T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
1610
~
1620
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
t
e
kdikt
i,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
3
.
15641
1610
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
A
r
c
h
ite
c
t
u
r
e
of
t
h
e
r
e
gi
o
n
al
sat
e
ll
ite
a
u
gm
e
n
t
a
t
io
n
syste
m
f
or
m
a
r
itim
e
a
p
p
li
c
at
io
n
s
D
i
m
o
v
S
t
o
j
c
e
I
l
c
e
v
Sp
ace
Sci
en
ce
Ce
n
t
re
(SSC),
D
u
r
b
an
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
T
ech
n
o
g
y
(D
U
T
),
So
u
t
h
A
fr
i
ca
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
De
c
28,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
a
n
29,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
F
e
b
26,
2020
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
d
e
s
cri
b
e
s
arch
i
t
ec
t
u
re
o
f
reg
i
o
n
al
s
at
e
l
l
i
t
e
au
g
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
(RSA
S)
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
mar
i
t
i
me
s
p
ace
c
o
mmu
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
,
n
av
i
g
at
i
o
n
an
d
s
u
r
v
ei
l
l
a
n
ce
(CN
S)
a
n
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
n
a
v
i
g
at
i
o
n
s
a
t
el
l
i
t
e
s
y
s
t
e
ms
(G
N
SS)
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
fo
r
en
h
a
n
ced
s
afe
t
y
a
n
d
s
u
rv
e
y
i
n
g
o
f
o
cean
g
o
i
n
g
s
h
i
p
s
,
man
ag
eme
n
t
a
n
d
t
rack
i
n
g
o
f
carg
o
,
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
o
f
M
ari
n
er
s
o
n
b
o
ar
d
co
mmerci
al
an
d
p
as
s
e
n
g
er
s
h
i
p
s
,
y
ach
t
s
,
s
ea
p
l
at
f
o
rms
a
n
d
o
t
h
er
t
y
p
es
o
f
cr
aft
.
T
h
e
RSA
S
n
et
w
o
r
k
are
d
es
i
g
n
ed
t
o
i
mp
r
o
v
e
v
e
s
s
e
l
man
ag
eme
n
t
an
d
t
ran
s
p
o
rt
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
b
eca
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
en
o
rmo
u
s
ex
p
an
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d
's
merch
a
n
t
fl
eet
.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
t
h
i
s
n
e
t
w
o
rk
w
i
t
h
a
s
p
eci
a
l
s
h
i
p
t
rack
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
ca
n
al
s
o
i
m
p
ro
v
e
t
h
e
p
ro
t
ect
i
o
n
o
f
merch
an
t
s
h
i
p
s
an
d
t
h
ei
r
crew
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
p
i
racy
,
v
i
o
l
e
n
ce,
ro
b
b
er
y
an
d
t
err
o
ri
s
t
at
t
ac
k
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
t
ern
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
mari
t
i
me
o
r
g
an
i
zat
i
o
n
(IMO
)
an
d
s
h
i
p
p
i
n
g
fl
a
g
s
t
a
t
es
h
av
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
fo
r
d
e
v
el
o
p
me
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
ern
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
p
o
r
t
s
ecu
r
i
t
y
(ISPS)
an
d
d
es
i
g
n
t
o
i
m
p
l
eme
n
t
an
a
p
p
r
o
ach
i
n
g
an
d
p
o
rt
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
em
(A
PCS)
b
y
s
p
eci
a
l
c
o
d
e
f
o
r
a
l
l
merc
h
an
t
v
es
s
el
s
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
d
e
t
ermi
n
at
i
o
n
,
t
rack
i
n
g
an
d
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
o
f
al
l
s
h
i
p
s
mo
v
emen
t
s
i
n
an
d
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
eap
o
rt
area.
T
h
e
Mari
t
i
me
RSA
S
an
d
CN
S
s
y
s
t
em
s
are
i
n
t
eg
ra
t
i
o
n
co
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
at
e
l
l
i
t
e
a
u
g
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
ems
(G
SA
S)
o
f
t
w
o
o
p
erat
i
o
n
al
G
N
SS
-
1
mi
l
i
t
ar
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
t
h
e
U
S
g
l
o
b
al
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
(G
PS)
an
d
Ru
s
s
i
an
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
at
e
l
l
i
t
e
n
av
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
(G
L
O
N
A
SS).
In
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
are
al
s
o
i
n
t
ro
d
u
ce
d
t
h
e
s
p
eci
a
l
effect
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
i
p
s
RSA
S
n
et
w
o
rk
s
an
d
co
a
s
t
a
l
mo
v
eme
n
t
g
u
i
d
an
ce
a
n
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
(CMG
C)
s
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
mari
t
i
me
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
a
t
s
ea
an
d
i
n
s
ea
p
o
r
t
s
area
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
M
GC
C
NS
C
NSO
GN
S
S
I
S
P
S
P
VT
R
S
AS
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Dimov
S
toj
c
e
I
lce
v,
S
pa
c
e
S
c
ienc
e
C
e
ntr
e
(
S
S
C
)
,
Dur
ba
n
Unive
r
s
it
y
of
T
e
c
hnogy
(
DU
T
)
,
Du
r
ba
n,
S
outh
Af
r
ica
E
mail:
il
c
e
v@dut
.
a
c
.
z
a
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
G
N
S
S
-
1
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
(
P
V
T
)
a
n
d
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
U
S
G
P
S
a
n
d
R
u
s
s
i
a
n
G
L
O
N
A
S
S
m
i
l
i
t
a
r
y
s
p
a
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
.
B
o
t
h
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
G
N
S
S
-
1
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
3
0
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
g
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
G
P
S
o
r
G
L
O
N
A
S
S
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
(
R
x
)
o
n
b
o
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
d
u
e
t
o
s
o
m
e
a
n
o
m
a
l
i
e
s
c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
o
n
l
y
m
e
a
n
s
o
f
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
o
c
e
a
n
g
o
i
n
g
v
e
s
s
e
l
s
a
l
l
a
l
l
m
o
v
i
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
t
s
e
a
.
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
G
P
S
a
n
d
G
L
O
N
A
S
S
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
c
a
n
n
o
t
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
,
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
t
y
,
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
I
C
A
A
)
i
n
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
f
o
r
s
h
i
p
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
(
S
T
C
)
a
n
d
s
h
i
p
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
S
T
M
)
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
a
r
i
t
i
m
e
C
N
S
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
i
n
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
h
i
p
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
,
n
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
e
a
p
o
r
t
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
G
N
S
S
-
1
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
i
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
d
e
s
i
g
n
t
h
e
G
N
S
S
S
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
R
S
A
S
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
s
[
1
-
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
r
e
gional
s
atelli
te
augme
ntat
ion
s
y
s
tem
for
…
(
Dimov
Stoj
c
e
I
lce
v
)
1611
2.
COM
P
AR
I
S
ON
OF
T
HE
CU
RR
E
NT
AN
D
NE
W
M
AR
I
T
I
M
E
CN
S
S
YST
E
M
S
T
he
high
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
objec
ti
ve
s
f
or
mar
it
im
e
s
pa
c
e
(
r
a
dio
a
nd
s
a
telli
te)
C
NS
s
olut
ions
a
r
e
mos
tl
y
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
d
dur
ing
c
r
os
s
ing
the
oc
e
a
ns
,
s
a
il
ing
ne
a
r
c
oa
s
tl
ines
,
a
t
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
,
in
inl
a
nd
wa
ter
s
a
nd
withi
n
s
e
a
por
t
a
r
e
a
s
.
T
he
pr
e
c
is
ion
pos
it
ioni
ng
de
mands
o
f
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
is
1
a
nd
2
mi
les
r
e
late
d
f
or
high
s
e
a
s
na
vigation,
0.
25
mi
les
f
or
c
oa
s
tl
ine
s
a
il
ing
a
nd
a
bout
8
-
20
m
il
e
s
ope
r
a
ti
ons
a
t
the
a
nc
hor
a
ge
a
nd
a
t
the
s
e
a
por
ts
.
Anyw
a
y,
if
ther
e
is
no
R
S
AS
s
e
r
vice
in
a
pa
r
ti
c
ular
r
e
gion,
th
e
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
ne
twor
ks
a
r
e
a
ble
to
mee
t
s
uf
f
icie
ntl
y
a
c
c
ur
a
te
na
vigational
a
nd
s
a
f
e
ty
de
mands
dur
ing
oc
e
a
n
or
s
hor
e
li
ne
s
a
il
ing.
How
e
ve
r
,
f
or
s
a
il
ing
of
s
hips
dur
ing
s
igni
f
ica
nt
ba
d
we
a
ther
s
it
ua
ti
on,
e
nor
mo
us
r
e
duc
e
d
vis
ibi
li
ty,
a
nd
in
s
a
il
ing
a
r
e
a
s
with
e
xtr
e
mely
incr
e
a
s
e
d
ope
r
a
ti
ons
of
s
hips
,
a
t
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
a
nd
in
por
ts
,
ne
w
tec
hniques
of
the
C
NS
s
ys
tems
mus
t
be
de
ployed
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
ol
li
s
ion
a
voidanc
e
.
T
he
p
r
e
vious
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
moder
n
ma
r
it
im
e
s
pa
c
e
(
r
a
dio
a
nd
s
a
telli
te)
C
NS
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
a
r
e
pr
opos
e
d
a
s
f
utur
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
wit
h
ne
wly
de
ve
loped
R
S
AS
ne
two
r
ks
on
nor
ther
n
he
mi
s
phe
r
e
a
nd
pr
ojec
ted
on
S
outher
n
He
mi
s
phe
r
e
due
to
the
f
or
matio
n
of
a
ne
w
s
ys
tem
f
or
im
pr
ove
d
s
hip
t
r
a
f
f
ic
c
ontr
ol
(
S
T
C
)
a
nd
s
hip
tr
a
f
f
ic
mana
ge
ment
(
S
T
M
)
,
du
r
ing
a
ll
s
tage
s
of
s
a
il
ing,
a
t
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
a
nd
in
ha
r
bour
s
[
4
-
6]
.
2.
1.
M
ar
it
i
m
e
c
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
s
u
b
s
ys
t
e
m
(
M
CS
)
T
he
wor
ldwide
s
hippi
ng
c
ompanie
s
a
nd
ope
r
a
to
r
s
ha
ve
us
e
d
ove
r
the
de
c
a
de
s
a
nd
today
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
us
ing
s
hipbor
ne
c
onve
nti
ona
l
voice
a
nd
da
ta
r
a
dio
c
om
muni
c
a
ti
on
s
ys
tems
on
the
ve
r
y
high
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
V
HF)
ba
nd
f
or
s
hor
t
-
r
a
nge
a
t
dis
tanc
e
of
a
bout
60
mi
les
,
med
iu
m
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
M
F
)
ba
nd
f
or
medium
-
r
a
nge
a
t
di
s
tanc
e
of
a
bout
150
-
250
mi
les
a
nd
high
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
M
F
)
ba
n
d
f
o
r
long
-
r
a
nge
dis
tanc
e
s
up
to
3000
mi
les
du
r
ing
oc
e
a
nic
int
e
r
c
onti
ne
ntal
voya
ge
s
.
T
he
s
hip
r
a
dio
s
tation
(
S
R
S
)
onba
r
d
oc
e
a
ngoing
ve
s
s
e
ls
a
r
e
c
omm
unica
t
i
ng
with
c
oa
s
t
r
a
dio
s
tation
(
C
R
S
)
a
nd
s
hip
tr
a
f
f
ic
c
ontr
ol
(
S
T
C
)
/
s
hip
t
r
a
f
f
ic
mana
ge
ment
(
S
T
M
)
a
t
VH
F
ba
nd
via
dir
e
c
t
-
li
ne
of
s
ight
(
L
OS)
,
a
t
M
F
-
ba
nd
a
nd
HF
-
ba
nd
via
the
ionos
phe
r
e
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
on,
whic
h
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
in
F
igur
e
1.
S
hipbor
ne
VH
F
e
quipm
e
nt
is
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
c
ons
is
ti
ng
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iver
ins
talled
onboa
r
d
ve
s
s
e
ls
,
whic
h
is
in
us
e
f
or
voice
a
nd
da
ta
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ions
be
twe
e
n
ve
s
s
e
l
s
,
ve
s
s
e
l
s
a
nd
c
oa
s
t,
s
uc
h
a
s
c
onne
c
ti
ons
with
s
e
a
por
ts
a
uthor
it
ies
)
,
a
nd
in
s
pe
c
ial
s
it
ua
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
ve
s
s
e
ls
a
nd
a
ir
plane
s
.
T
he
VH
F
r
a
dio
us
e
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y
modul
a
ted
(
F
M
)
li
nks
in
t
he
ve
r
y
high
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
VH
F
)
a
t
156
to
174
M
Hz
.
T
he
I
nter
na
ti
ona
l
T
e
lec
omm
unica
ti
on
Union
(
I
T
U)
ha
s
a
n
of
f
icia
l
nomenc
latur
e
f
or
VH
F
-
ba
nd
known
a
s
VH
F
mar
it
im
e
mobi
le
ba
nd.
Othe
r
wis
e
,
the
c
e
r
tain
gove
r
nments
of
the
Nor
dic
c
ount
r
ies
a
r
e
us
ing
s
ome
s
pe
c
ial
VH
F
c
ha
nne
ls
a
t
L
a
nd
F
-
ba
nd
(
f
r
om
155.
5
to
155
.
825
M
Hz
)
f
or
ins
tallations
onboa
r
d
f
or
us
e
on
f
is
hing
a
nd
c
r
uis
e
ve
s
s
e
l
s
.
T
he
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
powe
r
of
VH
F
r
a
dio
is
u
p
to
25
wa
tt
s
with
r
a
ng
e
up
to
100
mi
les
dur
ing
the
night
.
T
he
VH
F
two
-
wa
ys
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
li
nks
in
c
oa
s
tal
wa
ter
s
be
twe
e
n
s
hips
S
R
S
a
nd
C
R
S
ter
mi
na
ls
c
a
n
be
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
d
with
ve
r
y
h
igh
mount
a
ins
a
nd
c
a
us
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
pr
oblems
f
or
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
.
T
hus
,
the
HF
r
a
dio
li
nks
be
twe
e
n
S
R
S
a
nd
C
R
S
ter
m
inals
s
ometim
e
s
c
a
nnot
be
pe
r
f
or
med
due
to
the
lac
k
of
the
r
e
quir
e
d
H
F
-
ba
nd,
incr
e
a
s
e
d
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
unf
a
vor
a
ble
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
c
ondit
ions
,
uns
table
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd,
poor
wa
ve
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
a
nd
ve
r
y
ba
d
we
a
ther
with
incr
e
a
s
e
d
thunder
s
tor
ms
.
T
hus
,
the
p
r
e
s
e
nt
mar
it
i
me
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
olut
ions
be
twe
e
n
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hip
s
a
nd
of
f
ice
s
a
t
s
hor
e
a
r
e
c
onduc
ted
via
VH
F
r
a
dio
thr
ough
dir
e
c
t
li
nk
ove
r
ho
r
izon
(
L
OS)
,
a
nd
f
or
medium
M
F
a
nd
long
r
a
nge
HF
a
r
e
us
ing
the
ionos
phe
r
ic
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ts
f
or
digi
tal
voice
a
nd
da
ta
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
R
F
)
ba
nds
,
known
a
s
mar
it
im
e
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
(
M
R
C
)
ne
twor
k,
whic
h
p
r
e
vious
or
pr
e
s
e
nt
r
a
dio
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
ne
twor
k
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
1
(
a
).
T
he
M
R
C
s
ys
tem
is
pr
ovidi
ng
s
hips
r
a
dio
c
omm
u
nica
ti
ons
on
VH
F
,
M
F
a
nd
HF
R
F
-
ba
nds
via
C
R
S
ter
mi
na
ls
to
c
on
ne
c
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
o
f
f
ice
s
a
t
s
hor
e
,
s
hip
owne
r
s
,
por
t
a
uthor
it
ies
,
S
T
C
a
nd
S
T
M
ter
mi
na
ls
.
I
n
c
e
r
tain
c
onge
s
ted
pa
r
ts
of
the
globe
the
M
R
C
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
ne
twor
k
is
li
mi
ted,
be
c
a
us
e
of
ve
r
y
pr
e
oc
c
upied
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
,
a
ddit
ional
r
a
dio
ba
nds
a
r
e
not
pr
ovided
,
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
r
a
dio
tr
a
f
f
ic
in
the
a
r
e
a
with
ve
r
y
ba
d
mete
or
ologi
c
a
l
s
it
ua
ti
on
de
pe
nds
on
the
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
a
nd
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
a
nd
s
ometim
e
s
due
to
the
dis
tr
e
s
s
a
ler
t
s
it
ua
ti
on
c
omm
e
r
c
ial
r
a
dio
t
r
a
f
f
ic
is
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
.
T
he
VH
F
r
a
dio
onboa
r
d
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
is
a
ls
o
de
dica
ted
f
or
dis
tr
e
s
s
a
ler
t,
s
a
f
e
ty,
s
e
c
ur
it
y
a
nd
e
mer
ge
nc
y
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
.
E
xc
e
pt
voice
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
,
r
a
dio
da
ta
tr
a
n
s
mi
s
s
ion
ha
ve
r
e
c
e
ntl
y
a
ls
o
be
e
n
us
e
d,
p
r
im
a
r
il
y
f
o
r
voya
ge
plan
a
nd
global
we
a
ther
(
W
X)
a
nd
na
vigation
(
NX
)
wa
r
ning.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
the
da
ta
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
f
or
the
na
vigation
br
idge
a
nd
c
a
bins
,
tele
phone
s
e
r
vice
f
or
c
r
e
wme
mber
s
a
nd
pa
s
s
e
nge
r
s
we
r
e
a
ls
o
e
mpl
oye
d
onboa
r
d
s
hip
s
.
F
inally,
pr
e
s
e
ntl
y
a
ll
s
hips
us
e
c
onve
nti
ona
l
r
a
dio
a
nd
s
a
telli
te
na
vigation
ins
tr
uments
,
but
s
ti
ll
us
e
r
a
da
r
f
or
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
f
a
c
il
it
ies
T
he
S
T
C
/S
T
M
f
a
c
il
it
ies
a
nd
ge
ne
r
a
l
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
we
r
e
r
e
c
e
ntl
y
upg
r
a
de
d
with
im
pleme
ntation
of
mar
it
im
e
s
a
telli
te
c
omm
unica
ti
on
(
M
S
C
)
,
whic
h
is
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
1
(
b
)
.
T
his
s
ys
tem
pr
ovides
voice
,
da
ta
a
nd
video
ove
r
I
P
(
VD
V
oI
P
)
via
s
a
telli
te
da
ta
li
nks
(
S
DL
)
,
s
a
telli
te
a
utom
a
ti
c
d
e
pe
nde
nt
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
-
br
oa
d
c
a
s
t
(
S
AD
S
-
B
)
,
glob
a
l
s
hips
tr
a
c
king
(
GST
)
,
long
r
a
nge
identi
f
ica
ti
on
a
nd
tr
a
c
k
ing
(
L
R
I
T
)
a
nd
voice
be
twe
e
n
s
hip
e
a
r
th
s
tation
(
S
E
S
)
a
nd
c
oa
s
t
e
a
r
th
s
tation
(
C
E
S
)
via
ge
os
tationar
y
e
a
r
th
or
bit
(
GE
O
)
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1610
-
1620
1612
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
1.
M
a
r
it
im
e
c
omm
un
ica
ti
on
s
ubs
ys
tem
f
or
C
NS/
S
T
M
s
ys
tem;
(
a
)
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b
)
ne
w
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
All
S
E
S
t
r
a
ns
c
e
iver
s
pe
r
f
or
m
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ve
tele
phon
e
(
voice
)
s
e
r
vice
,
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
of
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
pe
e
d
da
ta,
f
a
c
s
im
il
e
,
tele
x
a
nd
pictur
e
s
via
I
nmar
s
a
t
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t,
C
E
S
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
ter
r
e
s
tr
ial
tele
c
omm
unica
ti
on
ne
twor
k
(
T
T
N)
to
the
land
c
us
t
omer
s
.
T
he
ne
twor
k
ope
r
a
ti
ons
c
e
ntr
e
(
NO
C
)
is
s
it
ua
ted
a
t
I
nmar
s
a
t
he
a
dqua
r
ter
s
in
L
ondon,
while
I
nmar
s
a
t
gr
ound
ne
twor
k
(
I
GN
)
is
ope
r
a
ti
on
togethe
r
with
ne
twor
k
c
ontr
ol
c
e
ntr
e
(
NC
C
)
,
s
a
telli
te
c
ontr
o
l
c
e
ntr
e
(
S
C
C
)
,
ne
twor
k
c
oor
dinat
ion
s
tations
(
NC
S
)
a
nd
t
r
a
c
king,
a
nd
tele
metr
y,
c
omm
a
nd
(
T
T
&C
)
.
Othe
r
wis
e
,
I
GN
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
a
s
s
oc
iat
e
d
to
r
e
s
c
ue
c
oor
dination
c
e
ntr
e
(
R
C
C
)
in
c
a
s
e
of
dis
tr
e
s
s
a
ler
t
s
it
ua
ti
on.
T
he
I
nmar
s
a
t
M
S
C
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
c
onne
c
t
s
hor
e
us
e
r
s
via
mobi
le
int
e
gr
a
ted
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
digi
tal
ne
twor
k
(
I
S
DN
)
or
a
n
a
lwa
ys
-
o
n
mobi
le
pa
c
ke
t
da
ta
s
e
r
vice
(
M
P
DS
)
,
B
r
oa
dba
nd
I
S
DN
(B
-
I
S
DN
)
,
a
s
ync
hr
onous
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
mode
(
AT
M
)
,
u
niver
s
a
l
mobi
le
tele
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tems
(
UM
T
S
)
a
nd
ge
ne
r
a
l
pa
c
ke
t
r
a
dio
s
e
r
vice
(
GPR
S
)
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
the
I
nmar
s
a
t
M
S
C
s
ys
tem
pr
ovidi
ng
S
DL
s
e
r
v
ice
,
ne
w
GE
O
s
a
telli
te
c
ons
tellations
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
pr
ovide
th
e
late
s
t
DV
B
-
R
C
S
f
a
c
il
it
ies
,
s
uc
h
a
s
VD
VoI
P
s
e
r
vice
a
nd
S
AD
S
-
B
s
ys
tem,
whic
h
moder
n
M
C
S
ne
twor
k
is
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
2.
F
igur
e
2.
M
ode
r
n
M
C
S
Ne
twor
k
[
4]
On
the
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
a
s
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
2
,
the
R
S
AS
ne
twor
ks
a
r
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
c
ur
r
e
nt
M
C
S
s
olut
ion
s
with
GN
S
S
-
1
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
to
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
P
VT
s
igna
ls
to
e
mbedde
d
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
r
e
c
e
iver
s
onbo
a
r
d
s
hips
a
nd
S
E
S
t
r
a
ns
c
e
iver
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
in
the
r
e
tu
r
n
di
r
e
c
ti
on
a
ll
P
V
T
a
nd
a
ll
da
ta
obtaine
d
f
r
o
m
onboa
r
d
s
hips
GN
S
S
-
1
(
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
)
r
e
c
e
iver
s
c
a
n
be
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
r
e
d
by
S
E
S
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
s
manua
ll
y
o
r
a
utom
a
t
ica
ll
y
to
S
T
C
/S
T
M
via
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
a
nd
C
E
S
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
.
T
he
im
pleme
nted
t
r
a
de
a
nd
de
f
e
ns
e
M
C
S
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
a
nd
s
y
s
tems
a
r
e
of
gr
e
a
t
im
po
r
tanc
e
f
or
the
f
o
ll
owing
r
e
a
s
ons
:
a.
T
o
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
mar
it
im
e
s
a
telli
te
c
omm
unica
ti
on
li
nks
be
twe
e
n
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
oc
e
a
ngoing
ve
s
s
e
ls
a
nd
s
hor
e
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
,
a
nd
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
be
twe
e
n
s
hips
a
lone
via
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
s
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
r
e
gional
s
atelli
te
augme
ntat
ion
s
y
s
tem
for
…
(
Dimov
Stoj
c
e
I
lce
v
)
1613
b.
T
o
tr
a
ns
mi
t
a
ugmente
d
a
nd
not
-
a
ugmente
d
P
V
T
a
nd
other
in
f
or
mation
f
r
om
s
hips
to
S
T
C
te
r
mi
na
ls
via
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tr
a
ns
c
e
iver
.
T
his
da
ta
is
e
xtr
a
c
ted
f
r
om
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
onbo
a
r
d
r
e
c
e
iver
s
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
f
or
s
hip
na
vigation
uti
li
ti
e
s
or
e
xter
na
l
s
olut
ions
;
c.
T
o
tr
a
ns
mi
t
a
ugmente
d
a
nd
not
-
a
ugmente
d
P
V
T
a
nd
other
da
ta
f
r
om
s
hips
to
S
T
C
ter
mi
na
ls
via
G
E
O
s
a
telli
te
c
omm
unica
ti
on
t
r
a
ns
ponde
r
.
T
his
da
ta
is
e
xtr
a
c
ted
f
r
om
GP
S
or
GL
ON
ASS
onboa
r
d
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
s
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
f
or
s
hip
na
vigation
u
ti
li
ti
e
s
or
e
xt
e
r
na
l
s
olut
ions
;
d.
T
o
tr
a
ns
mi
t
a
ugmente
d
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
P
VT
a
nd
other
pos
it
ioni
ng
da
ta
f
r
om
S
T
C
/S
T
M
s
tations
to
a
ll
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
via
G
E
O
GN
S
S
(
na
vigation)
s
a
telli
te
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
,
whic
h
will
s
e
r
ve
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
;
a
nd
e.
T
o
take
les
s
ti
me
in
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
a
nd
de
li
ve
r
y
incr
e
a
s
e
d
a
mount
of
in
f
or
mation
than
the
M
R
C
ne
twor
k
s
ys
tem
it
s
e
lf
doe
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
M
S
C
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
r
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
c
h
e
a
p
,
s
e
c
u
r
e
a
n
d
f
a
s
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
c
e
a
n
-
g
o
i
n
g
s
h
i
ps
a
n
d
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
u
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
o
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
a
l
l
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
o
n
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
S
A
S
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
t
o
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
G
N
S
S
-
1
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
d
a
t
a
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
m
o
d
e
r
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
n
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
M
S
C
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
m
a
n
y
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
n
e
w
b
r
o
a
d
c
a
s
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
l
t
i
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
p
a
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
o
S
E
S
o
n
b
o
a
r
d
s
h
i
p
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
W
i
t
h
n
e
w
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
,
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
o
t
h
G
E
O
a
n
d
N
o
n
-
G
E
O
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
p
a
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
i
s
s
t
e
a
d
i
l
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
n
e
e
d
s
t
h
e
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
s
p
a
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
i
n
o
r
b
i
t
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
a
l
l
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
.
F
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
G
E
O
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
c
o
n
s
t
e
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
3
t
o
4
s
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
[
3
,
7
-
1
0
]
.
2.
2.
M
ar
it
i
m
e
n
avigat
ion
s
u
b
s
ys
t
e
m
(
M
NS)
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
(
pr
e
vious
)
ma
r
it
im
e
na
vigation
s
ubs
ys
tem
a
nd
ne
twor
k
is
uti
li
z
ing
tr
a
dit
ional
s
hip
VH
F
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tr
a
ns
c
e
iver
de
s
igned
to
tr
a
ns
mi
t
P
V
T
,
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
,
pos
it
ioni
ng,
dis
tanc
e
,
dir
e
c
ti
on
a
nd
I
D
inf
or
mation
thr
ough
C
R
S
to
S
T
C
/S
T
M
te
r
mi
n
a
ls
us
ing
ne
w
VH
F
r
a
dio
-
a
utom
a
ti
c
identif
ica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
(R
-
AI
S
)
tr
a
ns
c
e
iver
s
,
whic
h
s
a
mpl
e
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
(
a
)
.
I
n
2002
,
the
I
M
O
r
a
ti
f
ied
the
s
a
f
e
li
f
e
a
t
s
e
a
(
S
OL
AS)
c
onve
nti
on
a
s
a
n
obli
ga
ti
on
f
or
a
ll
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
ove
r
300
GR
T
in
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
ma
r
it
im
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
to
de
ploy
a
C
las
s
A
R
-
AI
S
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
.
I
n
a
ddi
t
ion,
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
mar
i
ti
me
na
vigation
s
ys
tem
a
ls
o
uti
li
ti
e
s
onboa
r
d
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
a
ddit
ional
e
quipm
e
nt,
s
uc
h
a
s
r
a
dio
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inder
(
R
DF)
a
nd
a
utom
a
ti
c
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inder
(
AD
F
)
,
both
a
s
onboa
r
d
s
hips
e
lec
tr
onic
na
v
igation
tool
s
.
T
he
GN
S
S
-
1
ne
twor
k
c
ons
is
ti
ng
GPS
a
nd
GL
ON
ASS
s
a
telli
tes
is
r
e
a
li
z
ing
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
f
a
c
il
it
ies
f
or
s
hips
a
nd
other
mobi
le
s
ys
tems
a
t
L
1/l
2/L
5
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
whic
h
a
r
e
de
tr
a
c
ti
ng
P
VT
da
ta
via
s
hips
G
P
S
or
GL
ON
ASS
r
e
c
e
iver
s
.
I
n
f
a
c
t,
the
GN
S
S
-
1
ne
tw
or
ks
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
e
pos
it
ion
a
r
e
e
nha
nc
e
d
by
loca
l
s
a
telli
te
a
ugmenta
ti
on
s
ys
tem
(
L
S
AS)
f
o
r
s
e
a
por
ts
or
R
S
AS
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
of
the
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
s
olut
ions
r
e
gionally.
T
he
n,
the
r
e
c
e
ived
GN
S
S
-
1
da
ta
f
r
om
GPS
o
r
GL
ON
ASS
s
a
telli
tes
a
t
s
a
me
L
1/l
2/L
5
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
by
Gr
ound
M
onit
or
ing
S
tations
(
GM
S
)
a
r
e
f
or
wa
r
ding
via
ne
twor
k
c
oor
dination
s
tations
(
NC
S
)
to
th
e
gr
ound
c
ontr
ol
s
tation
(
GC
S
)
f
o
r
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing,
s
tor
ing
in
f
il
e
s
a
nd
dis
playing
onto
li
ke
r
a
da
r
s
c
r
e
e
n
f
or
f
ur
t
he
r
us
a
ge
.
T
he
P
VT
da
ta
f
r
o
m
GC
S
ins
tallation
is
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
via
a
GN
S
S
(
na
vigation)
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
a
boa
r
d
the
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
a
nd
GE
S
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
the
S
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
a
s
a
n
a
ugmente
d
GN
S
S
-
1
s
ignal
a
t
L
1
or
L
2
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
whic
h
c
a
n
be
uti
li
z
e
d
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
a
nd
s
hips
guidanc
e
e
s
pe
c
i
a
ll
y
dur
ing
e
xtr
e
me
we
a
ther
c
ondit
ions
.
T
he
mar
it
im
e
indus
tr
y
is
a
ls
o
us
ing
the
d
if
f
e
r
e
nti
a
l
GP
S
(
DG
P
S
)
ne
twor
k
de
s
igned
by
the
US
C
oa
s
t
Gua
r
d
of
f
ice
,
whic
h
may
be
c
a
ll
e
d
the
l
oc
a
l
VH
F
a
ugmenta
ti
on
s
ys
tem
(
L
VA
S
)
.
T
hus
,
the
R
S
AS
ne
twor
ks
a
r
e
int
e
gr
a
ted
c
omponents
of
the
GSAS
ne
twor
ks
to
pr
ovide
a
ugmenta
ti
on
of
GN
S
S
-
1
ne
twor
ks
,
while
the
M
NS
int
e
gr
a
ted
in
a
ny
R
S
A
S
ne
twor
k
c
a
n
tr
a
ns
mi
t
pos
it
ioni
ng
da
ta
via
voice
or
da
ta
,
whi
c
h
s
a
mpl
e
is
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
4.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
moder
n
M
NS
ne
twor
k
with
onbo
a
r
d
s
hips
GPS
o
r
GL
ON
ASS
r
e
c
e
iver
s
r
e
c
e
ive
not
-
a
ugmente
d
GN
S
S
da
ta
s
ignals
a
nd
s
im
ult
a
ne
ous
ly
a
r
e
ge
tt
ing
a
ugmente
d
P
V
T
da
ta
f
r
om
GC
S
via
C
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
moni
to
r
e
d
by
ne
twor
k
c
ontr
ol
s
tation
(
NC
S
)
.
T
hus
,
with
the
us
e
of
the
GN
S
S
da
ta
f
or
o
c
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
,
ther
e
is
a
s
it
ua
ti
on
whe
n
it
s
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
a
r
e
not
s
uf
f
icie
nt
f
or
the
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
I
C
AA
de
mands
f
or
s
hips
na
vigation
a
c
r
os
s
oc
e
a
n
s
,
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
c
oa
s
tal
li
ne
s
,
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
a
nd
be
r
ths
in
por
ts
.
T
he
R
S
AS
ne
twor
k
pr
ovides
the
s
a
f
e
s
a
il
ing
unde
r
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
na
vi
ga
ti
on
a
nd
we
a
ther
s
it
ua
ti
ons
a
nd
a
ls
o
whe
n
vis
i
bil
it
y
is
r
e
duc
e
d.
T
his
ne
twor
k
will
be
a
ble
to
mee
t
e
nha
nc
e
d
pos
s
ibi
li
ty
f
or
pr
e
c
is
e
pos
it
ioni
ng
a
nd
a
f
f
or
da
ble
s
olut
ions
f
or
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
of
the
GN
S
S
a
ugmente
d
inf
o
r
mat
ion
f
r
o
m
the
GC
S
a
nd
C
E
S
tr
a
ns
c
e
iver
s
a
t
the
s
a
m
e
GN
S
S
f
r
e
que
nc
y
via
GE
O
GN
S
S
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
to
the
S
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
in
a
ll
s
tage
s
of
the
s
hip
voya
ge
s
[
3
,
4
,
11
,
12]
.
T
h
e
s
a
f
e
ty
o
f
s
h
ips
is
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
d
e
p
lo
y
men
t
o
f
A
I
S
tr
a
ns
c
e
i
ve
r
on
boa
r
d
o
f
a
bo
ut
100
,
0
00
s
hi
ps
,
w
hi
c
h
is
s
ho
wn
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
a
)
.
B
e
c
a
us
e
it
us
e
s
t
he
V
H
F
-
ba
nd
,
i
ts
m
o
r
e
c
on
ve
ni
e
n
t
t
o
c
a
l
l
it
a
s
R
a
d
io
-
A
I
S
(
R
-
A
I
S
)
,
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d
to
p
r
o
vi
de
un
i
que
s
h
ip
p
os
i
t
io
ni
ng
,
t
r
a
c
k
in
g
,
c
o
u
r
s
e
,
s
pe
e
d
a
nd
i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
ll
o
f
w
h
ich
a
r
e
in
di
c
a
ted
on
a
s
c
r
e
e
n
o
r
a
n
e
le
c
t
r
on
ic
c
ha
r
t
d
is
p
la
y
in
f
o
r
ma
t
io
n
s
ys
tem
(
E
C
D
I
S
)
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
,
the
R
-
A
I
S
o
n
boa
r
d
s
h
ip
un
it
is
d
e
d
ic
a
te
d
to
e
na
ble
na
vi
ga
to
r
s
on
t
he
b
r
id
ge
a
nd
p
r
o
vi
de
to
ma
r
i
t
im
e
a
u
th
o
r
i
t
ies
a
nd
s
e
a
p
o
r
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1610
-
1620
1614
d
e
t
e
r
m
in
a
t
io
n
,
t
r
a
c
k
in
g
,
m
on
i
to
r
in
g
a
n
d
m
a
na
ge
me
nt
o
f
v
e
s
s
e
l
c
o
u
r
s
e
s
a
nd
pos
it
io
ns
.
T
h
e
R
-
A
I
S
un
i
t
is
c
o
m
pos
e
d
b
y
t
r
a
d
it
io
na
l
VH
F
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
a
n
d
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
,
GP
S
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
a
n
d
i
nc
lu
di
ng
na
v
i
ga
t
i
on
i
ns
tr
u
men
ts
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
s
h
i
ps
g
y
r
o
-
c
o
mpas
s
,
s
pe
e
d
me
a
s
u
r
in
g
de
v
ic
e
s
,
e
t
c
.
I
n
th
is
s
e
ns
e
,
s
h
ips
e
q
u
ip
pe
d
w
i
th
R
-
A
I
S
t
r
a
ns
c
e
iv
e
r
s
s
a
i
li
n
g
a
lo
ng
s
ho
r
e
wa
te
r
s
m
a
y
be
mo
ni
to
r
e
d
b
y
R
-
A
I
S
C
R
S
t
e
r
mi
na
ls
(
b
a
s
e
s
ta
ti
on
)
s
e
t
up
a
lo
ng
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
li
ne
s
.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l,
R
-
AI
S
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
is
a
n
a
utom
a
ted
s
ys
tem
onboa
r
d
s
hips
that
on
a
s
mall
s
c
r
e
e
n
dis
plays
other
a
djac
e
nt
s
hips
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
v
oid
a
nc
e
.
T
he
R
-
AI
S
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
is
de
f
a
c
to
r
a
dio
t
r
a
ns
c
e
iver
e
quipm
e
nt
that
ope
r
a
tes
in
the
mar
it
im
e
mobi
le
V
HF
-
ba
nd.
B
e
s
ides
,
the
s
hip
in
que
s
ti
on
may
a
ls
o
b
e
s
e
e
n
on
the
s
c
r
e
e
ns
of
other
s
hips
in
the
ne
a
r
vicinit
y
.
Ho
we
ve
r
,
i
f
c
e
r
tain
s
hip
is
not
f
it
ted
with
R
-
AI
S
or
if
i
t
not
s
witche
d
on,
ther
e
will
be
no
pos
s
ibi
li
ty
of
e
xc
ha
n
ging
pos
it
ion
inf
or
mation
a
nd
will
be
da
nge
r
ous
f
or
s
a
f
e
ty
in
na
vigation.
T
he
R
-
AI
S
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
onboa
r
d
s
hip
mus
t
a
lwa
ys
be
s
witche
d
on
unles
s
the
s
hip'
s
c
a
ptain
c
onc
ludes
that
it
m
us
t
be
tu
r
ne
d
of
f
f
or
the
s
a
f
e
ty
of
the
s
hip,
c
r
e
w
a
nd
a
ny
other
r
e
a
s
on.
T
he
R
-
AI
S
unit
c
a
n
be
a
ls
o
int
e
gr
a
ted
with
VH
F
da
ta
e
xc
ha
nge
s
ys
tem
(
VD
E
S
)
s
of
twa
r
e
de
f
ined
r
a
dio
(
S
DR
)
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
s
hips
tr
a
c
king
s
olut
ions
.
T
he
ne
w
M
S
N
ne
twor
k
is
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
G
P
S
a
nd
GL
ON
ASS
s
ys
tems
a
s
a
c
omponents
of
the
GN
S
S
-
1
ne
twor
k
to
pr
ov
ide
s
e
c
ur
e
not
-
a
ugmente
d
pos
it
ioni
ng
da
ta
in
r
e
a
l
s
pa
c
e
a
nd
ti
me.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
GN
S
S
-
1
ne
twor
k
int
e
gr
a
ted
with
GE
O
s
a
telli
tes
in
R
S
AS
ne
twor
k
will
e
na
ble
a
ugmente
d
GN
S
S
(
po
s
it
ioni
ng)
inf
or
mati
on,
whic
h
is
s
h
own
in
F
igu
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
I
n
the
c
a
s
e
whe
n
R
-
S
AS
ter
mi
na
l
o
f
the
M
NS
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
is
out
of
c
ove
r
a
ge
f
r
om
s
hor
e
moni
tor
ing
s
y
s
tem
it
c
a
n
b
e
us
e
d
s
a
telli
te
-
AI
S
(
S
-
AI
S
)
,
L
R
I
T
,
S
AD
S
-
B
,
S
DL
a
nd
ne
w
GST
via
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
c
ons
tellations
.
T
he
S
-
AI
S
c
a
n
o
pe
r
a
te
v
ia
a
n
incr
e
a
s
ing
number
of
GE
O
a
nd
N
on
-
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
c
ons
tellations
c
onne
c
ti
ng
ve
s
s
e
ls
e
quipped
with
s
pe
c
ial
S
-
AI
S
tr
a
ns
c
e
iver
s
with
a
bil
it
y
t
o
e
nlar
ge
R
-
AI
S
r
a
nge
.
T
he
be
tt
e
r
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
than
L
R
I
T
is
a
lr
e
a
dy
s
tate
d
GS
T
s
ys
tem
de
s
igned
by
a
uthor
o
f
t
his
pa
pe
r
in
2000
[
3
,
13
,
14
]
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
3.
M
a
r
it
im
e
na
vigation
s
ubs
ys
tem
f
or
C
NS/
S
T
M
s
ys
tem;
(
a
)
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b
)
ne
w
na
vigation
s
ys
tem
[
3]
F
igur
e
4.
M
ode
r
n
M
NS
n
e
twor
k
[
4
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
r
e
gional
s
atelli
te
augme
ntat
ion
s
y
s
tem
for
…
(
Dimov
Stoj
c
e
I
lce
v
)
1615
2.
3.
M
ar
it
i
m
e
s
u
r
ve
il
lan
c
e
s
u
b
s
ys
t
e
m
(
M
S
S
)
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
mar
it
im
e
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
s
ubs
ys
tem
is
pr
ovided
by
c
oa
s
tal
gr
ound
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
r
a
da
r
(
GSR
)
,
whic
h
is
de
f
a
c
to
the
s
hor
e
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
r
a
da
r
s
s
tation
de
ployed
to
pr
ovide
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
o
f
s
hips
i
n
c
oa
s
tal
wa
ter
s
.
I
n
a
ddit
i
on,
M
S
s
e
r
vice
is
a
ls
o
pr
ovided
by
tr
a
dit
ional
VH
F
voice
/data
pos
it
ioni
ng
r
e
por
ti
n
g
s
ys
tem
via
VH
F
C
R
S
a
nd
HF
voice
/data
pos
it
ioni
ng
r
e
por
t
via
HF
C
R
S
to
the
S
T
C
/S
T
M
ter
mi
na
ls
,
whic
h
s
ys
tem
is
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
5
(
a
)
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
M
S
S
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
o
f
the
s
hips
r
a
da
r
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
of
the
GSR
s
hor
e
s
tation
s
,
GPS
a
nd
GL
ON
ASS
GN
S
S
-
1
s
a
telli
te
c
ons
tellations
with
I
nmar
s
a
t
or
other
G
E
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
ne
twor
ks
.
I
n
s
uc
h
kind
of
s
c
e
na
r
io,
the
S
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
onboa
r
d
s
hips
a
r
e
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
P
V
T
a
nd
other
da
ta
f
r
om
GN
S
S
-
1s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
a
nd
a
uto
matica
ll
y
or
manua
ll
y
s
e
nds
thi
s
inf
o
r
mation
via
S
AD
S
-
B
,
S
DL
a
nd
GS
T
thr
ough
G
E
O
s
a
telli
tes
a
nd
C
E
S
te
r
mi
na
ls
to
c
oll
e
c
t
na
vigation
inf
o
r
mation
to
the
S
T
C
/S
T
M
ter
mi
na
ls
,
whic
h
ne
twor
k
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
5
(b
)
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
ne
w
M
S
S
s
ubs
ys
tem
c
a
n
a
l
s
o
buil
d
the
ba
c
k
up
GSR
s
tations
in
the
r
a
nge
o
f
r
a
da
r
s
tati
ons
.
T
he
moder
n
M
S
S
ne
twor
k
f
or
R
S
AS
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
c
a
n
include
GE
O
I
nmar
s
a
t
a
nd
a
s
we
ll
a
s
Digit
a
l
Vide
o
B
r
oa
dc
a
s
ti
ng
-
R
e
tur
n
C
ha
nne
l
via
S
a
telli
te
(
DV
B
-
R
C
S
)
M
S
C
ne
twor
ks
.
T
he
DV
B
-
R
C
S
s
a
telli
t
e
s
ys
tem
is
pr
ovidi
ng
s
pe
c
ial
onboa
r
d
s
hips
e
quipm
e
nt
int
r
o
duc
e
d
a
s
a
Ve
r
y
S
mall
Ape
r
tur
e
T
e
r
mi
na
ls
(
VSAT
)
with
C
,
Ku
a
nd
Ka
-
ba
nd
r
e
f
lec
tor
dis
h.
I
n
f
a
c
t,
the
DV
B
-
R
C
S
s
tanda
r
ds
a
r
e
the
be
s
t
s
olut
ions
f
or
de
ployi
n
g
mor
e
r
e
li
a
ble
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
M
S
C
c
on
f
igur
a
ti
ons
a
s
ba
c
kbone
to
other
c
onve
nti
ona
l
GE
O
s
a
telli
te
ne
twor
ks
.
T
he
I
nmar
s
a
t
M
S
C
ne
twor
k
ope
r
a
tes
in
s
uc
h
a
wa
y
that
a
ll
s
hips
tr
a
ve
li
ng
a
c
r
os
s
the
oc
e
a
n
c
a
n
r
e
c
e
i
ve
their
GN
S
S
-
1
pos
it
ioni
ng
in
f
or
mation
f
r
om
a
non
-
a
ugm
e
nted
or
a
ugmente
d
GP
S
or
GL
ON
ASS
s
hipbor
ne
r
e
c
e
iver
s
a
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
t
P
V
T
na
vigation
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
a
nd
oth
e
r
s
hip
in
f
or
mation
via
a
GE
O
c
omm
unica
ti
on
t
r
a
ns
ponde
r
a
nd
C
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
to
the
gr
ound
S
T
C
/S
T
M
c
umput
ing
a
nd
dis
play
s
ys
tem
s
im
il
a
r
to
the
r
a
da
r
s
c
r
e
e
n,
a
s
is
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igu
r
e
6
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
5.
M
a
r
it
im
e
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
s
ubs
ys
tem
f
or
C
NS/
S
T
M
s
ys
tem;
(
a
)
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
s
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b)
ne
w
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
s
ys
tem
[
3]
F
igur
e
6.
M
ode
r
n
M
S
S
Ne
twor
k
[
4
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1610
-
1620
1616
I
n
c
ontr
a
s
t,
the
S
T
C
/S
T
M
ter
mi
na
ls
c
a
n
f
o
r
wa
r
d
pos
it
ions
f
r
om
ne
a
r
by
ve
s
e
ls
in
a
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
e
a
a
r
e
a
via
C
E
S
ter
mi
na
l
,
s
o
the
s
hip
in
que
s
ti
on
s
hould
r
e
c
e
ive
thi
s
da
ta
to
a
void
e
ve
ntual
c
oll
is
ions
.
T
his
s
o
lut
ion
is
s
igni
f
iant
f
or
ve
s
e
ls
c
r
os
s
ing
the
high
s
e
a
s
dur
ing
a
dve
r
s
e
we
tahe
r
c
ondit
ions
,
r
e
duc
e
d
vis
ibi
li
ty
c
a
us
e
d
by
he
a
vy
f
og
a
nd
wide
s
pr
e
a
d
c
louds
,
whe
n
r
a
da
r
s
a
r
e
una
ble
to
ope
r
a
te
pr
ope
r
ly
due
to
poor
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ts
.
T
he
pos
it
ioni
ng
a
nd
other
inf
o
r
mation
obtaine
d
by
the
GN
S
S
-
1
(
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
)
c
ons
tellations
a
r
e
f
or
wa
r
de
d
to
the
pr
incipa
l
S
ur
ve
i
ll
a
nc
e
P
r
oc
e
s
s
or
a
nd
Dis
play
(
S
P
D)
in
S
T
C
/S
T
M
c
e
ntr
e
s
to
be
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
a
l
l
pos
it
ioni
ng
da
ta
a
nd
dis
play
on
the
s
c
r
e
e
n
l
ike
r
a
da
r
dis
play.
I
n
the
oppos
it
e
dir
e
c
ti
on,
a
t
the
r
e
que
s
t
f
o
r
wa
r
de
d
by
the
c
a
ptain
f
r
o
m
the
s
hip,
c
ontr
oll
e
r
s
a
t
the
S
P
D
c
e
ntr
e
may
tr
a
ns
mi
t
P
T
V
a
ugmente
d
inf
or
matio
n,
I
D
a
nd
pos
it
ions
of
a
ll
ve
s
s
e
l
in
pa
r
t
icula
r
a
r
e
a
s
via
a
GN
S
S
(
na
vigational
)
t
r
a
ns
ponde
r
onboa
r
d
GE
O
s
a
telli
tes
,
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
dur
ing
th
e
night
or
e
xtr
e
mely
he
a
vy
f
og
a
nd
ba
d
we
a
ther
c
o
ndit
ions
,
with
s
tr
ong
wind,
s
howe
r
s
a
nd
thunder
s
tor
ms
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
P
V
T
da
ta
a
nd
o
ther
na
vigation
r
e
po
r
t
s
may
be
s
e
nt
f
r
om
s
hips
r
e
gular
ly
a
nd
r
a
ndoml
y
by
na
vigat
ion
of
f
ice
r
s
.
Othe
r
wis
e
,
the
s
hip's
c
a
ptain
may
r
e
q
ue
s
t
that
thes
e
s
hor
e
c
e
ntr
e
s
e
nd
him
the
pos
it
ions
of
ne
a
r
by
s
hips
or
e
ve
n
r
e
c
e
ive
s
uc
h
a
type
P
VT
a
nd
other
da
ta
thr
ough
the
da
ta
r
e
por
t
a
nd
po
ll
ing
s
ys
tem
by
c
o
mm
a
nd
f
r
om
the
s
hor
e
-
ba
s
e
d
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
c
e
ntr
e
.
I
n
s
uc
h
a
wa
y,
thi
s
s
ys
tem
is
us
ing
s
p
e
c
ial
da
ta
r
e
por
ti
ng
a
nd
poll
ing
c
omm
unica
ti
on
pr
otocol
to
ob
tain
P
VT
da
ta
a
nd
other
inf
o
r
mation
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
a
nd
be
tt
e
r
s
hip
guidanc
e
[
3
,
15
-
17]
.
3.
S
P
E
CI
AL
E
F
F
E
CT
S
OF
T
HE
M
AR
I
T
I
M
E
RSAS
NE
T
WORKS
T
he
s
pe
c
ial
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
the
mar
it
im
e
R
S
AS
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
r
e
s
a
f
e
ty
e
nha
nc
e
ments
on
s
hor
t
a
nd
lo
ng
r
a
nge
s
,
r
e
duc
ti
on
of
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
mi
nim
a
,
f
lexible
s
a
il
ing
p
r
of
il
e
planning
a
nd
c
oa
s
tal
moveme
nt
guida
nc
e
a
nd
c
on
tr
ol,
whic
h
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
e
C
NS
s
olut
ions
,
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
,
pos
it
io
ning
a
nd
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
of
s
hips
in
na
vigation
a
c
r
os
s
oc
e
a
ns
,
s
e
a
c
ha
nne
ls
,
ne
a
r
by
s
hor
e
li
ne
s
,
a
ppr
oa
c
hing
to
the
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
a
nd
in
the
por
t
s
ur
f
a
c
e
f
or
t
r
a
f
f
ic
o
f
s
hips
a
nd
gr
ound
ve
hicle
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
tr
uc
k
a
nd
tr
a
in
s
.
T
he
s
e
s
pe
c
ial
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
the
M
T
AS
s
a
telli
te
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
r
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
f
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
hip's
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
,
s
a
f
e
ty,
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on,
moveme
nt
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
f
a
c
il
it
ies
a
t
a
ny
s
tage
of
na
vigation,
to
p
r
ovide
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
of
ve
s
e
ls
dur
ing
na
vigation,
to
a
ll
ow
f
lexi
ble
a
nd
e
c
onomi
c
a
l
t
r
a
ve
l
to
opt
im
a
l
c
our
e
s
e
s
,
to
im
p
r
ove
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
,
c
ontr
ol
,
guidanc
e
a
nd
s
a
f
e
ty
in
c
oa
s
tal
wa
ter
s
,
a
nc
hor
a
ge
a
ppr
oa
c
hings
a
nd
in
s
e
a
por
ts
a
r
e
a
s
[
4,
18]
.
3.
1.
S
a
f
e
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
s
at
s
h
or
t
an
d
lon
g
r
an
ge
s
A
quit
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
im
pa
c
t
of
the
R
S
AS
ne
twor
ks
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
C
NS/
S
T
M
s
olut
ions
a
r
e
to
r
e
a
li
z
e
c
onc
e
pt
of
the
s
a
f
e
ty
e
nha
nc
e
ment
a
t
s
hor
t
r
a
nge
s
(
S
E
S
R
)
via
C
R
S
a
nd
GE
S
ter
m
inals
,
whic
h
c
u
r
r
e
nt
or
o
ld
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
ne
twor
k
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
7
(
a
)
a
nd
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
ne
twor
k
is
s
h
own
in
F
igu
r
e
7
(
b
).
At
thi
s
point
,
p
r
e
s
e
nt
r
a
dio
s
olut
ion
f
or
s
hor
t
r
a
n
ge
s
be
twe
e
n
s
hip
s
a
nd
C
R
S
ter
mi
na
ls
is
obtaine
d
by
VH
F
voice
or
by
digi
tal
s
e
lec
ti
ve
c
a
ll
(
DSC
)
VH
F
voi
c
e
a
nd
da
ta
ne
twor
k
a
nd
de
vice
s
.
I
n
thi
s
wa
y,
the
ve
s
s
e
l’
s
c
a
ptain
or
na
vigating
de
c
k
of
f
ice
r
ope
r
a
ti
ng
in
S
R
S
will
ha
ve
many
dif
f
iculti
e
s
to
e
s
tablis
h
br
idge
-
to
-
s
hor
e
a
nd
s
hor
e
-
to
-
br
idge
voice
r
a
dio
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ions
with
C
R
S
ter
mi
na
ls
whe
n
the
pos
it
ion
of
s
hip
is
in
the
ove
r
s
ha
dowe
d
by
c
ha
ins
of
ve
r
y
h
igh
mount
a
ins
in
the
s
hor
e
li
ne
s
e
a
w
a
ter
s
.
Othe
r
wis
e
,
the
r
ole
of
a
mar
it
i
me
pi
lo
t
is
ve
r
y
im
por
tant
in
por
t
ope
r
a
ti
ons
,
na
mely
pil
ots
he
lp
in
mane
uve
r
ing
s
hip
while
a
r
r
ivi
ng
o
r
de
pa
r
ti
ng
a
s
e
a
por
t.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
7.
S
E
S
R
S
ubs
ys
tem
via
C
R
S
a
nd
G
E
S
ter
m
inals
;
(
a
)
old
VH
F
r
a
dio
c
omm
unic
a
ti
on
s
ubs
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b)
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
C
NS/
S
T
M
s
ubs
ys
tem
[
5]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
r
e
gional
s
atelli
te
augme
ntat
ion
s
y
s
tem
for
…
(
Dimov
Stoj
c
e
I
lce
v
)
1617
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
a
l
l
s
hi
ps
op
e
r
a
t
in
g
in
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
wa
te
r
s
o
r
in
t
h
e
s
e
a
p
a
s
s
a
ge
s
a
n
d
i
n
ins
id
e
of
ha
r
bo
u
r
s
h
a
v
in
g
p
r
ob
le
ms
t
o
e
s
ta
bl
is
h
VH
F
r
a
d
io
c
on
ne
c
t
io
n
,
a
r
e
a
b
le
to
p
r
o
vi
de
s
a
te
ll
i
te
c
om
mu
ni
c
a
ti
on
a
nd
na
vi
ga
ti
o
n
da
ta
t
r
a
ns
m
is
s
i
ons
e
ve
n
a
t
s
ho
r
t
r
a
n
ge
s
a
n
d
w
he
r
e
c
o
m
mu
ni
c
a
ti
ons
a
nd
na
v
ig
a
t
io
n
c
a
nn
ot
oc
c
u
r
be
c
a
us
e
o
f
m
o
un
ta
in
ous
c
o
nf
ig
u
r
a
ti
on
.
T
hi
s
p
os
s
i
bi
l
it
y
is
s
i
gni
f
ic
a
n
t
f
o
r
s
a
f
e
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
e
s
a
i
li
ng
d
ur
in
g
e
xt
r
e
me
ly
s
e
v
e
r
e
w
e
a
the
r
c
on
d
it
io
ns
a
nd
p
oo
r
vi
s
i
bi
li
ty
in
s
e
a
p
a
s
s
a
ge
s
,
a
nc
ho
r
a
ge
s
a
nd
a
l
on
g
c
os
t
to
a
vo
id
dis
a
s
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
l
li
s
io
ns
.
T
he
R
S
AS
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
a
nd
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
M
S
C
C
NS/
S
T
C
s
ys
tems
a
r
e
L
OS
s
olut
ions
a
ble
to
pr
ovi
de
S
a
f
e
ty
E
nha
nc
e
ment
a
t
L
ong
R
a
nge
s
(
S
E
L
R
)
s
ubs
ys
tem,
whic
h
f
a
de
d
HF
r
a
dio
is
s
own
in
F
igur
e
8
(
a
)
a
nd
n
ois
e
-
f
r
e
e
s
a
telli
te
s
ys
tem
i
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
8
(
b
)
.
At
th
is
point
,
numer
ous
oc
e
a
ngoing
ve
s
s
e
ls
be
yond
the
c
ov
e
r
a
ge
of
VH
F
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
c
a
n
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
via
C
E
S
ter
mi
na
ls
their
a
ugmente
d
or
not
a
ugmente
d
GN
S
S
-
1
pos
it
ion
to
S
T
C
/S
T
M
s
tations
or
will
r
e
c
e
ive
n
a
vigation
a
nd
we
a
ther
wa
r
nings
f
or
im
pr
ove
d
s
a
f
e
ty
in
na
vigation
a
nd
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
[
3
,
19
]
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
8.
S
E
L
R
s
ubs
ys
tem;
(
a
)
old
HF/
M
F
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
(
b)
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
C
NS/
S
T
C
[
5]
3.
2.
Re
d
u
c
t
io
n
of
s
e
p
ar
at
ion
m
in
im
a
(
RSM
)
T
he
old
or
c
u
r
r
e
nt
r
e
duc
ti
on
o
f
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
mi
ni
ma
(
R
S
M
)
s
olut
ion
is
c
ontr
oll
e
d
by
VH
F
o
r
HF
c
onve
nti
ona
l
r
a
dio
s
ys
tem
a
nd
gr
ound
R
a
da
r
C
ontr
ol
S
tation
(
R
C
S
)
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
,
whic
h
a
ll
o
ws
lar
ge
dis
tanc
e
s
only
be
tw
e
e
n
s
hi
p
s
,
a
s
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
9
(
a
)
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
ne
w
C
NS/
S
T
C
s
ys
tem
pr
ovides
im
pr
ove
d
moni
to
r
ing
a
nd
dis
tanc
e
s
of
many
s
hips
i
n
the
s
a
me
s
e
a
pa
s
s
a
ge
s
,
whic
h
a
ll
ows
the
mi
nim
u
m
s
e
c
ur
e
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
ons
a
nd
e
nha
n
c
e
d
c
oll
is
ion
a
voidanc
e
.
T
he
ne
w
C
NS/
S
T
C
ne
twor
k
pr
o
vides
twice
the
c
a
pa
c
it
y
of
the
R
S
M
s
ys
tem
f
or
ve
s
s
e
ls
with
im
por
tant
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
it
y
im
pr
ove
ments
,
whic
h
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
9
(
b
)
.
I
n
thi
s
wa
y,
s
igni
f
ica
nt
R
S
M
s
ys
tem
will
be
a
va
il
a
ble
f
or
a
ll
k
ind
of
os
e
a
ngoing
ve
s
s
e
ls
wit
h
incr
e
a
s
e
d
pos
s
ibi
li
ti
e
s
f
or
im
pleme
ntation
o
f
the
n
e
w
R
S
AS
tec
hniques
in
the
C
NS
s
ys
tem
wor
ldwid
e
[
3,
20]
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
9.
R
S
M
s
ubs
ys
tem
(
a
)
Old
H
F
/M
F
r
a
dio
c
omm
unica
ti
on
(
b)
ne
w
s
a
telli
te
C
NS/
S
T
C
[
5]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1610
-
1620
1618
3.
3.
F
lexib
le
s
ail
in
g
p
r
of
il
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
(
F
S
P
P
)
T
he
f
u
r
ther
ve
r
y
i
mpor
tant
s
olut
ion
f
o
r
s
igni
f
ica
nt
im
pr
ove
ment
of
s
hip
na
vigation
in
high
s
e
a
r
outes
is
f
lexible
s
a
il
ing
pr
of
il
e
planning
(
F
S
P
P
)
old
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
nt
a
nd
opti
mal
or
s
hor
tes
t
s
hip
r
outes
.
I
n
F
igur
e
10
(
a
)
is
s
hown
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
ubs
ys
tem
that
is
us
ing
f
ixed
c
our
s
e
s
of
loxodr
o
me,
or
thodr
ome
,
a
nd
int
e
gr
a
ted
po
s
it
ioni
ng
c
ombi
ne
d
na
vigation
by
na
vigation
a
ids
.
T
he
f
ix
e
d
c
our
s
e
s
a
r
e
moni
tor
e
d
by
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
hip's
onboa
r
d
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
a
nd
pos
it
ioni
ng
tool
s
only
,
whic
h
a
r
e
a
c
ompl
e
x
a
nd
not
the
s
hor
tes
t
pos
s
ibl
e
c
our
s
e
o
f
ve
s
s
e
ls
f
r
om
de
pa
r
tu
r
e
to
a
r
r
ival
a
t
the
de
s
ti
na
ti
on
s
e
a
por
t.
On
the
other
ha
nd,
the
s
hip's
c
a
ptain
c
a
n
c
hoos
e
the
s
hor
tes
t
or
opti
mal
r
outes
that
a
r
e
pr
ovidi
ng
pr
e
c
is
e
c
our
s
e
of
ve
s
s
e
ls
with
a
lm
o
s
t
li
ke
a
s
tr
a
ight
li
ne
,
whic
h
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
10
(
b
).
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
10.
F
S
P
P
S
ubs
ys
tem
us
ing
(
a
)
f
ixed
r
oute
(
b)
s
hor
tes
t
or
opti
mum
r
oute
[
5]
T
his
is
why
the
ne
w
F
S
P
P
s
olut
ion
with
s
hor
tes
t
r
outes
a
r
e
a
ll
owing
to
na
vigation
of
f
ice
r
to
s
e
lec
t
the
s
hor
tes
t
or
opti
mal
c
our
s
e
s
be
twe
e
n
two
h
a
r
bour
s
with
f
e
w
s
ub
-
point
s
.
T
ha
nks
to
the
ne
w
R
S
AS
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
moder
n
C
NS/
S
T
C
s
ys
tems
,
F
S
P
P
s
hould
be
us
e
d
on
the
na
vigating
br
idge
f
or
mor
e
e
c
onomi
c
a
l
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
voya
ge
s
.
I
n
s
uc
h
a
wa
y,
ve
s
s
e
l's
e
ngines
will
c
ons
ume
les
s
f
ue
l
by
c
hoos
ing
the
s
hor
tes
t
s
a
il
ing
r
oute
o
f
ne
w
C
NS/
S
T
C
s
ys
tem
than
by
c
hoos
ing
the
f
ixed
r
ou
tes
of
the
p
r
e
s
e
nt
c
ompos
e
d
c
our
s
e
[
3,
4
,
21
,
22
]
.
4.
COAST
AL
M
OVE
M
E
N
T
GUDA
NC
E
AN
D
CONT
ROL
(
CM
GC)
T
h
e
mo
de
r
n
R
S
A
S
in
f
r
a
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
c
a
n
be
d
e
p
lo
ye
d
a
s
a
ne
w
d
e
s
i
gn
e
d
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
m
ov
e
me
n
t
g
u
ida
nc
e
a
nd
c
on
t
r
o
l
(
C
M
G
C
)
s
o
lu
ti
on
c
o
mb
in
e
d
wi
th
C
N
S
a
s
a
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
ny
R
S
A
S
c
o
nf
ig
u
r
a
ti
on
f
o
r
m
ov
e
m
e
n
t
c
on
t
r
o
l
in
a
nd
a
r
ou
nd
h
a
r
b
ou
r
.
I
n
f
a
c
t
,
t
his
is
a
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
ha
r
bo
u
r
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
mo
ni
to
r
in
g
s
o
lu
t
io
n
th
a
t
a
ll
ows
th
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
ope
r
a
t
or
in
s
e
a
p
o
r
t
c
o
nt
r
ol
t
ow
e
r
to
c
o
ll
e
c
t
a
l
l
ma
ne
u
ve
r
in
g
,
mov
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
os
it
io
ni
ng
i
n
f
o
r
ma
ti
on
f
r
o
m
a
l
l
v
e
s
s
e
ls
a
nd
l
a
n
d
v
e
h
ic
les
,
t
r
uc
ks
a
nd
t
r
a
ins
,
to
c
o
mp
ut
e
t
his
da
ta
a
n
d
i
n
di
c
a
t
e
t
he
m
o
n
t
he
s
u
r
v
e
i
ll
a
nc
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
d
is
p
la
y
l
ik
e
r
a
d
a
r
s
c
r
e
e
n
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
f
f
ic
c
o
nt
r
ol
le
r
in
t
he
h
a
r
bo
u
r
c
o
nt
r
o
l
t
ow
e
r
wi
ll
be
a
b
le
vis
ua
ll
y
to
obs
e
r
ve
a
nd
c
ont
r
o
l
in
to
s
ur
ve
il
la
nc
e
c
on
t
r
o
l
d
is
p
la
y
t
he
p
os
i
t
io
n
a
n
d
c
u
r
s
e
s
o
f
a
ll
s
hi
ps
i
n
ne
a
r
by
s
a
il
i
ng
a
r
e
a
,
wh
ic
h
c
a
n
be
mo
n
it
o
r
e
d
,
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
a
n
d
ha
nd
o
ve
r
t
o
t
r
a
f
f
ic
pa
r
ti
c
i
pa
nts
i
n
a
n
y
r
e
a
l
s
pa
c
e
a
n
d
t
im
e
.
T
he
R
S
AS
v
e
s
s
e
l
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
s
c
on
du
c
t
ba
s
ic
c
on
t
r
o
l
of
a
ll
m
ob
i
le
mo
ve
me
nts
,
o
r
g
a
n
iz
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
m
a
na
ge
me
nt
,
g
ui
de
a
n
d
mo
ni
to
r
o
f
t
he
v
e
s
s
e
l
s
m
o
ve
men
t
a
lo
ng
the
c
oa
s
t
,
in
n
a
r
r
ow
c
ha
nn
e
ls
a
nd
f
j
o
r
d
lan
e
s
,
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
in
g
a
r
e
a
s
t
o
a
n
c
h
or
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
s
e
a
p
o
r
ts
,
a
r
r
a
ng
e
m
ov
e
me
n
t
o
f
s
hi
ps
i
n
h
a
r
bo
u
r
s
inc
lu
d
in
g
lan
d
ve
h
ic
les
in
a
n
d
a
r
o
un
d
t
he
s
e
a
p
o
r
t
's
c
oa
s
ta
l
s
u
r
r
o
u
nd
in
g
,
e
ve
n
d
ur
i
ng
ve
r
y
r
e
du
c
e
d
v
is
i
bi
l
it
y
a
nd
be
d
we
a
th
e
r
s
it
ua
ti
on
whe
n
s
hi
ps
a
r
e
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
in
g
t
he
h
a
r
b
ou
r
.
T
h
e
ha
r
b
ou
r
's
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
o
nt
r
ol
le
r
is
p
r
ov
id
in
g
ins
t
r
u
c
t
i
ons
t
o
t
he
s
h
ip
's
mas
te
r
s
,
de
c
k
o
f
f
i
c
e
r
s
a
n
d
pi
l
ots
w
i
th
a
c
a
l
l
t
o
t
he
c
om
ma
nd
c
on
t
r
o
l
s
c
r
e
e
n
in
t
he
c
ont
r
o
l
t
owe
r
t
ha
t
p
r
ov
id
e
s
a
l
l
i
n
f
o
r
ma
ti
on
a
bo
ut
th
e
p
os
it
io
n
o
f
ve
s
s
e
ls
in
t
he
vi
c
i
ni
t
y
tha
t
ha
ve
be
e
n
de
tec
te
d
b
y
s
a
t
e
l
l
it
e
s
a
nd
g
r
ou
nd
s
e
ns
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
ve
i
ll
a
nc
e
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
a
c
o
n
tr
ol
t
o
we
r
a
ls
o
dis
pl
a
ys
a
nd
ma
y
r
e
p
o
r
t
th
e
p
os
i
t
io
n
da
ta
o
f
a
r
r
i
vi
ng
a
n
d
ou
t
go
in
g
ve
s
s
e
l
s
a
n
d
a
ll
a
u
xi
li
a
r
y
l
a
n
d
v
e
h
ic
les
,
s
uc
h
a
s
r
o
a
d
a
nd
r
a
i
l
,
m
ov
in
g
t
ow
a
r
ds
s
e
a
po
r
t
o
r
c
i
r
c
ul
a
t
e
a
t
i
ts
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
.
T
h
e
p
os
i
t
io
ns
o
f
s
hi
ps
a
n
d
o
t
he
r
m
o
bi
les
is
d
e
t
e
r
m
ine
d
u
ti
li
z
i
ng
i
n
f
o
r
ma
ti
on
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
f
r
o
m
GN
S
S
-
1
(
G
P
S
a
n
d
GL
ON
AS
S
)
s
a
t
e
l
li
tes
a
n
d
G
E
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
c
ons
te
l
lat
i
ons
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
p
o
r
t
c
om
p
tr
o
ll
e
r
pr
o
vi
de
s
to
s
h
i
p
mas
te
r
s
a
n
d
p
il
ots
th
e
p
r
o
pe
r
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
t
he
i
r
s
hi
p
wi
th
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
,
e
ve
n
du
r
in
g
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
l
y
w
e
a
the
r
c
on
di
ti
ons
a
nd
r
e
d
uc
e
d
v
is
i
bi
l
it
y
,
o
r
gi
ve
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
a
dv
ic
e
s
o
n
s
a
f
e
c
ou
r
s
e
s
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
ma
ti
on
on
r
ou
tes
a
n
d
s
e
pa
r
a
t
io
n
f
r
om
ot
he
r
s
hi
ps
i
n
c
los
e
v
ic
in
it
y
.
T
he
f
oll
owing
s
e
gments
of
C
M
GC
ne
twor
k
a
r
e
s
h
own
in
F
igu
r
e
11:
a.
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
GN
S
S
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
de
ter
mi
ne
s
t
he
c
or
r
e
c
t
pos
it
ion
o
f
s
hips
or
ha
r
bour
ve
hicle
s
,
w
hich
c
a
n
be
indi
c
a
ted
a
t
dis
plays
of
their
onboa
r
d
r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
s
;
b.
GE
O
M
S
C
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
c
ons
tellations
a
r
e
c
a
r
ing
o
nboa
r
d
both
c
omm
unica
ti
on
a
nd
GN
S
S
(
na
vigati
on)
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
s
a
nd
e
xc
e
pt
that
they
a
r
e
c
ompl
e
ment
ing
the
GPS
or
GL
ON
ASS
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
in
pe
r
f
or
mi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
A
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
r
e
gional
s
atelli
te
augme
ntat
ion
s
y
s
tem
for
…
(
Dimov
Stoj
c
e
I
lce
v
)
1619
GN
S
S
-
li
ke
tas
ks
.
T
he
G
E
O
s
a
telli
tes
a
ls
o
ha
ve
th
e
a
bil
it
y
to
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
da
ta
be
twe
e
n
th
e
ve
s
s
e
ls
or
l
a
nd
ve
hicle
s
a
nd
gr
ound
-
ba
s
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
,
pinpoi
nti
ng
t
he
e
xa
c
t
pos
it
ion
of
a
ll
mobi
le
moveme
nts
.
c.
C
ontr
ol
t
owe
r
is
a
tr
a
f
f
ic
moni
to
r
ing
c
e
ntr
e
that
pr
ovide
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
o
f
the
s
e
a
pa
s
s
a
g
e
s
,
a
c
c
e
s
s
ing
a
r
e
a
s
a
r
ound
the
c
oa
s
tal
li
ne
s
a
nd
in
the
s
e
a
por
t
wa
ter
s
a
nd
s
ur
f
a
c
e
.
T
he
pos
it
ion
of
a
ll
s
hips
a
nd
land
ve
hicle
in
s
e
a
por
ts
i
s
indi
c
a
ted
on
the
mo
nit
or
ing
dis
play
of
the
s
e
a
por
t
c
ontr
ol
towe
r
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
da
ta,
the
towe
r
c
ontr
oll
e
r
r
e
mot
e
ly
mana
ge
,
dir
e
c
ts
a
nd
na
vigate
s
s
e
a
go
ing
s
hips
a
nd
of
f
-
r
oa
d
ve
hicle
s
ins
ide
of
ha
r
bou
r
s
.
d.
L
ight
guidanc
e
s
ys
tem
(
L
GS)
is
ope
r
a
ted
by
a
t
r
a
f
f
ic
ope
r
a
tor
in
a
c
ont
r
ol
towe
r
that
indi
c
a
tes
a
gr
e
e
n
or
r
e
d
li
ght
f
or
guidanc
e
on
whe
ther
or
not
the
s
hip
s
hould
pr
oc
e
e
d
by
the
pil
ot
in
po
r
t.
e.
R
a
da
r
C
ont
r
ol
S
tation
(
R
C
S
)
is
a
c
omponent
of
the
old
s
olut
ion
f
or
M
T
C
of
ve
s
s
e
ls
na
vigation
in
the
s
e
a
pa
s
s
a
ge
s
,
a
ppr
oa
c
hing
to
a
nc
hor
a
ge
s
,
in
por
t
a
nd
a
r
ound
the
po
r
t’
s
c
oa
s
tal
e
nvir
onment
.
f.
Ve
r
y
high
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
VH
F
)
is
C
oa
s
t
R
a
dio
S
tation
(
C
R
S
)
is
a
main
c
omponent
of
R
C
S
a
nd
VH
F
or
Digit
a
l
S
e
lec
ti
ve
C
a
ll
(
DSC
)
VH
F
-
ba
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
ne
twor
k.
g.
Gr
ound
e
a
r
th
s
tation
(
GE
S
)
is
a
pr
incipa
l
c
o
mponent
of
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
s
ys
tem
be
twe
e
n
GE
S
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
nd
land
tele
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tems
via
GE
O
s
pa
c
e
c
r
a
f
t
ne
twor
ks
.
h.
P
il
ot
s
e
r
vice
is
s
mall
boa
t
or
he
li
c
opter
c
a
r
r
ying
th
e
s
pe
c
ial
tr
a
ined
man
known
a
s
a
P
il
ot
,
whos
e
tas
k
is
to
na
vigate
s
ve
s
s
e
ls
int
o
or
out
o
f
ha
r
bo
r
s
,
c
ha
nne
l
s
,
ba
ys
,
r
ive
r
s
or
lake
s
.
i.
B
r
idge
in
s
tr
uments
onboa
r
d
a
ll
s
hips
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
m
e
a
s
ur
e
a
nd
indi
c
a
te
s
pe
e
d,
c
our
s
e
,
pos
it
ion,
de
pth
a
nd
dis
tanc
e
f
r
om
a
s
e
t
point
,
[
3,
4,
23
-
25]
.
F
igur
e
11.
C
M
GC
S
ubs
ys
tem
[
6]
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
he
R
S
AS
we
r
e
im
pleme
nted
to
pr
ovide
mo
r
e
a
dva
nc
e
d
s
olut
ions
f
or
global
s
pa
c
e
C
NS
s
ys
tems
,
e
nha
nc
e
d
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
c
ontr
ol
a
nd
mana
ge
ment
of
oc
e
a
ngoing
s
hips
,
f
r
e
ight
of
goods
,
s
a
ving
pa
s
s
e
nge
r
s
li
ve
s
in
e
ve
ntual
dis
tr
e
s
s
s
it
ua
ti
on
a
nd
S
AR
s
e
r
vice
a
c
c
or
d
ing
to
I
M
O
a
nd
S
OL
AS
r
e
gulations
a
nd
r
e
c
omm
e
nda
ti
ons
.
T
he
moder
n
s
pa
c
e
C
NS
s
ys
tem
f
or
mar
it
im
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
uti
li
z
ing
G
E
O
s
a
telli
te
c
ons
tellations
with
c
omm
unica
ti
on
a
nd
na
vigation
tr
a
ns
ponde
r
s
pr
ovi
ding
S
T
C
/S
T
M
s
e
r
vice
is
de
s
igned
to
a
s
s
is
t
in
the
s
a
f
e
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt
na
vigation
in
a
ll
s
tage
s
of
voya
ge
s
.
T
h
e
potential
be
ne
f
it
s
in
s
hippi
ng
tr
a
ns
por
t
will
a
s
s
is
t
S
T
C
ter
mi
na
ls
to
s
olve
incr
e
a
s
e
d
ve
s
s
e
ls
tr
a
f
f
ic
,
to
e
nha
nc
e
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
the
r
e
qui
r
e
d
ins
tallations
on
t
he
c
oa
s
t.
T
he
main
goa
l
of
R
S
AS
ne
twor
ks
a
r
e
is
to
im
p
r
ove
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
it
y
f
or
mar
it
im
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
the
unf
r
iendly
c
oa
s
tal
wa
ter
s
a
nd
in
s
e
a
por
ts
wit
ho
ut
gr
ound
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
a
nd
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
r
a
da
r
s
.
T
he
f
inal
goa
l
of
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
R
S
AS
ne
twor
ks
wil
l
boos
t
the
tr
a
ns
por
tation
indus
tr
y,
r
e
duc
e
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
f
ue
l
,
pr
ovide
mor
e
c
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
t
r
ips
a
nd
inc
r
e
a
s
e
e
c
onomi
c
gr
owth
in
c
e
r
tain
r
e
gion.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.