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P
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CC B
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C
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T
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Dep
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h
u
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co
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1.
I
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D
UCT
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N
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h
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w
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s
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ti
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g
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s
o
la
r
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ad
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(
SR
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i
n
to
elec
tr
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y
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s
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ll
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s
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m
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p
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th
e
s
u
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f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
[
1
-
6
]
.
C
r
ea
tin
g
s
i
m
u
lat
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o
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g
an
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ite
[
7
]
.
T
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m
ai
n
m
o
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s
u
all
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s
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s
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th
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d
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b
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(
DDM
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,
an
d
th
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p
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m
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el
[
8
-
1
5
]
.
A
n
en
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r
m
o
u
s
n
u
m
b
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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KOM
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A
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elec
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(
R
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b
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N
a
fil
)
717
lig
h
t
an
d
th
e
r
es
u
lt
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
[
1
6
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
em
p
ir
ical
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
lls
m
o
d
el
is
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ast
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y
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s
ed
in
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o
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g
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s
e
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f
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m
p
lic
it
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tili
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m
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w
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m
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f
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o
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e
-
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e
m
o
d
el
tak
e
s
in
to
ac
co
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n
t a
ll t
h
e
n
ec
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ar
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ar
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et
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t
h
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s
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s
o
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th
e
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tr
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et
w
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k
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c
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r
ate
m
o
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g
o
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attr
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m
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t
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s
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m
o
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el
[
2
1
-
26]
.
R
.
C
h
e
n
n
i
a
n
d
et
al.
u
s
ed
s
i
n
g
le
–
d
io
d
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m
o
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el
(
SDM
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to
m
o
d
el
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
o
f
t
h
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p
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lar
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y
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h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els
i
n
a
n
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
ata
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
th
eir
s
u
g
g
ested
m
o
d
el
w
er
e
f
r
o
m
eit
h
e
r
b
y
-
p
r
o
d
u
cts
’
d
atas
h
ee
t
o
r
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
te
s
ti
n
g
r
esu
lt
s
[
2
7
]
.
M.
R
.
A
l Ra
s
h
id
i
an
d
h
is
tea
m
p
r
esen
ted
a
n
e
w
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
p
atter
n
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
to
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
y
u
s
ed
DDM
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
s
ti
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
8
]
.
X.
Ng
u
y
e
n
an
d
M.
Ng
u
y
e
n
s
u
g
g
es
ted
an
em
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
el
to
s
tu
d
y
a
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
eir
m
o
d
el
co
n
tai
n
e
d
tag
to
o
ls
,
ico
n
s
,
an
d
d
ialo
g
s
in
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
b
lo
ck
lib
r
ar
ies.
T
h
ey
s
t
u
d
ied
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
v
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
le
w
h
ich
w
a
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
o
th
er
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
le
is
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
h
as
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
g
ettin
g
o
p
er
atin
g
cu
r
v
es
ta
k
es
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
.
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
f
as
t
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
lls
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Ma
tl
ab
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
h
ic
h
af
f
ec
t th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
ex
tr
ac
ts
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
P
V
p
an
els an
d
s
tu
d
ie
s
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
d
if
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er
en
t
v
alu
es
o
f
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R
at
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
P
V
ce
lls
.
So
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
th
e
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
C
T
)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
s
i
m
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
'
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
i
n
th
e
n
e
x
t sectio
n
s
.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
SE
T
UP
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
y
s
te
m
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
th
is
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
;
a
P
V
p
an
el
m
o
n
o
cr
y
s
tall
in
e
f
ix
ed
f
r
a
m
e
u
s
ed
w
i
th
tilt
a
n
g
le
3
3
◦
(
lo
ca
l
l
atitu
d
e
o
f
B
ag
h
d
ad
cit
y
)
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
s
o
u
t
h
,
a
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
al
y
ze
r
is
a
co
n
n
ec
t
o
f
P
V
p
an
el
elec
tr
o
d
es
w
i
th
c
o
m
p
u
ter
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
,
s
o
l
ar
m
eter
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
o
la
r
r
ad
iatio
n
,
w
ea
th
er
s
tatio
n
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
(
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
,
h
u
m
id
it
y
)
,
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
C
T
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
es
1
an
d
2
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
c
ted
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
s
ix
m
o
n
t
h
s
.
A
t
th
e
ti
m
e
f
r
o
m
8
a.
m
.
to
2
p
.
m
.
T
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
er
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
ar
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
T
ab
le
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
en
tal
s
et
u
p
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
(
f
r
o
m
le
f
t to
r
ig
h
t)
:
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
le
a
n
al
y
ze
r
,
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
m
eter
,
d
ig
ital t
h
er
m
o
m
eter
,
an
d
w
ea
t
h
er
s
tatio
n
v
a
n
tag
e
p
r
o
v
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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6
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19
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No
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3
,
J
u
n
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2
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2
1
:
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6
-
7
2
3
718
T
ab
le
1.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
h
ee
t
o
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r
m
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(
m
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s
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n
e
m
o
d
u
le)
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o
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sp
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c
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f
i
c
a
t
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s o
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t
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a
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f
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t
u
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r
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a
t
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d
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r
3
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V
o
l
t
a
g
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at
M
a
x
i
m
u
m Po
w
e
r
(
V
max
)
1
7
V
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
at
M
a
x
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m
u
m Po
w
e
r
(
I
max
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1
.
7
6
A
O
p
e
n
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
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o
l
t
a
g
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(
V
o
c
)
2
2
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S
h
o
r
t
C
i
r
c
u
i
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u
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
sc)
1
.
9
A
N
o
r
mal
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
C
e
l
l
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
2
5
̊C
M
o
d
u
l
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
3
.
5
K
g
A
r
e
a
0.
2
82
2
2
.
1
.
T
he
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
ica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
P
V
ce
ll
Fo
r
th
e
ai
m
s
o
f
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
in
g
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
P
V
c
ells
in
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
i
ts
,
an
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
to
ty
p
ical
o
f
a
P
V
ce
ll
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
cir
cu
it
o
f
an
id
ea
l
P
V
ce
ll
f
o
r
th
e
SDM
(
5
p
ar
am
eter
s
)
.
W
h
er
e:
I
ph
is
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
in
(
A
)
,
R
sh
a
n
d
R
s
ar
e
th
e
p
ar
allel
an
d
th
e
s
er
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
(
Ω
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
I
is
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
a
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
in
(
A
)
,
an
d
V
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
ell
’
s
v
o
lta
g
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
f
p
r
ac
tical
P
V
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
SDM
2
.
2
.
E
qu
a
t
io
ns
f
o
r
det
er
m
in
e
ce
ll
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
Fo
r
ca
lcu
latio
n
t
h
e
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
in
(
1
)
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
li
k
e
a
m
b
ie
n
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
an
d
w
in
d
v
e
lo
cit
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
[
3
0
]
.
=
+
[
0
.
32
8
.
91
+
2
0
.
67
]
(
1
)
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
S
R
an
d
/o
r
ce
ll te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
g
i
v
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b
elo
w
[
3
1
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;
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°
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(
−
25
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(
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(
4
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(
5
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.
(
°
+
.
∆
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(
6
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=
°
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.
(
°
−
°
2
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(
7
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(
°
−
°
4
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.
(
°
+
.
∆
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(
8
)
=
ℎ
ℎ
+
(
9
)
T
h
er
m
al
v
o
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e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
ce
ll te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
[
3
2
]
.
=
(
1
0
)
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T
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n
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er
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th
e
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ies
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e
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n
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ec
ted
ce
lls
(
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al
3
6
)
in
a
P
V
m
o
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u
le,
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d
q
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e
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o
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e
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o
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h
e
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V
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el
is
s
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ied
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h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
f
o
r
m
a
s
in
[
3
3
,
3
4
]
:
=
=
{
ℎ
−
(
(
+
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−
1
)
−
+
ℎ
]
(
1
1
)
A
ll t
h
e
s
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
ca
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la
ted
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th
e
f
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ar
t
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n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
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h
e
s
in
g
le
-
d
io
d
e
f
iv
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
m
o
d
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CO
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O
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P
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ate
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le,
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s
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l
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ter
s
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ese
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ar
a
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eter
s
ar
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o
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o
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g
h
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ce
th
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r
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ir
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o
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o
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ed
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ath
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ical
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ar
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eter
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el
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n
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th
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g
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h
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o
d
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le
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tio
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t
h
e
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u
tp
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t
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ig
n
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ican
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h
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m
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o
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th
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en
t
s
o
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lar
ce
ll
m
o
d
el
p
ar
a
m
eter
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g
o
tten
f
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m
th
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tech
n
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e
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ab
le
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th
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eh
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th
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ar
r
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i
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th
e
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s
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it
h
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2
9
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9
W
.
T
h
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
in
I
r
aq
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t to
ap
p
ly
th
e
p
h
o
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v
o
lt
aic
ce
lls
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en
er
ate
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tr
icit
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w
it
h
g
o
o
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
ch
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o
s
in
g
s
o
lar
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er
g
y
a
s
an
alter
n
ati
v
e
o
f
o
il
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id
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o
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tio
n
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e
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n
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n
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d
e
th
at
at
m
i
n
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m
u
m
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2
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th
e
ch
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n
g
e
i
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
h
as
m
o
r
e
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ec
t
th
a
t
lead
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
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t
p
o
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er
.
W
h
il
e
in
h
ig
h
SR
(
1
0
0
0
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2
)
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
ch
an
g
e
is
s
li
g
h
t.
W
ith
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
,
w
e
n
o
tice
t
h
e
r
is
i
n
g
in
p
o
w
er
,
s
h
o
r
t c
ir
cu
i
t c
u
r
r
en
t,
an
d
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
es,
e
x
c
ep
t f
o
r
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
r
esis
ta
n
ce
(
s
er
ies
a
n
d
p
ar
allel
r
esis
t
a
n
ce
)
.
W
h
ile
w
i
th
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
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te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
co
n
s
tan
t
r
ad
iatio
n
,
we
n
o
tice
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
,
(
s
er
ies
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d
p
ar
allel
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ta
n
ce
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,
an
d
o
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en
-
cir
c
u
it
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
ill
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
ex
ce
p
t
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
is
af
f
ec
ted
s
li
g
h
tl
y
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
tib
ilit
y
b
et
w
ee
n
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
also
f
o
r
h
ig
h
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
.
A
ls
o
,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
am
b
ien
t
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
to
g
iv
e
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
m
o
d
u
l
e
r
e
d
u
c
es
th
e
ef
f
o
r
t
,
t
im
e
o
f
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
d
c
o
s
t
b
ef
o
r
e
in
s
t
a
l
l
in
g
PV
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ar
e
g
r
ate
f
u
l
P
r
o
f
.
I
m
ad
T
alib
Hu
s
s
ein
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Un
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s
it
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f
B
a
g
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d
ad
,
E
n
g
i
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ee
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in
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e,
E
n
er
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y
E
n
g
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ee
r
in
g
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t f
o
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p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
r
esear
c
h
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
a
s
m
o
u
d
i,
F
e
r
d
a
o
u
s,
F
a
tm
a
Be
n
S
a
lem
,
a
n
d
Na
b
il
De
rb
e
l
.
"
Id
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
I
n
tern
a
l
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
f
a
M
o
n
o
-
Cry
sta
ll
in
e
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
C
e
ll
M
o
d
e
ls
a
n
d
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
A
s
c
e
rtain
m
e
n
t
,
"
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ren
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
RE
R)
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
4
0
-
8
4
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
M
a
ra
n
d
i
R
.
G
.
,
a
n
d
S
m
it
h
B
.
K.
,
“
F
lu
i
d
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
(
F
GA
),
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
De
sig
n
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
pp
.
1
5
8
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
L
a
ti
e
f
Y.,
M
.
A
.
Be
ra
w
i,
A
.
B
.
Ko
e
sa
lam
wa
rd
i
,
L
.
S
.
R
.
S
u
p
ri
a
d
i
,
“
Ne
a
r
Zero
E
n
e
rg
y
Ho
u
se
(
NZEH)
De
sig
n
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
L
i
f
e
C
y
c
le
Co
st
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Us
in
g
Ge
n
e
ti
c
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
IOP
Co
n
f
.
S
e
rie
s:
Ea
rth
a
n
d
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
2
0
0
6
.
[4
]
F
a
ti
m
a
H
a
rk
o
u
ss
,
F
a
ro
u
k
F
a
rd
o
u
n
,
P
a
sc
a
l
He
n
ry
Bi
w
o
le
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
Ne
t
Zero
En
e
rg
y
Bu
il
d
i
n
g
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
u
il
d
in
g
E
n
g
in
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[6
]
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.
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e
k
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il
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f
.
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.
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8
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]
V
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j
K.,
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.
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h
,
"
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[9
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m
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3
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.
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.
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4
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ro
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.
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s:
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y
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l.
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n
o
.
5
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5
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Ei
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s
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6
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7
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8
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[1
9
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.
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a
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J.,
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.
,
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siv
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49
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2
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l.
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.
72
-
79
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.
[2
3
]
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,
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p
.
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[2
4
]
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s.
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re
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c
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in
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s
f
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Un
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y
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A
l
-
M
u
sta
n
siriy
a
h
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
(1
9
9
7
).
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re
c
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d
M
.
S
c
.
In
L
a
s
e
r
P
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Un
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f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
(2
0
0
6
).
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a
lso
re
c
e
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d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
in
L
a
se
r
P
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s
f
ro
m
Un
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e
rsit
y
o
f
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
(
2
0
1
6
)
.
He
w
o
rk
s
a
s
a
sc
ien
ti
f
ic
e
x
a
m
in
e
r
f
o
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p
a
ten
ts i
n
th
e
Ira
q
i
Ce
n
tral
S
tan
d
a
rd
iza
ti
o
n
.
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