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s
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rticle
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d
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CC B
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SA
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p
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r
:
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tem
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tim
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Gr
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p
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lectr
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d
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lectr
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n
g
in
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in
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T
o
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Du
c
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td
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.
v
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1.
I
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RO
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o
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p
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v
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W
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lu
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D
[
1
-
5
]
.
A
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with
a
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[
5
-
8
]
.
T
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wh
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L
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with
co
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p
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[
9
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1
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.
Fo
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[
1
1
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.
B
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L
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ch
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e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tic
al
m
ater
ials
th
at
ca
n
m
i
x
with
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
cr
ea
te
n
ew
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
[
1
4
-
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
ct
b
y
L
ee
with
h
is
p
ar
tn
er
in
2
0
1
0
wh
ich
d
is
p
er
s
ed
T
iO
2
o
n
p
cL
E
Ds
to
ex
am
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
c
o
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
ad
d
in
g
0
.
1
%
T
iO
2
to
th
e
en
ca
p
s
u
lat
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
m
an
y
attem
p
ts
to
en
h
an
ce
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
n
o
u
n
ce
d
,
s
u
c
h
as
Yan
g
’
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
u
s
in
g
C
aCO
3
ca
n
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds,
s
p
ec
if
ically
t
h
e
s
p
atial
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
is
g
r
ea
tly
in
cr
ea
s
ed
wh
en
ad
d
in
g
1
0
%
o
f
C
aCO
3
[
1
9
]
.
Similar
ly
,
An
h
’
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
co
v
er
ed
th
at
a
d
d
in
g
t
h
e
SEP
SiO
2
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds
ca
n
r
e
s
u
lt
in
p
o
s
itiv
e
ch
an
g
e
r
elate
to
s
p
atial
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
.
B
e
s
id
es,
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
SiO
2
ca
n
also
af
f
ec
t
p
cL
E
Ds,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
with
in
p
cL
E
Ds
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
co
l
o
r
q
u
ality
,
lik
ewise
th
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
also
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
SiO
2
m
o
lecu
le
[
2
0
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
,
SEPs
ar
e
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds,
h
o
wev
er
,
an
o
p
tim
al
SEP
th
at
ca
n
y
ield
th
e
b
ig
g
est d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t is st
il
l u
n
d
is
co
v
er
ed
.
T
h
e
SEPs
u
s
ag
e
d
o
es n
o
t e
n
d
th
er
e,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
p
cL
E
Ds with
o
n
e
ch
ip
an
d
em
itted
y
ello
wis
h
lig
h
t c
an
b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
o
f
co
lo
r
d
e
v
iatio
n
an
d
lu
m
e
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
if
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
em
p
lo
y
s
SEPs
.
B
esid
es
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
SEPs
,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
ize
f
o
r
th
e
SEP
p
ar
ticle
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
as
it
co
u
l
d
en
h
an
ce
lig
h
ti
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
with
a
s
u
itab
le
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
t
esti
f
y
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
f
th
e
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
p
ar
ticles
n
o
m
in
ated
ab
o
v
e
o
n
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds
as
well
as
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
eir
p
ar
ticu
lar
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
p
cL
E
Ds
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
is
to
f
in
d
o
p
tim
al
SEP
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds
with
d
is
tin
ct
d
em
an
d
s
an
d
ex
p
lain
h
o
w
th
e
SEPs
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
an
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
u
s
in
g
Mie
th
eo
r
y
alo
n
g
with
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
f
r
o
m
th
is
p
o
in
t
o
n
war
d
a
r
e
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
in
to
3
s
ec
tio
n
s
with
s
ec
tio
n
2
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
in
n
e
r
cir
cu
latio
n
o
f
lig
h
t
in
s
id
e
p
c
L
E
Ds
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
b
asic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
x
p
er
im
en
ts
m
en
tio
n
e
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
B
esid
es,
s
ec
tio
n
3
also
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
ab
o
u
t
o
p
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
we
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
p
ap
er
a
n
d
g
i
v
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic.
2.
ANALY
Z
A
T
I
O
N
O
N
T
H
E
SCAT
T
E
RING
E
F
F
E
C
T
L
ig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
is
a
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
SEPs
wh
en
it
is
in
th
e
p
cL
E
Ds
with
co
n
f
o
r
m
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
will
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
with
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
MA
T
L
AB
[
2
1
-
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
μ
sca
(
λ)
,
th
e
an
is
o
tr
o
p
y
f
ac
t
o
r
g
(
λ)
,
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
δ
sca
(
λ)
a
n
d
th
e
s
c
atter
in
g
am
p
litu
d
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
S
1
(
θ)
an
d
S
2
(
θ
)
:
(
)
=
∫
(
)
(
,
)
(
1
)
I
n
(
1
)
,
th
e
N
(
r
)
is
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
if
f
u
s
iv
e
m
o
lec
u
le
(
m
m
3
)
,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
d
en
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
C
sca
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
s
ca
tter
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
(
m
m
2
)
.
λ
is
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
in
n
an
o
m
ete
r
s
an
d
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
t
h
e
SEPs
p
ar
ticles ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
r
(
m
m
)
.
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fr
o
m
3
8
0
n
m
t
o
7
8
0
n
m
,
th
ese
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e’
s
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
b
r
ig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
.
I
t is ea
s
y
to
s
ee
th
at
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
C
aF
2
lar
g
er
t
h
an
SiO
2
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
co
l
o
r
q
u
ality
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
C
aF
2
wo
u
ld
b
e
b
etter
th
an
SiO
2
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
th
at
o
b
tain
es
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
ese
p
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
will
b
en
ef
it
f
o
r
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
,
b
u
t
n
o
t
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
m
ea
n
s
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
lig
h
t
r
ay
s
ar
e
m
ix
ed
m
o
r
e
tim
es
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
o
u
ts
id
e
an
d
r
esu
lt
in
a
lo
w
co
lo
r
d
ev
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
ef
f
icien
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
a
lu
ate
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
in
p
cL
E
Ds.
An
d
th
is
is
th
e
k
ey
p
o
in
t
to
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
co
lo
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
a
n
d
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
Fo
r
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
,
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
B
esid
es th
e
s
ize
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
p
ar
ticles m
u
s
t a
ls
o
b
e
o
f
in
ter
est.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
6
9
6
-
2701
2698
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
co
e
f
f
icien
t th
e
SEPs
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
p
ar
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
SEPs
p
cL
E
Ds
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
s
im
u
lated
b
y
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
8
.
1
.
0
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
a
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
etails
ar
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
r
ef
lecto
r
a
r
e
2
.
1
m
m
in
d
ep
th
,
8
m
m
in
n
er
a
n
d
1
0
m
m
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
ar
r
a
n
g
em
e
n
t w
ith
in
th
e
p
c
L
E
Ds ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
.
Fin
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
s
im
u
lated
L
E
D
d
ev
ice.
Lea
d
fr
a
me:
4
.
7
m
m
J
en
tech
S
ize
-
S
LED
ch
ip
:
V4
5
H
Die
a
tta
ch
:
Su
m
ito
m
o
1
2
9
5
S
A
Go
ld
Wir
e:
1
.
0
m
il
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
:
I
T
C
NYAG
4
_
E
L
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a
)
Ph
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
W
L
E
Ds s
am
p
le,
(
b
)
Ma
n
u
f
ac
to
r
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
etter
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
(
c)
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
2
D
W
L
E
Ds m
o
d
el,
(
d
)
th
e
s
im
u
lated
W
L
E
Ds m
o
d
el
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
h
av
e
9
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
p
lace
d
at
th
e
b
ase
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
is
f
ix
ed
at
0
.
0
8
m
m
.
SEPs
ar
e
d
ee
m
ed
as
0
.
5
µm
s
p
h
e
r
ical
with
th
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
es
f
o
r
C
aF
2
is
1
.
4
4
,
SiO
2
is
1
.
5
4
.
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles
r
ad
iu
s
is
7
.
2
5
μ
m
o
n
av
er
ag
e
with
1
.
8
3
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
to
p
o
s
itio
n
in
th
e
v
is
ib
le
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
T
h
e
s
ilico
n
e
g
lu
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
h
as
its
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
u
n
ch
an
g
ed
at
1
.
5
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticle
d
en
s
ity
ca
n
ch
a
n
g
e
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
a
n
d
lig
h
tin
g
ef
f
icac
y
.
ℎ
ℎ
+
+
=
100%
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
in
flu
en
ce
s
o
f c
a
lciu
m
flu
o
r
id
e
a
n
d
s
ilica
p
a
r
ticles o
n
im
p
r
o
vin
g
…
(
A
n
h
-
Min
h
D.
Tr
a
n
)
2699
I
n
(
2
)
is
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
a
p
cL
E
Ds,
wh
er
e
W
silicone
,
W
phosphor
an
d
W
SEP
,
in
tu
r
n
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
weig
h
t
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ilico
n
e,
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
SEP
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
b
alan
ce
b
et
wee
n
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
SEP
will
r
esu
lt
in
C
C
T
s
tab
ilit
y
th
at
k
ee
p
it
at
8
5
0
0
K.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
d
e
v
iatio
n
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
th
at
in
d
icate
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
d
ev
ice.
I
n
lig
h
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
u
s
e
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
L
E
Ds),
if
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
C
C
T
is
h
ig
h
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
an
g
les
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
y
ello
w
r
in
g
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
will
o
cc
u
r
to
g
et
h
er
with
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
wh
ite
lig
h
t
c
au
s
in
g
th
e
lig
h
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds to
d
e
clin
e.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
C
C
T
d
e
v
iatio
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
:
=
(
)
–
(
)
(
3
)
I
n
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
,
C
C
T
(Max)
an
d
C
C
T
(Min)
in
tu
r
n
s
,
d
en
o
te
th
e
h
ig
h
est
a
n
d
lo
west
C
C
T
at
0
-
an
d
90
-
d
e
g
r
ee
s
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew.
T
h
e
s
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
lu
ctu
ate
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
u
n
eq
u
al
p
ar
ticles
em
itti
n
g
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
o
s
ettle
th
is
is
s
u
e,
th
e
em
itted
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
n
ee
d
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
to
m
at
ch
with
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
ed
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
h
en
ce
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
C
C
T
d
ev
atio
n
in
th
e
p
cL
E
Ds
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t SE
Ps
at
th
e
s
ize
o
f
(
a)
4
0
0
n
m
a
n
d
(
b
)
8
0
0
n
m
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
C
aF
2
p
ar
ticles
at
4
0
0
n
m
an
d
8
0
0
n
m
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
lo
wer
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
an
g
u
lar
s
ca
tter
in
g
am
p
litu
d
e
in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
SiO
2
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
u
s
in
g
C
aF
2
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
SEP
to
lim
it
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
r
ad
ian
t
in
ten
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
an
g
u
lar
s
ca
tter
in
g
am
p
litu
d
e
o
f
C
aF
2
,
s
im
ilar
to
o
th
er
SEPs
,
is
h
ig
h
er
with
p
ar
ticles
at
4
5
5
n
m
t
h
an
5
9
5
n
m
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
b
l
u
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
f
ab
r
icate
s
wh
ite
lig
h
t
b
u
t
will
also
in
d
u
ce
th
e
“y
ello
w
r
in
g
”
if
th
e
d
is
cr
e
p
an
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
lig
h
ts
ar
e
h
ig
h
e
n
o
u
g
h
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
h
a
v
in
g
en
o
u
g
h
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
m
ak
es
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
m
o
r
e
m
a
n
ag
e
ab
le
an
d
er
a
d
icate
s
y
ello
w
r
in
g
,
an
eith
er
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
o
r
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
ca
tter
ed
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
in
p
cL
E
Ds
c
an
wid
en
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iati
o
n
.
As
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
,
th
e
an
g
u
lar
s
ca
tter
in
g
am
p
litu
d
es
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
with
4
5
5
n
m
p
ar
ticles
alm
o
s
t
tr
ip
le
th
e
r
esu
lts
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
5
9
5
n
m
p
a
r
ticles
wh
ich
is
a
h
u
g
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
l
u
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds.
T
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
all
t
h
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
e
d
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
t
h
at
ad
d
in
g
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iati
o
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
in
p
cL
E
Ds
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
S
E
Ps
at
2
6
7
0
K
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
ap
p
ly
in
g
SEPs
in
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
c
a
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
lo
r
d
ev
iatio
n
d
o
wn
b
y
1
8
0
0
K.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
a
r
y
,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
p
a
r
ticles
in
th
eir
o
wn
s
ep
ar
at
e
ca
s
e
ca
u
s
es
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
ly
to
t
h
em
.
B
esid
es
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
,
th
e
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds ar
e
also
ch
an
g
e
d
b
e
ca
u
s
e
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
an
d
is
r
e
co
r
d
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
a
r
e
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds
with
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
th
at
h
av
e
th
e
m
ater
ials
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
v
ar
ies
0
-
5
0
%
a
n
d
th
e
s
ize
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
n
m
to
1
0
0
0
n
m
.
I
n
SiO2
ca
s
es,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
ce
r
tain
ty
t
h
at
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
an
d
s
ize
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticles.
Fo
r
C
aF
2
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
with
all
p
ar
ticles
s
ize
at
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
0
-
2
0
%
b
u
t
ten
d
s
to
cr
ea
t
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
ef
f
ec
t
if
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
o
f
C
aF
2
co
n
tin
u
es
to
r
i
s
e.
Ap
p
ar
en
tly
,
th
e
p
ar
ticles
s
ize
h
av
e
a
d
ec
id
in
g
r
o
le
in
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
b
ac
k
-
s
c
atter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
b
etter
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icac
y
in
W
L
E
Ds.
T
o
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
SEPs
,
we
ap
p
ly
th
e
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law
an
d
th
e
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
eo
r
y
i
n
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
.
T
h
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
f
SEPs
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
e
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
C
sca
f
o
r
s
p
h
er
ical
p
ar
ti
cles w
h
ile
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
lig
h
t p
o
wer
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
6
9
6
-
2701
2700
I
= I
0
ex
p
(
-
µ
ext
L)
(
4
)
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
a
b
o
v
e,
I
0
is
th
e
o
p
tical
p
o
wer
o
f
in
ci
d
en
t
lig
h
t
an
d
L
is
th
e
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
atin
g
(
m
m
)
.
µ
ext
in
d
icate
s
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t th
at
is
co
m
p
u
te
d
b
y
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
:
µ
ext
=
N
r
.C
ext
,
wh
er
e
N
r
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
d
en
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticles
(
m
m
-
3
)
an
d
C
ext
(mm
2
)
is
th
e
e
x
tin
ctio
n
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
B
ased
o
n
(
4
)
,
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
th
at
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
SEPs
th
e
lo
wer
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
is
in
cid
e
n
t
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
en
er
g
y
b
ein
g
d
am
a
g
e
d
b
y
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
o
f
lig
h
t scatter
in
g
in
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
a
n
d
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
SEPs
th
at
ca
u
s
e
b
a
ck
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
o
f
p
cL
E
Ds ad
d
in
g
C
aF
2
(
a)
an
d
SiO
2
(
b
)
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
tar
g
et
o
f
th
is
r
esear
c
h
is
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
at
S
E
Ps
m
ig
h
t
h
a
v
e
o
n
two
q
u
ality
-
d
ec
id
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
wh
ite
L
E
Ds
d
ev
ices,
wh
ich
ar
e
ch
r
o
m
atic
q
u
ality
an
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
in
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
a
n
d
ce
r
tain
th
at
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
p
ar
ticle
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
o
cc
u
r
in
p
cL
E
Ds
ar
e
d
is
tin
ct.
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
,
th
is
en
co
u
r
ag
es
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
y
o
f
an
o
p
ti
m
al
SEPs
an
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lev
el
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
c
ca
s
io
n
th
at
b
en
ef
its
th
e
o
p
tical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
c
L
E
Ds
th
e
m
o
s
t.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
i
n
th
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ar
ticle
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
a
g
u
id
elin
e
to
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
W
L
E
Ds
with
p
r
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
o
r
b
ase
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
o
p
p
o
s
es
to
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
C
aF
2
an
d
SiO
2
wh
ich
is
a
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
C
C
T
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
t
o
r
e
d
u
ce
co
lo
r
d
ev
iatio
n
to
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
u
s
in
g
C
aF
2
wo
u
l
d
b
e
th
e
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice.
W
ith
th
at
b
ein
g
s
aid
,
co
n
t
r
o
l o
v
er
C
aF
2
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
d
esira
b
le
as it p
r
ev
e
n
ts
d
am
a
g
e
to
lu
m
in
o
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
a
n
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
O
n
an
o
th
er
n
o
te,
SiO
2
is
th
e
m
ater
ial
th
at
b
en
ef
it
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
in
p
cL
E
Ds with
SiO
2
b
ein
g
th
e
m
ater
ial
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es th
e
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
in
flu
en
ce
s
o
f c
a
lciu
m
flu
o
r
id
e
a
n
d
s
ilica
p
a
r
ticles o
n
im
p
r
o
vin
g
…
(
A
n
h
-
Min
h
D.
Tr
a
n
)
2701
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ch
e
n
g
J
.
,
Z
h
a
n
g
J
.
,
Z
h
a
n
g
H
.
C
.
,
M
a
ry
a
m
S
.
,
Bian
X
.
T
.
,
S
h
e
n
Z
.
H
.
,
Ni
X
.
W
.
,
L
u
J
.,
“
S
y
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
p
h
o
to
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
S
r4
La(PO4
)
3
O:RE
3
+
(RE=Eu
/T
b
/Ce)
p
h
o
sp
h
o
rs
,”
C
h
i
n
e
se
Op
ti
c
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
12
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
6
0
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
S
h
a
rm
a
S
.
,
Bra
h
m
e
N
.
,
Bise
n
D
.
P
.
,
De
wa
n
g
a
n
P
.
,
“
Co
o
l
wh
i
te
li
g
h
t
e
m
issio
n
fr
o
m
Dy
3
+
a
c
ti
v
a
ted
a
lk
a
li
n
e
a
l
u
m
in
o
sili
c
a
te p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s,”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
26
,
n
o
.
22
,
p
p
.
2
9
4
9
5
-
2
9
5
0
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
M
in
K
.
T
.
,
Ch
o
i
Y
.
K
.
,
Je
o
n
H
.
S.
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
c
a
lcu
latio
n
s
fo
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
flu
o
re
sc
e
n
c
e
in
p
h
o
to
n
ic
c
ry
sta
l
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r,
”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
20
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
4
5
2
-
2
4
5
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
Tan
g
Y
.
,
Zh
i
Li
Z
.
,
L
ian
g
G
.
W
.
,
Li
Z
.
,
L
.
JSi
,
Y
u
B
.
H.
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
fo
r
LE
D
la
m
p
s
b
y
in
tro
d
u
c
i
n
g
p
o
l
y
a
c
ry
lo
n
it
ril
e
e
lec
tro
sp
in
n
i
n
g
n
a
n
o
fi
b
e
r
fil
m
,”
Op
ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
26
,
n
o
.
21
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
1
6
-
2
7
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
Ch
o
H
.
S
.
,
Jo
o
C
.
W
.
,
Lee
J
.
H
.
,
Lee
H
.
K
.
,
M
o
o
n
J
.
H
.
,
Lee
J
.
I
.
,
Lee
J
.
Y
.
,
Ka
n
g
Y
.
J
.
,
Ch
o
N
.
S.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
fa
b
rica
ti
o
n
o
f
tw
o
-
sta
c
k
tan
d
e
m
-
t
y
p
e
a
ll
-
p
h
o
sp
h
o
re
sc
e
n
t
wh
it
e
o
r
g
a
n
ic
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
fo
r
a
c
h
i
e
v
in
g
h
ig
h
c
o
lo
r
re
n
d
e
rin
g
i
n
d
e
x
a
n
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s e
ffi
c
a
c
y
,”
Op
ti
c
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
24
,
n
o
.
21
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
6
1
-
2
4
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
P
e
n
g
Y
.
,
Wan
g
S
.
M
.
,
Li
R
.
X
.
,
Li
H
.
,
Ch
e
n
g
H
.
,
C
h
e
n
M
.
X
.
,
Li
u
S
.
,
“
Lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
u
lt
ra
v
i
o
let
-
e
x
c
it
e
d
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
l
ti
lay
e
re
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
Op
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
55
,
no.
18
,
p
p
.
4
9
3
3
-
4
9
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
Tan
g
Y
.
R
.
,
Zh
o
u
S
.
M
.
,
Yi
X
.
Z
.
,
Li
n
H
.
,
Zh
a
n
g
S
.
,
Ha
o
D
.
M.
,
“
M
icro
str
u
c
tu
re
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
site
p
h
a
se
c
e
ra
m
ic
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
fo
r
w
h
it
e
LE
Ds
with
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
,”
Op
ti
c
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
40
,
n
o
.
23
,
pp.
5
4
7
9
-
5
4
8
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
S
iao
C
.
B
.
,
Wan
g
K
.
W
.
,
C
h
e
n
H
.
S
.
,
S
u
Y
.
S
.
,
C
h
u
n
g
S
.
R.
,
“
Ultra
h
i
g
h
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
o
f
wh
it
e
Z
n
x
C
d
1
-
x
S
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
d
o
ts
-
ba
se
d
w
h
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,”
Op
t
ica
l
M
a
ter
i
a
l
s E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
4
9
-
7
5
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
Kim
S
.
H
.
,
S
o
n
g
Y
.
H
.
,
Je
o
n
S
.
R
.
,
T
.
J
.
,
Kim
J
.
Y
.
,
Ha
J
.
S
.
,
Kim
W
.
H
.
,
Ba
e
k
J
.
H
.
,
Ya
n
g
G
.
M
.
,
P
a
rk
H
.
J.
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
in
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
c
o
n
v
e
rted
wh
it
e
v
e
rti
c
a
l
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
u
si
n
g
lo
w
i
n
d
e
x
lay
e
r,
”
Op
ti
c
s
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
3
-
6
3
5
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
0
]
A
l
h
a
s
s
a
n
A
.
I
.
,
F
a
r
r
e
l
l
R
.
M
.,
S
a
i
f
a
d
d
i
n
B
.
S
.
,
M
u
g
h
a
l
A
.
,
W
u
F
.
,
D
e
n
B
a
a
r
s
S
.
P
.
,
N
a
k
a
m
u
r
a
S
.
,
S
p
e
c
k
J
.
S.
,
“
H
i
g
h
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
g
r
e
e
n
l
i
g
h
t
-
e
m
i
t
t
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n
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ir
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Bo
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y
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v
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l
.
78
,
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o
.
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,
pp.
4
4
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0
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1
.
[1
9
]
Tran
N
.
T
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,
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G
.
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g
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.
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,
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p
li
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v
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.
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.
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1
]
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n
g
X
.
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Y
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A
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M
.
,
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n
g
X
.
,
Li
n
n
a
rtz
J
.
P
.
M
.
G.
,
“
LE
D
p
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we
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c
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Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
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p
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1
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[2
2
]
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J
.
H
.
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n
g
S
.
J
.
,
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u
n
g
Y
.
G
.
,
Do
Y
.
R.
,
“
Im
p
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c
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d
with
a
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ter
,”
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c
s E
x
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re
ss
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l.
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p
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4
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0
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3
.
[2
3
]
Kim
S
.
N
.
,
Kim
B
.
N
.
,
Kim
H
.
S.
,
“
Op
t
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las
m
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terin
g
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ti
c
a
l
M
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ter
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ls E
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re
ss
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l.
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.
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p
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4
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.
[2
4
]
Oh
J
.
R
.
,
C
h
o
S
.
H
.
,
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h
J
.
H
.
,
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Y
.
K
.
,
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Y
.
H
.
,
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W
.
,
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Y
.
R.
,
“
T
h
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li
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ti
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c
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Exp
re
ss
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v
o
l.
19
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp.
4
1
8
8
-
4
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9
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
5
]
S
m
e
t
K
.
,
Ry
c
k
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rt
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.
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.
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ter
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.
R
.
,
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c
o
n
in
c
k
G
.
,
Ha
n
se
lae
r
P
.
,
“
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ti
m
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E
D c
lu
ste
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ry
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rs,”
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t
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Exp
r
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
19
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
6
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0
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0
1
1
.
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