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Feb
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:
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cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
i
n
ter
n
al
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
b
etter
telec
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
er
v
ices,
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
b
an
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
u
s
ed
co
m
m
e
r
ci
ally
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
4
G
W
i
MA
X
an
d
W
L
AN.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
ten
n
as
th
at
ca
n
co
v
e
r
m
u
lti
p
le
s
er
v
ice
r
an
g
es
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
[
5
,
16
,
17
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
a
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
with
d
o
u
b
le
ca
s
in
g
lo
a
d
f
o
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
m
o
b
ile,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
t
o
co
v
er
wid
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
a
n
d
s
(
6
9
8
–
9
6
0
an
d
1710
–
2
3
0
0
MH
z
in
[
1
8
]
,
8
0
0
-
1
1
0
0
an
d
1
7
0
0
-
2
5
8
0
MH
z
i
n
[
1
9
]
)
,
b
u
t
th
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
ar
e
s
till
n
o
t
wid
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
b
e
u
s
ed
in
L
T
E
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
u
n
licen
s
ed
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
L
T
E
-
U
an
d
L
T
E
,
L
AA
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
0
,
21]
.
Div
er
s
ity
in
cu
r
r
en
t
L
T
E
s
y
s
tem
s
is
ty
p
ically
lim
ited
to
two
a
n
ten
n
as
p
er
r
ad
i
o
,
en
o
u
g
h
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at,
if
an
a
n
ten
n
a
is
in
an
R
F v
ac
u
u
m
,
th
e
o
th
er
an
ten
n
a
is
n
o
t
n
o
r
m
ally
a
v
ailab
le,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
a
m
u
lti
-
tr
ac
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
A
n
ten
n
a
d
iv
er
s
ity
with
L
T
E
is
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
en
d
a
g
ain
s
t
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
way
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
an
d
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
k
s
[
1
3
,
22
–
2
5
]
.
D
u
al
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
in
ter
n
al
L
T
E
ter
m
i
n
als.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
s
ep
ar
ate
r
ad
iated
elem
en
ts
a
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
u
p
p
e
r
p
late
with
t
wo
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
ts
,
two
l
o
n
g
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
o
p
e
n
in
g
s
to
c
o
v
er
th
e
u
p
p
er
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
7
0
0
–
2
7
0
0
MH
z,
an
d
two
lo
w
-
r
ef
lectiv
e
L
-
Sh
ap
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
ed
to
co
v
er
th
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
8
0
0
–
960
MH
z.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
a
p
p
lied
d
ir
ec
tly
to
all
p
o
r
tab
le
an
d
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
2
G,
3
G,
4
G
L
T
E
,
an
d
W
i
-
Fi
[
2
6
]
.
W
it
h
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
an
d
-
h
e
ld
d
ev
ices,
r
ap
id
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
h
as
em
er
g
ed
,
an
d
d
ev
ice
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
ttra
ctiv
e
an
d
co
m
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
a
d
ev
ice
th
at
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
wav
e
in
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
in
to
r
ad
iatio
n
in
a
n
u
n
lim
ited
m
ed
iu
m
[
27
]
.
D
u
e
to
th
e
e
x
p
o
n
en
tial
g
r
o
wth
o
f
w
ir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
an
ten
n
as
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
s
m
aller
an
d
wid
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
f
o
r
L
T
E
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
wid
e
ar
ea
n
etwo
r
k
(
W
W
AN)
as
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
at
least
1
0
0
MB/s
in
1
0
0
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
lin
k
s
with
5
0
Mb
p
s
in
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
28
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
in
ter
n
al
an
te
n
n
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
g
r
o
win
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
W
iFi
,
W
iMAX
,
3
G,
4
G,
L
T
E
,
an
d
W
L
AN.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
wth
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
wir
eless
ter
m
in
als
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
,
air
p
o
r
ts
,
an
d
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
r
o
o
m
s
,
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
also
n
ee
d
an
ten
n
as
to
m
ee
t
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
i
n
ter
n
al
an
ten
n
as
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
(
g
ai
n
,
ef
f
icien
cy
)
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ata
r
ates,
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
,
an
d
o
n
e
-
wa
y
[
29
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
r
o
a
d
b
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
a
ll
m
o
b
ile
s
y
s
tem
s
er
v
ices,
n
am
ely
,
GSM
/
UM
T
S
L
T
E
,
in
clu
d
in
g
L
T
E
b
an
d
s
4
2
-
4
3
(
3
4
0
0
–
3
8
0
0
MH
z)
an
d
L
T
E
-
U/L
T
E
-
L
AA
(
5
1
5
0
–
5
8
5
0
MH
z)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ed
b
y
f
o
u
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
an
n
u
la
r
an
ten
n
a
[
3
0
,
31]
.
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
as
id
ea
lly
g
i
v
e
o
m
n
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
atter
n
s
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
n
o
t
s
tim
u
l
atin
g
an
y
th
in
g
o
th
er
th
a
n
p
laci
n
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
ig
h
er
o
r
d
er
co
m
p
licates
th
e
f
ee
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al,
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
L
W
A
[
33
]
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
wav
e
Stu
d
io
;
an
aly
s
is
an
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
r
esu
lts
[
3
4
,
35]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
b
r
o
ad
b
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
was
d
esig
n
ed
with
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
8
0
0
MH
z
to
3
GHz
.
T
h
ese
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
4
G
L
T
E
in
d
o
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e,
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
s
s
ib
le
an
ten
n
a
g
ain
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
was
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
d
test
ed
an
d
d
o
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Fo
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
as
h
ig
h
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
g
ai
n
,
th
e
g
ain
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
(
B
W
)
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
an
y
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t c
o
m
m
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
th
e
d
o
in
g
m
o
n
o
p
o
le,
s
tack
,
a
d
d
in
g
a
s
lo
t.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
CO
NF
I
G
U
RAT
I
O
NN
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
ws th
e
g
eo
m
et
r
ic
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
at
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
o
f
8
0
0
MH
z
–
3
GHz
f
o
r
L
T
E
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
f
o
r
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
te
n
n
a
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
ten
n
a,
f
ed
an
d
p
r
in
ted
o
n
an
FR
4
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
an
d
co
p
p
er
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t,
Ɛ
=
4
.
4
with
th
ick
n
ess
,
h
s
=
1
.
6
m
m
,
wh
er
e
th
e
len
g
th
a
n
d
th
e
wid
th
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
=
9
9
.
5
3
m
m
,
an
d
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
=
8
4
.
3
5
m
m
.
T
h
e
len
g
th
an
d
t
h
e
wid
th
f
o
r
co
p
p
er
,
ws
=
9
9
.
5
3
m
m
,
ls
=
8
4
.
7
3
m
m
,
h
t
=
0
.
0
3
5
,
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
o
f
0
.
0
2
,
with
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
d
r
iv
en
b
y
5
0
Ω
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Desig
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T
h
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n
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tch
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ly
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s
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n
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e
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r
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ted
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i
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tly
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ip
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[
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d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
is
d
u
e
to
s
o
m
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
an
y
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
d
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
o
ld
er
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
th
e
FR
4
to
l
er
an
ce
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Atti
a
h
M
.
L
.
,
M
d
Isa
A
.
A
.
,
Za
k
a
ri
a
Z
.
,
Ab
d
u
l
h
a
m
e
e
d
M
.
K
.
,
M
o
h
se
n
M
.
K
.
,
Din
a
r
A
.
M.
,
"
H
y
b
ri
d
m
u
lt
i
-
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
m
m
Wav
e
M
NO
s
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
u
ti
li
si
n
g
sp
e
c
tru
m
sh
a
ri
n
g
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
fo
r
5
G
n
e
two
rk
s
,"
T
EL
KOM
NIK
A
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
17
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
1
–
1
1
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
Atti
a
h
M
.
L
.
,
Isa
A
.
A
.
M
.
,
Zak
a
ria
Z
.
,
Ab
d
u
l
h
a
m
e
e
d
M
.
K
.
,
M
o
h
se
n
M
.
K
.
,
Ali
I
.
,
"
A
su
rv
e
y
o
f
m
m
Wav
e
u
se
r
a
ss
o
c
iatio
n
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
tru
m
sh
a
ri
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s:
a
n
o
v
e
r
v
iew
,
o
p
e
n
issu
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
fu
t
u
re
re
se
a
rc
h
tren
d
s
,"
W
ire
les
s Ne
two
rk
s
.
p
p
.
1
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Atti
a
h
M
.
L
.
,
Ism
a
il
M
.
,
No
r
d
in
R
.
,
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
N
.
F.
,
"
C
o
v
e
ra
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
ty
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
b
y
u
ti
li
z
in
g
flex
i
b
le
h
y
b
ri
d
m
m
wa
v
e
sp
e
c
tru
m
slicin
g
-
s
h
a
rin
g
a
c
c
e
ss
stra
teg
y
fo
r
5
G
c
e
ll
u
lar
sy
ste
m
s
,"
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
"
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
91
–
98
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
Atti
a
h
M
.
L
.
,
M
d
Isa
A
.
A
.
,
Zak
a
r
ia
Z
.
,
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
N
.
F
.
,
Ism
a
il
M
.
,
No
rd
i
n
R
.,
"
Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
m
u
lti
-
sta
te
m
il
li
m
e
ter
wa
v
e
c
e
ll
se
lec
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
fo
r
5
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
9
6
7
–
2
9
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
Zu
o
S
.
L
.
,
Yi
n
Y
.
Z
.
,
Zh
a
n
g
Z
.
Y
.
,
S
o
n
g
K
.,
"
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
o
f
lo
w
-
p
ro
fi
le
sle
e
v
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
b
a
se
sta
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,"
El
e
c
tro
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
v
o
l.
46
,
n
o
.
24
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
Wu
Q
.
,
Di
n
g
X
.
,
Ch
e
n
A.
,
"
A
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
d
i
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
fo
r
m
u
lt
ise
rv
ice
in
d
o
o
r
d
istri
b
u
te
d
a
n
ten
n
a
sy
ste
m
(M
S
-
IDA
S
)
,
"
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
i
re
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
14
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
8
3
9
–
8
4
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
Esh
a
g
h
z
a
d
e
h
To
r
b
a
ti
H.
,
"
Th
e
R
o
le
o
f
En
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
G
ra
p
h
ic
i
n
th
e
Id
e
n
ti
fica
ti
o
n
o
f
Ur
b
a
n
P
u
b
li
c
S
p
a
c
e
s
,"
Civi
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
9
–
1
9
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
M
o
a
y
e
d
i
M
.
,
Kh
e
y
ro
d
d
i
n
R
.
,
S
h
ieh
I.
,
"
De
term
in
in
g
t
h
e
R
o
le
o
f
P
e
d
e
strian
-
Orie
n
tati
o
n
,
Co
n
c
e
rn
in
g
th
e
P
u
b
li
c
P
lac
e
s: I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
Urb
a
n
S
o
c
ial
Ca
p
it
a
l
Qu
a
li
t
y
,"
Civil
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
901
–
9
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
Ab
d
u
l
h
a
m
e
e
d
M
.
K
.
,
Isa
M
.
S
.
M
.
,
Z.
Zak
a
ria,
Ib
ra
h
im
I
.
M
.
,
M
.
K.
M
o
h
si
n
A
.
M.
,
"
No
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
tri
p
le
-
b
a
n
d
EBG
,"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l.
17
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
3
–
1
6
9
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
Zh
a
n
g
Z
.
Y
.
,
F
u
G
.
,
Wu
W
.
J
.
,
Lei
J
.
,
G
o
n
g
S
.
X.
,
"
A
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
d
u
a
l
-
sle
e
v
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
in
d
o
o
r
b
a
se
sta
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,"
IEE
E
An
te
n
n
a
s a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
10
,
p
p
.
45
–
4
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
Zh
o
u
L
.
,
Jia
o
Y
.
,
Qi
Y
.
,
We
n
g
Z
.
,
Lu
L
.,
"
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
c
e
il
in
g
-
m
o
u
n
t
o
m
n
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
d
istri
b
u
te
d
a
n
ten
n
a
sy
ste
m
s
,"
I
EE
E
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
13
,
p
p
.
8
3
6
–
8
3
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
M
o
ra
d
i
k
o
r
d
a
li
v
a
n
d
A
.
,
Ra
h
m
a
n
T
.
A
.
,
E
v
iza
l,
F
a
d
o
u
l
M
.
M.
,
"
E
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
P
ro
c
e
ss
o
f
a
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
Du
a
l
P
o
lariz
e
d
M
IM
O
a
n
te
n
n
a
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
Wi
re
les
s
Ac
c
e
ss
P
o
in
t
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
"
7
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s (
IS
T
'
2
0
1
4
)
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
–
2
6
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
M
o
h
se
n
M
.
K
.
,
Isa
M
.
S
.
M
.
,
Ra
h
m
a
n
T
.
A
.
,
Ab
d
u
l
h
a
m
e
e
d
M
.
K
.
,
I
sa
A
.
A
.
M
.
,
Z
in
M
.
S
.
I
.
M
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
N
o
v
e
l
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
M
IM
O
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
L
TE
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,"
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
2
–
8
,
p
p
.
43
–
49
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
Ab
d
u
l
h
a
m
e
e
d
M
.
K
.
,
Isa
M
.
S
.
M
.
,
Ib
ra
h
im
I
.
M
.
,
Z
in
M
.
S
.
I
.
M
.
,
Zak
a
ria
Z
.
M
.
M
.,
"
Re
v
iew
o
f
Ra
d
iatio
n
P
a
tt
e
rn
Co
n
tr
o
l
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
fo
r
Th
e
M
icro
strip
A
n
ten
n
a
Ba
se
d
On
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
G
a
p
(EBG
)
,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(J
T
EC)
,
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
–
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
M
u
sta
fa
Ema
d
Ha
m
e
e
d
,
M
a
sru
ll
i
z
a
m
M
a
t
Ib
ra
h
im,
Nu
r
u
lfaja
r
A
b
d
M
a
n
a
p
M
LA.
,
"
C
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
st
u
d
y
o
f
se
v
e
ra
l
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
s
o
f
A
ES
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
e
n
c
ry
p
ti
o
n
ECG
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
sig
n
a
l
,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
Kim
K
.
H
.
,
Kim
J
.
U
.
,
P
a
rk
S
.
O.
,
"
A
n
u
lt
ra
wid
e
-
b
a
n
d
d
o
u
b
le
d
isc
o
n
e
a
n
ten
n
a
with
t
h
e
tap
e
re
d
c
y
li
n
d
rica
l
wire
s
,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
An
te
n
n
a
s a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
53
,
n
o
.
10
,
p
p
.
3
4
0
3
–
3
4
0
6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
7
]
Ja
v
a
d
i
K
.
,
Ko
m
jan
i
N.
,
"
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
in
to
Lo
w
S
AR
P
IF
A
An
te
n
n
a
a
n
d
De
sig
n
a
Ve
ry
Lo
w
S
AR
U
-
slo
t
A
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
e
lec
ti
v
e
S
u
rfa
c
e
fo
r
c
e
ll
-
p
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