T
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L
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M
NIK
A
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ol
.
17
,
No.
4,
A
ug
us
t
20
1
9,
p
p.1
61
5
~
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Decr
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No: 2
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K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
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(E
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Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
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t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
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s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
E
ne
r
g
y
ha
r
v
es
t
i
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r
e
l
a
y
ne
twork
,
w
hi
c
h
us
es
a
r
ad
i
o
f
r
eq
ue
nc
y
(
RF
)
s
i
gn
a
l
f
or
w
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es
s
po
w
er
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an
s
f
er,
ha
s
att
r
ac
t
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m
uc
h
att
e
nti
on
be
c
a
us
e
of
pro
l
on
gi
ng
t
he
l
i
f
eti
m
e
of
a
wi
r
e
l
es
s
ne
t
w
ork
.
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hi
s
s
ol
uti
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ba
s
ed
on
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e
f
ac
t
tha
t
RF
s
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gn
al
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an
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arr
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t
h
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er
g
y
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nd
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nf
orm
ati
on
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i
m
ul
tan
eo
us
l
y
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nd
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ep
l
ac
e
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ec
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arge
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tte
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es
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nc
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s
a
hi
g
h
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os
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d
c
a
n
be
i
n
c
on
v
e
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en
t
or
ha
z
ardo
us
(
e.g
.,
i
n
tox
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r
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m
en
ts
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gh
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de
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g.,
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en
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ors
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tr
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an
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i
nn
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t
ha
s
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s
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s
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s
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s
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al
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s
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O
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m
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r
-
w
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e
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om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
ns
,
a
nd
the
ad
v
an
c
em
en
ts
i
n
l
o
w
po
w
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tr
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i
c
s
s
i
gn
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f
i
c
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ag
at
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o
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d
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hi
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m
u
c
h h
i
g
he
r
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
en
erg
y
c
o
ns
um
pti
on
[
1
-
5].
Fr
om
th
at
po
i
nt
of
v
i
e
w
,
ha
s
a
h
i
gh
p
ote
nti
al
t
o
be
wi
d
el
y
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m
pl
em
en
ted
i
n
the
n
ex
t
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ge
n
erati
on
w
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r
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l
es
s
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
o
n
s
y
s
t
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m
s
.
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l
as
t
de
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ad
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an
y
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s
f
oc
us
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on
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e
W
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s
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.
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uc
h
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s
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om
e
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pe
r
s
pres
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s
i
n
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oo
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es
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ne
t
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s
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y
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a
y
s
y
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tem
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f
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erenc
e
be
t
w
e
en
th
e
e
ne
r
g
y
tr
a
ns
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er
an
d
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nf
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m
ati
on
r
ate
s
to
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d
e
th
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op
t
i
m
al
s
ou
r
c
e
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nd
r
el
a
y
pr
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od
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ng
.
In
th
e
l
i
t
erature
of
the
oth
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,
the
au
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ho
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n
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nf
or
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ati
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d
po
w
er
tr
an
s
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er
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th
a
du
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ho
p
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ne
l
w
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n
en
erg
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h
arv
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t
i
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g
r
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ay
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
tr
ate
g
y
de
p
en
ds
on
th
e
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
the
s
ec
on
d
l
i
nk
.
In
the
s
e
pre
v
i
ou
s
p
ap
ers
,
th
e
au
t
ho
r
s
on
l
y
f
oc
us
ed
on
the
W
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CNs
by
us
i
ng
o
nl
y
t
he
Ra
y
l
ei
g
h
f
ad
i
n
g
c
ha
nn
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l
s
or
on
l
y
Ri
c
i
a
n
f
ad
i
ng
c
ha
nn
e
l
[6
-
12
].
F
or
th
i
s
n
e
w
m
od
el
,
th
e
q
ue
s
ti
on
of
s
y
s
tem
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or
m
an
c
e
i
s
s
t
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s
ne
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es
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ate
,
a
nd
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i
s
i
s
t
he
a
i
m
of
ou
r
pa
pe
r
.
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th
i
s
pa
p
er,
the
s
y
s
tem
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or
m
an
c
e
an
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
61
5
-
1
6
24
1616
am
pl
i
f
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er
-
and
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f
orw
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at
t
he
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d
th
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m
e
s
pl
i
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(
P
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)
pro
toc
ol
.
A
l
l
t
he
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
c
ha
nn
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s
are
the
R
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o
n
s
i
g
na
l
.
F
i
r
s
tl
y
,
w
e
pe
r
f
or
m
the
an
al
y
t
i
c
al
m
ath
em
ati
c
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
f
or
d
eri
v
i
ng
t
he
i
nt
eg
r
a
l
c
l
os
ed
-
f
or
m
ex
pres
s
i
on
of
the
ou
ta
ge
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
the
ergo
di
c
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
.
T
he
n,
th
e
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
the
s
y
s
t
e
m
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
c
an
b
e
c
on
v
i
nc
ed
b
y
M
on
t
e
-
Car
l
o
s
i
m
ul
at
i
o
n
wi
th
he
l
p
i
ng
Ma
t
La
b
s
of
t
w
are
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
th
e
nu
m
eric
al
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
i
de
s
prac
t
i
c
al
i
n
s
i
gh
ts
i
nto
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
of
v
ario
us
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
on
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
of
the
propos
ed
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
he
m
ai
n
c
on
tr
i
bu
t
i
o
ns
of
the
pa
pe
r
are s
um
m
ariz
e
d a
s
f
ol
l
o
w
s
:
-
P
r
op
os
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
od
el
of
the
ha
l
f
-
du
p
l
ex
en
er
g
y
ha
r
v
es
ti
ng
r
e
l
a
y
ne
t
wor
k
f
or
the
am
pl
i
f
i
er
-
and
-
f
orw
ard
the
h
al
f
-
du
pl
ex
en
er
g
y
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g
r
el
a
y
n
et
w
ork
m
od
es
at
t
he
he
l
p
i
n
g
r
el
a
y
i
n t
h
e P
S
pr
oto
c
o
l
.
-
Der
i
v
e
the
i
nt
eg
r
a
l
c
l
os
ed
-
f
orm
ex
pres
s
i
on
s
of
the
ou
t
ag
e
pro
ba
b
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
ergo
di
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
of
the
pro
po
s
e
d s
y
s
tem
i
n t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
i
z
e
an
d
no
n
-
m
ax
i
m
i
z
e c
as
es
.
-
T
he
i
m
pa
c
t
of
the
m
ai
n
s
y
s
tem
pa
r
a
m
ete
r
s
on
the
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
i
s
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
t
ed
wi
t
h
the
M
on
t
e Ca
r
l
o s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
.
T
he
r
es
t
of
th
i
s
pa
p
er
i
s
o
r
ga
ni
z
e
d
as
f
ol
l
o
w
s
.
S
ec
t
i
o
n
2
d
es
c
r
i
be
s
t
he
s
y
s
tem
m
od
e
l
an
d
th
e
E
H
protoc
o
l
tha
t
i
s
us
ed
i
n
th
i
s
pa
p
er.
S
ec
t
i
on
3
pro
v
i
de
s
the
de
t
ai
l
ed
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
the
s
y
s
t
em
. T
he
nu
m
eric
al
r
es
ul
ts
to
v
al
i
d
at
e
the
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
are
pres
en
t
e
d
i
n
s
ec
ti
on
4.
F
i
na
l
l
y
, c
o
nc
l
us
i
on
s
are
dra
wn
i
n
s
ec
ti
o
n 5
.
2.
S
ys
t
em M
o
d
el
In
thi
s
s
ec
ti
o
n,
w
e
c
on
s
i
d
e
r
a
ha
l
f
-
du
pl
ex
(
HD)
r
el
a
y
i
ng
ne
t
wor
k
w
i
th
on
e
s
o
urc
e,
on
e
de
s
ti
n
ati
on
an
d
o
ne
r
el
a
y
as
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
L
et
d
en
o
te
t
he
s
ou
r
c
e
i
s
D,
the
r
e
l
a
y
i
s
R,
an
d
t
he
de
s
ti
na
t
i
on
i
s
D.
In
the
propos
e
d
m
od
el
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1
,
ev
er
y
no
d
e
h
as
on
l
y
on
e
an
t
en
n
a
an
d
op
era
tes
i
n
a
ha
l
f
-
du
pl
ex
m
od
e.
T
he
n
w
e
de
n
ote
t
he
c
ha
nn
e
l
g
ai
n
b
et
w
e
en
S
no
d
e
a
nd
t
he
r
el
a
y
R
as
h
,
a
nd
be
t
wee
n
R
no
de
an
d
D
n
od
e
as
g.
Her
e,
bo
t
h
c
h
an
n
el
s
are
as
s
u
m
ed
Ri
c
i
an
f
ad
i
ng
c
h
an
n
el
s
. T
hroug
ho
ut
th
i
s
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
th
e f
ol
l
o
w
i
n
g a
s
s
um
pti
on
s
are pr
op
os
e
d
:
-
T
he
s
ou
r
c
e
no
d
e
c
an
no
t
di
r
ec
tl
y
tr
an
s
f
er
en
erg
y
an
d
i
nf
or
m
ati
on
t
o
th
e
d
es
ti
na
ti
on
no
d
e
be
c
au
s
e
of
the
weak
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
l
i
ne
.
T
he
n
t
he
s
e
proc
es
s
es
are
on
l
y
pe
r
f
orm
e
d
b
y
h
el
p
i
n
g
of
an
i
n
term
ed
i
ate
r
e
l
a
y
.
-
T
he
i
nte
r
m
ed
i
ate
r
e
l
a
y
i
s
an
en
erg
y
-
c
o
ns
tr
ai
n
ed
no
d
e.
It
f
i
r
s
t
ha
r
v
es
ts
en
erg
y
f
r
o
m
the
S
no
de
an
d
us
es
th
i
s
ha
r
v
es
ted
e
ne
r
g
y
f
or
tr
an
s
m
i
tti
ng
th
e
s
ou
r
c
e
i
nf
o
r
m
ati
on
to
the
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
.
-
It
i
s
as
s
um
ed
tha
t
the
proc
es
s
i
ng
po
wer
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
b
y
t
he
tr
an
s
m
i
t/rec
ei
v
e
c
i
r
c
ui
tr
y
at
the
r
el
a
y
i
s
ne
gl
i
gi
bl
e
as
c
om
pa
r
ed
to
t
he
po
w
er
us
ed
f
or
s
i
gn
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
f
r
o
m
the
r
el
a
y
to
the
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
.
-
W
e
ha
v
e
as
s
um
ed
pe
r
f
ec
t
c
ha
nn
el
k
no
w
l
ed
g
e
a
t
th
e
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n
a
nd
as
s
um
e
d
ne
gl
i
g
i
bl
e
ov
erh
ea
d
f
or
pi
l
ot
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
i
n
l
i
n
e
wi
t
h
t
he
pre
v
i
ou
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
thi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h f
i
el
d
[3]
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
s
th
e
e
ne
r
g
y
h
arv
es
ti
n
g
an
d
i
nf
or
m
ati
on
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
proc
es
s
es
i
n
th
e
propos
e
d
s
y
s
tem
.
In
w
h
i
c
h,
T
de
no
tes
th
e
bl
oc
k
ti
m
e
o
f
al
l
proc
es
s
es
.
Her
e,
the
S
no
de
tr
an
s
f
ers
the
e
ne
r
g
y
an
d
i
n
f
or
m
ati
on
to
th
e
R
n
od
e
i
n
the
f
i
r
s
t
ha
l
f
-
i
nt
erv
a
l
ti
m
e
T
/2
.
I
n
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
ha
l
f
-
i
nte
r
v
a
l
ti
m
e
T
/2
,
the
e
ne
r
g
y
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g
ti
m
e
i
s
ρT
an
d
th
e
i
nf
orm
ati
on
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
ti
m
e
i
s
(1
-
ρ
)
T
/2
,
whi
c
h
ρ
i
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
pl
i
tt
i
n
g
f
ac
tor
an
d
0
<
ρ
<
1
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
t
he
R
n
od
e
tr
an
s
f
ers
the
i
nf
orm
ati
on
f
r
o
m
th
e S
n
od
e t
o t
he
D
no
de
i
n t
he
r
em
ai
ni
ng
ha
l
f
-
i
nt
erv
a
l
t
i
m
e
T
/2
[13
-
19
].
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
m
od
el
SR
h
RD
h
1
d
2
d
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on tr
a
ns
m
is
s
ion
E
ne
r
gy h
a
r
ve
s
t
i
ng
(
EH
)
S
ou
r
c
e
Re
l
ay
De
s
t
i
n
at
i
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
E
ne
r
gy
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g h
al
f
-
d
up
l
ex
A
F
p
ower s
pl
i
tt
i
n
g p
r
ot
o
c
ol
r
el
ay
ne
t
wor
k
...
(
P
hu
Tr
an
Ti
n
)
1617
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
he
en
erg
y
ha
r
v
e
s
ti
ng
an
d
i
nf
orm
ati
on
proc
e
s
s
i
ng
i
n t
h
e p
r
o
po
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
3.
S
ys
t
em
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
A
n
al
y
si
s
In
th
i
s
pa
p
er,
w
e
c
o
ns
i
d
er
a
r
el
a
y
i
ng
ne
t
wor
k
s
y
s
tem
,
where
ea
c
h
term
i
na
l
op
erates
i
n
ha
l
f
-
du
p
l
ex
m
od
e
an
d
h
as
a
s
i
n
gl
e
an
te
nn
a
.
T
he
t
wo
no
de
s
S
an
d
D
c
om
m
un
i
c
ate
wi
th
ea
c
h
oth
er
v
i
a
t
he
he
l
p
of
r
el
a
y
R
ov
er
Ri
c
i
an
f
ad
i
ng
c
ha
nn
e
l
s
.
T
he
r
e
i
s
no
di
r
ec
t
pa
th
b
et
w
e
en
S
an
d
D
,
th
e
am
pl
i
f
i
er
-
and
-
f
orw
ard
m
o
de
s
is
pr
op
os
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
m
od
el
[
19
-
26]
.
I
n
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
i
nte
r
v
al
ti
m
e,
the
r
ec
ei
v
e
d s
i
g
na
l
at
the
r
e
l
a
y
c
an
be
f
orm
ul
ate
d
b
y
t
he
(
1):
1
1
(
1
)
r
s
r
s
r
y
h
x
n
d
=
−
+
(
1)
w
he
r
e:
h
sr
i
s
the
s
ou
r
c
e
t
o
r
el
a
y
c
ha
nn
e
l
g
ai
n,
d
1
i
s
t
h
e
s
ou
r
c
e
to
r
el
a
y
di
s
t
an
c
e,
i
s
th
e
pa
th
l
os
s
ex
po
n
en
t,
s
x
i
s
the
tr
a
ns
m
i
tte
d
s
i
gn
a
l
at
t
he
s
ou
r
c
e,
n
r
i
s
the
ad
d
i
t
i
v
e
w
h
i
te
G
a
us
s
i
an
n
oi
s
e
(
A
W
G
N)
w
i
t
h
v
ar
i
an
c
e
N
0
,
01
i
s
po
wer
s
pl
i
t
ti
ng
r
ati
o
at
the
r
e
l
a
y
no
de
,
2
ss
xP
=
,
•
:
ex
p
ec
tat
i
on
op
erator,
P
s
i
s
a
v
era
ge
tr
an
s
m
i
t
po
wer
at
the
s
ou
r
c
e.
T
he
ha
r
v
es
te
d p
o
w
er a
t th
e
r
el
a
y
c
an
be
ob
t
ai
n
ed
as
:
22
1
1
1
(
/
2
)
(
/
2
)
(
/
2
)
s
s
r
s
s
r
h
r
P
h
T
P
h
E
P
d
T
d
T
d
=
=
=
(
2)
where
01
i
s
en
erg
y
c
on
v
ers
i
o
n
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
.
T
he
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
gn
a
l
at
t
he
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
c
an
be
gi
v
en
b
y
the
f
ol
l
o
wi
ng
:
2
1
d
r
d
r
d
y
h
x
n
d
=+
(
3)
Her
e
w
e
de
n
ote
2
rr
xP
=
,
an
d
h
rd
i
s
the
r
el
a
y
to
d
es
ti
n
ati
on
c
ha
nn
el
ga
i
n,
d
2
i
s
th
e
s
ou
r
c
e
to
r
e
l
a
y
d
i
s
tan
c
e
,
n
d
i
s
th
e
A
W
G
N
w
i
t
h
v
aria
n
c
e
N
0
.
In
th
e
A
F
protoc
ol
,
t
he
tr
a
ns
m
i
tte
d
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
s
i
gn
a
l
at
the
r
el
a
y
ha
s
a
r
e
l
at
i
o
ns
hi
p
t
hro
ug
h
the
am
pl
i
f
y
i
ng
f
ac
tor
,
s
o
c
an
be
ex
pres
s
ed
as
th
e (4)
:
2
0
1
(
1
)
rr
r
s
sr
xP
y
Ph
N
d
==
−
+
(
4)
b
y
s
u
bs
ti
tu
ti
n
g
(
1), (
4)
i
nto
t
he
(
3),
we h
a
v
e
:
2
1
1
2
2
(
1
)
1
1
1
(
1
)
d
r
d
s
r
s
r
d
r
d
s
r
s
r
d
r
d
s
ig
n
a
l
n
o
is
e
y
h
h
x
n
n
h
h
x
h
n
n
d
d
d
d
d
−
=
−
+
+
=
+
+
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
(
5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
61
5
-
1
6
24
1618
t
he
e
nd
t
o e
nd
s
i
gn
a
l
to
no
i
s
e rati
o (
S
NR)
c
an
be
c
a
l
c
u
l
ate
d a
s
:
22
2
2
12
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
(
1
)
s
r
r
d
s
ee
rd
h
h
P
si
g
n
a
l
dd
hN
n
o
is
e
N
d
−
==
+
(
6)
S
ub
s
t
i
tut
i
ng
(
2)
i
nto
(
6),
a
n
d
af
ter
do
i
n
g
s
om
e
al
ge
bra
an
d
us
i
ng
th
e
f
ac
t
tha
t
N
0
<
<
P
r
,
s
o
the
e
nd
t
o e
nd
S
NR c
a
n b
e
ob
ta
i
n
ed
as
:
22
2
2
12
(
1
)
(
1
)
s
r
r
d
ee
rd
hh
h
d
d
−
=
+−
(
7)
h
ere
we
de
no
te
0
/
s
PN
=
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
th
e
erg
od
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
of
S
-
D
l
i
nk
c
an
be
c
a
l
c
ul
a
ted
as
t
he
f
ol
l
o
wi
ng
:
22
,
2
2
2
2
12
(
1
)
11
l
o
g
(
1
)
l
o
g
1
22
(
1
)
s
r
r
d
s
d
e
e
rd
hh
C
h
d
d
−
=
+
=
+
+−
(
8)
Rem
ar
k
In
th
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
wi
l
l
c
o
ns
i
de
r
t
ha
t
h
sr
an
d
h
rd
be
l
o
ng
to
Ri
c
i
an
f
ad
i
ng
c
h
an
n
el
a
nd
the
y
h
av
e
a
r
an
do
m
di
s
tr
i
bu
t
i
o
n.
T
he
n
the
pro
ba
b
i
l
i
t
y
de
ns
i
t
y
f
un
c
ti
on
(
P
DF
)
of
a
r
an
do
m
v
ari
ab
l
e (R
V
)
i
w
he
r
e i
=
1
an
d
2 c
an
be
f
orm
ul
ate
d
as
i
n
[1
3]
.
W
he
r
e
22
12
,
sr
rd
hh
==
:
2
0
()
()
(
!
)
i
i
l
bx
l
i
i
l
bK
f
x
a
x
e
l
−
=
=
(
9)
w
he
r
e
(
1
)
1
,
K
ii
ii
K
e
K
ab
−
++
==
,
i
i
s
th
e
m
ea
n
v
al
u
e
of
RV
i
w
h
i
c
h
i
=1
an
d
2
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
an
d
22
12
12
,
sr
rd
mm
hh
dd
==
,
K
i
s
t
he
Ri
c
i
an
K
-
f
ac
tor
de
f
i
n
ed
as
t
he
r
ati
o
of
t
he
po
wer
of
th
e
l
i
n
e
-
of
-
s
i
gh
t
(
LO
S
)
c
om
po
ne
nt
to
t
he
s
c
att
ere
d
c
om
po
ne
nts
an
d
(
)
0
I
•
i
s
the
z
ero
-
th
order
m
od
i
f
i
ed
B
es
s
el
f
un
c
ti
on
of
the
f
i
r
s
t
k
i
nd
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
t
he
c
um
ul
ati
v
e
d
en
s
i
t
y
f
un
c
ti
on
(
CDF
)
of
RV
i
where
i
=
1
a
nd
2
c
an
b
e c
o
m
pu
ted
as
i
n [
13
]
.
00
0
(
)
(
)
1
!!
i
ii
ln
l
b
n
ii
ln
i
a
K
b
F
f
x
d
x
e
b
l
n
−
==
=
=
−
(
10
)
3.1
. M
ax
imiz
e
Cap
ac
it
y
In
thi
s
c
as
e,
i
t
i
s
ne
c
es
s
ar
y
to
ob
t
ai
n
t
he
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
of
ρ
f
or
bo
th
ou
ta
ge
pro
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
2
ee
an
d
erg
od
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
,
sd
C
.
T
he
f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng
v
al
u
e
of
ρ
m
ax
i
m
i
z
es
t
he
,
sd
C
S
-
D
l
i
nk
c
an
be
f
or
m
ul
ate
d
as
t
he
f
ol
l
o
wi
ng
:
*
1
2
1
1
rd
d
h
d
=
+
(
11
)
P
r
oo
f
: S
e
e t
h
e
A
pp
en
d
i
x
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
E
ne
r
gy
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g h
al
f
-
d
up
l
ex
A
F
p
ower s
pl
i
tt
i
n
g p
r
ot
o
c
ol
r
el
ay
ne
t
wor
k
...
(
P
hu
Tr
an
Ti
n
)
1619
3.2
. Non
-
ma
ximiz
e
In
the
n
on
-
m
ax
i
m
i
z
e
c
as
e,
w
e
c
a
n
f
or
m
ul
ate
the
e
r
go
di
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
an
d
t
he
o
uta
g
e
proba
bi
l
i
t
y
of
th
e S
-
D
l
i
nk
as
th
e f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng
:
2
,
0
1
(
)
1
l
n
2
1
ee
sd
F
Cd
−
=
+
(
12
)
2
22
12
2
2
1
2
12
2
1
2
1
2
(
1
)
(
1
)
(
)
Pr
Pr
(
1
)
(
1
)
(
1
)
Pr
(
1
)
ee
s
r
r
d
rd
hh
F
dd
h
d
d
dd
−
−
=
=
+−
+−
+−
=
−
(
13
)
b
y
t
he
s
i
m
i
l
ar
wa
y
as
i
n
th
e
m
ax
i
m
i
z
e c
as
e,
w
e
ha
v
e:
2
22
2
1
2
1
2
1
00
12
0
1
2
1
2
2
22
2
0
2
(
1
)
(
)
1
!
!
(
1
)
(
1
)
()
e
xp
(
1
)
(
!
)
ee
n
ln
l
ln
l
b
l
l
dd
a
a
K
b
F
b
l
n
b
d
d
bK
ed
l
==
−
=
+−
=−
−
+−
−
−
(
14
)
1
1
2
22
1
(
1
)
1
2
1
2
12
2
0
0
0
2
0
12
22
2
(
)
1
(
1
)
!
!
(
!
)
e
x
p
ee
bd
n
n
l
k
n
k
l
l
k
n
b
k
K
b
b
d
d
F
a
a
e
l
n
k
bd
ed
+−
−
−
=
=
=
−
=
−
+
−
−
(
15
)
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
(
1
)
1
2
1
2
12
2
0
0
0
0
22
0
(
)
1
(
1
)
!
(
!
)
!
(
)
!
ee
bd
n
t
t
n
l
k
n
k
ln
l
k
n
t
bd
b
kt
K
b
b
d
d
F
a
a
e
l
k
t
n
t
e
e
d
−
+−
−
−
=
=
=
=
−
−
−
=−
−
−
(
16
)
t
he
n
the
ou
t
ag
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
c
an
be
f
orm
ul
ate
d
as
:
1
1
2
2
1
1
22
(
1
)
1
2
1
12
2
0
0
0
0
1
21
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
(
)
1
2
(
1
)
!
(
!
)
!
(
)
!
2
ee
n
k
t
k
t
bd
nt
lk
ln
l
k
n
t
kt
n
k
t
kt
K
b
b
d
F
a
a
e
l
k
t
n
t
d
b
b
d
K
+
−
−
+
−
−
+
−
−
=
=
=
=
++
+
−
+
−+
=−
−
−
(
17
)
f
i
na
l
l
y
,
b
y
s
ub
s
ti
t
uti
ng
(
1
7) i
nto
(
12
)
,
w
e
al
s
o
ob
ta
i
n
,
sd
C
f
or the
S
-
D l
i
nk
.
4.
Re
sult
s a
n
d
D
isc
u
s
sio
n
In
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
o
n,
s
om
e
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
r
es
u
l
ts
are
pres
en
te
d
to
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
t
e
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
es
of
the
pro
po
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
m
od
el
.
B
ot
h
i
n
the
oret
i
c
al
an
d
M
on
te
C
arlo
s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
r
es
ul
ts
ev
al
ua
te
the
s
y
s
t
em
pe
r
f
or
m
an
c
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
T
he
c
urv
es
i
n
F
i
g
ures
3
an
d
4
c
orr
es
po
nd
to
the
ou
tag
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
ergod
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
v
ers
us
P
S
/N
0
.
In
F
i
g
ure
s
3
a
nd
4
w
e
s
et
the
m
ai
n
s
y
s
t
em
pa
r
a
m
ete
r
s
as
d
1
=
0.
65
,
d
2
=
0
.85
,
K
=
3,
η
=
0.
8,
R=
0.5
,
=
3
a
nd
λ
1
=λ
2
=
0
.5.
In
th
es
e
f
ig
ure
,
P
S
/N
0
v
ar
i
es
f
r
o
m
0
to
25
.
T
he
r
es
ul
ts
s
ho
w
th
at
the
ou
tag
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
h
as
a
de
c
r
ea
s
e
when
P
S
/N
0
i
nc
r
e
as
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
2
5
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ure
3.
In
t
he
s
am
e
w
a
y
,
F
i
g
ure
4
s
ho
w
s
t
ha
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
61
5
-
1
6
24
1620
the
er
go
d
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
i
nc
r
e
as
es
whe
n
P
S
/N
0
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
0
to
25
.
In
bo
t
h
F
i
g
ures
3
a
nd
4,
the
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
al
an
d s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n res
ul
ts
a
gree
v
er
y
wel
l
w
i
th
ea
c
h
ot
h
er.
F
i
g
ures
5
an
d
6
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
t
he
ef
f
ec
t
of
η
on
the
ou
ta
g
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
ergo
di
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
.
It
was
s
ho
w
n
tha
t
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
es
5
an
d
6
w
e
s
et
P
S
/N
0
.=
1
5
dB
,
K
=
3,
ρ
=
0.
3,
R=
0.5
,
=
3
an
d
λ
1
=λ
2
=
0.
5.
T
he
ou
ta
ge
pro
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
whi
l
e
η
i
n
c
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ure
5.
In
an
o
the
r
wa
y
,
t
he
er
go
d
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
ha
s
a
c
o
ns
i
de
r
ab
l
e
i
m
prov
em
en
t
w
h
en
η
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
6
.
F
or
c
as
es
,
the
an
al
y
ti
c
a
l
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
the
Mo
nt
e
C
arlo
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
r
es
ul
ts
are t
he
s
am
e f
or al
l
η v
al
u
es
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er,
th
e
ou
t
ag
e
probab
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
ergo
di
c
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
v
ers
us
K
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ures
7
a
nd
8,
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
S
i
m
i
l
arit
y
,
we
s
et
d
1
=d
2
=
1,
P
S
/N
0
.
=
1
0
d
B
,
η=
0.8
,
ρ=
0
.3,
R
=
0.
5,
=
3
an
d
λ
1
=λ
2
=
0.5
.
F
r
om
F
i
g
ure
7
w
e
s
e
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or
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*
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*
1
2
1
1
rd
d
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d
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1
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1
1
rd
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1
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1
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r
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ts
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eref
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1
2
1
1
rd
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h
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=
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as
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
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A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
E
ne
r
gy
ha
r
v
es
ti
n
g h
al
f
-
d
up
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ex
A
F
p
ower s
pl
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tt
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g p
r
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ay
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(
P
hu
Tr
an
Ti
n
)
1623
the
s
ol
uti
on
.
R
ep
l
ac
e
(
12
)
i
nto
(
7)
w
e
h
av
e
the
v
a
l
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o
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ou
tag
e
pro
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b
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e f
ol
l
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ng
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22
m
a
x
12
2
22
1
2
1
22
22
11
sr
rd
ee
rd
hh
dd
h
d
d
dd
==
++
(
A
1)
T
he
n e
r
go
d
i
c
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
of
th
e S
-
D
l
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nk
c
an
be
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al
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u
l
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e
d a
s
:
m
a
x
2
m
a
x
2
m
a
x
,2
00
1
(
)
1
(
)
l
o
g
(
1
)
l
n
2
1
ee
ee
sd
F
C
f
d
d
−
=
+
=
+
(
A
2)
(
)
m
a
x
2
12
m
a
x
12
2
2
21
2
2
22
2
1
2
1
22
22
1
2
2
2
22
0
(
)
P
r
P
r
1
11
P
r
|
(
)
ee
ee
F
d
d
d
dd
dd
dd
F
f
d
=
=
+
++
=
=
(
A
3)
w
he
r
e
2
21
R
=−
is
thres
ho
l
d
an
d
R
i
s
the
s
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r
c
e
r
a
te
of
the
prop
os
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
F
r
o
m
the
(
4),(
5),
we h
a
v
e
:
m
a
x
2
22
22
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
22
1
2
1
00
1
2
2
0
2
22
2
0
11
(
)
1
e
xp
!!
()
(
!
)
ee
n
ln
l
ln
l
b
l
l
dd
d
b
d
dd
a
a
K
b
F
b
l
n
bK
ed
l
==
−
=
++
=
−
−
(
A
4)
m
a
x
2
22
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
0
0
0
12
2
0
2
21
12
2
22
2
(
)
1
1
!
!
(
!
)
1
e
xp
ee
n
n
l
k
n
k
l
l
k
n
b
k
a
a
K
b
b
d
d
F
b
l
n
k
d
d
bd
d
ed
+
=
=
=
−
=
−
+
+
−
(
A
5)
f
or thi
s
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
us
e t
h
e f
ol
l
o
wi
n
g e
qu
at
i
o
ns
:
2
21
12
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
22
2
1
2
e
x
p
e
x
p
e
x
p
e
x
p
d
bd
d
b
d
d
b
d
b
d
+
−
=
−
−
−
(
A
6)
f
urther
m
ore, we a
p
pl
y
T
a
y
l
or s
erie
s
f
or
1
1
2
2
2
e
x
p
b
d
d
−
as
(
A
7)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
61
5
-
1
6
24
1624
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
/2
2
00
2
22
(
1
)
2
e
x
p
!!
mm
m
m
mm
b
d
d
b
d
d
b
d
d
mm
−
==
−−
−
=
=
(
A
7)
t
he
n
we h
av
e:
2
1
1
2
21
12
2
/2
1
2
1
1
2
0
22
2
(
1
)
1
e
x
p
e
x
p
e
x
p
!
m
m
m
m
b
d
d
d
bd
d
b
d
b
d
m
−
=
−
+
−
=
−
−
(
A
8)
No
w
b
y
a
pp
l
y
i
ng
the
eq
ua
ti
on
0
()
n
n
n
t
t
t
n
x
y
x
y
t
−
=
+=
to
(
A
5),
the
ou
t
ag
e
pr
ob
a
bi
l
i
t
y
c
an
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
as
f
ol
l
o
w:
m
a
x
2
22
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
12
2
0
1
1
2
/2
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
(
2
!
)
(
)
1
!
!
(
!
)
!
(
2
)
!
2
(
1
)
e
x
p
e
x
p
!
ee
t
n
l
k
n
k
ln
l
k
m
n
t
m
mm
b
k
a
a
K
b
b
n
d
d
F
b
l
n
k
t
n
t
d
b
d
d
b
d
b
d
ed
m
+
=
=
=
=
=
−
−
=−
−
−
−
−
2
(
A
9)
(
)
(
)
1
1
m
a
x
2
22
2
1
22
2
1
2
1
2
12
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
/
2
/
2
12
22
2
0
(
2)
(
2
!
)
(
)
1
!
!
(
!
)
!
(
2
)
!
!
e
xp
ee
m
t
n
t
m
bd
m
l
k
m
n
k
n
m
ln
n
t
m
l
k
m
n
t
nm
b
k
t
n
m
K
b
b
n
d
d
F
a
a
e
l
n
k
t
n
t
m
bd
ed
+
−
+
+
+
−
+
−
−+
=
=
=
=
=
+
−
+
−
−
−
=−
−
−
(
A
10
)
a
pp
l
y
[3.
4
71
,
9]
of
th
e
ta
b
l
e
of
i
nte
gra
l
[
15
],
the
(
A
1
0) c
an
b
e ref
or
m
ul
ate
d a
s
:
(
)
(
)
1
1
m
a
x
2
2
1
22
2
1
2
1
2
12
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(
2
)
(
2
!
)
(
)
1
2
!
!
(
!
)
!
(
2
)
!
!
2
ee
m
t
n
t
m
bd
m
l
k
m
n
k
n
m
ln
n
t
m
l
k
m
n
t
nm
k
t
n
m
k
t
n
m
K
b
b
n
d
d
F
a
a
e
l
n
k
t
n
t
m
b
d
b
b
d
K
b
+
−
+
+
+
−
+
−
−+
=
=
=
=
=
+
+
−
−
+
+
−
−
+
−
=−
−
(
A
11
)
f
i
na
l
l
y
,
the
ou
t
ag
e
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
th
e
prop
os
ed
s
y
s
t
em
c
an
b
e c
al
c
u
l
at
ed
as
:
(
)
1
1
m
a
x
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
44
2
2
1
2
1
12
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
4
4
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
(
2)
(
2
!
)
(
)
1
2
!
!
(
!
)
!
(
2
)
!
!
2
ee
n
m
k
t
k
t
n
m
mt
bd
m
l
k
ln
l
k
m
n
t
n
t
m
k
n
m
k
t
k
t
n
m
K
b
b
n
d
F
a
a
e
l
n
k
t
n
t
m
d
b
b
d
K
+
+
+
−
−
+
+
−
+
+
−
=
=
=
=
=
−
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
−
−
+
−
=−
−
(
A
12
)
i
n
(
A
12
)
()
v
K
•
i
s
the
m
od
i
f
i
ed
B
es
s
el
f
un
c
ti
o
n
of
the
s
ec
o
n
d
k
i
nd
an
d
v
th
order
b
y
s
u
b
s
ti
tut
i
ng
(
A
12
)
i
nt
o
(
A
2)
w
e
wi
l
l
ha
v
e
th
e
ex
pres
s
i
on
of
the
erg
od
i
c
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
of
the
S
-
D l
i
nk
m
a
x
,
sd
C
.
E
nd
of
P
r
oo
f
.
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