T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
436
~
440
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
1
.
12666
436
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
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E
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earch
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eam,
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k
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u
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ai
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p
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u
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ean
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A
n
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Ced
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x
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Fra
n
ce
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
r
13
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
ul
5
,
20
19
Ac
c
e
pted
Ju
l
23
,
20
19
In
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
v
al
i
d
a
t
ed
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
n
t
o
s
i
mu
l
at
i
o
n
an
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
meas
u
remen
t
h
as
b
een
d
e
s
cri
b
ed
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
co
p
l
an
ar
w
a
v
eg
u
i
d
e
(CPW
)
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e
h
as
b
een
c
h
o
s
en
t
o
feed
t
h
e
ra
d
i
a
t
i
n
g
p
a
t
ch
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
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t
w
o
g
r
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u
n
d
p
l
a
n
es
h
av
e
b
een
p
art
i
al
l
y
d
es
i
g
n
ed
i
n
t
h
e
t
o
p
s
i
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
t
ra
t
e.
T
h
e
frac
t
al
g
eo
me
t
ry
,
ap
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
ci
rc
u
l
ar
rad
i
at
o
r,
h
as
b
een
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
merg
i
n
g
t
h
e
ci
rcu
l
ar
an
d
rect
an
g
u
l
ar
s
h
ap
e
s
.
T
h
e
fi
b
er
g
l
a
s
s
FR
-
4
,
w
i
t
h
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
s
i
d
e
o
f
3
5
μm
co
p
p
er
t
h
i
ck
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es
s
,
h
as
b
een
u
s
e
d
t
o
ach
i
ev
e
t
h
e
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n
t
e
n
n
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ma
t
eri
al
w
i
t
h
a
p
ermi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
4
.
4
,
a
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
1
.
6
mm,
a
l
o
s
s
t
an
g
en
t
o
f
0
.
0
2
5
a
n
d
a
n
o
v
era
l
l
d
i
me
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
3
4
x
4
3
mm
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
CPW
fract
al
an
t
e
n
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
f
i
g
u
red
t
o
o
p
erat
e
i
n
t
h
e
freq
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en
c
y
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g
e
3
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1
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1
0
.
6
G
H
z
p
u
b
l
i
s
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ed
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y
t
h
e
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l
co
mmu
n
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ca
t
i
o
n
s
co
mm
i
s
s
i
o
n
(FCC)
as
an
u
l
t
ra
-
w
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
(U
W
B).
T
o
cal
cu
l
at
e
t
h
e
ret
u
rn
l
o
s
s
,
t
h
e
g
ai
n
,
t
h
e
cu
rren
t
d
en
s
i
t
y
an
d
t
h
e
rad
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
t
er
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
ed
an
t
e
n
n
a,
t
w
o
el
ect
r
o
mag
n
et
i
c
s
o
l
v
er
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
w
h
i
c
h
are
t
h
e
CS
T
m
i
cro
w
av
e
s
t
u
d
i
o
an
d
A
D
S.
T
h
e
s
er
i
es
o
f
meas
u
reme
n
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
erfo
rme
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
rk
a
n
al
y
zer
an
d
t
h
e
a
n
ech
o
i
c
c
h
amb
er
i
n
o
rd
er
t
o
co
n
fi
rm
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
ed
a
n
t
e
n
n
a.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
P
W
F
C
C
F
r
a
c
tal
ge
ometr
y
R
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
R
e
tur
n
l
os
s
UW
B
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Akr
a
m
E
l
Ha
mdouni
,
L
M
E
E
T
L
a
bor
a
tor
y
o
f
F
a
c
ult
y
of
S
c
ienc
e
s
a
nd
T
e
c
hniques
,
Ha
s
s
a
n
1
st
Unive
r
s
it
y
of
S
e
tt
a
t
,
R
oute
de
C
a
s
a
blanc
a
Km
3.
5
B
P
539
,
M
or
oc
c
o
.
E
mail:
a
kr
a
m
.
e
lhamdouni@yahoo.
f
r
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
f
ir
s
t
de
f
ini
ti
on
o
f
the
UW
B
,
a
ppli
e
d
by
T
h
e
De
f
e
ns
e
Adva
nc
e
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
P
r
ojec
ts
Age
nc
y
(
DA
R
P
A)
a
s
Ame
r
ica
n
s
tanda
r
d,
ha
s
be
e
n
ba
s
e
d
on
the
va
lue
of
the
be
low
T
a
ylor
e
xpr
e
s
s
ion
BF
=
2(
F
H
-
F
L
)
/(
F
H
+
F
L
)
,
s
o
the
s
ignal
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
UW
B
whe
n
B
F
is
s
upe
r
ior
than
0.
25
.
W
he
r
e
B
F
is
the
f
r
a
c
ti
ona
l
B
a
ndwidth
of
the
s
ignal,
F
H
is
t
he
higher
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
F
L
is
the
lowe
r
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
in
the
s
pe
c
tr
um.
I
n
F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
2002
,
a
ne
w
de
f
ini
ti
on
of
UW
B
ha
s
be
e
n
publi
s
he
d
by
the
F
e
de
r
a
l
c
omm
unica
ti
on
c
omm
is
s
ion
(
F
C
C
)
a
s
the
s
e
c
ond
Ame
r
ica
n
s
tanda
r
d,
ba
s
e
d
on
the
s
ignal
ba
ndwidth
.
S
o
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
F
C
C
a
s
ignal
c
a
n
be
known
a
s
UW
B
if
it
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
is
s
im
il
a
r
or
gr
e
a
ter
than
500
M
Hz
[1
-
5
].
I
n
th
e
p
lana
r
tec
hnology,
the
m
icr
otr
ip
f
e
e
d
li
ne
r
e
mains
the
mos
t
popular
tec
hnique
to
e
s
tablis
h
the
mi
c
r
owa
ve
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
due
to
s
e
ve
r
a
l
a
dva
ntage
s
,
howe
ve
r
thi
s
method
s
uf
f
e
r
s
f
r
om
s
ome
li
mi
tations
mainly
be
long
to
the
r
e
duc
e
d
ba
ndwidth
o
f
f
e
r
e
d.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
the
int
r
oduc
ti
on
of
the
c
oplana
r
wa
ve
guide
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
low
c
os
t
fr
ac
tal
C
P
W
fed
antenna
for
U
W
B
app
l
ications
w
it
h
a
c
ir
c
ular
.
.
.
.
(
A
k
r
am
E
l
Ham
douni)
437
(
C
P
W
)
tec
hnique
be
c
omes
manda
tor
y
in
the
pl
a
na
r
de
vice
s
a
nd
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
s
,
by
de
pos
it
ing
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
f
e
e
d
li
ne
be
twe
e
n
tw
o
na
r
r
ow
g
r
ound
plane
s
on
the
top
s
ide
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
whic
h
of
f
e
r
s
to
the
a
ntenna
a
wide
r
s
ignal
s
pe
c
tr
um,
a
les
s
dis
pe
r
s
ion,
low
r
a
diation
los
s
,
a
n
e
a
s
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
with
pa
s
s
ive
a
nd
a
c
ti
ve
c
ir
c
uit
s
[
6
-
8
].
T
he
F
r
a
c
tal
is
a
r
ough
of
a
n
o
r
igi
na
l
s
ha
pe
that
c
a
n
be
f
r
a
g
mente
d
n
ti
mes
with
r
e
duc
e
d
s
ize
s
,
thi
s
tec
hnique
o
f
f
e
r
s
tw
o
im
por
tant
be
ha
vior
s
,
the
f
ir
s
t
one
is
the
s
e
lf
-
s
im
il
a
r
it
y
to
im
pr
ove
the
matc
hing
of
input
im
pe
da
nc
e
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
,
while
the
s
e
c
ond
is
s
pa
c
e
f
il
li
ng
to
incr
e
a
s
e
the
mi
niatur
iza
ti
on
o
f
the
de
vice
s
[
9
].
2.
AN
T
E
NN
A
GE
OME
T
RY
T
he
C
P
W
tec
hniq
ue
ha
s
be
e
n
a
ppli
e
d
to
the
pr
o
pos
e
d
a
ntenna
by
de
s
igni
ng
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
li
ne
a
nd
the
gr
ound
plane
s
on
the
top
s
ide
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
the
r
a
diating
pa
tch
ha
s
be
e
n
c
ir
c
ular
ly
c
hos
e
n
with
a
f
r
a
c
tal
ge
ometr
y
obtaine
d
by
the
me
r
ging
of
r
e
c
tangula
r
a
nd
c
i
r
c
ula
r
s
ha
pe
s
by
us
ing
the
B
ool
e
a
n
a
dd
include
d
in
the
C
S
T
s
olver
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
ove
r
a
ll
di
mens
ions
of
the
a
c
hieve
d
a
ntenna
is
4
3
x3
4
mm
2
whic
h
a
r
e
the
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
FR
-
4
of
E
poxy
f
iber
glas
s
us
e
d
a
s
s
ubs
tr
a
te
with
the
f
oll
owing
f
e
a
tur
e
s
;
a
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
h=
1.
6
mm
,
a
pe
r
mi
tt
ivi
t
y
c
ons
tant
ε
r
=
4.
4
a
nd
a
los
s
tange
nt
tan(
δ
)
=
0.
025.
T
he
e
nti
r
e
a
r
e
a
of
the
a
ntenna
is
4
3
x3
4
mm
2
.
T
he
F
igur
e
2
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
va
li
da
ted
a
ntenna
with
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
whic
h
a
r
e
opti
mi
z
e
d
by
the
methods
of
c
a
lcula
ti
on
im
pleme
nted
in
the
e
lec
tr
o
magne
ti
c
s
olver
.
T
he
va
lues
a
r
e
s
hown
in
the
T
a
ble
1
.
T
a
bles
a
nd
F
igur
e
s
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
c
e
nter
,
a
s
s
hown
be
low
a
nd
c
it
e
d
in
the
manus
c
r
ipt
.
T
he
F
igur
e
3
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
f
a
br
ica
ted
a
ntenna
with
the
S
M
A
c
onne
c
tor
s
older
e
d
s
im
ult
a
ne
ous
ly
to
the
f
e
e
d
li
ne
a
nd
the
two
gr
ound
plane
s
.
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
f
r
a
gmente
d
s
ha
pe
f
or
the
f
r
a
c
tal
ge
ometr
y
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
ge
ometr
y
o
f
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
F
igur
e
3
.
T
he
f
a
br
ica
ted
f
r
a
c
tal
C
P
W
a
ntenna
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
c
a
lcula
ted
a
nd
opti
mi
z
e
d
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
V
a
lu
e
(
mm
)
C
omm
e
nt
L
S
43
L
e
ngt
h of
a
nt
e
nna
W
S
34
W
id
th
of
a
nt
e
nna
L
G
16
L
e
ngt
h of
gr
ound
W
G
15
W
id
th
of
gr
ound
W
F
3
W
id
th
of
F
e
e
d l
in
e
D
17
D
ia
me
te
r
of
r
a
di
a
to
r
D
1
9.1
H
e
ig
ht
of
1
s
t
C
ir
c
ul
a
r
s
ha
pe
D
2
6.125
H
e
ig
ht
of
2
nd
C
ir
c
ul
a
r
s
ha
p
e
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
YSI
S
T
he
s
im
ulation
of
the
a
c
hieve
d
a
ntenna
ha
s
be
e
n
pe
r
f
or
med
by
us
ing
two
e
lec
tr
o
magne
ti
c
s
olver
s
,
C
S
T
of
M
icr
owa
ve
S
tudi
o
,
whic
h
us
e
s
the
f
in
it
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
tec
hnique
(
F
I
T
)
a
s
numer
ica
l
meth
od,
wa
s
the
main
one
while
the
s
e
c
ond
s
olver
it
wa
s
A
DS
whic
h
a
pply
the
M
e
thod
of
M
oment
(
M
oM
)
[
1
0
-
1
7
].
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
C
P
W
a
ntenn
a
in
thi
s
a
r
ti
c
le
ha
s
be
e
n
f
ulf
il
led
by
us
ing
the
ne
twor
k
a
na
lys
e
r
P
NA
-
X
N5247A
f
r
om
a
gil
e
nt
tec
hnol
ogies
a
nd
a
S
M
A
c
onne
c
tor
ope
r
a
ti
ng
unt
il
1
2
GH
z
.
T
he
r
e
tu
r
n
los
s
ha
s
be
e
n
c
omput
e
d
by
the
two
s
olver
s
C
S
T
a
nd
AD
S
a
nd
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
the
F
igu
r
e
4
wi
th
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
436
-
440
438
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
one
,
a
good
a
gr
e
e
ment
be
twe
e
n
the
t
hr
e
e
gr
a
phs
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
in
ter
m
of
input
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
in
a
ba
ndwidth
o
f
120
%
f
r
om
2
.
99
GH
z
to
12
GH
z
whic
h
include
the
F
C
C
b
a
nd
3.
1
–
10
.
6
GHz
[1
8
-
28
].
T
he
ga
in
ha
s
be
e
n
c
a
lcula
ted
in
the
F
igur
e
5
by
us
ing
C
S
T
only
,
a
ppe
a
r
s
be
twe
e
n
1
a
nd
4dB
in
the
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
while
in
higher
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
the
ga
in
r
e
a
c
he
s
the
va
lues
f
r
om
4
to
6dB
whic
h
mea
ns
that
the
va
li
da
ted
a
ntenna
c
a
n
be
pr
opos
e
d
f
or
ind
oor
UW
B
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
in
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
nd
f
or
outdoor
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
in
higher
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
is
mainly
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
the
pe
r
ipher
ies
be
twe
e
n
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
li
ne
a
nd
two
gr
ound
plane
s
in
th
e
f
r
e
que
nc
ie
s
3,
5,
7
a
nd
10
GH
z
of
the
F
C
C
ba
nd
s
hown
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
in
the
F
igu
r
e
s
6
(
a
)
,
(
b)
,
(
c
)
a
nd
(
d)
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
ha
s
be
e
n
c
omput
e
d
by
C
S
T
in
E
a
nd
H
plane
s
f
or
the
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
3,
5
,
7
a
nd
10
GH
z
,
but
ha
s
be
e
n
mea
s
ur
e
d
only
in
H
p
lane
s
in
the
s
a
me
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
s
s
hown
in
the
F
igu
r
e
s
7
(
a
)
,
(
b)
,
(
c
)
a
nd
(
d
)
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
in
E
–
plane
o
f
th
e
s
im
ulate
d
a
ntenna
is
bidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
in
ove
r
a
ll
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
ies
.
How
e
ve
r
in
the
H
–
plane
the
r
a
diations
pa
tt
e
r
n
s
hown
unidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
in
the
s
a
me
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
int
o
s
i
mul
a
ti
on
a
nd
mea
s
ur
e
ment
with
s
ome
dis
tor
ti
ons
in
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
diagr
a
m
due
to
the
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
e
nvir
on
ment.
F
igur
e
4
.
T
he
S
11
vs
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
C
P
W
a
ntenn
a
by
C
S
T
a
nd
AD
S
F
igur
e
5
.
T
he
ga
in
vs
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
C
P
W
a
ntenna
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
it
y
of
C
P
W
a
ntenna
wit
h
s
lot
s
:
(
a
)
@3
GH
z
,
(
b
)
@5
GH
z
,
(
c
)
@7
GH
z
a
nd
(
d)
@
10
GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
low
c
os
t
fr
ac
tal
C
P
W
fed
antenna
for
U
W
B
app
l
ications
w
it
h
a
c
ir
c
ular
.
.
.
.
(
A
k
r
am
E
l
Ham
douni)
439
F
igur
e
7
.
T
he
r
a
diation
p
a
tt
e
r
n
in
E
&H
-
plane
s
by
C
S
T
a
nd
mea
s
ur
e
d
in
H
-
plane
only
:
(
a
)
@3
GH
z
,
(
b
)
@5
GH
z
,
(
c
)
@7
GH
z
a
nd
(
d)
@
10
GHz
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
A
nove
l
f
r
a
c
tal
a
nd
C
P
W
f
e
d
a
ntenna
ha
s
be
e
n
v
a
li
da
ted
int
o
s
im
ulation
a
nd
by
manu
f
a
c
tur
ing
in
or
de
r
to
ope
r
a
te
in
the
UW
B
.
S
o
,
the
s
tr
uc
t
ur
e
ha
s
be
e
n
c
omput
e
d
a
nd
opti
mi
z
e
d
by
us
ing
two
e
lec
tr
omagne
ti
c
s
olver
s
AD
S
a
nd
C
S
T
-
M
W
.
T
he
s
im
ulate
d
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
pr
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
im
po
r
tant
r
e
s
ult
,
in
ter
ms
of
r
e
tur
n
los
s
,
ga
in
,
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
a
nd
r
a
diati
on
pa
tt
e
r
n
,
in
the
F
C
C
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
3
.
1
–
10.
6
G
Hz
with
a
ba
ndwidth
o
f
120
%
.
A
good
a
gr
e
e
ment
be
twe
e
n
the
c
omput
e
d
a
nd
mea
s
ur
e
d
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
ha
s
be
e
n
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
whic
h
pe
r
mi
t
to
a
c
hieve
a
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
with
a
n
a
c
c
e
ptable
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
s
,
a
low
c
os
t,
a
low
pr
of
il
e
a
nd
a
n
e
a
s
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
with
pa
s
s
ive
a
nd
a
c
ti
ve
c
ir
c
uit
s
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
F.
Mo
rab
i
t
o
a
n
d
P.
Ro
cca,
“
Re
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
mb
er
o
f
el
eme
n
t
s
i
n
p
h
a
s
e
-
o
n
l
y
reco
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
l
e
arra
y
s
g
en
era
t
i
n
g
s
u
m
an
d
d
i
fferen
ce
p
a
t
t
er
n
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
Let
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
8
-
1
3
4
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
N.
M.
Sah
ar,
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
Fract
a
l
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
U
l
t
ra
-
W
i
d
e
b
an
d
A
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
,”
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
ci
e
n
ces
,
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
M.
L
ev
y
,
et
al
.
,
“A
n
o
v
e
l
frac
t
al
u
w
b
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
eart
h
q
u
a
k
e
an
d
t
s
u
n
ami
p
red
i
ct
i
o
n
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
(L
E
T
P
A
)
,”
IE
E
E
Ca
n
a
d
i
a
n
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
f
E
l
ect
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
er
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
(CCE
CE
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
B.
R
.
Rao
,
et
al
.
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
o
f
C
i
rc
u
l
ar
w
i
t
h
t
ri
a
n
g
l
e
Mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
Frac
t
al
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
D
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
U
W
B
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
en
t
i
f
i
c
&
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
ol
.
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
3
-
1
2
0
6
,
J
u
l
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
H
.
M.
A
l
Sab
b
ag
h
,
et
al
.
,
“
A
U
W
B
Fract
al
A
n
t
en
n
a
fo
r
Bo
d
y
A
rea
N
et
w
o
r
k
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
2
0
1
2
Lo
u
g
h
b
o
r
o
u
g
h
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
1
2
-
1
3
No
ve
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
,
L
o
u
g
h
b
o
ro
u
g
h
,
U
K
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
H.
L
.
L
ee,
et
al
.
,
“
Bro
ad
b
an
d
p
l
a
n
ar
an
t
e
n
n
a
h
av
i
n
g
ro
u
n
d
co
r
n
er
rect
an
g
u
l
ar
w
i
d
e
s
l
o
t
,”
IE
E
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
nd
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
S
o
c
i
et
y
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
ym
p
o
s
i
u
m
2
0
0
2
,
J
u
n
2
0
0
2
.
[7
]
R.
L
.
Y
ad
av
a,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Mu
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
T
ri
a
n
g
u
l
ar
Fract
a
l
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
Mo
b
i
l
e
Co
mm
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
S
ci
e
n
ce
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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.
1
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2020
:
436
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440
[9
]
M.
K.
A
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0
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.
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2
]
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[2
3
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.
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an
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ai
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,
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5
2
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2
,
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3
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3
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3
.
[2
6
]
K
u
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d
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.
P.
Ray
,
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0
0
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.
[2
7
]
T
.
Is
ern
i
a
an
d
A
.
F.
Mo
rab
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t
o
,
"
Mas
k
-
co
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p
o
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array
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en
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s
"
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E
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Tr
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.
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.
[2
8
]
A
.
F.
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rab
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o
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d
P.
Ro
cca,
"
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ra
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