t
h
e
g
atew
ay
,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
wil
l id
en
tify
th
e
d
ef
a
u
lt o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t.
T
an
g
et
a
l
.
[
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
u
r
v
i
v
ab
le
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
o
b
lem
(
I
NSTC)
an
d
it
is
‘
k’
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
lin
k
is
n
o
t
h
in
g
b
u
t
th
e
to
t
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
k
s
th
at
ar
e
av
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
at
p
a
r
ticu
lar
l
in
k
.
Mo
h
s
en
ian
R
ad
et
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
iMe
s
h
.
I
t
s
p
lits
th
e
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
to
two
p
h
ase
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
is
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
(
L
P)
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l
jo
i
n
tly
.
T
iMe
s
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
es
iter
ated
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
(
I
L
S)
to
s
ea
r
ch
th
e
s
u
b
-
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
f
in
d
s
th
e
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
t
o
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
n
o
d
e
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
in
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
c
ap
ac
ity
.
J
o
in
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l,
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
r
o
u
tin
g
(
J
T
C
R
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
h
e
n
et
al.
[
1
2
]
,
to
ex
p
lo
it
ch
an
n
el
d
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
s
p
atial
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
n
el
u
tili
za
tio
n
is
p
er
i
o
d
ically
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
I
f
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
f
in
d
s
th
at
th
e
c
h
an
n
e
l
is
o
v
er
lo
ad
e
d
,
it
f
in
d
s
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
co
n
d
itio
n
b
ased
o
n
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
ch
an
n
el
ai
r
ti
m
e
m
etr
ic
(
E
C
AT
M)
.
B
ased
o
n
p
o
wer
co
n
t
r
o
l
a
ce
n
tr
ali
z
ed
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
I
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
awa
r
e
c
h
an
n
e
l
allo
ca
tio
n
(
T
I
C
A)
s
ch
em
e
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
h
o
u
d
h
r
y
et
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
.
Her
e
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e
will
s
en
d
a
H
E
L
L
O
p
ac
k
et
t
o
c
o
llect
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
’
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
n
o
d
e
is
s
to
r
ed
in
p
o
wer
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
tab
le
(
PNT)
.
Dep
en
d
s
o
n
s
elec
t
x
less
th
an
X
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
g
atew
ay
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
tab
le
(
D
NT
)
,
th
en
it
f
in
d
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
in
im
u
m
p
o
wer
t
o
r
ea
ch
e
v
er
y
n
o
d
e.
Af
ter
t
h
e
p
o
wer
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
is
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
in
ter
f
lo
w
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
as
well
as
to
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
Dis
cr
ete
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
ch
a
n
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
(
DPSO
-
C
A)
s
ch
em
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
h
en
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
Fo
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
41
4
-
42
0
416
DPSO
-
C
A
u
s
es
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
s
ea
r
ch
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
ca
lled
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
itializes
th
e
p
ar
ticle
v
alu
e
th
at
is
g
en
u
in
e
f
o
r
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
an
d
also
s
atis
f
ies
th
e
r
ad
io
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
an
d
to
p
o
lo
g
y
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
ain
tain
s
a
s
in
g
le
lin
k
am
o
n
g
an
y
two
p
air
s
o
f
n
o
d
es
.
Du
e
to
th
is
,
s
o
m
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
ar
e
n
o
t
u
tili
ze
d
ef
f
icien
tly
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ass
u
m
es
th
at
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ea
ch
lin
k
as
co
n
s
tan
t,
h
en
ce
it is
n
o
t su
itab
le
f
o
r
a
d
y
n
am
ic
n
etwo
r
k
.
C
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
c
h
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
g
r
av
itatio
n
al
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
am
e
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
g
r
av
itatio
n
al
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
I
GSO)
to
f
in
d
a
s
o
lu
t
io
n
f
o
r
c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Do
r
ag
h
in
ejad
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
.
Her
e
th
e
to
tal
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
en
tire
in
ter
f
er
in
g
lin
k
.
Min
im
u
m
s
h
o
r
te
s
t
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
d
is
jo
in
t
p
ath
(
MSI
T
D)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
B
ao
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
to
f
in
d
a
k
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
C
lu
s
ter
b
ased
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
ch
a
n
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
(
C
o
m
T
ac
)
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Nav
ee
d
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
an
d
clu
s
ter
b
ased
ch
an
n
el
all
o
c
atio
n
(
C
B
C
A)
b
y
Ath
o
ta
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
,
20
-
2
5
]
,
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ag
g
r
eg
ated
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
an
d
m
ain
tain
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
an
d
c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
s
ar
e
th
e
two
p
h
ases
o
f
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
p
h
ase
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
.
No
d
es
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
as
a
c
lu
s
ter
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
h
o
p
co
u
n
t
f
r
o
m
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
.
T
h
en
th
e
lin
k
s
with
h
i
g
h
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
ar
e
r
em
o
v
ed
u
s
in
g
a
s
p
a
n
n
er
g
r
ap
h
f
o
r
ass
ig
n
in
g
ch
an
n
el
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
i
te
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
n
g
l
e
r
a
d
i
o
s
i
n
g
le
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
w
i
r
e
le
s
s
m
e
s
h
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
f
m
u
l
ti
p
l
e
r
a
d
i
o
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
is
u
s
ed
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
a
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
l
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
n
e
tw
o
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
i
t
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
h
a
v
e
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
te
d
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
g
o
r
it
h
m
(
D
O
C
C
A
)
u
s
es
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
i
n
te
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
MRMC
W
M
N
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wh
er
e
m
esh
r
o
u
ter
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
with
f
o
u
r
r
ad
io
s
an
d
all
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
es
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
a
ch
an
n
el
till
th
e
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t.
MR
MC
W
MN
i
s
tak
en
as
g
r
a
p
h
G
=
(
R
,
L
)
,
wh
er
e
R
is
th
e
m
esh
r
o
u
ter
s
et,
an
d
L
is
lin
k
s
et.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es i,
j
R
,
two
lin
k
s
will e
x
is
t (
i→j)
an
d
(
j→
i)
if
th
e
n
o
d
es
‘
i
’
an
d
‘
j’
ar
e
in
its
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
as
m
o
d
el
-
b
ased
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
.
I
n
m
o
d
el
-
b
ased
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
th
e
lin
k
m
ay
in
ter
f
er
e
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
i
n
its
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
an
g
e.
Gen
er
ally
,
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
e
p
ac
k
et
s
h
o
u
l
d
r
ea
ch
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
th
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
ac
k
et
s
h
o
u
ld
r
ea
ch
th
e
s
en
d
er
n
o
d
e.
4.
DO
CCA
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
g
esti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
(
DOCC
A)
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as si
x
p
h
ases
as f
o
llo
ws,
a.
Netwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
b.
Pric
e
b
ased
co
n
g
esti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
c.
Dec
o
u
p
lin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
d.
L
o
ca
l c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t
e.
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
f.
Op
tim
u
m
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
4
.
1
.
Neig
hb
o
ur
i
dentif
ica
t
io
n
No
d
e
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
io
d
ic
ally
s
en
d
s
HE
L
L
O
p
ac
k
ets
co
n
tain
its
n
o
d
e
I
D
th
r
o
u
g
h
its
all
ex
is
tin
g
r
ad
io
in
ter
f
ac
es.
All
n
o
d
es
with
in
its
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
will
r
ec
eiv
e
th
is
an
d
n
o
te
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
I
D,
th
e
lin
k
with
wh
ich
it
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
e
H
E
L
L
O
p
ac
k
ets
an
d
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
wh
ich
is
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
ter
f
ac
e.
W
ith
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
all
n
o
d
e
s
in
a
n
etwo
r
k
m
u
s
t
b
u
ild
a
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
tab
le.
Neig
h
b
o
u
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
d
ir
ec
tly
with
in
its
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
an
g
e.
Usi
n
g
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
p
h
ase
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
ca
n
id
en
tify
its
m
u
ltip
le
lin
k
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
.
4
.
2
.
P
rice
ba
s
ed
co
ng
estio
n
co
ntr
o
l
If
th
e
av
ailab
le
b
a
n
d
wid
th
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
ed
b
a
n
d
wid
th
f
lo
w
is
a
d
m
itted
.
On
ce
f
lo
w
is
ad
m
itted
,
lin
k
p
r
ice
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
c
h
ec
k
ed
.
I
f
th
e
lin
k
p
r
ice
is
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
at
eq
u
il
ib
r
iu
m
,
t
h
e
lin
k
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
co
n
g
esti
o
n
less
lin
k
an
d
th
e
f
lo
w
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
th
e
s
am
e
ch
an
n
el.
I
f
th
e
lin
k
p
r
ice
is
n
o
t
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
th
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
li
n
k
ca
n
b
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
cr
itic
al
lin
k
a
n
d
th
e
f
lo
w
n
ee
d
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
n
a
d
if
f
er
en
t lin
k
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
ch
an
n
el
r
ea
s
s
ig
n
m
en
t is n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
4
.
3
.
Dec
o
up
lin
g
a
pp
ro
a
ch
Dec
o
u
p
lin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as f
i
v
e
in
ter
lin
k
ed
s
tep
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
w
ir
eles
s
.
.
.
(
D
.
Ja
s
min
e
Da
vid
)
417
a.
C
h
an
n
el
u
tili
ty
b.
C
h
an
n
el
r
ate
ca
lcu
latio
n
c.
Fo
r
m
atio
n
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
m
at
r
ix
d.
L
in
k
s
elec
tio
n
e.
C
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
C
o
n
s
id
er
is
th
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
f
o
r
th
e
f
lo
w
‘
s
’
wh
er
e
∈
an
d
(
)
is
t
h
e
u
tili
ty
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
lo
ws.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
u
tili
ty
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
,
C
h
an
n
el
u
tili
ty
=
∑
(
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
m
atr
ix
is
∗
m
atr
ix
wh
er
e
,
=
{
1
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ
0
ℎ
I
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
a
r
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
lin
k
‘
’
m
ay
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
s
elf
-
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
if
,
=
1
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
lin
k
p
r
ice,
d
ata
r
ate,
an
d
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
all
th
e
n
o
d
es.
4
.
4
.
L
o
ca
l c
ha
nn
el
lin
k
a
s
s
ig
nm
ent
I
n
lo
ca
l
ch
an
n
el
lin
k
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
v
er
i
f
ies
th
e
lin
k
p
r
ice
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
f
lo
w
th
at
p
ass
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
o
d
e.
I
f
th
e
lin
k
p
r
ice
is
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
at
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
,
th
e
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
es th
at
th
e
lin
k
is
cr
it
ical
f
o
r
th
e
f
lo
w
an
d
it
id
en
tifie
s
an
o
th
er
lin
k
t
o
tr
a
n
s
m
it
th
e
f
lo
w.
T
o
s
elec
t
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
lin
k
,
d
y
n
am
ic
lin
k
q
u
ality
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
lin
k
d
is
to
r
t
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
o
ca
lcu
la
te
lin
k
q
u
ality
m
etr
ic,
c
h
an
n
e
l
id
le
tim
e,
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
r
atio
a
n
d
p
ac
k
et
l
o
s
t
d
u
e
to
h
id
d
e
n
te
r
m
i
n
al
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
Fo
r
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
d
etec
ti
o
n
,
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
m
o
n
ito
r
s
its
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
’
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
tab
le.
I
f
th
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
tab
le
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
lin
k
is
s
m
aller
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
o
th
er
lin
k
s
,
it
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
lin
k
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
th
at
th
is
co
n
d
i
tio
n
is
alwa
y
s
b
ei
n
g
th
e
s
am
e.
T
o
co
n
clu
d
e
wh
eth
er
th
e
lin
k
is
d
eter
io
r
ated
o
r
n
o
t,
th
e
n
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
with
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e
.
I
f
th
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ts
e
x
ce
ed
s
,
th
en
it
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
as
d
eter
io
r
ated
lin
k
.
T
h
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
8
0
Kb
p
s
in
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
lin
k
is
id
e
n
tifie
d
a
s
a
cr
itical
lin
k
,
r
e
p
lace
it
with
n
ew
lin
k
an
d
th
e
ch
an
g
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
tim
ated
lo
ca
lly
to
th
e
n
o
d
es
with
in
its
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
an
g
e
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
I
f
th
e
li
n
k
p
r
ice
is
ze
r
o
at
eq
u
ilib
r
iu
m
,
it is
a
n
o
n
-
cr
itical
lin
k
,
an
d
th
e
s
am
e
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
t
o
tr
an
s
m
it th
e
f
lo
w.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
n
o
d
es
m
ay
o
r
m
ay
n
o
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
l
in
k
q
u
ality
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
B
u
t
th
e
n
o
d
e
will
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t lin
k
s
in
ce
t
h
e
lin
k
is
n
o
t a
c
r
itical
lin
k
.
4
.
5
.
Dis
t
ribute
d c
ha
nn
el
a
llo
ca
t
io
n
I
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
c
h
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
p
h
ase
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
allo
c
atio
n
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
b
in
ar
y
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
a
n
y
lin
k
∈
an
d
a
n
y
ch
a
n
n
el
b
elo
n
g
s
to
s
et
o
f
a
v
ailab
le
ch
an
n
els,
it
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
as
′
1′
an
d
ch
an
n
el
ca
n
b
e
allo
tted
to
th
e
lin
k
.
E
ls
e
it
is
′
0′
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
s
en
d
er
n
o
d
e
at
lin
k
′
′
is
′
′
.
T
h
e
p
ath
lo
s
s
(
)
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
e
r
n
o
d
e
′
′
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
n
o
d
e
′
′
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
,
=
2
(
4
)
2
2
(
2
)
→
Dis
tan
ce
am
o
n
g
s
en
d
e
r
n
o
d
e
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
n
o
d
e
→
An
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
en
d
er
.
→
An
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
→
W
av
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
5.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
I
n
itially
th
e
n
o
d
es
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
HE
L
L
O
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
with
in
its
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
will
r
ep
ly
to
th
e
h
an
d
s
h
ak
e
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
wh
ich
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
e
HE
L
L
O
p
ac
k
ets
s
to
r
es
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
’
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
its
r
o
u
tin
g
ta
b
le.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
is
en
r
ich
ed
with
f
o
u
r
r
ad
io
s
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
a
d
io
s
m
in
im
is
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
lin
k
s
s
h
ar
in
g
a
r
ad
io
.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DOC
C
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
an
n
els
to
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
lin
k
s
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
m
u
tu
al
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
an
d
c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
d
elay
.
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
d
elay
is
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
p
r
ice
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
41
4
-
42
0
418
b
ased
an
d
DOCC
A.
Dela
y
is
lo
w
in
DOCC
A
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ice
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
b
ec
a
u
s
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
co
n
g
esti
o
n
,
th
e
ch
an
n
el
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
tly
a
llo
ca
ted
,
an
d
h
ig
h
p
r
io
r
ity
is
g
iv
en
f
o
r
f
ew
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
n
o
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
put
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
d
el
ay
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
a
s
ed
o
n
av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
I
n
DOC
C
A
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
e
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
lo
w
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
p
r
ice
-
b
ased
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
Per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
an
aly
s
ed
f
o
r
f
iv
e
f
l
o
ws
an
d
in
all
th
e
f
iv
e
f
lo
ws
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
less
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
D
OC
C
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
r
esid
u
al
en
e
r
g
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
g
r
ea
ter
wh
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
p
r
ice
-
b
ased
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
av
e
r
ag
e
en
er
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
ch
a
n
n
el
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
w
ir
eles
s
.
.
.
(
D
.
Ja
s
min
e
Da
vid
)
419
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
DOCC
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
a
wir
eless
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
,
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
f
f
ec
ts
th
e
d
ata
r
a
te
an
d
ca
u
s
es
co
n
g
esti
o
n
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
n
g
esti
o
n
an
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
m
u
ltip
le
ch
an
n
el
m
u
ltip
le
r
ad
i
o
wir
eless
m
esh
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
DOCC
A
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
f
iv
e
s
tag
es
n
am
ely
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
,
p
r
ice
-
b
ased
c
o
n
g
est
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l,
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
lo
ca
l
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
an
d
o
p
tim
u
m
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l.
I
n
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
id
en
tific
atio
n
p
h
ase
n
etwo
r
k
is
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
n
o
d
e
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
r
an
d
o
m
ly
.
No
d
e
s
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
HE
L
L
O
p
ac
k
ets
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
id
en
tify
its
two
-
h
o
p
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
s
an
d
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
is
s
to
r
ed
in
its
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le.
I
n
th
e
p
r
ice
-
b
ased
co
n
g
esti
o
n
co
n
tr
o
l
p
h
ase,
th
e
n
o
d
e
ch
ec
k
s
th
e
av
ailab
le
b
an
d
wid
t
h
with
th
at
o
f
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
b
an
d
wid
th
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
co
m
in
g
f
l
o
w.
I
f
th
e
av
ailab
le
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
b
an
d
wid
th
t
h
e
f
lo
w
ca
n
b
e
ad
m
itted
else th
e
f
lo
w
ca
n
b
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ec
o
u
p
lin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
iv
e
s
tep
s
n
am
ely
c
h
an
n
el
u
tili
ty
,
c
h
an
n
el
r
ate,
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
c
h
an
n
el,
an
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
th
e
p
ac
k
ets.
I
n
th
e
l
o
ca
l
c
h
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
e
n
t,
th
e
p
r
ice
v
alu
e
o
f
ea
ch
li
n
k
is
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
at
eq
u
ilib
r
i
u
m
.
I
f
t
h
e
lin
k
p
r
ice
is
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
at
eq
u
ili
b
r
iu
m
,
th
e
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
es
th
at
th
e
lin
k
is
cr
itica
l
f
o
r
th
e
f
lo
w,
an
d
it
id
en
tifie
s
a
n
ew
lin
k
to
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
f
lo
w.
I
n
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
p
h
ase,
c
h
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
b
in
ar
y
ch
an
n
el
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ev
er
y
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ath
lo
s
s
,
d
a
ta
r
at
e,
s
ig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
n
o
is
e
r
atio
is
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
h
en
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
b
an
d
wid
th
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
lo
w
r
ate.
I
f
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
ate
is
less
th
an
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
av
ailab
le
d
ata
r
ate
ch
an
n
el
is
allo
tted
to
th
e
f
lo
w.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
ian
n
o
u
li
s A
.,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
n
g
e
sti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
io
wire
les
s m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
5
th
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
se
n
so
r,
me
sh
a
n
d
a
d
h
o
c
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
n
e
two
rk
s
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
-
3
5
8
.
[2
]
Nin
g
Z
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Jo
i
n
t
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
a
n
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
wit
h
lo
a
d
b
a
lan
c
in
g
in
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
tw
o
rk
,”
C
o
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
5
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
A
.,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
i
n
imu
m
in
terfe
re
n
c
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
in
m
u
lt
i
ra
d
io
wire
les
s
m
e
s
h
n
e
two
rk
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
o
b
i
le Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
9
-
1
4
7
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
S
u
b
ra
m
a
n
ian
A
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
a
wa
re
ro
u
ti
n
g
i
n
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
io
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s,
”
2
nd
I
EE
E
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
W
ire
les
s M
e
sh
Ne
two
rk
s,
p
p
.
5
5
-
6
3
,
S
e
p
t.
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
Ja
rd
o
sh
A.
P
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
in
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
b
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
5
th
AC
M
S
IGCO
M
M
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
-
2
9
2
.
[6
]
De
v
a
re
M
.
A.
S,
“
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
ARS
a
n
d
BF
S
-
CA
a
n
a
ly
sis
in
WM
N
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Na
n
o
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
Re
v
a
th
i
M
.
a
n
d
De
v
a
P
riy
a
S
,
“
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
i
n
terfe
re
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
i
n
wire
les
s
n
e
two
r
k
s
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
ICS
EM
’
1
4
–
2
nd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
.
[8
]
M
a
rin
a
M
.
K.,
Da
s
S
.
R.
a
n
d
S
u
n
ra
m
a
n
iam
A.
P
.
,
“
A
to
p
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
u
t
il
izin
g
m
u
lt
ip
le
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
in
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
i
o
wire
les
s m
e
sh
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
,”
Co
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
5
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
0
.
[9
]
Tan
g
J
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
-
a
wa
re
to
p
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
Q
o
S
r
o
u
ti
n
g
i
n
m
u
l
ti
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
6
th
ACM
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
M
o
b
i
le
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
two
rk
in
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
6
8
-
77
.
[1
0
]
M
o
h
se
n
ia
n
Ra
d
A.
H.
a
n
d
Wo
n
g
.
V.
W.
S
.
,
“
Jo
i
n
t
l
o
g
ica
l
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
d
e
sig
n
,
in
terfa
c
e
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t,
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
fo
r
m
u
lt
ich
a
n
n
e
l
w
irele
ss
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
,”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
2
-
4
4
4
0
,
De
c
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
He
len
a
R.
Lo
u
re
n
ç
o
,
Oli
v
ier
C.
M
a
rti
n
.
a
n
d
T
h
o
m
a
s
S
t
ü
tzle
,
“
Ite
ra
ted
lo
c
a
l
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
M
e
ta
h
e
u
ristics
,
Klu
we
r A
c
a
d
e
mic
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
rs
,
p
p
.
3
2
0
-
3
5
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
41
4
-
42
0
420
[1
2
]
Ch
e
n
L
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Jo
i
n
t
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
in
IEE
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
-
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
irad
i
o
m
u
lt
ich
a
n
n
e
l
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
,”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
l
a
r T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
1
2
3
-
3
1
3
6
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
Ch
a
u
d
h
ry
A
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
fa
ir
n
e
ss
b
y
imp
r
o
v
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tro
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
m
u
l
ti
-
ra
d
io
m
u
lt
i
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s,”
EURA
S
IP
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
two
rk
s
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
5
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/1
6
8
7
-
1
4
9
9
-
2
0
1
2
-
1
5
5
.
[1
4
]
Ch
e
n
g
H
.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
d
e
s
o
rg
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
wo
th
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
p
re
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
i
n
m
u
l
ti
-
ra
d
io
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
,
”
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
6
0
-
7
7
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
Ch
e
n
g
.
H
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Li
n
k
s
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
fo
r
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
in
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
i
o
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
r
k
s
,”
M
u
lt
ime
d
i
a
T
o
o
ls
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
-
2
5
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
Do
ra
g
h
i
n
e
jad
M
.,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
m
u
lt
i
-
ra
d
i
o
wire
les
s
m
e
sh
n
e
two
rk
s
u
si
n
g
a
n
imp
ro
v
e
d
g
ra
v
it
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
two
rk
i
n
g
a
n
d
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[1
7
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o
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.,
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t
a
l.
,
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sig
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to
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th
K
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ts
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s m
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,
”
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ter
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[1
8
]
Na
v
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d
A
.,
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t
a
l.
,
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To
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wire
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m
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,”
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EE
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ter
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[1
9
]
Na
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.,
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l.
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,”
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ter
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[2
0
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u
p
ta
P
.
a
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d
Ku
m
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r
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.
R.
,
“
Th
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it
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wire
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,”
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E
T
ra
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T
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[2
1
]
Ca
p
o
n
e
A
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t
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l.
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li
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l
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ss
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m
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t
in
wire
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m
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sh
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two
rk
s:
o
p
t
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m
iza
ti
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ls
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lg
o
rit
h
m
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H
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[2
2
]
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s
J
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a
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d
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.
,
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st
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wire
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m
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sh
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two
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with
ti
m
e
p
a
rti
ti
o
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in
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,”
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-
Ho
c
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.
[2
3
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Qu
Y
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t
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l.
,
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m
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(W
M
Ns
)
,”
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m
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.
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4
]
M
o
g
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b
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l
H
.,
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t
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l.
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“
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terfe
re
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re
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l
re
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
sc
h
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m
e
fo
r
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o
m
m
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traffic
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n
wire
les
s
m
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sh
n
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r
k
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”
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e
c
tu
re
No
tes
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-
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ry
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.
[2
5
]
Ch
e
n
g
H.
,
Ya
n
g
S
,
“
Jo
i
n
t
Q
o
S
m
u
lt
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ro
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ti
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c
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n
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m
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lt
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h
a
n
n
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l
wire
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m
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n
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two
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u
sin
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telli
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e
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t
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o
m
p
u
t
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ti
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l
m
e
th
o
d
s
,”
A
p
p
li
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d
S
o
ft
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
11
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
3
-
1
9
6
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
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