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c
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two
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k
s.
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th
is
p
ro
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o
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o
l,
a
m
u
lt
i
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a
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ten
n
a
se
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o
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ry
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e
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tt
e
m
p
ts
to
se
n
d
it
s
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a
ta
to
a
m
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lt
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a
n
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a
se
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o
n
d
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r
y
d
e
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a
ti
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ss
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e
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m
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lt
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term
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d
i
a
te
m
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lt
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-
a
n
ten
n
a
n
o
d
e
s,
in
p
re
se
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e
o
f
a
m
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lt
i
-
a
n
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n
a
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
e
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v
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ro
p
p
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A
p
rima
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two
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k
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n
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lu
d
e
s
a
p
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ima
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sm
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ter
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n
d
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p
rima
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c
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ich
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re
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ip
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e
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lt
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le
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te
n
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s,
a
n
d
u
se
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sm
it
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se
lec
ti
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(TAS
)
a
n
d
se
lec
ti
o
n
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
S
C)
t
o
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m
m
u
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e
a
c
h
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r.
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p
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ti
n
g
o
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th
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u
n
d
e
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s
p
e
c
tru
m
sh
a
ri
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
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t
h
e
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
so
u
rc
e
a
n
d
r
e
lay
n
o
d
e
s
h
a
v
e
t
o
a
d
j
u
st
th
e
ir
tran
sm
it
p
o
we
r
so
th
a
t
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
p
rima
ry
n
e
two
r
k
is
n
o
t
h
a
rm
fu
l
a
n
d
sa
ti
sfy
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
it
y
o
f
se
rv
i
c
e
(Qo
S
).
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
th
e
s
e
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
n
o
d
e
s
a
lso
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
ir
tran
sm
it
p
o
we
r
so
th
a
t
th
e
in
terc
e
p
t
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
(IP
)
a
t
th
e
e
a
v
e
sd
ro
p
p
e
r
a
t
e
a
c
h
h
o
p
is
b
e
lo
w
a
d
e
sire
d
v
a
lu
e
.
To
imp
r
ove
t
h
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
n
e
tw
o
r
k
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
jo
in
t
c
o
n
stra
in
t
o
f
IP
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
i
n
te
rfe
re
n
c
e
,
th
e
TAS
/S
C
m
e
th
o
d
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
re
lay
th
e
so
u
rc
e
d
a
ta
h
o
p
-
by
-
h
o
p
to
th
e
d
e
sti
n
a
ti
o
n
.
We
d
e
r
iv
e
d
e
x
a
c
t
c
lo
se
d
-
fo
rm
e
x
p
re
ss
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
(e
2
e
)
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
il
it
y
(OP)
a
n
d
IP
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
o
v
e
r
Ra
y
leig
h
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls.
M
o
n
te
Ca
rl
o
sim
u
latio
n
s a
re
t
h
e
n
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
t
o
v
e
rify
th
e
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
d
e
ri
v
a
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ph
y
s
ical
-
lay
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
Un
d
er
lay
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
a
d
io
Ou
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
In
ter
ce
p
t
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Du
y
-
Hu
n
g
Ha
W
ir
eles
s
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
R
esear
ch
Gr
o
u
p
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
H
o
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail:
h
ad
u
y
h
u
n
g
@
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Du
e
to
n
o
is
es,
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
an
d
m
u
lti
-
p
ath
f
a
d
in
g
,
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ic
e
(
Qo
S)
o
f
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
d
eg
r
ad
ed
.
On
e
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
is
MI
MO
(
m
u
ltip
le
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
)
[
1
-
4
]
,
wh
er
e
t
r
an
s
m
itter
s
ca
n
u
s
e
tr
an
s
m
it
d
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ity
m
eth
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d
s
(
e.
g
.
,
tr
a
n
s
m
it
an
ten
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a
s
elec
tio
n
(
T
AS)
)
,
an
d
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s
ca
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s
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th
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d
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et
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,
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s
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)
,
MRC
(
m
ax
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)
)
.
I
n
p
r
ac
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ca
s
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en
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eq
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with
m
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as
d
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s
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t
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f
s
ize.
T
h
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f
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r
e,
th
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M
I
MO
-
b
ased
d
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s
ity
tec
h
n
iq
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s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ap
p
lied
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f m
u
lti
-
h
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p
co
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MIMO
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ela
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g
n
etw
o
r
k
s
w
ith
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
45
f
o
r
s
u
ch
s
in
g
le
d
e
v
ices.
T
o
o
b
tain
d
i
v
er
s
ity
g
ain
,
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
r
el
ay
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
5
-
1
0
]
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
J
.
N.
L
an
em
an
et
a
l.
[
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
u
al
-
h
o
p
c
o
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
with
MRC
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
.
T
.
Du
y
et
a
l.
[
6
]
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
al
-
h
o
p
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
w
ar
d
(
DF)
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
with
v
ar
i
o
u
s
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
tr
ate
g
ies.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
7
]
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
a
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
r
elay
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
u
s
in
g
am
p
lif
y
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
AF)
m
eth
o
d
at
all
th
e
r
elay
s
.
I
n
[
8
]
,
a
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
DF
r
elay
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
with
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ath
-
s
elec
tio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wa
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
[
9
,
1
0
]
,
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
r
el
ay
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
was
s
tu
d
ied
,
wh
er
e
all
th
e
r
elay
s
ca
n
ex
p
lo
it
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
p
h
y
s
ical
-
lay
er
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
(
PLS)
[
1
1
-
1
5
]
h
as
g
ain
e
d
m
u
ch
atten
tio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
b
e
ca
u
s
e
PLS
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
im
p
le
b
u
t
also
ef
f
e
ctiv
e.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
o
n
ly
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
r
ad
io
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
ch
an
n
els
s
u
ch
as
d
is
tan
ce
,
ch
an
n
el
q
u
ality
,
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
o
r
jam
m
in
g
n
o
is
es)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
Fro
m
[
2
,
1
3
,
1
4
]
ev
alu
at
ed
th
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
ia
t
h
e
m
etr
ic
in
ter
ce
p
t
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
I
P)
at
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
I
P
an
d
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
OP
)
v
alu
es,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
th
e
M
I
MO
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
e
n
h
an
ce
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
d
ata
lin
k
.
B
esid
es,
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
jam
m
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
6
-
1
9
]
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
o
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
lin
k
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
jam
m
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
is
to
o
d
if
f
icu
lt
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
p
e
r
f
ec
t
in
ter
f
e
r
en
c
e
ca
n
ce
latio
n
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
an
d
h
ig
h
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
PLS
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
MI
MO
D
F
r
elay
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
in
co
g
n
i
tiv
e
r
ad
io
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
n
et
wo
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
tr
an
s
m
itter
u
s
es
T
AS
to
s
en
d
its
d
ata
to
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ec
eiv
e
r
eq
u
ip
p
e
d
with
th
e
SC
co
m
b
in
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
r
elay
n
o
d
es
h
av
e
to
ad
a
p
t
th
eir
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
s
o
th
at
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
is
g
u
ar
an
teed
,
a
n
d
I
P
at
th
e
ea
v
es
d
r
o
p
p
er
is
b
el
o
w
a
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
v
al
u
e.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
th
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
at
ea
ch
h
o
p
to
e
n
h
an
ce
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
lin
k
s
.
T
o
a
v
o
id
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
f
r
o
m
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
th
e
s
ig
n
als
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
le
h
o
p
s
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
r
an
d
o
m
ly
g
en
er
ate
co
d
e
-
b
o
o
k
[
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
w
ith
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
wo
r
k
[
2
2
]
,
all
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
es
in
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
ar
e
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
with
m
u
ltip
le
an
ten
n
as.
Un
lik
e
[
2
3
]
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
f
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
u
n
d
er
j
o
in
t
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
o
f
i
n
ter
ce
p
t
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
lim
ited
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Fo
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
,
an
ex
ac
t
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
e2
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
OP
)
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
o
v
er
R
ay
leig
h
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
els
is
d
e
r
iv
e
d
,
an
d
v
e
r
if
ied
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
v
ia
M
o
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Sectio
n
3
a
n
aly
ze
s
th
e
OP
an
d
I
P
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
es.
B
o
th
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
th
eo
r
etica
l r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
a
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es th
is
p
ap
e
r
.
2.
S
YST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
A
ND
O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
P
RI
NCIP
L
E
In
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
i
n
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
e
two
r
k
,
th
e
PT
-
an
ten
n
a
p
r
im
ar
y
t
r
an
s
m
itter
(
PT)
s
en
d
s
its
d
ata
to
th
e
PR
-
an
ten
n
a
p
r
im
a
r
y
r
ec
eiv
er
(
PR
)
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
e
two
r
k
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
0
attem
p
ts
to
s
en
d
its
d
ata
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
DF
r
elay
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
(
−
1
)
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
r
elay
s
d
en
o
te
d
b
y
,
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
−
1
.
Ass
u
m
e
th
at
(
=
1
,
.
.
.
,
)
h
as
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
as
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
as.
Nex
t,
th
er
e
ar
e
M
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tim
e
s
lo
ts
u
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
at
ea
ch
t
im
e
s
lo
t
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
q
u
ality
.
Als
o
,
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
E
with
an
ten
n
a
s
atte
m
p
ts
to
illeg
ally
o
b
tain
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
ata
at
all
th
e
tim
e
s
lo
ts
.
W
e
d
en
o
te
,
Y
as
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
b
etwe
e
n
−
th
an
te
n
n
a
o
f
a
tr
an
s
m
itter
X
an
d
−
th
an
t
en
n
a
o
f
a
r
ec
eiv
e
r
Y.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
;
,
Y
h
as
an
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
[
2
4
]
wh
o
s
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
an
d
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
en
s
itit
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
PDF)
a
r
e
g
iv
en
as
;
,
Y
(
)
=
1
−
(
−
X,Y
)
,
,
Y
(
)
=
X,Y
(
−
X,Y
)
,
(
1
)
wh
er
e
X,Y
=
X,Y
[
25
],
is
p
ath
-
lo
s
s
ex
p
o
n
en
t,
an
d
X,Y
is
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
X
an
d
Y.
L
et
u
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
th
e
−
1
→
an
d
PT
→
PR
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
at
th
e
−
th
tim
e
s
lo
t,
wh
er
e
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
.
I
n
th
is
tim
e
s
lo
t,
th
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
s
et
u
p
at
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
1
,
T
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
T
)
)
,
(
2
)
P
T
,P
R
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PT
(
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PR
(
P
T
,P
R
)
)
,
(
3
)
wh
er
e
a
an
d
b
d
en
o
te
th
e
an
te
n
n
as
s
elec
ted
b
y
−
1
an
d
wh
e
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
c
an
d
d
d
en
o
te
th
e
an
ten
n
as
s
elec
ted
b
y
PT
an
d
PR
wh
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
T
AS/S
C
m
eth
o
d
,
wi
th
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
}
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
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L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
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m
p
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t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
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Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
4
4
-
50
46
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
}
,
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PT
}
,
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PR
}
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
E
;
s
in
ce
th
is
n
o
d
e
also
u
s
es th
e
SC
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
b
es
t r
ec
eiv
e
an
ten
n
a
o
f
E
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
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g
alg
o
r
ith
m
:
−
1
,
E
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
E
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,
(
4
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wh
er
e
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1
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2
,
.
.
.
,
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
t
er
f
er
en
ce
-
p
lu
s
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
o
b
tain
ed
at
PR
,
an
d
E
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
as
P
T
,P
R
=
PT
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PT
(
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
PR
(
P
T
,P
R
)
)
−
1
−
1
,P
R
+
0
,
(
5
)
−
1
,
T
=
−
1
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
T
)
)
PT
P
T
,
T
+
0
,
(
6
)
−
1
,
E
=
−
1
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
E
)
PT
P
T
,
E
+
0
.
(
7
)
I
n
(
5
-
7
)
,
PT
is
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
PT,
−
1
is
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
−
1
th
at
is
d
er
iv
ed
later
,
an
d
0
i
s
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
a
d
d
itiv
e
wh
ite
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
AW
GN)
at
al
l
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
.
T
h
en
,
we
ca
n
f
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SIN
R
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
lin
k
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
at
a
lin
k
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
in
g
lin
k
at
t
h
e
−
th
tim
e
s
lo
t
as f
o
llo
ws:
,
Y
=
1
2
(
1
+
,
Y
)
,
(
8
)
wh
er
e
(
,
Y
)
∈
{
(
−
1
,
T
)
,
(
P
T
,P
R
)
,
(
−
1
,
E
)
}
.
0
T
1
T
1
T
M
−
T
M
E
PR
E
K
T
K
R
K
T
K
R
K
PT
N
PR
N
T
K
PT
R
K
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sy
s
tem
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
T
AS/S
C
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
r
ela
y
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
OP
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
.
B
esid
es,
we
also
co
n
s
id
er
I
P o
f
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
at
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
en
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
allo
ca
te
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it p
o
wer
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
.
Fin
aly
,
en
d
to
en
d
OP w
i
ll b
e
d
e
r
iv
e
d
ex
ac
t
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
.
3
.
1
.
O
P
o
f
t
he
prim
a
ry
net
w
o
rk
a
t
t
he
−
th
t
im
e
s
lo
t
Firstl
y
,
OP o
f
th
e
PT
−
PR
lin
k
in
t
h
e
−
th
tim
e
s
lo
t c
an
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as
O
P
P,
=
(
P
T
,P
R
<
)
=
(
P
T
,P
R
<
)
,
(
9
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
tar
g
et
r
ate
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
=
2
−
1
.
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
3
)
a
n
d
(
5
)
in
to
(
9
)
,
wh
ich
y
ield
s
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
co
g
n
itive
MIMO
r
ela
yin
g
n
etw
o
r
k
s
w
ith
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
47
O
P
P,
=
∫
P
T
,P
R
(
+
)
+
∞
0
−
1
,P
R
(
)
,
(
1
0
)
wh
er
e
=
−
1
/
PT
,
=
0
/
PT
.
Nex
t,
s
im
ilar
to
[
2
3
,
e
q
.
(
3
9
)
]
,
we
ca
n
wr
ite
.
P
T
,P
R
(
+
)
=
1
+
∑
(
−
1
)
PT
PR
PT
PR
=
1
(
−
PT
,PR
)
(
−
PT
,PR
)
.
(
1
1
)
Fro
m
(
1
)
,
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
,
we
ca
n
o
b
tain
(
1
2
)
as
f
o
llo
ws:
O
P
P,
=
1
+
∑
(
−
1
)
PT
PR
−
1
,
P
R
−
1
,
P
R
+
P
T
,
P
R
PT
PR
=
1
(
−
PT
,PR
)
.
(
1
2
)
3
.
2
.
I
P
o
f
t
he
ea
v
esd
ro
pp
er
a
t
t
he
−
th
t
im
e
s
lo
t
Firstl
y
,
I
P a
t E
in
th
e
−
th
t
im
e
s
lo
t c
an
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as
;
I
P
=
(
−
1
,
E
≥
)
=
(
−
1
,
E
≥
)
,
(
1
3
)
wh
er
e
is
tar
g
et
r
ate
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
a
n
d
=
2
−
1
.
Nex
t
,
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
4
)
,
(
7
)
an
d
(
1
4
)
;
s
im
i
l
ar
to
th
e
d
er
iv
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
f
O
P
P,
,
we
h
av
e
I
P
=
∫
[
1
−
−
1
,
E
(
+
)
]
P
T
,
E
(
)
+
∞
0
=
∑
(
−
1
)
+
1
P
T
,
E
P
T
,
E
+
−
1
,E
(
−
−
1
,E
)
=
1
,
(
1
4
)
wh
er
e
=
/
−
1
,
=
0
2
/
−
1
.
3
.
3
.
T
ra
ns
m
it
po
wer
o
f
t
he
s
ec
o
nd
a
ry
t
ra
ns
m
it
t
er
s
Firstl
y
,
−
1
m
u
s
t
ad
ju
s
t
it
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
to
g
u
a
r
an
tee
Q
o
S
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
,
i.e
.
,
O
P
P,
≤
[
1
5
]
,
w
h
e
r
e
is
a
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
,
we
ca
n
f
ir
s
t
f
in
d
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
−
1
(
1
)
o
f
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
O
P
P,
=
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
T
a
b
le
1
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
r
ief
ly
a
s
f
o
llo
ws.
W
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
s
id
e
r
O
P
P,
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
−
1
(
1
)
,
i.e
.
,
O
P
P,
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
if
O
P
P,
(
0
)
≥
,
−
1
ca
n
n
o
t
u
s
e
th
e
licen
s
ed
b
a
n
d
b
ec
au
s
e
Qo
S
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
is
n
o
t
g
u
a
r
an
teed
.
I
f
O
P
P,
(
0
)
<
,
th
er
e
ex
is
ts
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
−
1
(
1
)
s
o
th
at
O
P
P,
≤
.
Als
o
,
in
T
ab
le
1
,
T
,ma
x
an
d
ar
e
p
r
e
-
d
esig
n
ed
p
ar
am
eter
.
Nex
t,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
−
1
attem
p
ts
to
r
ed
u
ce
its
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
s
o
th
at
I
P
o
b
tain
ed
at
E
in
th
is
tim
e
s
lo
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
elo
w
a
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
IP
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
a
f
ter
d
eter
m
in
in
g
−
1
(
1
)
as
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
;
we
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
T
ab
le
2
t
o
o
b
tain
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
−
1
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
r
ief
l
y
as
f
o
llo
ws.
W
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
s
id
e
r
I
P
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
−
1
,
i.e
.
,
I
P
(
−
1
)
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
if
I
P
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
≤
IP
,
th
en
−
1
=
−
1
(
1
)
is
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
wh
er
e
I
P
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
>
IP
,
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
−
1
−
1
b
elo
n
g
s
to
th
e
in
ter
v
al
(
0
,
−
1
(
1
)
)
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
s
im
ilar
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as in
T
ab
le
1
,
we
ca
n
f
in
d
−
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
−
1
(
1
)
o
f
th
e
e
q
u
atio
n
O
P
P,
=
S
t
e
p
s
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
1
2
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
O
P
P,
(
0
)
;
i
f
(
)
P
,
P
O
P
0
,
m
−
1
(
1
)
=
0
,
e
l
s
e
g
o
t
o
S
t
e
p
2
.
S
e
t
t
i
n
g
,
T
,
m
a
x
,
f
lag
=
0
;
w
h
i
l
e
f
l
a
g
=
0
−
1
(
1
)
=
(
/
2
;
)
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
O
P
P,
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
;
i
f
0
≤
−
O
P
P,
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
≤
,
f
l
a
g
=
1
e
l
se
i
f
O
P
P,
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
<
,
(
/
2
)
e
l
se
i
f
O
P
P,
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
≥
,
(
/
2
)
e
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
4
4
-
50
48
T
ab
le
2
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
f
in
d
in
g
−
1
to
s
atis
f
y
I
P
≤
IP
S
t
e
p
s
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
1
2
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
I
P
(
−
1
(
1
)
)
;
i
f
(
)
1
1
IP
T
I
P
,
m
m
P
−
−
1
=
−
1
(
1
)
,
e
l
s
e
g
o
t
o
S
t
e
p
2
.
S
e
t
t
i
n
g
,
−
1
,
(
1
)
,
f
lag
=
0
;
w
h
i
l
e
f
l
a
g
=
0
−
1
=
(
/
2
;
)
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
I
P
(
−
1
)
;
i
f
0
≤
IP
−
I
P
(
−
1
)
≤
,
f
l
a
g
=
1
e
l
se
i
f
I
P
(
−
1
)
>
IP
,
(
/
2
)
e
l
se
i
f
I
P
(
−
1
)
≤
IP
,
(
/
2
)
e
n
d
3.
4
.
E
nd
-
to
-
end O
P
o
f
t
he
s
ec
o
nd
a
ry
net
wo
rk
Firstl
y
,
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as
;
=
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
T
)
=
1
2
(
1
+
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
(
−
1
,
T
)
)
(
1
5
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
OP
o
f
th
e
d
ata
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as
;
O
P
=
(
<
)
=
1
−
∏
(
1
−
(
−
1
,
T
<
)
)
,
=
1
(
1
6
)
T
h
en
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
(
2
)
,
(
5
)
an
d
(
1
6
)
,
we
h
av
e
;
(
−
1
,
T
<
)
=
∫
−
1
,
T
(
+
)
P
T
,
T
(
)
.
+
∞
0
(
1
7
)
Similar
to
[
2
3
,
i
n
eq
.
(
3
9
)
]
,
C
DF
−
1
,
T
(
+
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
;
−
1
,
T
(
+
)
=
1
+
∑
(
−
1
)
(
−
−
1
,
T
)
(
−
−
1
,
T
)
=
1
(
1
8
)
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
1
)
,
(
1
7
)
an
d
(
1
8
)
,
af
ter
s
o
m
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
s
,
we
o
b
tain
;
(
−
1
,
T
<
)
=
1
−
∑
(
−
1
)
+
1
P
T
,
T
P
T
,
T
+
−
1
,
T
(
−
−
1
,
T
)
=
1
(
1
9
)
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
9
)
in
to
(
1
6
)
,
we
ca
n
o
b
tain
an
ex
ac
t c
l
o
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
O
P
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
In
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
we
p
r
esen
t
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
Mo
n
t
e
C
ar
lo
m
eth
o
d
to
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
las
d
er
iv
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
b
y
Ma
tlab
.
Fo
r
s
im
u
latio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
we
f
ix
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
n
o
d
es
as
f
o
llo
ws:
PT
(
0
.
4
,
0
.
7
)
an
d
PR
(
0
.
4
,
0
.
4
)
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
o
d
es
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
at
(
/
,
0
)
,
=
0
,
1
,
.
.
.
,
.
Mo
r
e
clea
r
ly
,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
0
is
at
(
0
,
0
)
,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
is
f
ix
ed
b
y
1
,
an
d
th
e
−
1
,
is
f
ix
ed
b
y
1
.
Fo
r
th
e
E
n
o
d
e
,
it
is
p
lace
d
at
(
0
.
5
,
0
.
4
)
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
p
ath
-
lo
s
s
ex
p
o
n
en
t
(
)
is
s
et
to
3
,
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
th
e
ad
d
itiv
e
n
o
is
es
(
0
)
is
f
ix
ed
1
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
as
at
PT
an
d
PR
ar
e
PT
=
3
,
PR
=
2
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
an
d
,
in
T
ab
les
1
a
n
d
2
is
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
a
n
d
3
5
d
B
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
th
e
tar
g
et
r
ates
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
b
y
=
1
,
=
0
.
75
,
th
e
OP t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
n
etwo
r
k
is
=
0
.
05
,
an
d
t
h
e
I
P th
r
esh
o
ld
at
E
is
IP
=
0
.
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
(
0
)
an
d
th
e
r
elay
(
1
)
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PT
in
d
B
wh
en
M
=
2
(
M
)
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
o
f
0
an
d
1
ar
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
les
1
an
d
2
to
s
atis
f
y
t
wo
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
O
P
,
≤
an
d
I
P
≤
IP
f
o
r
all
m
.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it p
o
wer
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
n
o
d
es lin
ea
r
ly
in
cr
ea
s
es with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
f
PT
, a
n
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it p
o
wer
o
f
0
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
at
o
f
1
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
OP
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
is
p
r
esen
te
d
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PT
in
d
B
wh
en
=
2
an
d
=
2
.
As
s
ee
n
,
th
e
OP p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
b
etter
wh
en
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
as e
q
u
ip
p
e
d
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
n
o
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws th
at
th
e
OP v
alu
es
ar
e
v
er
y
h
ig
h
w
h
en
=
1
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
v
ia
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
co
g
n
itive
MIMO
r
ela
yin
g
n
etw
o
r
k
s
w
ith
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
49
an
ten
n
as.
W
e
als
o
s
ee
th
at
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
m
atch
v
er
y
well
with
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
o
n
es,
wh
ich
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
er
iv
e
d
eq
u
at
io
n
s
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
+
=
6
,
an
d
p
r
esen
t
th
e
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
O
P
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
llo
ws
PT
in
d
B
wh
en
=
2
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
n
o
tin
g
th
at
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
OP
d
o
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
wh
en
=
,
=
6
−
an
d
=
6
−
,
=
,
wh
er
e
=
1
,
2
,
3
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
Fig
u
r
e
4
o
n
ly
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
O
P
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
th
r
ee
ca
s
es
as
f
o
llo
ws:
=
1
,
=
5
;
=
2
,
=
4
an
d
=
3
,
=
3
.
As
we
ca
n
s
e
e,
th
e
OP p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
b
est wh
en
=
3
,
=
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
r
an
s
m
it p
o
wer
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PT
(
d
B
)
wh
en
=
2
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
etwo
r
k
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PT
(
d
B
)
wh
en
=
2
an
d
=
2
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
n
et
wo
r
k
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
PT
(
d
B
)
wh
en
=
2
an
d
+
=
6
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
ev
al
u
ated
th
e
e2
e
OP
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
h
o
p
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
MI
M
O
r
elay
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
em
p
l
o
y
in
g
th
e
T
AS/S
C
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
b
o
th
t
h
e
n
et
wo
r
k
s
,
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
th
e
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
er
.
W
e
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
im
p
le
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
we
r
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
to
q
u
ar
an
tee
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
Qo
S
an
d
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
th
is
p
ap
e
r
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
wer
e
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
s
ec
r
ec
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
eliab
i
lity
.
Fo
r
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
OP
v
alu
e
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
we
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
5
10
15
20
25
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
P
PT
(
d
B
)
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
P
o
w
e
r
(
d
B
)
T
0
T
1
5
10
15
20
25
0
.
2
0
.
2
5
0
.
3
0
.
3
5
0
.
4
0
.
4
5
0
.
5
0
.
5
5
P
PT
(
d
B
)
E
2
e
O
P
o
f
S
e
co
n
d
a
r
y
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
1
)
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
2
)
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
3
)
T
h
e
o
r
y
5
10
15
20
25
0
.
1
6
0
.
1
8
0
.
2
0
.
2
2
0
.
2
4
0
.
2
6
0
.
2
8
P
PT
(
d
B
)
E
2
e
O
P
o
f
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
1
,
K
R
=
5
)
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
2
,
K
R
=
4
)
S
i
m
(
K
T
=
3
,
K
R
=
3
)
T
h
e
o
r
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
4
4
-
50
50
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
th
e
in
ter
ce
p
t
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
also
in
cr
ea
s
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
OP,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
an
ten
n
as a
t th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
a
n
d
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
u
s
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
d
esig
n
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
E
lk
a
sh
lan
,
P
.
L.
Ye
o
h
,
N.
Ya
n
g
,
T.
Q.
Du
o
n
g
,
C
.
Leu
n
g
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
Tw
o
M
IM
O
Re
lay
i
n
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
i
n
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
F
a
d
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls,"
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
l
a
r T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
6
-
1
4
2
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
D.
T.
Hu
n
g
,
T.
D.
Tran
,
T
.
T.
P
h
u
o
n
g
,
D.
Q.
Tri
n
h
,
T.
Ha
n
h
,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
F
o
u
n
tain
Co
d
e
s
-
Ba
se
d
S
e
c
u
re
M
I
M
O
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
ls
wit
h
a
n
d
wi
th
o
u
t
Us
in
g
No
n
-
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
ip
le
Ac
c
e
ss
,
"
En
tro
p
y
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
23
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
A.
A.
Na
sir,
H.
D.
T
u
a
n
,
T.
Q.
Du
o
n
g
,
L.
Ha
n
z
o
,
“
Tran
sm
it
ter
-
S
id
e
Wi
re
les
s
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
-
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
-
Tran
sfe
r
in
M
a
ss
iv
e
M
IM
O S
y
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
la
r T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
2
2
-
2
3
2
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
P.
Va
rz
a
k
a
s,
"
Av
e
ra
g
e
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
fo
r
Ra
y
lei
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
S
p
re
a
d
S
p
e
c
tru
m
M
IM
O
S
y
ste
m
s,"
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
1
-
1
0
8
7
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
J.
N.
Lan
e
m
a
n
,
D.
N.
Tse
,
G
.
W.
Wo
rn
e
l
l,
“
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Div
e
rsit
y
in
W
irele
ss
Ne
two
rk
s:
Eff
icie
n
t
P
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
a
n
d
Ou
tag
e
Be
h
a
v
i
o
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
6
2
-
3
0
8
0
,
2
0
0
4
.
[6
]
T.
T.
Du
y
,
Tr
u
n
g
Q.
Du
o
n
g
,
D.
B.
d
a
Co
sta
,
V.
N.
Q.
Ba
o
,
M
.
El
k
a
sh
lan
,
"
P
r
o
a
c
ti
v
e
Re
lay
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
wit
h
Jo
i
n
t
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
t
a
n
d
Co
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
,
"
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
4
-
1
6
0
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
G
.
F
a
rh
a
d
i,
N.
C.
Be
a
u
li
e
u
,
"
A
G
e
n
e
ra
l
F
ra
m
e
wo
rk
f
o
r
S
y
m
b
o
l
Err
o
r
P
r
o
b
a
b
il
it
y
A
n
a
ly
sis o
f
Wi
re
le
ss
S
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
Am
p
l
ify
-
a
n
d
-
Fo
rwa
rd
M
u
l
ti
h
o
p
Re
lay
i
n
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
io
n
s o
n
Ve
h
icu
l
a
r T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
5
-
1
5
1
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
T.
D.
Hie
u
,
T.
D.
Tran
,
B.
S
.
K
im,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
M
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
Ha
rv
e
st
-
to
-
Tra
n
sm
it
WS
Ns
Wi
t
h
P
a
th
-
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s
i
n
P
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
Eav
e
sd
r
o
p
p
e
rs
a
n
d
Ha
rd
wa
r
e
No
ise
s,"
IEE
E
S
e
n
so
rs
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
7
3
-
5
1
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
P.
T.
Ti
n
,
D.
T.
Hu
n
g
,
N.
N.
Tan
,
T.
T.
Du
y
,
M
.
Vo
z
n
a
k
,
"
S
e
c
re
c
y
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
Un
d
e
rlay
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
two
rk
s
Emp
l
o
y
i
n
g
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
M
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
Tra
n
sm
issio
n
Wi
t
h
a
n
d
Wi
t
h
o
u
t
P
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
ts,"
En
tro
p
y
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
16
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
P
.
M
.
Na
m
,
T.
T.
Du
y
,
P
.
V.
Ca
,
P
.
N.
S
o
n
,
N.
H
.
An
,
“
Ou
tag
e
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
P
o
we
r
Be
a
c
o
n
-
Ai
d
e
d
M
u
lt
i
-
H
o
p
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Co
g
n
it
i
v
e
Ra
d
io
P
ro
to
c
o
l
Un
d
e
r
Co
n
stra
i
n
t
o
f
In
terfe
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ha
rd
wa
re
No
ise
s,”
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
19
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
A.
D.
Wy
n
e
r,
"
Th
e
Wi
re
-
ta
p
Ch
a
n
n
e
l,
"
Bell
S
y
ste
m T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
5
-
1
3
8
7
,
1
9
7
5
.
[1
2
]
I.
Csis
z
a
r,
J.
Ko
rn
e
r,
“
Bro
a
d
c
a
st
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls wi
th
Co
n
fid
e
n
ti
a
l
M
e
ss
a
g
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
-
3
4
8
,
1
9
7
8
.
[1
3
]
P
.
T.
Ti
n
,
N.
N
.
Tan
,
N.
Q.
S
a
n
g
,
T
.
T.
D
u
y
,
T.
T.
P
h
u
o
n
g
,
M
.
Vo
z
n
a
k
,
"
Ra
tele
ss
Co
d
e
s
b
a
se
d
S
e
c
u
re
C
o
m
m
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
Emp
lo
y
in
g
Tran
sm
it
An
ten
n
a
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ha
rv
e
st
-
To
-
Ja
m
u
n
d
e
r
Jo
in
t
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
ts,"
En
tro
p
y
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
18
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
Y.
Zo
u
,
B.
Ch
a
m
p
a
g
n
e
,
W.
P
.
Zh
u
,
L.
Ha
n
z
o
,
“
Re
lay
-
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
s
th
e
S
e
c
u
rit
y
-
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
Trad
e
-
o
ff
in
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
S
y
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
–
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
5
[1
5
]
Y.
Zo
u
,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
-
Lay
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
fo
r
S
p
e
c
tru
m
S
h
a
rin
g
S
y
ste
m
s,”
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
io
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
9
–
1
3
2
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
P
.
T.
Ti
n
,
D.
H.
Ha
,
M
.
Tran
,
T.
T
.
Tran
g
,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
S
e
c
u
rit
y
La
y
e
r
Wi
th
F
rie
n
d
l
y
Ja
m
m
e
r
In
Ha
lf
-
D
u
p
lex
Re
lay
i
n
g
N
e
two
rk
s
Ov
e
r
Ra
y
lei
g
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
l:
In
terc
e
p
t
P
r
o
b
a
b
il
it
y
A
n
a
ly
sis,”
B
u
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
(BE
EI)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
4
-
1
7
0
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
7
]
J.
M
it
o
la,
G
.
Q.
M
a
g
u
ire,
“
C
o
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
i
o
:
M
a
k
in
g
S
o
ftw
a
re
Ra
d
io
s
M
o
re
P
e
rso
n
a
l,
”
I
EE
E
Pe
rs
o
n
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
8
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
8
]
Y.
Li
u
,
L
.
Wan
g
,
T.
D.
Tru
n
g
,
M
.
El
k
a
sh
lan
,
Tr
u
n
g
Q
.
Du
o
n
g
,
"
Re
lay
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
f
o
r
S
e
c
u
r
it
y
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Re
lay
Ne
two
rk
s,
"
IE
E
E
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
.
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
-
4
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
F
.
Ja
m
e
e
l,
S
.
W
y
n
e
,
G
.
Ka
d
d
o
u
m
,
T.
Q.
Du
o
n
g
,
“
A
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
v
e
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
C
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Re
lay
in
g
a
n
d
Ja
m
m
in
g
S
trate
g
ies
fo
r
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Lay
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
,
”
IEE
E
C
o
mm
.
S
u
rv
e
y
s &
T
u
to
ri
a
ls
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
4
-
2
7
7
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
P
.
T.
Ti
n
,
D.
T
.
Hu
n
g
,
T.
T.
D
u
y
a
n
d
M
.
Vo
z
n
a
k
,
"
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
P
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
No
n
-
z
e
ro
S
e
c
re
c
y
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
Ne
two
rk
s
in
P
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
ts
o
v
e
r
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls,"
R
a
d
io
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
7
4
-
7
8
2
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
1
]
H.
D.
Hu
n
g
,
T.
T.
D
u
y
,
M
.
V
o
z
n
a
k
,
“
S
e
c
re
c
y
O
u
tag
e
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
M
u
lt
i
-
Ho
p
LE
ACH
Ne
two
r
k
s
Us
in
g
P
o
we
r
Be
a
c
o
n
Aid
e
d
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Ja
m
m
in
g
Wi
t
h
Ja
m
m
e
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s,”
A
EU
-
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
2
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
2
]
P
.
M
.
Na
m
,
T.
T
.
Du
y
,
P
.
V.
Ca
,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Cl
u
ste
r
-
b
a
se
d
Co
g
n
it
i
v
e
M
u
lt
i
h
o
p
Ne
two
r
k
s
u
n
d
e
r
Jo
in
t
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
Ha
rd
wa
re
No
ise
s
a
n
d
No
n
-
i
d
e
n
ti
c
a
l
P
rima
ry
C
o
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
In
te
rfe
re
n
c
e
,
"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ic a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
5
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
2
3
]
P
.
M
.
N
a
m
,
P
.
T
.
T
i
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
-
R
e
l
ia
b
i
l
i
t
y
T
r
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
f
o
r
M
u
l
t
i
-
h
o
p
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
R
e
l
a
y
i
n
g
P
r
o
t
o
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