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CC B
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C
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r
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
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r
:
Ma
zin
R
ejab
Kh
alil
E
n
g
in
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r
in
g
T
ec
h
n
ical
C
o
lleg
e
No
r
th
er
n
T
ec
h
n
ical
Un
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e
r
s
ity
Ma
j m
o
ah
.
Mo
s
u
l,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
m
az
in
r
k
5
6
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Pu
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
s
ig
n
als
o
cc
u
p
y
a
wid
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
elec
tr
ical
d
r
iv
es
a
n
d
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ics.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
m
ea
n
s
wer
e
ad
o
p
ted
f
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en
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atin
g
p
wm
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ig
n
a
ls
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
av
ail
ab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
E
m
b
ed
d
e
d
d
e
s
ig
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
a
b
r
illi
an
t
to
o
l
to
d
esig
n
an
em
b
ed
d
e
d
p
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s
s
o
r
s
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s
tem
,
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e
it
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n
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
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ate
ar
r
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s
(
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GAs)
s
lice
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d
p
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a
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it
to
ac
t a
cc
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r
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.
A
PW
M
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b
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its
8
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1
m
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p
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b
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[
1
]
,
th
e
PW
M
p
u
ls
e
is
g
en
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ated
b
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
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th
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co
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tr
o
l
r
eg
is
ter
an
d
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
r
eg
is
ter
.
FP
GAs
b
ased
v
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r
iab
le
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
is
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ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
[
2
]
u
s
in
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p
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,
co
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n
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b
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in
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v
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h
ar
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war
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d
escr
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tio
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HDL
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Usi
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I
p
r
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s
s
o
r
a
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p
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PW
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p
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al
was
d
esig
n
e
d
an
d
ac
co
m
m
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d
ated
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y
[
3
]
.
T
r
ap
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lated
FP
GAs
b
ased
PW
M
co
n
tr
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d
e
s
cr
ib
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y
[
4
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.
A
d
esig
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o
f
m
icr
o
b
laze
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
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tem
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m
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ated
to
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ate
s
in
g
le
PW
M
s
ig
n
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s
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g
em
b
ed
d
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
mb
ed
d
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ystem
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
lla
b
le
p
erio
d
-
w
id
th
mu
ltich
a
n
n
el
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
… (
Ma
z
in
R
.
K
h
a
lil
)
221
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
was
f
o
r
war
d
ed
b
y
[
5
]
.
A
h
ar
d
war
e/so
f
tw
ar
e
m
icr
o
b
laze
s
o
f
t
-
co
r
e
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
to
g
en
er
ate
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
u
s
in
g
clo
ck
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
to
co
n
t
r
o
l
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wi
d
th
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
[
6
]
.
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
[
7
]
to
ac
t
as
AC
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
An
iter
ati
v
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
b
ased
h
eu
r
is
tic
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
an
d
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
v
e
r
ter
im
p
lem
en
te
d
in
h
ar
d
war
e
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
8
]
.
A
r
atio
b
ased
PW
M
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
with
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
[
9
]
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
s
m
o
o
th
m
id
p
o
in
t
p
o
ten
tial
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Gen
er
atin
g
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
tr
ian
g
u
lar
wav
e
with
an
ad
j
u
s
tab
le
d
ir
ec
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
[
1
0
]
to
b
e
u
s
ed
wit
h
D.
C
to
D.
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Ph
ase
s
h
if
t
an
g
le
d
i
g
ital
PW
M
(
DP
W
M)
f
o
r
Ph
t
o
v
o
ltaic
in
v
e
r
ter
s
is
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
[
1
1
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
is
ad
ap
ted
to
FP
GA
s
p
latf
o
r
m
.
A
P
W
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
h
ase
in
ter
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
f
ield
Pro
g
r
am
m
ab
le
g
ate
ar
r
ay
s
(
FP
GAs
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
[
1
2
]
,
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
is
ad
ju
s
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
ass
ig
n
ed
s
witch
es
o
n
Alter
a
b
o
ar
d
.
Sp
ac
e
v
ec
t
o
r
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SVPW
M)
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
[
1
3
]
,
th
e
b
asic
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
SVPW
M
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
a
r
o
tatin
g
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
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wer
e
ad
o
p
ted
in
[
1
4
-
1
7
]
to
g
en
e
r
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
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es
o
f
PW
M
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ig
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s
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e
m
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g
et
o
f
th
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o
v
e
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m
en
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ed
wo
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k
s
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ate
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o
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m
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P
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ig
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als
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t
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a
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u
ls
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n
ativ
ely
,
th
e
g
o
al
o
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th
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wo
r
k
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er
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is
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ate
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e
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g
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m
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ed
d
ed
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tem
th
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clu
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es
two
Ar
m
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o
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tex
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o
r
e™
p
r
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ce
s
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r
s
to
b
e
im
p
lem
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zy
n
c
-
x
c7
z
0
2
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FP
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l
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ce
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th
e
h
ar
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e
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ar
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at
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e
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tem
t
o
ac
t
i
n
ac
co
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T
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e
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it
o
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u
g
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ested
ap
p
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it
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ap
p
licab
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d
r
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f
ig
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r
a
b
le
s
y
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tem
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T
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e
d
esig
n
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
also
b
e
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ated
to
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en
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r
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s
ig
n
als
r
eq
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i
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b
y
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y
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d
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cu
s
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ed
in
[
1
8
-
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
o
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th
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p
ap
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g
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I
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2
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h
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h
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at
in
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tellectu
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ty
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I
P)
co
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I
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ter
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FP
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lice
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I
n
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r
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wo
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2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
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y
s
tem
d
esig
n
im
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r
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n
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t
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tag
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ic
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m
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Ps
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[
2
1
,
2
2
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tem
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d
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ated
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ig
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ls
[
2
3
-
25
].
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
ha
rdwa
re
co
ns
t
ruct
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n
T
h
e
h
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e
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s
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o
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t
en
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n
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I
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[
2
1
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2
2
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u
r
e
1
s
h
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b
lo
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iag
r
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m
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T
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u
r
e
1
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h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
o
f
o
f
zy
n
q
FP
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d
ev
ice
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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1
6
9
3
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6
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3
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1
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1.
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it,
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AM
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B
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co
n
tr
o
ller
I
P
co
r
e,
Gen
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a
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p
u
r
p
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p
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d
f
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r
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s
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P
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tim
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tim
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tim
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3
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a
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P in
teg
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r
d
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as sh
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wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
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(
DDR3
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av
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th
e
ev
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u
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o
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d
[
2
1
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2
6
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3
0
]
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e
b
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two
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ts
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n
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n
it
th
at
d
ea
l
s
with
d
ata
wid
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r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
(
1
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6
4
)
b
its
,
t
h
e
on
-
lin
e
d
ata
ac
q
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ir
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b
y
t
h
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u
n
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s
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to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
u
t
y
cy
cle
an
d
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
o
f
ea
ch
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
[
3
1
,
3
2
]
.
T
h
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tim
e
r
s
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e
u
s
ed
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g
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er
ate
th
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t
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ter
1
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as
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u
r
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3
,
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ch
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ciate
d
with
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lo
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eg
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ter
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ter
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r
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ter
[
3
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ac
h
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ter
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ates
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ate
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h
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t
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ig
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[
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3
3
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T
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lled
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ter
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.
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u
r
e
2
.
Har
d
war
e
co
m
p
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n
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th
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d
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r
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
tim
er
m
o
d
u
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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KOM
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T
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z
in
R
.
K
h
a
lil
)
223
2
.
1
.
2.
I
P
co
re
s
inte
rc
o
nn
ec
t
io
n
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
I
P
in
t
eg
r
ato
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
21
,
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
ltan
t
s
y
s
tem
h
ar
d
war
e,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
er
ip
h
e
r
als
b
y
AXI
-
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
u
n
it
[
3
4
,
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltan
t
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tain
s
f
o
u
r
o
u
tp
u
t
ch
a
n
n
els
(
p
wm
0
,
p
wm
o
_
c1
,
p
wm
0
_
c2
,
p
wm
0
_
c
3
)
,
ea
ch
c
h
an
n
el
is
u
s
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
a
DC
to
D
C
co
n
v
er
to
r
with
s
u
itab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
a
d
d
r
ess
m
ap
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
e
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
e
d
em
b
e
d
d
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
h
ar
d
war
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
ad
d
r
ess
m
ap
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
2
.
1
.
3.
F
P
G
As
s
lice
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
tep
im
p
lies
co
n
f
ig
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
FP
GAs
s
lice
wit
h
s
y
s
tem
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
y
n
th
esis
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
d
o
w
n
lo
a
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
X
ilin
x
s
y
n
th
esis
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
XST)
to
o
l
is
u
s
ed
in
s
y
n
th
e
s
is
s
tag
e
to
g
en
e
r
ate
an
in
d
u
s
tr
y
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ata
in
ter
ch
an
g
e
f
o
r
m
at
(
E
DI
F)
f
ile.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ta
tio
n
s
tag
e
im
p
lies
co
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
g
en
er
ated
(
E
DI
F)
f
ile
i
n
to
a
p
h
y
s
ical
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
n
tain
ed
in
n
ativ
e
cir
c
u
it
d
escr
ip
tio
n
(
NC
D)
f
ile
is
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
a
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
f
ile
th
at
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
p
r
o
g
r
am
th
e
FP
GAs sl
ice.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
202
1
:
22
0
-
2
28
224
2
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
o
f
t
wa
re
dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
k
it
(
SDK)
to
o
ls
av
ailab
le
in
v
iv
ad
o
I
DE
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
u
s
in
g
C
lan
g
u
ag
e
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
a
r
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
p
r
o
g
r
am
p
ar
t
th
at
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
t
h
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
als is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
r
eg
is
ter
s
L
R
0
an
d
L
R
1
o
f
ea
ch
tim
er
ar
e
lo
ad
e
d
with
ar
r
ay
s
A0
an
d
A1
th
at
h
o
ld
s
th
e
p
er
io
d
an
d
h
ig
h
tim
e
v
alu
es
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
in
a
f
ash
io
n
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
d
ata
(
A0
an
d
A1
ar
r
ay
s
)
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
v
ia
th
e
in
p
u
t/o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
r
t
GPI
O_
I
O
u
s
in
g
ce
r
tain
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
es
(
API
s
)
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
with
C
lan
g
u
a
g
e
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
GPI
O_
I
O
p
o
r
t
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
two
ch
an
n
els,
ch
a
n
n
el
1
is
s
p
ec
if
i
ed
f
o
r
ac
q
u
i
r
in
g
d
ata
o
f
A
0
a
r
r
ay
a
n
d
ch
an
n
el
2
is
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
ata
o
f
A1
ar
r
ay
in
th
e
f
ash
io
n
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l/s
tatu
s
r
eg
is
ter
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
u
n
ter
wh
ile
T
ab
le
2
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
u
s
ed
b
its
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
/s
tatu
s
r
eg
is
ter
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l/s
tatu
s
r
eg
is
ter
i
s
s
et
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
to
g
e
n
er
ate
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
v
alu
e
(
r
eg
is
ter
v
alu
e
=0
x
2
1
4
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6.
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
a
r
t o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
g
en
e
r
atin
g
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
T
ab
le
1
.
Data
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
m
o
d
e
R
e
a
d
C
y
c
l
e
A
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
D
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
1
A
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
D
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
2
1
2
3
4
A
0
[
0
]
→L
R
0
o
f
t
i
mer
_
0
A
0
[
1
]
→L
R
0
o
f
t
i
mer
_
1
A
0
[
2
]
→L
R
0
o
f
t
i
mer
_
2
A
0
[
3
]
→L
R
0
o
f
t
i
mer
_
3
A
1
[
0
]
→L
R
1
o
f
t
i
mer
_
0
A
1
[
1
]
→L
R
1
o
f
t
i
mer
_
1
A
1
[
2
]
→L
R
1
o
f
t
i
mer
_
2
A
1
[
3
]
→L
R
1
o
f
t
i
mer
_
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
mb
ed
d
ed
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
ystem
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
lla
b
le
p
erio
d
-
w
id
th
mu
ltich
a
n
n
el
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
… (
Ma
z
in
R
.
K
h
a
lil
)
225
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l/s
tatu
s
r
eg
is
ter
d
iag
r
am
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l/
s
tatu
s
r
eg
is
te
r
b
it d
ef
in
itio
n
Bit
N
a
me
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
9
P
w
m
0
=
D
i
sa
b
l
e
p
w
m,
1
=
En
a
b
l
e
p
w
m
7
EN
T
0
=
D
i
sa
b
l
e
t
i
m
e
r
,
1
=
E
n
a
b
l
e
t
i
m
e
r
6
EN
I
T
0
=
D
i
sa
b
l
e
I
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
,
1
=
E
n
a
b
l
e
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
5
Lo
a
d
0
=
N
o
l
o
a
d
,
1
=
l
o
a
d
t
i
m
e
r
w
i
t
h
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
LR
4
A
R
H
T
A
u
t
o
R
e
l
o
a
d
/
H
o
l
d
,
0
=
H
o
l
d
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
,
1
=
R
e
l
o
a
d
c
o
u
n
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
L
R
2
G
EN
T
0
=
D
i
sa
b
l
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
,
1
=
En
a
b
l
e
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
si
g
n
a
l
1
UDT
0
=
U
p
c
o
u
n
t
,
1
=
D
o
w
n
c
o
u
n
t
0
M
D
T
Ti
mer
M
o
d
e
,
0
=
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
,
1
=
C
a
p
t
u
r
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Fig
u
r
e
8
d
is
p
lay
s
a
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
al
(
p
w
m
0
)
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
tim
er
_
0
o
n
h
a
r
d
war
e
m
an
ag
er
in
teg
r
ate
d
lo
g
ic
an
al
y
ze
r
(
h
w_
ila)
win
d
o
w,
th
e
g
e
n
er
ateo
u
t0
an
d
g
e
n
er
ateo
u
t1
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
o
n
e
clo
ck
p
u
ls
es
g
en
er
ated
b
y
co
u
n
ter
0
an
d
co
u
n
ter
1
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
er
ateo
u
t0
s
ets
th
e
p
er
io
d
w
h
ile
th
e
o
n
tim
e
o
f
th
e
p
wm
0
p
u
ls
e
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
b
o
th
g
e
n
er
ateo
u
t0
an
d
g
e
n
er
at
eo
u
t1
s
ig
n
als.
At
th
e
ex
p
ir
atio
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
t
in
ter
v
al
o
f
co
u
n
ter
0
a
s
in
g
le
p
u
ls
e
o
f
g
en
er
ateo
u
t0
is
r
elea
s
ed
to
in
itiate
th
e
o
n
tim
e
o
f
p
wm
0
a
n
d
at
th
e
ex
p
ir
atio
n
o
f
co
u
n
t
in
ter
v
al
o
f
co
u
n
te
r
1
a
s
in
g
le
p
u
ls
e
o
f
g
en
er
ate
o
u
t1
is
r
elea
s
ed
to
ter
m
in
ate
th
e
o
n
tim
e
o
f
p
wm
0
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
t
in
ter
v
al
o
f
ea
c
h
co
u
n
ter
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
to
r
ed
in
L
R
0
an
d
L
R
1
r
eg
is
ter
s
th
at
co
n
tain
A0
[
0
]
an
d
A1
[
0
]
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
As
A0
[
0
]
an
d
A
1
[
0
]
a
r
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
t
GPI
O_
I
O,
t
h
e
d
ata
f
ed
to
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
s
y
s
tem
v
ia
th
is
p
o
r
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
th
at
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
p
er
io
d
an
d
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ated
s
ig
n
al
(
p
wm
0
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
co
n
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o
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ated
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e
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Fig
u
r
e
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.
P
u
ls
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m
o
d
u
lat
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s
ig
n
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ated
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y
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er
_
0
Fig
u
r
e
9
d
ep
icts
f
o
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r
p
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ig
n
als
(
p
wm
0
,
p
wm
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_
c
1
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p
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a
n
d
p
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g
en
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ated
b
y
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e
s
y
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o
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r
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s
with
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e
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d
h
i
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h
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ated
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alu
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in
L
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T
ab
le
1
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Fig
u
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e
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s
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u
ls
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g
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ated
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y
t
h
e
d
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ed
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y
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tem
af
ter
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T
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3
s
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h
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ar
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ately
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e
d
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icate
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d
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s
y
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tem
im
p
l
ies
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ig
h
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ilit
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to
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ea
lize
a
s
i
m
u
l
tan
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s
co
n
tr
o
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o
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th
e
p
e
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io
d
an
d
d
u
ty
f
ac
to
r
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f
f
o
u
r
p
wm
c
h
an
n
els
p
u
ls
e
b
y
p
u
ls
e
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
ex
ter
n
al
ef
f
ec
t.
T
h
is
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t o
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er
o
th
er
to
d
ate
p
wm
s
y
s
tem
s
th
a
t o
f
f
er
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l o
n
p
er
io
d
o
r
d
u
ty
f
ac
to
r
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Ob
tain
e
d
h
ig
h
tim
e
a
n
d
p
er
i
o
d
f
o
r
f
iv
e
co
n
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ec
u
tiv
e
p
u
ls
es
P
u
l
s
e
N
u
mb
e
r
H
i
g
h
T
i
me(
µ
se
c
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e
r
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o
d
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1
2
8
6
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2
1
6
2
4
2
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8
3
4
5
5
7
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2
2
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4
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1
6
3
4
3
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4
4
8
4
6
9
2
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
S
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
ap
er
was
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
n
ew
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
d
esi
g
n
in
g
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
o
n
zy
n
q
-
x
c
7
z0
2
0
FP
GA
d
ev
i
ce
to
g
en
e
r
ate
f
o
u
r
ch
an
n
els
p
wm
s
ig
n
als
with
v
ar
iab
le
p
er
i
o
d
a
n
d
p
u
ls
e
wid
t
h
.
Ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
;
f
o
u
r
p
wm
s
ig
n
als
ca
n
b
e
g
en
er
ated
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
with
zy
n
q
-
x
c7
z0
2
0
FP
GA
s
s
lice
u
s
in
g
em
b
ed
d
e
d
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
As
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
en
e
r
ated
s
i
g
n
als
d
ep
en
d
s
m
ain
ly
o
n
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
th
e
FP
GAs
s
lice,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ated
p
wm
s
ig
n
al
tr
ain
s
ca
n
b
e
e
x
ten
d
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
.
T
h
e
p
er
i
o
d
an
d
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
o
f
ea
ch
p
wm
s
ig
n
al
ca
n
b
e
v
a
r
ied
in
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
ity
with
ex
ter
n
al
s
ig
n
al
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
t
y
ield
in
g
a
c
o
n
tr
o
llab
le
p
wm
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
with
(
1
5
n
s
ec
-
60
s
ec
)
ac
h
iev
ab
le
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
p
e
r
io
d
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
an
d
p
er
io
d
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
p
u
ls
e
b
y
p
u
ls
e
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
u
ls
es
b
y
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
ai
n
s
im
u
ltan
e
o
u
s
ly
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
s
y
s
tem
with
h
ig
h
co
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
p
ap
er
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ab
ilit
y
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
p
wm
s
ig
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
wh
o
s
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ated
with
an
ex
ter
n
al
ef
f
ec
t
to
co
n
tr
o
l
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
its
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
is
ch
a
r
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
y
s
tem
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
v
ar
iatio
n
in
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
a
n
d
p
er
io
d
,
p
u
ls
e
b
y
p
u
ls
e.
Fu
r
th
er
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
g
en
e
r
ate
8
-
1
6
ch
a
n
n
els
p
wm
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
tech
n
iq
u
es a
d
o
p
ted
i
n
th
is
wo
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
Li
H
u
a
n
d
W.
Wan
g
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
P
WM
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
in
a
M
CS
-
5
1
Co
m
p
a
ti
b
le
M
CU,"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m o
n
Hig
h
De
n
sity
Pa
c
k
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
M
ic
ro
sy
ste
m In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
]
S
.
P
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Dig
i
tal
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
G
e
n
e
ra
te
Va
riab
le
a
n
d
M
u
lt
i
p
le
P
WM
S
i
g
n
a
ls,
"
S
e
c
o
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
(IC
ICIC
2
0
0
7
)
,
p
p
.
4
5
7
-
4
6
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
Y.
Xu
a
n
d
M
.
Xia
n
g
,
"
De
sig
n
A
Ne
w
Ty
p
e
P
W
M
P
e
rip
h
e
ra
ls
in
Nio
s
II
,
"
W
RI
W
o
rl
d
Co
n
g
re
s
s
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
-
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
2
-
4
4
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[4
]
A.
Ag
a
rwa
l
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
F
P
G
A
Ba
se
d
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
fo
r
Trap
e
z
o
id
a
l
M
o
d
u
late
d
C
y
c
lo
in
v
e
rter,"
Fi
f
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
u
t
o
ma
ti
o
n
fo
r
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
il
it
y
,
p
p
.
4
7
9
-
4
8
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
M
.
Kh
a
li
l
a
n
d
S
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
,
"
D
e
sig
n
in
g
o
f
a
P
u
lse
Wi
d
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
De
sig
n
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
-
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
A.
Zem
m
o
u
ri,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
u
lse
Wi
d
t
h
M
o
d
u
latio
n
Us
in
g
Ha
rd
wa
re
/S
o
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