T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
,
V
o
l.1
6
,
No.
6
,
Dece
m
b
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r
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
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5
88
~
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96
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N: 1
6
9
3
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6930
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OMN
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1
6
i
6
.
10193
◼
2588
Rece
ived
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2
0
1
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;
Revise
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A
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2
8
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2
0
1
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;
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ul
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h
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gain
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band
w
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©
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[
1
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ks.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6930
◼
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
M
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ltil
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S
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b
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s t
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...
(
N.Cha
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r
)
2589
Rela
te
d
wo
r
ks
T
h
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
a
n
d
th
e
g
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in
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e
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e
d
a
s
im
p
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r
ta
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t
ch
a
r
a
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r
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o
f
th
e
a
n
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n
n
a
.
T
h
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y
ca
n
b
e
im
p
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d
sign
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tly
b
y
a
p
p
lyi
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g
te
c
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iqu
e
s
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lr
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a
d
y
m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
in
th
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li
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r
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tu
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[4
]
.
T
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is
se
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n
p
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e
se
n
ts
so
m
e
o
f
th
e
int
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e
stin
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p
a
p
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s
which
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e
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l
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e
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p
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f
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n
n
a
ch
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r
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cte
r
istics
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y
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sing
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e
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lt
il
a
y
e
r
su
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st
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a
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te
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h
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iqu
e
.
I
n
[
5
],
a
m
u
ltiple
m
e
ta
l
b
a
ck
r
e
fle
cto
r
is
p
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o
p
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se
d
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r
a
wi
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d
slot
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.
In
[
6
],
a
m
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a
p
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is
u
se
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a
h
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g
a
in
wi
th
h
igh
F
/B
in
th
e
o
p
e
r
a
tin
g
fr
e
q
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e
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cy
r
a
n
g
e
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th
r
e
l
a
tive
ly
lar
g
e
d
im
e
n
sion
s.
B
u
t
in
[7
],
r
e
p
lacin
g
m
e
ta
l
wi
th
s
u
b
str
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te
a
s
a
r
e
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r
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r
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n
t
e
d
t
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im
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r
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th
e
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/B
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th
a
p
e
r
tu
r
e
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u
p
le
d
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
.
In
[8
],
t
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
is
co
n
str
u
ct
e
d
u
sing
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o
u
b
le
-
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ck
e
d
su
b
st
r
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te
wi
th
low
d
iele
c
tr
ic
co
n
st
a
n
t.
In
[9
],
a
s
e
co
n
d
fla
m
e
r
e
ta
r
d
a
n
t
l
a
ye
r
(
F
R
-
4
)
,
co
a
te
d
wi
th
a
n
a
n
n
e
a
led
c
o
p
p
e
r
o
f
0
.
0
3
5
m
m
a
t
b
o
th
side
s
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a
p
p
li
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o
r
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sing
le
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ic
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ip
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n
te
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n
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,
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th
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n
a
ir
g
a
p
se
p
a
r
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tin
g
b
o
th
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r
s.
In
[1
0
],
a
n
a
ir
g
a
p
is
in
se
r
te
d
b
e
twe
e
n
r
a
d
ia
tin
g
e
lem
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
o
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n
d
p
lan
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o
r
d
e
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n
cr
e
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se
th
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e
ff
ici
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cy
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n
d
to
d
e
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e
a
s
e
th
e
h
igh
su
b
str
a
te
l
o
ss.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
th
e
m
u
ltil
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y
e
r
su
b
str
a
t
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te
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h
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i
q
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e
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ve
lo
p
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d
b
y
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sing
d
iffe
r
e
n
t
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s m
a
inly in
sp
ir
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
siti
o
n
s m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
a
b
o
ve
.
F
ir
st,
a
n
e
xt
r
a
la
ye
r
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f
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R
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wi
ll
b
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a
d
d
e
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se
p
a
r
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te
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y
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n
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ir
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a
p
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ft
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in
o
r
d
e
r
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cil
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th
e
m
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n
u
fa
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r
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r
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laye
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m
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lace
th
e
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i
r
g
a
p
a
n
d
th
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s
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v
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h
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last
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r
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p
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sition
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n
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k
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e
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ing
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ly
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R
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laye
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su
p
e
r
p
o
se
d
o
n
a
f
o
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m
d
iele
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ic.
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p
e
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m
its
to
r
e
d
u
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
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r
s.
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h
e
m
u
ltil
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ye
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b
str
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te
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ch
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iq
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e
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a
p
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t
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p
r
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ch
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ze
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n
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2
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Des
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r
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p
r
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k
[2
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h
e
d
e
sign
co
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sists
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f
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t
p
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tch
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sing
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r
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ts
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r
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r
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o
u
n
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e
d
in
p
a
r
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ll
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l o
n
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R
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su
b
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te
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a
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r
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s
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r
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se
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r
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th
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h
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r
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h
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r
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1
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o
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r
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1
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r
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n
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tivity
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lue
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h
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n
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e
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r
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lust
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t
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d
in
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r
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4
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h
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in
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th
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p
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n
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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2591
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a
s
a
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u
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d
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h
e
m
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a
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tf
o
r
war
d
way
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e
a
n
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
wi
th
o
u
t
lowe
r
in
g
t
h
e
g
a
in.
In
o
r
d
e
r
to
ca
lcula
te
th
e
t
o
ta
l
st
r
u
ctu
r
e
th
ickne
ss
h
,
w
e
p
e
r
fo
r
m
th
e
su
m
o
f
su
b
str
a
te
th
ickne
sse
s
ℎ
inclu
d
ing
th
e
a
i
r
laye
r
;
ℎ
=
∑
ℎ
=
1
,
wi
th
n
e
q
u
a
ls
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
ssu
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
L
e
e
e
t
a
l.
[1
1
]
a
r
e
r
e
sp
e
cte
d
in
th
is
a
n
a
lysi
s.
T
h
e
e
q
u
ivale
n
t
d
iel
e
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
ium
b
e
low
th
e
str
u
c
tu
r
e
is
g
iven
b
y
A
b
b
o
u
d
e
t
a
l.
[1
2
]
a
n
d
is
il
lust
r
a
te
d
in
F
o
r
m
u
la
2
,
whe
r
e
is
th
e
e
q
u
ival
e
n
t
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t,
is
th
e
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
F
R
-
4
laye
r
,
is
th
e
th
ickne
ss
o
f
th
e
a
ir
g
a
p
a
n
d
H is t
h
e
t
h
ickne
ss o
f
t
h
e
F
R
-
4
la
ye
r
.
=
(
+
)
(
+
)
(
2
)
In
ca
se
o
f
a
ir
g
a
p
o
r
fo
a
m
d
iele
ctr
ic,
th
e
r
e
lat
ive
p
e
r
m
ittivity
is
a
lm
o
st
e
q
u
a
l
to
o
n
e
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
inst
e
a
d
o
f
u
sing
a
p
a
tch
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
wi
th
low
–
loss
e
xp
e
n
sive
d
iele
ctr
ic
m
a
te
r
ials
su
c
h
a
T
e
fl
o
n
o
r
Ce
r
a
m
ic,
t
h
e
ide
a
is
to
ke
e
p
u
sing
low
co
st
s
u
b
str
a
te
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
ve
th
e
g
a
in
.
M
e
a
n
while,
it
is
kn
o
wn
th
a
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
incr
e
a
se
th
e
g
a
in
va
lue
,
a
r
e
fle
ct
o
r
p
lan
e
co
u
ld
b
e
u
se
d
.
T
h
is
r
e
fle
cto
r
is
int
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
t
th
e
b
a
ck
side
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
b
a
ck
lob
e
.
It
is
p
lace
d
a
t
a
d
ista
n
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
which
cr
e
a
te
s
a
n
a
i
r
g
a
p
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
su
b
s
tr
a
te
a
n
d
th
e
r
e
fle
c
to
r
.
T
h
e
sa
m
e
a
i
r
g
a
p
co
u
ld
b
e
a
u
se
d
a
s
a
way
to
im
p
r
o
ve
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
t
h
a
s
d
e
scr
ibe
d
a
b
o
ve
.
Hen
ce
,
since
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
a
ir
g
a
p
lea
d
s
to
a
wi
d
e
r
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
a
n
d
th
e
u
se
o
f
th
e
r
e
fle
cto
r
a
t
t
h
e
b
a
ck
side
o
f
th
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
h
e
lp
s
to
im
p
r
o
ve
th
e
g
a
in,
t
h
e
m
u
ltil
a
ye
r
s
u
b
st
r
a
te
te
ch
n
iqu
e
s
e
e
m
s t
o
b
e
a
g
o
o
d
way
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
b
o
th
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
a
in.
In
o
u
r
wor
k,
we
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
d
iffe
r
e
n
t
typ
e
s
a
n
d
d
ispo
sitio
n
s
o
f
m
u
ltil
a
ye
r
su
b
str
a
te
t
e
ch
n
iqu
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
xt
s
e
c
tio
n
s
wi
ll
p
r
e
se
n
t
in
d
e
t
a
il
t
h
e
d
iffe
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
sition
s
.
3
.2
.
F
ir
s
t
P
r
o
p
o
s
i
t
io
n
o
f
M
u
lt
il
a
y
e
r
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
T
h
is
fir
st
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
is
d
e
t
a
il
e
d
in
a
p
r
e
vio
u
s
wor
k
[1
3
].
It
co
n
sists
o
f
u
sing
two
laye
r
s
o
f
FR
-
4
s
e
p
a
r
a
te
d
b
y
a
ir
g
a
p
.
In
fa
c
t,
th
e
se
co
n
d
laye
r
o
f
F
R4
a
cts
a
s
a
r
e
fle
ct
o
r
.
It
h
e
lps
t
o
g
e
t
h
igh
e
r
g
a
in
a
n
d
h
igh
e
r
fr
o
n
t
t
o
b
a
ck
r
a
tio
b
y
r
e
d
ir
e
ctin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
tio
n
d
e
n
sity
fr
o
m
b
a
ck
lob
e
to
m
a
in
lob
e
.
T
h
e
F
R
-
4
laye
r
s
a
r
e
sp
a
ce
d
b
y
vias
m
a
d
e
o
f
T
e
flo
n
P
T
F
E
(
p
o
lyte
tr
a
flu
o
r
o
e
th
ylen
e
)
.
T
e
flo
n
p
e
r
m
ittivity
i
s
2
.1
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
ium
b
e
low
th
e
st
r
u
ctu
r
e
a
cco
r
d
ing
t
o
th
e
fo
r
m
u
la
in
th
e
th
e
o
r
e
tica
l
se
ctio
n
is
=
2
.3
8
.
F
igu
r
e
5
sh
o
ws th
e
side
vie
w o
f
t
h
e
m
u
ltil
a
ye
r
su
b
str
a
te
.
F
igu
r
e
5
.
M
u
lti lay
e
r
su
b
s
tr
a
te
sid
e
vie
w
In
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
a
ir
g
a
p
th
ickne
ss,
th
e
str
u
ctu
r
e
is
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
u
sin
g
a
v
a
r
iet
y
o
f
d
ista
n
ce
se
p
a
r
a
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
o
tt
o
m
F
R
-
4
l
a
ye
r
t
o
th
e
to
p
F
R
-
4
l
a
ye
r
.
T
h
e
g
a
p
th
ickn
e
ss
is
g
r
a
d
u
a
ll
y
va
r
i
e
d
fr
o
m
0
.1
m
m
to
1
0
m
m
.
T
h
e
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts
o
f
th
e
g
a
in
c
o
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
in
g
to
e
a
ch
a
ir
g
a
p
t
h
ickne
ss
a
r
e
ill
u
st
r
a
te
d
in
T
a
b
le
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
V
o
l.
16
,
No.
6
,
Dece
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
:
258
8
-
259
6
2592
T
a
b
le
2
.
A
ir
G
a
p
V
s
Ga
in
A
i
r
g
a
p
t
h
i
ckn
e
ss
(
m
m
)
0
.1
1
2
3
4
7
10
Ga
i
n
(
d
B
)
2
.1
6
9
.2
2
1
3
.9
4
1
5
.8
4
1
6
.6
2
1
7
.2
9
1
7
.2
1
W
e
d
e
d
u
ce
d
fr
o
m
T
a
b
le
2
th
a
t
b
y
incr
e
a
sing
th
e
a
ir
g
a
p
th
ickne
ss,
th
e
g
a
in
incr
e
a
s
e
s
a
s
well.
F
o
r
a
ir
g
a
p
th
ickne
sse
s
7
m
m
a
n
d
1
0
m
m
,
th
e
g
a
in
r
e
m
a
ins
th
e
sa
m
e
,
fo
r
th
is
r
e
a
so
n
we
wi
ll
ke
e
p
th
e
sm
a
ll
e
r
a
ir
g
a
p
t
h
ickne
ss
(7
mm)
.
F
r
o
m
th
e
th
ickne
ss
2
m
m
,
th
e
g
a
in
sta
r
ts
to
r
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
n
a
cc
u
r
a
te
v
a
lue
f
o
r
a
n
a
r
r
a
y a
n
te
n
n
a
in
g
e
n
e
r
a
l.In
o
th
e
r
te
r
m
s
,
th
e
a
i
r
g
a
p
t
h
ickne
ss
va
lue
wi
ll
b
e
ch
o
se
n
st
a
r
tin
g
fr
o
m
2
to
7
m
m
.
A
s
a
tr
a
d
e
o
ff
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
d
e
sig
n
vo
lum
e
a
n
d
th
e
g
a
in
va
lue
,
we
ch
o
s
e
t
o
wo
r
k with
t
h
e
a
ir
g
a
p
th
ickne
ss 4
m
m
wh
ich
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
s t
o
0
.0
4
x
0
a
n
d
which
g
i
ve
s u
s a
g
a
in
va
lue
o
f
1
6
.
6
2
d
B
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
ing
d
i
r
e
ctivity is 1
7
.
8
5
d
B
.
3
.2
.
1.
S
im
u
la
t
io
n
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
F
igu
r
e
6
sh
o
ws
th
e
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
a
n
d
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
co
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
ing
to
th
e
ch
o
se
n
a
ir
g
a
p
th
ickne
s
s
4
m
m
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lts
sh
o
w
th
a
t
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
a
t
o
p
e
r
a
tin
g
fr
e
q
u
e
n
cy
a
n
d
th
e
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
a
r
e
e
q
u
a
l
su
cce
ssively
to
-
17
d
B
a
n
d
440
M
Hz.
T
h
e
se
r
e
su
lts
r
e
fle
ct
th
a
t
th
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
h
a
s
incr
e
a
se
d
b
y
2
7
8
M
Hz
co
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
to
th
e
b
a
sic a
r
r
a
y a
n
te
n
n
a
.
F
igu
r
e
6
.
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
o
f
th
e
f
ir
st
p
r
o
p
o
sition
T
h
e
F
igu
r
e
7
p
r
e
se
n
ts
r
a
d
iat
ion
p
a
tt
e
r
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
o
p
e
r
a
tin
g
fr
e
q
u
e
n
cy
fo
r
a
i
r
g
a
p
th
ickne
ss
4
m
m
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
8
sh
o
ws
th
a
t
th
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ir
e
c
tivity
va
lue
s
a
r
e
e
q
u
a
l
su
cce
ssively
to
1
6
.6
3
d
B
a
n
d
1
7
.8
5
d
B
a
t
th
e
ta
3
0
°.
T
h
e
g
a
in
va
l
u
e
h
a
s
inc
r
e
a
se
d
b
y
1
0
.
5
d
B
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
t
o
b
a
sic
a
r
r
a
y a
n
te
n
n
a
.
F
igu
r
e
7
.
Rad
iat
io
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
sition
F
igu
r
e
8
.
Ga
in
a
n
d
d
ir
e
ctivity o
f
th
e
f
ir
st
p
r
o
p
o
sition
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6930
◼
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
M
u
ltil
a
ye
r
S
u
b
st
r
a
te
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
e
s t
o
I
m
p
r
o
ve
A
r
r
a
y A
n
te
n
n
a
...
(
N.Cha
te
r
)
2593
3.
3
.
S
e
c
o
n
d
P
r
o
p
o
s
it
io
n
o
f
M
u
l
t
il
a
y
e
r
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
T
h
e
s
e
co
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
is
sim
il
a
r
t
o
th
e
fi
r
st
o
n
e
,
b
u
t
in
th
is
ca
s
e
,
t
h
e
a
ir
g
a
p
is
r
e
p
lace
d
b
y
a
n
o
th
e
r
d
iele
ctr
ic
wi
th
a
p
e
r
m
ittivity
o
f
1
.0
5
.
T
h
is
d
iele
ctr
ic
is
th
e
f
o
a
m
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is p
r
o
p
o
sitio
n
is t
h
e
f
a
c
t
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
n
e
e
d
t
o
u
se
via
s
m
a
d
e
o
f
t
e
flo
n
sin
c
e
a
so
li
d
su
b
s
tr
a
t
e
se
p
a
r
a
te
s
th
e
F
R
-
4
la
ye
r
s
.
T
h
e
fo
a
m
m
a
te
r
i
a
l h
a
s t
h
e
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ity t
o
o
ff
e
r
lo
w d
iele
ctr
ic co
n
s
ta
n
t
(
close
to
1
)
.
T
h
is
a
ll
o
ws
d
e
sign
i
n
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
wi
th
h
igh
e
ff
ici
e
n
cy.
T
h
is
kind
o
f
fo
a
m
is
co
m
p
o
se
d
o
f
b
a
sic
initia
l
P
V
C
m
a
te
r
ial
int
o
which
a
ir
is
inje
cte
d
o
r
sp
e
cial
g
a
s
[1
4
]
.
F
o
a
m
-
li
ke
m
a
te
r
ials
a
r
e
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
ir
i
n
tr
insic
st
r
u
ctu
r
e
,
ve
r
y
li
g
h
twe
igh
t.
T
h
e
se
m
a
te
r
ials
typ
ically
e
xh
ibit
low
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
a
n
d
l
o
ss
ta
n
g
e
n
t.
S
u
ch
p
r
o
p
e
r
tie
s
m
a
ke
fo
a
m
s
ve
r
y
a
tt
r
a
ctiv
e
to
b
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
su
b
str
a
te
s
fo
r
th
e
fa
b
r
icat
ion
o
f
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
in
a
p
p
l
icat
ion
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
ing
li
g
h
t
-
wei
g
h
t,
low
-
loss,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
b
il
l
o
f
m
a
t
e
r
ials,
less
m
e
ch
a
n
ical
co
m
p
lexity
while
p
r
e
se
r
vin
g
th
e
e
l
e
ctr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
p
e
r
fo
r
m
a
n
ce
[1
5
].
T
h
e
f
o
a
m
t
h
ickne
ss
ch
o
s
e
n
in
th
is
se
ctio
n
h
a
s
th
e
sa
m
e
va
lue
a
s
th
e
a
i
r
g
a
p
th
ickne
ss
4
m
m
ch
o
se
n
in
th
e
p
r
e
vio
u
s
se
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
d
iele
ct
r
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
b
e
low t
h
e
st
r
u
ctu
r
e
a
cco
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
in
th
e
t
h
e
o
r
e
tica
l se
ctio
n
is
=
2
.3
8
3
.3
.1
.
S
im
u
la
t
io
n
Res
u
l
t
s
F
igu
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws th
e
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts o
f
b
o
t
h
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
a
n
d
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
.
It
sh
o
ws
a
v
a
lue
o
f
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
a
n
d
a
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
which
a
r
e
e
q
u
a
l
su
cce
ssively
to
-
12
d
B
a
n
d
428
M
Hz.
F
igu
r
e
9
.
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
o
f
th
e
se
co
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
sition
F
igu
r
e
1
0
sh
o
ws
th
e
fo
r
m
o
f
th
e
r
a
d
iat
i
o
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
a
t
3
GHz.
F
igu
r
e
1
1
il
lust
r
a
te
s
b
o
th
th
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ir
e
c
tivity
va
lue
s.
T
h
e
g
a
in
i
s
e
q
u
a
l
to
1
6
.5
d
B
a
n
d
th
e
m
a
xim
u
m
d
ir
e
ctivi
ty
is
e
q
u
a
l to
1
7
.7
6
a
t
t
h
e
ta
3
1
°
.
F
igu
r
e
1
0
.
Rad
iat
i
o
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
o
f
th
e
2
nd
p
r
o
p
o
sition
F
igu
r
e
1
1
.
Ga
in
a
n
d
d
i
r
e
ctivity o
f
t
h
e
2
nd
p
r
o
p
o
sition
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
V
o
l.
16
,
No.
6
,
Dece
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
:
258
8
-
259
6
2594
3
.4
.
T
h
ir
d
P
r
o
p
o
s
it
i
o
n
o
f
M
u
lt
i
la
y
e
r
S
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
T
h
is
se
ctio
n
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
a
d
if
fe
r
e
n
t
d
ispo
sitio
n
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lay
e
r
su
b
s
tr
a
te
te
ch
n
iqu
e
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
.
I
n
fa
c
t,
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
sa
l
p
r
e
se
n
ts
o
n
ly
2
laye
r
s;
th
e
fi
r
st
o
n
e
c
o
n
sists
o
f
F
R
-
4
su
b
str
a
te
a
n
d
th
e
se
co
n
d
o
n
e
co
n
sists
o
f
fo
a
m
m
a
te
r
ial.
T
h
e
th
ickne
ss
o
f
fo
a
m
laye
r
r
e
m
a
ins
th
e
sa
m
e
a
s t
h
e
p
r
e
viou
s
p
a
r
a
g
r
a
p
h
(
4
mm).
T
h
e
a
d
va
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
sa
l
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
which
is
r
e
d
u
ce
d
while
ke
e
p
ing
th
e
u
se
o
f
low
co
st
su
b
st
r
a
te
s.
T
h
is
tim
e
,
th
e
e
q
u
ivale
n
t
d
iele
ctr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
ium
b
e
low
th
e
str
u
ct
u
r
e
a
cco
r
d
ing
t
o
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
in
th
e
th
e
o
r
e
tica
l
s
e
ctio
n
is
=
1
.6
4
.
T
h
e
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
im
e
n
sion
s
h
a
ve
b
e
e
n
sli
g
h
tly
m
o
d
ified
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
e
a
li
ze
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce
m
a
tch
ing
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
tu
n
ing
.
3
.4
.1
.
S
im
u
la
t
io
n
Res
u
l
t
s
T
h
e
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
2
sh
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
is
e
q
u
a
l
to
-
1
1
.5
2
5
d
B
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
is
e
q
u
a
l t
o
3
7
5
M
Hz.
F
igu
r
e
12
.
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
o
f
t
h
e
3
r
d
p
r
o
p
o
sitio
n
T
h
e
r
a
d
iat
ion
p
a
tt
e
r
n
f
o
r
m
is sh
o
wn
in
F
igu
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
d
ir
e
ctivity a
r
e
sh
o
wn
i
n
F
igu
r
e
1
4
T
h
e
g
a
in
is e
q
u
a
l t
o
1
6
.3
d
B
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
a
xi
m
u
m
d
ir
e
ctivity is e
q
u
a
l to
1
7
.8
6
dB
a
t
th
e
t
a
2
5
°.
F
igu
r
e
1
3
.
Rad
iat
i
o
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
o
f
th
e
3
rd
p
r
o
p
o
sition
F
igu
r
e
1
4
.
Ga
in
a
n
d
d
i
r
e
ctivity o
f
t
h
e
3
rd
p
r
o
p
o
sition
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6930
◼
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
M
u
ltil
a
ye
r
S
u
b
st
r
a
te
A
p
p
r
o
a
ch
e
s t
o
I
m
p
r
o
ve
A
r
r
a
y A
n
te
n
n
a
...
(
N.Cha
te
r
)
2595
4
.
Co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
An
d
Dis
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
T
h
e
p
r
e
viou
s
s
e
ctio
n
s
p
r
e
se
n
t
d
iffe
r
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
sition
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
ve
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
ch
a
r
a
cte
r
istics
u
sing
m
u
ltil
a
y
e
r
su
b
str
a
te
t
e
ch
n
iqu
e
.
T
h
e
d
e
sign
a
n
d
sim
u
lat
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
e
r
A
DS
to
o
l.
T
a
b
le
3
co
m
p
a
r
e
s
th
e
d
if
fe
r
e
n
t
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts
r
e
lat
e
d
t
o
th
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
th
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
fo
r
th
e
b
a
sic
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
a
lso
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
sition
o
f
m
u
lti
laye
r
su
b
s
tr
a
t
e
te
ch
n
iqu
e
.
T
a
b
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ison
b
e
tw
e
e
n
Diffe
r
e
n
t
P
r
o
p
o
sition
s
D
e
si
g
n
Ga
i
n
(
d
B
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
th
(
M
H
z)
B
a
si
c
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
6
.1
1
160
F
R
4
la
ye
r
+
a
i
r
g
a
p
+
F
R
4
la
y
e
r
1
6
.6
2
440
FR
-
4
la
ye
r
+
f
o
a
m
+
F
R
4
la
y
e
r
1
6
.5
428
F
R
4
la
ye
r
+
fo
a
m
1
6
.1
7
375
T
h
r
e
e
d
ispo
sition
s
we
r
e
inve
stig
a
te
d
.
T
h
e
fir
st
o
n
e
co
n
sists
o
f
u
sing
two
F
R
-
4
laye
r
s
sp
a
ce
d
b
y
V
ias
m
a
d
e
o
f
T
e
flo
n
,
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
o
n
e
co
n
sists
o
f
u
si
n
g
2
F
R
-
4
laye
r
s
se
p
a
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
a
laye
r
o
f
fo
a
m
a
n
d
th
e
th
i
r
d
o
n
e
co
n
sists
o
n
u
sing
a
sing
le
laye
r
o
f
F
R
-
4
su
p
e
r
p
o
se
d
o
n
a
f
o
a
m
laye
r
.
A
m
o
n
g
th
e
se
p
r
o
p
o
sitio
n
s
,
th
e
o
p
tim
i
ze
d
te
ch
n
i
q
u
e
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
a
n
d
ind
u
str
ial
p
r
o
ce
ss
is
th
e
th
ir
d
o
n
e
.
F
r
o
m
T
a
b
l
e
3
,
we
c
a
n
n
o
tice
th
a
t
th
e
g
a
in
a
n
d
th
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
va
lue
s
r
e
m
a
in
a
lm
o
s
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
fo
r
a
ll
th
e
th
r
e
e
p
r
o
p
o
sitio
n
s
since
th
e
d
iffe
r
e
n
ce
co
u
ld
b
e
n
e
g
lect
e
d
.
In
g
e
n
e
r
a
l,
t
h
e
g
a
in
h
a
s
im
p
r
o
ve
d
b
y
1
0
d
B
a
n
d
th
e
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
h
a
s
incr
e
a
se
d
b
y
m
inim
u
m
o
f
2
1
5
M
Hz.
T
o
su
m
u
p
,
fo
r
a
ll
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
e
s,
g
o
o
d
r
e
su
lt
s
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
g
a
in
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
wer
e
o
b
ta
ine
d
wi
th
sm
a
ll
d
iffe
r
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
m
e
a
n
w
h
il
e
,
th
e
th
ir
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
a
n
o
p
ti
m
ized
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s.
T
h
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
e
vide
n
ce
s
e
e
m
s
to
su
g
g
e
st
th
a
t
th
e
b
e
st
d
ispo
sitio
n
to
b
e
a
d
o
p
te
d
is
th
e
th
ir
d
o
n
e
which
co
n
sists
o
f
u
si
n
g
a
l
a
ye
r
o
f
F
R4
su
p
e
r
p
o
s
e
d
o
n
a
laye
r
o
f
f
o
a
m
.
Neve
r
th
e
less,
in
th
e
th
ir
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
,
S
1
1
p
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
is
e
q
u
a
l
to
-
1
1
d
B
a
t
r
e
so
n
a
n
ce
fr
e
q
u
e
n
cy.
T
h
is
va
lue
is
less
th
a
n
-
10
d
B
which
e
n
su
r
e
s
th
e
r
e
so
n
a
n
ce
.
N
e
ve
r
th
e
less,
it
is
p
r
e
fe
r
a
b
le
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
is
va
lue
to
e
n
su
r
e
th
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
ce
a
ft
e
r
th
e
r
e
a
li
za
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
str
u
ct
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
v
a
lue
co
u
ld
b
e
e
xp
lain
e
d
b
y
th
e
fa
ct
th
a
t
a
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
th
e
d
yn
a
m
ic
p
e
r
m
ittivity
a
s
ca
lcula
te
d
in
e
a
ch
p
r
o
p
o
sition
,
r
e
su
lts
in
a
n
u
p
wa
r
d
sh
ift
in
th
e
r
e
so
n
a
n
ce
fr
e
q
u
e
n
cy.
T
h
is
fla
w
wi
ll
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
a
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k.
5
.
Co
n
c
lu
s
i
o
n
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
th
e
m
u
ltil
a
y
e
r
su
b
st
r
a
te
te
ch
n
iqu
e
was
a
p
p
li
e
d
o
n
a
m
icr
o
st
r
ip
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
its
ch
a
r
a
cte
r
isti
cs.
Di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
e
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
b
y
t
a
king
int
o
co
n
side
r
a
tio
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
su
b
st
r
a
te
m
a
te
r
ial.
T
h
e
fir
s
t
se
ctio
n
d
e
scr
ibe
d
b
r
ief
ly
th
e
b
a
sic
a
r
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
its
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts.
A
th
e
o
r
e
tica
l
se
ctio
n
il
lust
r
a
te
d
th
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
o
f
ch
o
o
sing
th
e
m
u
ltil
a
y
e
r
su
b
s
tr
a
te
te
c
h
n
iqu
e
a
n
d
h
igh
li
g
h
te
d
th
e
b
e
n
e
fits
o
f
u
sing
a
laye
r
wi
th
d
iele
c
tr
ic
co
n
sta
n
t
clos
e
to
1
.
T
h
e
se
c
o
n
d
se
ctio
n
inv
e
stig
a
te
d
t
h
e
fir
st
p
r
o
p
o
sition
o
f
m
u
ltil
a
ye
r
s
u
b
str
a
te
which
c
o
n
s
iste
d
o
f
two
FR
-
4
laye
r
s
se
p
a
r
a
te
d
b
y
a
ir
g
a
p
a
n
d
u
sing
vias
a
s
sp
a
ce
r
s.
T
h
e
th
i
r
d
se
ctio
n
d
e
sc
r
ibe
d
th
e
se
co
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
sition
which
co
n
sist
e
d
a
lso
o
f
two
FR
-
4
laye
r
s
but
s
e
p
a
r
a
te
d
th
is tim
e
b
y
a
fo
a
m
d
iele
ctr
ic. T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
se
ctio
n
d
e
scr
ibe
d
th
e
last
p
r
o
p
o
sitio
n
which
co
n
sist
e
d
o
f
u
si
n
g
o
n
l
y
a
sing
le
FR
-
4
laye
r
s
u
p
e
r
p
o
se
d
o
n
a
d
iele
ctr
ic
fo
a
m
.
T
h
e
sim
u
lat
ion
r
e
su
lts
o
f
a
ll
th
e
se
p
r
o
p
o
sition
s
h
a
ve
b
e
e
n
p
r
e
s
e
n
te
d
a
n
d
a
co
m
p
a
r
ison
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
il
lust
r
a
t
e
d
.
W
e
d
e
cide
d
to
co
n
side
r
th
e
last
p
r
o
p
o
si
tio
n
since
it
u
se
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
laye
r
s
while
ke
e
p
ing
a
l
m
o
st
th
e
sa
m
e
sim
u
la
tio
n
r
e
su
lts
a
s
th
e
p
r
e
viou
s
m
e
th
o
d
s.
T
h
e
inco
n
ve
n
ien
c
e
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
siti
o
n
was
th
e
r
e
tu
r
n
loss
S
1
1
=
-
11
d
B
which
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
t
o
g
e
t
b
e
t
te
r
r
e
so
n
a
n
ce
.
Ref
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
[
1]
.
Pay
ne,
C
raig
M
.
,
ed
.
Prin
c
iples
of
nav
al
w
eapon
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
N
a
v
al
I
ns
t
it
u
t
e
Pre
s
s
,
2006
.
[
2]
.
C
hat
er,
N
.
,
T
.
M
a
z
ri,
and
M
.
Benbrahi
m
.
D
e
s
ign
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
ion
o
f
m
i
c
ros
t
rip
pa
t
c
h
arra
y
an
t
enna
f
or
elec
t
ro
nic
s
c
anning
R
adar
applic
a
t
ion
.
In
W
ireles
s
T
ec
hnologies
,
Em
bedded
and
I
nt
elligen
t
S
y
s
t
em
s
(W
I
T
S)
,
20
17
I
n
t
ernat
ional
C
on
f
erenc
e
on.
I
EEE
.
2
017
:
1
-
5.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
V
o
l.
16
,
No.
6
,
Dece
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
:
258
8
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259
6
2596
[
3]
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Vijay
alax
m
i
,
S
.
W
.
,
and
A
.
Sreeniv
a
s
an.
D
es
ign
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
ion
of
ir
c
ular
M
ic
ros
t
rip
pat
c
h
ant
enna
.
In
I
nno
v
at
i
v
e
M
e
c
hanis
m
s
f
or
I
ndus
t
ry
Appli
c
at
io
ns
(
I
C
I
M
I
A),
2017
I
nt
erna
t
ional
C
onf
eren
c
e
on
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I
EEE,
2017
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[
4]
.
Lak
rit
,
Souf
ian
,
H
as
s
an
A
m
m
or
,
Souf
iane
M
at
ah
,
R
adouane
Karli,
Adil
Saadi
,
J
aouad
T
erhz
a
z
,
an
d
Abdelw
ahed
T
ribak
.
A
ne
w
s
m
all
high
-
gain
w
ideba
nd
rec
t
angular
pa
t
c
h
an
t
enna
f
or
X
and
Ku
band
s
a
pplic
at
ions
.
J
ournal
o
f
T
aibah
U
niv
er
s
it
y
f
or
S
c
ien
c
e
12.
2018
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[
5]
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Gao,
Xuey
i,
Yihong
Qi,
and
Yong
-
C
hang
J
iao
.
D
e
s
ign
of
m
ul
t
iplat
e
ba
c
k
-
re
f
lec
t
or
f
or
a
w
ideband
s
lo
t
ant
enna.
I
EEE
An
t
ennas
and
W
ireles
s
Propagat
ion
Let
t
er
s
12
.
2013
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773
-
776
.
[
6]
.
Ge,
Lei,
and
K
w
ai
M
an
Luk
.
A
lo
w
-
prof
ile
m
agne
t
o
-
elec
t
ri
c
dipole
an
t
enna.
I
EEE
T
rans
ac
t
ions
on
Ant
ennas
and
Propagat
ion
60
.
2012;
4
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1684
-
1689
.
[
7]
.
R
ao,
Qinjiang,
T
a
y
eb
A
.
D
enidni
,
and
R
on
ald
H
.
J
ohns
t
on.
D
ielec
t
ri
c
ref
le
c
t
or
bac
k
e
d
apert
ure
-
c
oupled
ant
enna
s
f
or
redu
c
ed
bac
k
r
adiat
ion.
I
EEE
t
rans
a
c
t
ion
s
on
elec
t
rom
agne
t
ic
c
om
pat
ibili
t
y
48,
2006
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2
:
287
-
291.
[
8]
.
Sant
os
a,
C
ahy
a
Edi,
J
os
apha
t
T
e
t
uk
o
Sri
Sum
ant
y
o,
Ka
t
ia
U
ra
t
a,
M
ing
Yam
C
hua
,
Koic
hi
I
t
o
,
an
d
St
ev
en
Gao.
D
e
v
elopm
ent
o
f
a
Low
Prof
ile
W
ide
-
Bandw
i
dt
h
C
ir
c
ularly
Polariz
ed
M
i
c
ros
t
rip
An
t
enna
f
or
C
-
Band
Airborne
C
P
-
SAR
Sens
or
.
Progre
s
s
I
n
Elec
t
rom
agne
t
ic
s
R
es
ear
c
h
81
.
2018
:
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88.
[
9]
.
M
ek
k
i
,
An
w
er
Sabah,
M
ohd
N
i
z
ar
H
a
m
idon,
Aly
ani
I
s
m
ail
,
and
Ada
m
R
H
Alha
w
ari.
"Gain
enhanc
em
ent
o
f
a
m
i
c
ros
t
rip
pat
c
h
an
t
enna
us
ing
a
ref
le
c
t
ing
la
y
er.
I
nt
erna
t
ional
J
ournal
of
An
t
ennas
and
Propagat
ion
.
2015
.
[
10]
.
Singh,
Sur
y
a
Se
v
ak
,
and
Shee
t
al
R
.
Bhujade
.
D
e
s
ign
and
ev
alua
t
ion
of
high
gain
m
ic
ro
s
t
rip
pa
t
c
h
ant
enna
u
s
ing
double
lay
er
w
i
t
h
air
gap
.
I
nt
erna
t
i
onal
J
ournal
on
R
ec
en
t
and
I
nnov
a
t
ion
T
rends
in
C
om
put
ing
and
C
om
m
unic
a
t
ion
3
.
2015
;
3:
1678
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1
681.
[
11]
.
Lee,
K
ai
-
F
ong
,
K
.
H
o,
and
J
.
D
ahele
.
C
irc
ular
-
dis
k
m
i
c
ros
t
rip
an
t
enna
w
i
t
h
an
air
gap.
I
EE
E
T
rans
ac
t
ions
on
An
t
ennas
and
Propagat
ion
32.
19
84
; 8
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884.
[
12]
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Abboud
,
F
.
,
J
.
P.
D
a
m
iano,
and
A
.
Papierni
k
.
A
new
m
odel
f
or
c
alc
ula
t
ing
t
he
inpu
t
i
m
pedanc
e
of
c
oax
-
f
ed
c
ir
c
ular
m
i
c
ros
t
rip
an
t
e
nnas
w
it
h
and
w
it
h
out
air
gaps
.
I
EEE
T
rans
ac
t
ions
on
Ant
enna
s
an
d
Propagat
ion
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[
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.
C
hat
er,
N
adia
,
T
o
m
ader
M
a
z
ri,
and
M
oha
m
m
ed
Benbrahim
.
Array
an
t
enna
c
harac
t
eri
s
t
i
c
s
enhanc
em
ent
f
or
ele
c
t
roni
c
s
c
anning
radar
appli
c
a
t
ion:
Para
s
it
i
c
pat
c
hes
and
m
ul
t
i
lay
er
t
e
c
hniques
.
In
I
n
t
elligent
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
and
C
om
pu
t
er
Vi
s
ion
(
I
S
C
V),
2018
I
n
t
ern
at
ional
C
on
f
erenc
e
on,
I
EEE
,
2018:
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[
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.
Bor,
J
ona
t
han,
Oliv
ier
Laf
ond
,
H
erv
é
M
erle
t
,
Phili
ppe
Le
Bars
,
and
M
oha
m
ed
H
im
di
.
T
ec
hnologi
c
al
proc
es
s
t
o
c
on
t
rol
t
he
f
oa
m
dielec
t
ric
c
on
s
t
a
nt
applic
a
t
ion
t
o
m
i
c
row
a
v
e
c
om
ponent
s
and
ant
ennas
.
I
EEE
T
rans
a
c
t
ion
s
on
C
o
m
ponent
s
,
Pac
k
aging
and
M
anuf
ac
t
uring
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e
c
hnology
4
.
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[
15]
.
Anguera,
J
au
m
e,
J
ean
Pierre
D
aniel,
C
arm
en
Borj
a,
J
o
s
ep
M
u
m
bru,
C
arle
s
Puent
e
,
T
iphaine
Leduc
,
Khalid
Say
egrih
,
and
Pe
t
er
Van
R
oy
.
M
e
t
alliz
ed
f
oam
s
f
or
ant
enna
des
ign
:
applic
a
t
ion
t
o
f
ra
c
t
al
-
s
haped
s
ierpin
s
k
i
-
c
arpet
m
onopole
.
Progre
s
s
I
n
El
ec
t
rom
agne
t
ic
s
R
es
ear
c
h
104
.
2010
:
239
-
251
.
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