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Co
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Gar
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s
-
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id
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Aca
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Fo
r
m
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ió
n
en
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cias N
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r
ales y
M
atem
ática
s
,
Un
iv
er
s
id
ad
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ató
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e
Ma
n
i
za
les,
C
r
a
2
3
No
.
60
-
6
3
,
Ma
n
izale
s
,
C
ald
as,
C
o
lo
m
b
ia.
E
m
ail:
y
g
ar
ce
s
@
u
cm
.
ed
u
.
c
o
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t a
n
d
p
r
o
p
er
d
is
p
o
s
al
o
f
s
o
lid
waste
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
ea
test
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
to
d
a
y
.
So
lid
waste
g
en
er
ates
liq
u
id
s
th
at
h
ar
m
b
o
th
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
en
ti
r
e
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
[
1
,
2
]
.
On
e
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
f
in
al
d
is
p
o
s
al
o
f
s
o
lid
waste
is
to
u
s
e
s
an
itar
y
lan
d
f
ills
,
wh
er
e
th
e
leac
h
ate
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
its
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
is
tr
ea
ted
,
h
a
n
d
le
d
a
n
d
d
is
p
o
s
ed
[
3
,
4
]
.
L
ea
ch
ate
is
a
liq
u
i
d
,
with
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
co
n
tam
in
ate
s
o
ils
an
d
wate
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
b
o
t
h
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wate
r
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
wate
r
.
I
t
c
o
n
tain
s
h
ea
v
y
m
etals,
n
itro
g
en
an
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
in
h
ig
h
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
as
well
as
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
d
ec
o
m
p
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s
itio
n
,
with
a
h
ig
h
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ce
n
tag
e
o
f
n
o
r
m
ally
p
u
t
r
ef
i
ab
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o
r
g
an
ic
m
atter
,
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ich
,
b
y
f
er
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
ca
n
p
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o
d
u
ce
s
tr
o
n
g
o
d
o
u
r
s
th
at
ar
e
h
ar
m
f
u
l to
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
,
5
,
6
]
.
W
aste
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
p
o
s
ed
o
f
in
o
p
en
-
ai
r
s
an
itar
y
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f
ills
in
ev
itab
ly
co
m
es
i
n
to
c
o
n
tact
with
r
ain
wate
r
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
d
ir
ec
t c
o
n
t
ac
t,
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
wa
ter
to
s
ee
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
g
ar
b
ag
e,
g
en
er
ates a
s
er
ies
o
f
b
io
lo
g
ical,
ch
em
ical
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
lead
to
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
in
te
r
m
ed
iar
y
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
,
b
o
th
liq
u
id
a
n
d
g
aseo
u
s
,
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
tab
ilis
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
At
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
tab
le
liq
u
id
r
esid
u
es,
k
n
o
wn
as
‘
leac
h
ate’
,
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ated
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
m
ix
e
d
s
o
lid
s
,
b
o
t
h
in
s
u
s
p
en
s
io
n
an
d
in
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
as
well
a
s
a
h
ig
h
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
o
r
g
an
ic
an
d
in
o
r
g
a
n
ic
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
with
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
to
x
icity
an
d
th
a
t g
en
er
ate
r
is
k
s
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lth
an
d
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[8
-
10]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
o
f le
a
ch
a
te
tu
r
b
id
i
ty
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
s
a
n
ita
r
y
la
n
d
fill
s
… (
C
ésa
r
B
en
a
vid
es
)
2963
L
ea
ch
ate
h
as
a
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
to
tal
o
r
g
an
ic
ca
r
b
o
n
(
T
OC
)
an
d
ch
em
ical
o
x
y
g
en
d
em
an
d
(
C
OD)
,
wh
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m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
co
n
tain
s
a
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
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o
f
o
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g
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ic
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d
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a
n
ic
s
u
b
s
tan
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s
with
g
r
ea
t
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ar
ea
an
d
tim
e
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
s
o
lid
waste
was
d
is
p
o
s
ed
o
f
in
t
h
e
s
an
itar
y
lan
d
f
ill
[
1
1
]
.
Am
o
n
g
o
th
e
r
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
,
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
f
in
d
h
ea
v
y
m
etals
io
n
is
ed
o
r
in
co
llo
id
al
s
tate,
n
itro
g
en
in
am
m
o
n
iaca
l
s
tate,
h
ig
h
co
n
te
n
ts
o
f
to
tal
an
d
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
s
o
li
d
s
,
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
ch
lo
r
id
es
an
d
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
o
r
g
an
ic
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
a
n
d
ca
r
b
o
x
y
lic
ac
id
s
as
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
a
n
ae
r
o
b
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r
ea
ctio
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s
an
d
g
r
ea
t
v
a
r
iab
il
ity
in
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
io
n
s
,
ev
en
wh
en
th
e
leac
h
ate
h
as p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
u
f
f
er
.
T
h
e
v
ar
ia
b
ilit
y
in
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
wastes
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
H,
tim
e
o
f
th
e
wastes
an
d
th
e
av
er
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
as
well
as
th
e
s
tab
ili
s
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
s
o
lid
waste
[
1
2
-
15]
.
Fi
n
d
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
a
n
d
e
co
n
o
m
ical
wa
y
to
tr
ea
t
leac
h
ate
f
r
o
m
a
lan
d
f
ill
g
en
er
ates
m
an
y
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
it
co
n
tain
s
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
,
b
o
th
in
o
r
g
an
ic
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
ic
[
1
6
]
.
O
v
e
r
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
tu
d
ie
s
an
d
r
esear
ch
h
av
e
b
ee
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ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
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th
e
m
o
s
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ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
way
to
tr
ea
t
leac
h
ate
[
1
7
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
th
ese
r
esu
lt
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
ep
licated
in
o
th
er
lan
d
f
ills
an
d
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
leac
h
ate
[
1
8
,
1
9
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
ea
c
h
leac
h
ate
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
s
an
itar
y
la
n
d
f
ill
m
u
s
t
b
e
ev
alu
ated
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
an
d
test
ed
f
o
r
tr
ea
tab
il
ity
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
f
in
d
th
e
b
est wa
y
to
tr
ea
t a
n
d
p
u
r
if
y
th
e
p
ar
ticu
la
r
leac
h
ate
[
1
4
,
2
0
,
2
1
]
.
C
o
ag
u
latio
n
–
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
o
s
e
m
a
i
n
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
r
em
o
v
e
s
u
s
p
en
d
ed
m
ater
i
al
o
f
v
er
y
lo
w
weig
h
t
an
d
lo
n
g
s
ed
im
e
n
t
atio
n
tim
es,
s
u
ch
as
co
llo
id
s
,
b
ac
ter
ia,
clay
s
an
d
s
o
m
e
i
n
o
r
g
a
n
ic
s
alts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
o
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
a
lo
w
p
H
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
s
m
aller
p
ar
ticles
th
at
ad
d
tu
r
b
i
d
ity
an
d
co
lo
u
r
to
th
e
leac
h
ate
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
I
t
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tar
ch
es
an
d
th
er
m
al
wate
r
in
th
e
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
wastewate
r
o
r
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
,
as
co
ad
ju
tan
t
s
in
th
e
co
ag
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
er
r
ic
ch
l
o
r
id
e
an
d
o
r
alu
m
in
iu
m
s
u
lp
h
ate,
h
as
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
t
h
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
its
elf
.
T
h
e
s
tar
ch
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
b
an
an
a
p
ee
l
co
m
b
in
ed
wit
h
th
er
m
al
wate
r
as
a
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
leac
h
ate,
m
ay
b
e
a
g
o
o
d
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
its
tr
ea
tab
ilit
y
;
in
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
lu
d
g
e
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
ed
im
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
lo
cs
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
th
e
r
ty
p
es
o
f
d
ig
esti
o
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
T
h
i
s
m
ix
tu
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
co
ag
u
latin
g
s
alts
,
as
well
as
g
o
o
d
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
,
b
o
th
o
f
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
em
ical
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
wate
r
b
o
d
y
th
at
r
ec
eiv
es
th
is
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
eg
etal
r
esid
u
es
in
d
esalin
a
tio
n
is
in
h
ar
m
o
n
y
with
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
t
an
d
co
s
t
wh
ile
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
r
im
a
r
y
in
p
u
ts
,
g
iv
en
th
e
r
ich
n
ess
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
il
a
n
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
th
e
r
eso
u
r
c
es
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
Sev
e
r
al
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
o
ls
f
o
r
tr
ea
tin
g
leac
h
ate;
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies,
wh
ich
ar
e
f
r
am
ed
with
in
th
e
lar
g
e
ar
e
a
o
f
wastewate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
an
ex
ten
d
ed
ae
r
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
W
ith
in
th
e
r
ev
iew,
th
er
e
i
s
a
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
lled
‘
B
i
o
d
esti
l’
,
an
in
teg
r
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
leac
h
ate
with
h
i
g
h
p
o
llu
ta
n
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
r
o
m
o
p
en
-
p
i
t
lan
d
f
ills
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
W
u
[
2
6
]
u
s
ed
s
u
b
m
er
g
e
d
f
ilter
s
f
o
r
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
B
o
th
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
s
u
b
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wate
r
b
o
d
ie
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
co
n
tam
in
ate
d
lea
ch
ate
d
is
ch
ar
g
es
[
2
7
]
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
s
th
at
ad
eq
u
ately
m
an
ag
e
an
d
p
u
r
if
y
th
ese
wastes
f
r
o
m
a
s
an
itar
y
lan
d
f
ill
[
2
8
,
2
9
]
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
ase
s
an
d
leac
h
ate
h
av
e
g
ain
ed
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
r
ec
en
t y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
m
u
n
icip
al
lan
d
f
ills
,
leac
h
ate
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
er
c
o
latio
n
o
f
r
ai
n
wate
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lid
waste
an
d
th
e
d
ilu
tio
n
o
f
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
d
u
cts an
d
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lid
waste,
all
o
f
wh
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
h
ig
h
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
llu
ta
n
ts
in
th
ese
wate
r
s
[
3
0
,
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
leac
h
ates
v
a
r
y
wid
ely
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
o
lid
waste
d
ep
o
s
ited
as
well
as
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
t
h
e
waste,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
an
n
u
al
r
ai
n
f
all
an
d
th
e
co
v
er
in
g
o
r
to
p
la
y
er
m
ate
r
ial
o
f
th
e
la
n
d
f
ill
[
3
2
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Co
a
g
ula
t
io
n/flo
cc
ula
t
i
o
n pro
ce
s
s
es
I
n
wate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
t
h
er
e
is
a
ch
em
ical
p
h
ase
w
h
o
s
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
clar
if
y
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
lo
w
-
weig
h
t
p
ar
ticles
(
c
o
llo
id
s
)
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
:
co
a
g
u
latio
n
,
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
an
d
s
ed
im
en
tatio
n
(
C
FS
)
.
T
h
is
c
h
em
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
is
wid
ely
ap
p
lied
in
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
p
lan
ts
a
n
d
,
in
r
ec
en
t y
ea
r
s
,
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
d
o
m
esti
c
wastewate
r
[
2
0
,
3
3
,
3
4
]
.
I
n
C
FS
,
s
ev
er
al
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
t
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t;
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
is
t
h
e
d
o
s
ag
e
o
f
ch
em
ical
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
,
o
r
‘
c
o
ag
u
lan
ts
’
,
wh
ich
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
in
o
r
g
an
ic
s
alts
o
r
p
o
ly
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
co
ag
u
lan
ts
is
to
n
eu
tr
alis
e
th
e
ch
a
r
g
es
o
f
v
e
r
y
s
m
all
an
d
l
o
w
-
w
eig
h
t
p
ar
ti
cles,
k
n
o
w
n
as
‘
c
o
llo
id
s
’
.
On
ce
th
e
ch
ar
g
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
n
eu
tr
alis
ed
,
th
ese
c
o
llo
id
s
b
eg
in
to
f
o
r
m
lar
g
er
co
a
g
u
lated
p
ar
ticles,
k
n
o
wn
as
‘
f
lo
cs’
(
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
)
.
T
h
ese
f
lo
cs
h
av
e
en
o
u
g
h
weig
h
t
to
s
ed
im
en
t
o
u
t
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
lu
d
g
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
tr
ea
ted
wate
r
a
n
d
th
e
c
o
ag
u
lan
t u
s
ed
[
3
5
]
.
C
o
ag
u
lan
ts
an
d
f
lo
cc
u
lan
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
i
v
id
ed
in
t
o
th
r
ee
im
p
o
r
t
an
t g
r
o
u
p
s
:
−
I
n
o
r
g
a
n
ic
s
alts
s
u
ch
as f
er
r
ic
c
h
lo
r
id
e,
p
o
ly
alu
m
i
n
iu
m
ch
l
o
r
i
d
e
an
d
al
u
m
in
iu
m
s
u
lp
h
ate,
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
.
−
Po
ly
m
er
ic
o
r
g
an
i
c
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
s
u
ch
as p
o
ly
eth
y
len
eim
in
e
a
n
d
p
o
ly
m
er
ic
ac
r
y
lam
i
d
e.
−
B
io
p
o
ly
m
er
ic
co
a
g
u
lan
ts
o
f
n
atu
r
al
o
r
ig
in
s
u
ch
as n
atu
r
al
a
n
d
m
o
d
if
ied
s
tar
ch
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
9
6
2
-
2
9
6
9
2964
2
.
2
.
B
io
po
ly
m
er
s
Star
ch
es
ar
e
n
atu
r
al
b
io
p
o
ly
m
er
s
with
h
ig
h
m
o
lecu
lar
weig
h
t
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
n
io
n
o
f
s
ev
e
r
al
s
u
g
ar
m
o
n
o
m
e
r
s
,
wh
ich
in
th
is
ca
s
e
is
g
lu
co
s
e.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
b
io
p
o
ly
m
er
s
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
m
o
lecu
lar
weig
h
ts
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
m
o
n
o
m
er
c
o
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
s
an
d
ty
p
es
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
.
I
n
ea
ch
b
io
p
o
ly
m
e
r
,
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tai
n
ed
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
i
o
n
is
ati
o
n
c
ap
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
m
o
le
cu
le,
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
co
p
o
ly
m
er
is
atio
n
an
d
th
e
way
in
wh
ich
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
.
T
h
ese
p
o
ly
elec
tr
o
ly
tes
(
PE)
h
av
e
th
r
ee
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
:
1
)
co
a
g
u
latio
n
,
ca
tio
n
ic
ty
p
e
p
o
ly
elec
tr
o
ly
tes
(
PEC)
ca
u
s
e
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
co
ll
o
id
lo
ad
;
2
)
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
b
r
id
g
e
s
an
d
/o
r
lin
k
s
b
etwe
en
c
o
llo
id
s
,
esp
ec
ially
an
io
n
ic
p
o
ly
elec
t
r
o
ly
tes
(
PEA)
an
d
non
-
io
n
ic
p
o
ly
elec
tr
o
ly
tes
(
PENI
)
;
an
d
3
)
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
m
o
lecu
lar
weig
h
t
PE
C
.
T
h
ese
ty
p
es
o
f
h
ig
h
-
m
o
lecu
lar
weig
h
t
PE
ar
e
u
s
ed
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
as
co
ad
ju
tan
ts
in
th
e
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
PE
s
p
ec
ies
f
o
r
m
b
r
an
ch
e
s
th
at
allo
w
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
co
ll
o
id
s
.
I
n
th
is
way
,
th
e
f
o
r
ce
s
th
at
m
a
k
e
n
eg
ati
v
ely
ch
ar
g
e
d
co
llo
id
s
r
e
p
el
ea
ch
o
th
er
ar
e
b
r
o
k
en
.
2
.
3
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
T
h
e
leac
h
ate
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
a
E
s
m
er
al
d
a
lan
d
f
ill,
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
ed
b
y
th
e
SALA
S
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
lan
d
f
ill
is
lo
ca
ted
to
th
e
n
o
r
th
o
f
th
e
city
o
f
M
an
izale
s
in
C
o
lo
m
b
ia,
o
n
th
e
r
o
ad
th
at
lead
s
to
t
h
e
n
o
r
th
e
r
n
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
d
ep
ar
t
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
an
itar
y
lan
d
f
ill
r
e
ce
iv
es
b
etwe
en
4
0
0
a
n
d
5
0
0
t
o
n
n
es
o
f
waste
p
er
d
ay
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
u
r
b
an
a
n
d
r
u
r
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
0
0
,
0
0
0
in
h
ab
itan
ts
,
3
1
m
u
n
icip
alities
ar
e
also
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
d
is
p
o
s
al
s
er
v
ice
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
th
ese
m
u
n
icip
alities
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
th
eir
o
wn
s
an
itar
y
lan
d
f
ill.
T
h
e
s
an
itar
y
la
n
d
f
ill
h
as
ca
n
als
an
d
ch
am
b
er
s
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
an
d
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
leac
h
ate,
a
n
d
th
ese
s
ep
ar
ate
r
ain
wate
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
leac
h
ate.
T
h
e
d
is
p
o
s
ed
waste
is
c
o
m
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
r
ac
es
t
h
at
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
s
tr
ip
s
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
5
m
h
ig
h
an
d
1
0
m
wid
e;
ea
ch
ter
r
ac
e
co
m
p
r
is
es
s
ev
er
al
lay
er
s
,
ea
ch
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
3
0
cm
,
with
a
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
d
en
s
ity
o
f
1
-
1
.
5
to
n
n
es
p
er
cu
b
ic
m
etr
e.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
f
o
r
m
th
e
ter
r
ac
es,
‘
f
is
h
b
o
n
e’
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
b
u
ilt
with
s
to
n
e
t
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
f
ilter
s
o
n
a
wate
r
p
r
o
o
f
lay
er
a
n
d
t
o
h
elp
ch
an
n
el
th
e
leac
h
ate
to
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
tr
ain
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
u
p
f
lo
w
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
s
lu
d
g
e
b
lan
k
et
(
UASB
)
.
I
t
th
en
p
ass
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
r
ea
cto
r
u
p
war
d
f
lo
w
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
f
ilt
er
(
UFAF)
an
d
th
en
o
n
t
o
th
e
p
h
y
s
ico
ch
em
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ar
ea
wh
er
e
th
e
co
a
g
u
latio
n
,
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
,
s
ed
im
e
n
tatio
n
an
d
f
iltra
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
tak
e
p
lace
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
tack
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
elea
s
e
o
f
g
ases
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
an
ae
r
o
b
ic
d
ig
es
tio
n
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
leac
h
ate
to
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
t
an
k
s
,
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
p
er
o
x
id
e
is
ad
d
e
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
o
x
y
g
en
d
e
m
an
d
(
B
OD)
an
d
f
ats
th
at
g
en
er
ate
f
o
am
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
c
o
ag
u
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
B
etwe
en
1
0
an
d
1
5
m
g
/L
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
is
also
ad
d
e
d
.
I
n
Or
teg
a
’
s
wo
r
k
,
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
co
ag
u
latio
n
a
n
d
f
lo
cc
u
latio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
leac
h
ate
b
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
b
an
an
a
s
tar
ch
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
v
ar
iab
les
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
c
o
ag
u
lan
t
d
o
s
e,
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
p
o
ten
t
ial,
s
p
ee
d
o
r
g
r
a
d
ien
t
o
f
f
ast
m
ix
tu
r
e
an
d
s
p
ee
d
o
r
gr
ad
ien
t
o
f
s
lo
w
m
ix
tu
r
e.
A
s
im
p
le
s
am
p
le
o
f
6
0
L
o
f
leac
h
at
e
in
t
h
er
m
al
wate
r
was
co
llecte
d
an
d
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
en
t
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
a
d
d
in
g
0
.
9
m
L
(
2
0
0
p
p
m
)
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
g
en
p
e
r
o
x
id
e
in
a
4
% d
ilu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
NT
C
3
9
0
3
(
C
o
lo
m
b
ia
n
T
ec
h
n
ical
Stan
d
ar
d
)
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
a
co
ag
u
lan
t,
o
r
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
co
ag
u
lan
ts
,
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
e
d
to
w
ater
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
if
c
o
n
f
ir
m
ed
in
th
e
jar
test
to
b
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate.
T
h
is
c
o
ag
u
lan
t
,
o
r
m
ix
tu
r
e
,
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
n
eg
ativ
el
y
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
th
e
wate
r
to
b
e
tr
ea
ted
o
r
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
wate
r
b
o
d
y
.
T
h
e
b
a
n
an
a
s
tar
c
h
an
d
th
er
m
al
wate
r
m
i
x
tu
r
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
co
m
p
lies
with
NT
C
g
u
id
elin
e
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
lan
tain
s
tar
ch
s
am
p
le,
g
r
ee
n
b
a
n
an
as
wer
e
tak
en
,
wh
ich
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
e
v
iew
is
i
d
ea
l
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
o
f
th
is
s
tar
ch
.
T
h
e
s
tar
ch
is
th
en
d
r
ied
an
d
p
u
lv
er
is
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
co
ag
u
lan
t
s
tar
ch
f
r
o
m
th
e
leac
h
ed
s
tar
ch
in
th
e
jar
test
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
b
an
an
a
s
tar
ch
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
L
ain
es
was
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
b
a
n
an
as
wer
e
ch
o
p
p
e
d
an
d
b
o
iled
f
o
r
an
av
e
r
a
g
e
o
f
1
h
o
u
r
,
an
d
th
e
n
liq
u
ef
ied
an
d
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
ilter
p
ap
er
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
p
u
lp
was
d
r
ied
o
n
th
e
b
u
r
n
er
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
th
en
p
u
lv
e
r
is
ed
.
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
DE
SI
G
N
F
o
u
r
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
f
o
r
t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
w
e
r
e
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
o
n
:
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
,
p
H
a
n
d
s
l
o
w
a
n
d
f
as
t
m
i
x
i
n
g
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
is
t
h
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
/
we
i
g
h
t
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
w
a
t
e
r
a
n
d
b
a
n
a
n
a
s
t
a
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
w
as
t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
in
n
e
p
h
e
l
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
u
n
i
t
s
(
N
T
U
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
t
h
a
t
w
e
r
e
n
o
t
m
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
te
d
a
n
d
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
t
w
e
r
e
l
ea
c
h
a
t
e
(
1
L
p
e
r
j
a
r
)
,
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
s
(
b
a
n
a
n
a
s
t
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
w
a
t
e
r
)
,
r
a
p
i
d
(
5
0
s
)
a
n
d
s
l
o
w
(
3
0
m
i
n
)
m
i
x
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
s
e
d
i
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
3
0
m
i
n
)
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
t
i
o
n
w
as
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
,
i
.
e
.
l
e
a
ch
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
a
n
d
f
i
l
l
b
y
s
i
m
p
l
e
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
w
a
s
f
ac
t
o
r
i
a
l
2
^
k
=
1
6
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
s
.
E
a
c
h
v
a
r
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RE
SU
L
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S A
ND
D
I
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SS
I
O
N
An
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s
is
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s
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t
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4
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1
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St
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T
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2
d
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ates a
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Du
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m
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2
.
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1
6
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3
3
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1
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1
7
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1
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3
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2
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8
a
b
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1
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1
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1
9
D
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1
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1
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2
0
3
3
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1
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
10
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1
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1
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1
1
1
11
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1
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1
8
2
1
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6
3
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8
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1
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1
12
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2
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1
13
Cd
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2
1
4
1
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0
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4
1
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1
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1
1
1
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1
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1
1
14
acd
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1
1
1
3
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2
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2
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3
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1
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15
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1
16
a
b
c
d
1
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.
2
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
6
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o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
6
8
-
8
8
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[8
]
E.
M
a
ra
ñ
ó
n
,
L.
Ca
stril
l
ó
n
,
Y.
F
e
rn
á
n
d
e
z
-
Na
v
a
,
A.
F
e
rn
á
n
d
e
z
-
M
é
n
d
e
z
,
a
n
d
A.
F
e
rn
á
n
d
e
z
-
S
á
n
c
h
e
z
,
“
Co
a
g
u
lati
o
n
-
flo
c
c
u
latio
n
a
s
a
p
re
trea
tme
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
ss
a
t
a
lan
d
fil
l
lea
c
h
a
te
n
it
rif
ica
ti
o
n
-
d
e
n
it
rifi
c
a
ti
o
n
p
la
n
t,
”
J
.
Ha
za
rd
.
M
a
ter
.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
-
3
,
p
p
.
5
3
8
-
5
4
4
,
2
0
0
8
.
[9
]
L
.
V
a
n
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
N
.
V
a
n
B
a
c
h
,
H
.
T
.
D
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
T
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
I
L
C
a
n
d
P
I
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
f
o
r
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
”
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
4
-
1
0
6
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
M
.
F
ra
n
c
h
e
tt
i,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
fo
u
r
d
iffere
n
t
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
d
ig
e
stio
n
fo
r
f
o
o
d
wa
ste
to
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
u
sin
g
LCA
f
o
r:
A
fo
o
d
se
rv
ice
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
c
a
se
stu
d
y
,
”
J
.
En
v
iro
n
.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
4
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
D.
T.
S
p
o
n
z
a
a
n
d
O
.
N.
Aǧ
d
a
ǧ
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
lea
c
h
a
te
re
c
ircu
lati
o
n
a
n
d
re
c
ircu
latio
n
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
n
sta
b
il
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
m
u
n
icip
a
l
s
o
li
d
wa
ste
s in
sim
u
lat
e
d
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
b
io
re
a
c
to
rs,”
Pr
o
c
e
ss
Bi
o
c
h
e
m.
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
7
-
2
1
6
5
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
M
.
N.
Ad
lan
,
P
.
P
a
lan
ian
d
y
,
a
n
d
H.
A.
Az
iz,
“
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
a
g
u
latio
n
a
n
d
d
isso
lv
e
d
a
ir
flo
tati
o
n
(DA
F
)
trea
tme
n
t
o
f
se
m
i
-
a
e
ro
b
ic
lan
d
fil
l
lea
c
h
a
te
u
sin
g
re
sp
o
n
se
su
rfa
c
e
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
(RS
M
),
”
De
sa
l
in
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
7
7
,
n
o
.
1
-
3
,
p
p
.
7
4
–
8
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
S
.
N.
M
.
De
S
o
u
z
a
,
M
.
Ho
r
tt
a
n
a
in
e
n
,
J.
An
to
n
e
ll
i,
O.
Kla
u
s,
C
.
A.
Li
n
d
i
n
o
,
a
n
d
C.
E
.
C.
No
g
u
e
ira,
“
Te
c
h
n
ica
l
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
fr
o
m
m
u
n
icip
a
l
s
o
li
d
wa
ste
d
isp
o
se
d
i
n
t
h
e
b
ig
g
e
st
c
it
ies
in
Bra
z
il
:
Lan
d
fil
l
g
a
s,
b
io
g
a
s
a
n
d
th
e
rm
a
l
trea
tme
n
t,
”
W
a
ste
M
a
n
a
g
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
5
-
1
0
2
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
R.
S
teg
m
a
n
n
,
“
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
b
io
l
o
g
ica
l
p
re
trea
tme
n
t
o
f
m
u
n
icip
a
l
so
li
d
wa
ste
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
S
a
rd
in
i
a
‘0
5
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
W
a
ste
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
L
a
n
d
fi
ll
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
5
]
H.
Erso
y
,
F
.
Bu
lu
t,
a
n
d
M
.
Be
rk
ü
n
,
“
Lan
d
f
il
l
site
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
o
n
th
e
ro
c
k
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t:
a
c
a
se
stu
d
y
,
”
En
g
.
Ge
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
-
3
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
S
.
Xu
,
P
.
He
,
F
.
L
u
,
M
.
Li
,
a
n
d
L.
S
h
a
o
,
“
Tran
sfo
rm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
ic
m
a
tt
e
rs
in
fre
sh
lea
c
h
a
te
d
u
rin
g
a
n
a
e
ro
b
ic
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
lo
n
g
h
y
d
ra
u
l
ic
re
ten
ti
o
n
ti
m
e
,
”
J.
En
v
ir
o
n
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
2
-
1
3
0
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
7
]
W.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
C.
S
u
n
,
“
P
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
a
n
a
ly
se
s
o
f
e
v
a
p
o
tra
n
sp
irati
o
n
lan
d
fil
l
c
o
v
e
rs
i
n
h
u
m
i
d
re
g
i
o
n
s,
”
J
.
Ro
c
k
M
e
c
h
.
Ge
o
tec
h
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
6
-
3
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
EE
A
Web
Tea
m
,
"
Div
e
rti
n
g
wa
st
e
fro
m
lan
d
f
il
l:
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
wa
ste
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
o
li
c
ies
i
n
t
h
e
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
Un
i
o
n
,
"
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
A
g
e
n
c
y
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
9
]
S
.
P
u
ig
,
M
.
S
e
rra
,
M
.
C
o
m
a
,
M
.
Ca
b
ré
,
M
.
D
o
lo
rs
Ba
lag
u
e
r,
a
n
d
J.
Co
lp
rim,
“
M
icro
b
ial
fu
e
l
c
e
ll
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
i
n
lan
d
fil
l
lea
c
h
a
te t
re
a
tme
n
t,
”
J
.
Ha
za
rd
.
M
a
ter
.
,
v
o
l.
1
8
5
,
n
o
.
2
-
3
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
7
6
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
A.
A.
Tatsi,
A
.
I
.
Z
o
u
b
o
u
li
s,
K.
A.
M
a
ti
s,
a
n
d
P
.
S
a
m
a
ra
s,
“
Co
a
g
u
lat
io
n
--
fl
o
c
c
u
latio
n
p
re
trea
tme
n
t
o
f
sa
n
it
a
ry
la
n
d
fil
l
lea
c
h
a
tes
,
”
Ch
e
mo
sp
h
e
re
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
7
3
7
-
7
4
4
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
1
]
J
.
Clea
ry
,
“
Li
fe
c
y
c
le
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
ts
o
f
m
u
n
icip
a
l
so
li
d
wa
ste
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s: A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
se
lec
ted
p
e
e
r
-
re
v
ie
we
d
li
tera
tu
re
,
”
E
n
v
iro
n
.
I
n
t.
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
6
-
1
2
6
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
J.
J.
S
u
á
re
s a
n
d
G
.
A.
Na
v
ia,
“
Ap
o
rte a L
a
Util
iza
c
ió
n
De
Ag
u
a
Te
rm
a
l
Co
m
o
Co
a
g
u
lan
te E
n
El
T
ra
tam
ien
to
De
Las
Ag
u
a
s Re
sid
u
a
les
M
u
n
ici
p
a
les
,
”
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
Na
c
io
n
a
l
d
e
Co
l
o
m
b
ia,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
3
]
J.
A.
Qu
in
tero
-
Ja
ra
m
il
lo
,
W.
M
u
r
il
lo
-
Ara
n
g
o
,
a
n
d
I.
X.
Ce
ró
n
-
S
a
laz
a
r,
“
Us
e
o
f
th
e
rm
a
l
w
a
ter
a
s
a
n
a
tu
ra
l
c
o
a
g
u
lan
t
fo
r
d
o
m
e
stic
wa
ste
wa
ter
su
sta
in
a
b
le
trea
tme
n
t
Us
o
d
e
a
g
u
a
term
a
l
c
o
m
o
c
o
a
g
u
lan
te
n
a
tu
ra
l
p
a
ra
e
l
tra
tam
ien
to
d
e
Us
o
d
e
á
g
u
a
term
a
l
c
o
m
o
c
o
a
g
u
lan
te
n
a
tu
ra
l
p
a
ra
o
trata
m
e
n
to
d
e
á
g
u
a
re
sid
u
a
l
d
o
m
é
stica
,
”
Rev
.
Fa
c
.
In
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
-
4
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
4
]
A.
I.
Ru
iz
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
tt
e
n
u
a
ti
o
n
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
c
lay
e
y
sa
n
d
sto
n
e
fo
r
lan
d
fil
l
lea
c
h
a
te
c
o
n
tain
m
e
n
t
b
y
b
e
n
to
n
it
e
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
”
S
c
i.
T
o
t
a
l
E
n
v
iro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
4
1
9
,
p
p
.
8
1
-
8
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
5
]
V.
Dia
m
a
n
ti
s,
T.
H
.
Er
g
u
d
e
r,
A.
Aiv
a
sid
is,
W
.
Ve
rstra
e
te,
a
n
d
E.
Vo
u
d
r
ias
,
“
Was
tew
a
ter
d
isp
o
sa
l
t
o
lan
d
fil
l
-
sites
:
A
sy
n
e
rg
isti
c
so
l
u
ti
o
n
fo
r
c
e
n
tralize
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
li
v
e
m
il
l
wa
st
e
wa
ter
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
lan
d
fil
l
g
a
s,”
J
.
En
v
iro
n
.
M
a
n
a
g
e
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
8
,
p
p
.
4
2
7
-
4
3
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
6
]
C
.
W
u
,
T
.
S
h
i
m
a
o
k
a
,
H
.
N
a
k
a
y
a
m
a
,
T
.
K
o
m
i
y
a
,
X
.
C
h
a
i
,
a
n
d
Y
.
H
a
o
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
s
o
n
l
e
a
c
h
a
t
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
f
l
a
n
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Dr.
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in
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C
o
lo
m
b
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h
tt
p
s://
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