TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommunication,
Computing,
Electr
onics
and
Contr
ol
V
ol.
18,
No.
2,
April
2020,
pp.
716
725
ISSN:
1693-6930,
accredited
First
Grade
by
K
emenristekdikti,
No:
21/E/KPT/2018
DOI:
10.12928/TELK
OMNIKA.v18i2.13871
r
716
T
echnology
or
ganization
en
vir
onment
framew
ork
in
cloud
computing
Iqbal
Ahmed
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering,
Uni
v
ersity
of
Chittagong,
Bangladesh
Article
Inf
o
Article
history:
Recei
v
ed
Aug
12,
2019
Re
vised
Jan
2,
2020
Accepted
Feb
7,
2020
K
eyw
ords:
Cloud
computing
SMEs
T
echnology
adoption
T
OE
frame
w
ork
ABSTRA
CT
Cloud
Computing
is
a
rapidly
emer
ging
technology
o
v
er
the
last
fe
w
years,
that
has
abolished
the
b
urden
of
purchasing
hea
vy
hardw
are
and
softw
are.
Cloud
computing
has
been
adv
antageous
to
Small
and
Medium-sized
Enterprises
(SMEs),
though
man
y
SMEs
ha
v
e
not
adopted
to
delv
e
into
its
appealing
benefits.
T
o
increase
the
cloud
adoption
rate
in
these
Enterprises,
the
most
important
thing
is
to
understand
the
aspects
which
influence
the
cloud
adoption.
The
article
focuses
on
these
f
actors,
which
influence
the
use
of
cloud
service
s
by
establishing
the
three
layer
hierarchical
frame-
w
ork
based
on
the
grounded
on
the
T
echnology
Oriented
En
vironmental
(T
OE)
frame
w
ork
through
systematic
literature
re
vie
w
.
Because
cloud-based
solutions
of
fer
numerous
benefits
for
companies,
the
y
ha
v
e
precious
cloud
determinants.
This
paper
therefore
took
into
account
the
T
echnology
Or
g
anization
En
vironment
T
OE
model
for
Cloud
Computing
adoption.
In
addition,
the
questionaries
designed
at
the
end
also
indicate
the
significant
connection
in
the
decision
of
adoption
between
three
conte
xt
of
T
OE.
Moreo
v
er
,
the
designed
questionaries
has
been
used
for
the
analysis
of
cloud
computing
adoption
in
Bangladeshi
SMEs.
This
is
an
open
access
article
under
the
CC
BY
-SA
license
.
Corresponding
A
uthor:
Iqbal
Ahmed,
Department
of
Computer
Science
and
Engineering,
Uni
v
ersity
of
Chittagong,
Chittagong-4331,
Bangladesh,
Email:
iqbal.ahmed@cu.ac.bd
1.
INTR
ODUCTION
No
w
adays,
cloud
computing
has
been
a
major
agenda
in
the
computing
field.
Cloud
computing
is
the
on-demand
deli
v
ery
of
computer
system
resources
as
a
service
o
v
er
the
netw
ork
[1].
The
features
of
cloud
computing,
including
scalability
,
fle
xibility
and
pay-per
-usage
model
[2]
has
the
potential
to
influence
the
v
arious
aspects
of
social
and
economic
acti
vities
globally
in
v
arious
types
of
enterprises.
Cloud
computing
of
fers
enormous
benefits
to
all
or
g
anizations
and
enterprises,
including
SMEs
[3].
SMEs
are
the
enterprises
in
which
amount
of
personnel
are
less
than
certain
limits,
and
the
y
are
control
the
data
of
high
sensiti
vity
.
Some
cases
of
sensiti
v
e
data
which
is
controlled
by
SMEs
are:
data
of
intelligence
agenci
es
and
go
v
ernment
federal,
financial
data
of
companies,
purchase
contracts,
compan
y
databases,
de-identified
research
data,
bank
associated
data
lik
e
bank
accounts,
pi
n,
passw
ords,
bal
ances
and
deali
ngs,
trade
secrets,
email
accounts,
drug
formulas,
accounting
records
and
source
codes
[4].
The
adoption
of
cloud
computing
is
gro
wing
rapidly
as
it
allo
ws
enterprises
to
concentrate
on
their
essential
b
usiness
e
v
ents,
and,
thus,
ef
ficienc
y
is
impro
v
ed
[5].
An
adequately
adopted
cloud
pro
vides
a
plenty
of
benefits
to
the
enterprises
such
as
unlimi
ted
computing
po
wer
,
easy
access
of
data
and
applications,
lo
wer
IT
e
xpenditure,
and
b
ui
ld
up
competiti
v
e
adv
antage.
Recently
,
J
ournal
homepage:
http://journal.uad.ac.id/inde
x.php/TELK
OMNIKA
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
r
717
SMEs
has
sho
wn
a
great
concern
in
including
cloud
computing
to
their
o
v
erall
Information
technology
(IT)
strate
gies.
A
recent
report
by
Mckinse
y
[6]
on
the
adoption
rate
of
cloud
service
by
SMEs
informed
that,
70%
of
SMEs
ha
v
e
formerly
bought
at
least
tw
o
cloud
service,
and
40%
ha
v
e
bought
six
or
more
cloud
services.
Ne
v
ertheless
the
touted
benefits
of
cloud
computing,
its
adoption
and
implementation
in
S
MEs
is
f
aced
with
man
y
challenges
including
nati
onal
and
int
ernational
re
gulations,
shortage
of
industry-specific
conformism
to
principles,
s
ecurity
and
pri
v
ac
y
threats
[7-9].
Due
to
these
challenges,
some
enterprises
are
quiet
anxious
around
the
threats
of
shifting
b
usiness-critical
applications
to
the
cloud.
There
is
therefore
the
need
to
under
-
stand
the
f
actors
that
can
influence
their
rate
of
adoption
in
companies
in
order
to
gro
w
in
cloud
computing.
This
study
will
e
xamine
the
perception
of
IT
professionals
as
re
g
ards
cloud
services
in
the
conte
xt
of
the
T
echnology
Or
g
anization
En
vironment
(T
OE)
and
IT
professionals
are
concerned
about
their
adoption
[10].
Recently
,
adoption
of
technology
has
become
the
most
adv
anced
area
for
research
in
Information
Systems.
Most
researchers
focused
on
the
ne
w
f
actors
that
af
fect
technology
adoption
at
both
the
indi
vidual,
the
or
g
aniza-
tional
le
v
els.
V
arious
theories
and
models
established
to
e
xplain
technological
adoption,
assuming
ne
w
f
actors
in
all
practicable
areas.
These
include
Reasoned
Action
Theory
(AR
T),
Planned
Conduct
Theory
,
T
echnology
Model
for
Acceptance
(T
AM),
comprehensi
v
e
T
AM,
unified
technology
(UT
A
UT)
and
the
moti
v
ational
model,
the
Theory
of
Inno
v
ation
Dissemination,
social
cogniti
v
e
theory
and
T
echnological
En
vironment
Or
g
anization
(T
OE).
Much
research
conducted
at
the
indi
vidual
le
v
el
of
technology
adoption
and
a
fe
w
or
g
anizational
tasks.
This
study
focuses
mainly
on
the
or
g
anizational
frame
w
ork,
such
as
the
En
vironment
T
echnology
Or
g
anization
(T
OE).
The
conte
xt
of
an
or
g
anizati
on
has
a
big
ef
fect
on
accepting
and
carrying
o
ut
the
re
v
olution.
T
OE
is
the
frame
w
ork
co
v
ering
three
dif
ferent
roots
in
the
perspecti
v
e
of
an
or
g
anization
in
the
decision-making
process.
T
echnological,
or
g
anizational
and
en
vironmental
conte
xts
are
these
fundamental
principles.
In
this
field
of
technical
adoption,
it
tak
es
an
hour
to
look
at
future
research
opportunities.
The
T
OE
Frame
w
ork
contrib
utes
too
man
y
areas
by
e
xplaining
dif
ferent
technological
de
v
elopments,
such
as
e-commerce,
b
usiness
resource
planning,
green
IT
Start-Up,
cloud
computing,
Small
and
medium-sized
companies
(SMEs),
etc.
2.
B
A
CKGR
OUND
STUD
Y
2.1.
T
echnology
Adoption
T
echnology
adoption
for
information
systems
is
a
mature
field
of
research.
In
[11]defined
technology
adoption
a
s
the
stage
in
which
an
indi
vidual
or
an
or
g
anization
will
be
able
to
choose
a
technology
for
use.
The
problems
relating
to
technology
adoption
ha
v
e
g
ained
more
prominence
in
recent
days
with
rapid
progress
in
technology
inno
v
ations
of
e
v
ery
imaginable
field.
Great
in
v
estment
for
the
introduction
of
ne
w
technologies,
made
by
or
g
anizations
and
go
v
ernments
that
can
bring
a
change
in
the
life
of
users.
Ho
we
v
er
,
such
in
v
estments
cannot
produce
results
unless
the
intended
users
adopt
inno
v
ations.
The
e
v
olution
of
this
field
of
research
in
information
systems
must
understood
and
future
research
opportunities
e
xamined
[12].
Figure
1.
Common
Cloud
Computing
Adoption
Models
T
ec
hnolo
gy
or
ganization
en
vir
onment...
(Iqbal
Ahmed)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
718
r
ISSN:
1693-6930
2.2.
Cloud
Computing
According
to
National
Standards
and
T
echnology
Institute
(NIST)
”cloud-based
computing
as
a
model
that
pro
vides
f
ast,
con
v
enient
on-demand
netw
ork
access
to
an
interaction
with
a
shared
b
undle
of
computer
resources
configurable
(e.g.,
netw
orks,
Serv
ers,
Storage,
Applications,
Services).
It
fost
ers
a
v
ailabilities
that
are
composed
of
fi
v
e
basic
features
(self
service
on-demand,
broad
netw
ork
access,
pooling
of
resource
sources,
rapid
elasticity
and
measured
service)
three
models:
(Softw
are
as
a
Service
(
SaaS),
Platform
as
a
Service
(P
aaS),
Infrastructure
as
a
Service
(IaaS).
A
v
ariety
of
cloud
services
ha
v
e
been
a
v
ailable
o
v
er
the
past
se
v
eral
years.
The
cloud
deplo
yment
models
in
particular
need
to
be
tak
en
int
o
account
for
a
cloud
infrastructure
installation
or
g
anization.
Here,
one
of
the
four
models
can
be
selected.
A
pri
v
ate
cloud
pro
vides
or
g
anizational
computing
services
to
members
of
a
single
or
g
anization.
Y
our
cloud
system
is
located
in
your
o
wn
data
center
or
via
an
internet
data
center
,
which
is
rented
out
and
operated
on-site
or
managed
on
an
indi
vidual
basis
by
a
third
party
[13].
The
community
cloud
pro
vides
computer
se
rvices
to
enable
collaboration
for
a
mission,
security
or
compliance
for
a
specific
purpose.
Public
clouds
may
be
operated
by
an
y
public
cloud
compan
y
,
such
as
Amazon,
Microsoft
and
Sales
F
orce
[14].
The
cloud
is
not
limited
to
one
person
or
a
compan
y
.
There
is
a
h
ybrid
cloud
model
running
on
tw
o
or
more
models
[15].
As
computer
services
are
required,
the
mark
et
continues
to
increas
e
for
companies
that
co
v
er
latenc
y-free
and
w
orldwide
safe
services
[16].
Unbiased,
companies
ha
v
e
started
considering
ho
w
to
use
h
ybrid
IT
in
a
comple
x
IT
en
vironment
by
combining
IT
systems
and
services?
Therefore,
companies
need
a
systemic
approach
to
set
k
e
y
cloud
computing
models
and
IT
netw
ork
v
alues
should
help
to
ef
fecti
v
ely
manage
cloud
computing
systems
[17].
2.3.
Adoption
Methods
and
Theories
There
are
a
number
of
t
echnological
inno
v
ation
and
technological
adoption
theories
and
studies.
V
arious
theories
and
models
for
clarifying
the
occurrences
of
technological
adopt
h
ypothesize
ne
w
f
actors
in
all
practicable
fields
[18].
Ut
most
common
theorization
is
T
echnology
Acceptance
Model
(T
AM),
Theory
of
Planned
Beha
vior
(TPB),
Unified
Theory
of
Acceptance
and
Use
of
T
echnology
(UT
A
UT)
and
T
OE
frame
w
ork
(T
echnology-
Or
g
anization-En
vironment).
The
Figure
1
sho
ws
fe
w
common
cloud
computing
adoption
models
and
T
able
1
presents
their
brief
descriptions.
T
able
1.
Adoption
methods
and
theories
Adoption
Models
De
v
eloped
By
Published
Y
ear
Used
As
Dif
fusion
of
Inno
v
ation
(DOI)
Ev
erett
Roger
In
1960
Indi
vidually/Or
g
anizationally
Theory
of
Reasoned
Action
(TRA)
Fishbein
and
Ajzen
In
1975
Indi
vidually
Social
Cogniti
v
e
Theory
Albert
Bandura
In
1986
Indi
vidually/Or
g
anizationally
T
echnology
Acceptance
Model
(T
AM)
Da
vis,
Bagozzi
and
W
arsha
w
In
1989
Indi
vidually/
Or
g
anizationally
T
echnology
Or
g
anization
En
vironment
(T
OE)
Fleischer
and
T
ornatzk
y
In
1990
Indi
vidually/Or
g
anizationally
Theory
of
Planned
Beha
vior
(TPB)
Ajzen
In
1991
Indi
vidually
Moti
v
ation
Model
Da
vis
et
al.
In
1992
Indi
vidually
Extended
T
AM
V
enkatesh
and
Da
vis
In
1996
Indi
vidually/Or
g
anizationally
Unified
Theory
of
Acceptance
and
Use
of
T
echnology
(UT
A
UT)
V
enkatesh
and
Morris
In
2003
Indi
vidually/Or
g
anizationally
2.4.
T
echnology
Or
ganization
En
vir
onment
(T
OE)
T
echnological
Or
g
anizinng
En
vironmental
(T
OE)
frame
w
ork
is
proposed
to
study
the
use
of
tecnolog-
ical
inno
v
ations
[19].
The
y
maintain
that
the
decision
to
adopt
technological
inno
v
ation
based
on
en
vironmental
and
or
g
anizational
f
actors
and
technological
characteristics.
This
frame
w
ork
therefore
en
visages
a
three-fold
frame
w
ork
for
technological
inno
v
ation
assum
ption
and
e
x
ecution:
the
technical,
the
structural
and
the
en
vi-
ronmental
conte
xt.
(a)
T
echnological
Conte
xt
The
technological
background
refers
to
the
rele
v
ant
technologies
in
the
enterprise.
This
includes
e
xisting,
compan
y-
related
tools
and
emer
ging
technologies.
(b)
Or
g
anizational
Conte
xt
The
or
g
anizational
perspecti
v
e
describes
the
or
g
anizational
characteristics.
Joint
or
g
anizational
characteristics
include
corporate
size,
centralizi
ng
de
gree,
formality
,
management
structure
comple
xity
,
Quality
of
its
human
resources
and
domestic
slack
resources
[20].
Or
g
anizational
characteristics
may
also
reduce
or
mak
e
it
possible
for
technological
inno
v
ations
to
be
adopted
and
implemented.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
18,
No.
2,
April
2020
:
716
–
725
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
r
719
(c)
En
vironmental
Conte
xt
The
en
vironment
is
the
space
where
an
or
g
anization
carries
out
its
acti
vities.
This
includes
occupational
associates,
participants
and
the
administration
[21].
It
is
outside
of
an
or
g
anization,
which
has
restrictions
and
prospects
on
high-tech
re
v
olution.
This
mak
es
the
T
OE
structure
widely
applicable
in
v
arious
disciplines,
because
researchers
can
choose
each
dimension
based
on
inno
v
ation
and
or
g
anizational
characteristics
such
as
the
w
ork
of
[22].
In
contrast
to
certain
theories
or
models
in
the
study
of
Information
Systems,
the
T
OE
Frame
w
ork
is
a
generic
theory
which
only
mentions
se
v
eral
aspects
of
adoption,
without
stating
the
f
actors
of
each
dimension.
3.
THE
PR
OBLEM
ST
A
TEMENT
There
is
plenty
of
study
at
the
indi
vidual
le
v
el
of
technology
adoption
and
a
fe
w
or
g
anizational
ac
ti
v-
ities.
The
purpose
of
this
paper
is
to
conduct
a
collected
,
systematic
re
vie
w
analysis
to
classify
critical
aspects
of
information
technology
adoption
in
cloud
computing
or
g
anizations
under
the
roof
T
OE
frame
w
ork.
4.
RESEARCH
AND
REVIEW
AN
AL
YSIS
METHOD
F
ollo
wed
by
the
methodology
of
systematic
literature
re
vie
w
,
research
documents
with
proper
k
e
y-
w
ords
and
b
uzzw
ords
are
do
wnloaded
from
v
arious
authentic
sources.
The
follo
wing
electronic
databases
were
retrie
v
ed
for
the
literature
search,
chosen
due
to
their
content
being
related
to
the
discipline:
Google
Scholar
,
academic
databases
including
IEEEXplore,
Springer
Link,
ScienceDirect,
A
CM
Digital
Library
,
Else
vier
etc.
The
ne
xt
Figure
2
gi
v
es
the
idea
of
systematic
re
vie
w
process.
Figure
2.
The
Systematic
Literature
Re
vie
w
Process
This
paper
e
xamined
what
most
of
the
researchers
in
this
field
were
focusing
on.
In
the
initial
s
earch,
the
paper
focused
on
k
e
yw
ords
lik
e
model
of
technology
adoption,
theories
and
model
of
adoption
in
SMEs
etc.
Hott
est
documents
ha
v
e
ag
ain
searched
online
to
contain
an
y
missing
documents,
which
ha
v
e
been
left
out
due
to
ne
w
k
e
yw
ords.
Since
we
w
anted
to
look
o
v
er
the
years
and
not
apply
these
theories
and
models,
we
ha
v
e
collected
papers
that
pro
vide
a
general
o
v
ervie
w
of
some
of
the
main
theories
e
v
olv
ed
o
v
er
the
years.
Seminar
and
Conference
papers
on
these
theories
ha
v
e
been
do
wnloaded
and
thoroughly
studied
to
understand
the
T
OE
in
the
domain
of
Cloud
Computing.
5.
SYSTEMA
TIC
LITERA
TURE
REVIEW
Although
some
identified
f
actors
may
v
ary
from
study
to
research
in
three
conte
xts,
T
OE
has
a
strong
theory
and
consistent
support
[23].
F
or
e
xample,
In
[24],
the
y
re
g
arded
the
T
OE
as
the
main
historical
e
vidence
of
e-b
usi
ness
dif
fusion,
whil
e
in
[25]
proposed
the
T
OE
model
to
understand
the
use
of
RFID
by
manuf
acturing
companies
that
w
ant
to
increase
the
visibility
and
ef
ficienc
y
of
the
supply
chain.
SMEs
use
the
green
practices
to
analyze
the
dri
v
ers
that
influenced
by
T
OE
Frame
w
ork.
In
the
[26],
results
ha
v
e
demonstrated
that
SMEs’
use
of
Enterprise
Adoption
(EA)
af
fects
technology
,
or
g
anization
and
en
vironment,
concentrated
on
aspects
that
af
fect
SMEs
adoption
of
Customer
Relationship
Management
(CRM)
and
e-procurement
systems.
This
T
ec
hnolo
gy
or
ganization
en
vir
onment...
(Iqbal
Ahmed)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
720
r
ISSN:
1693-6930
implies
that
the
T
OE
model
is
a
po
werful
tool
for
foreseeing
ho
w
SMEs
will
accept
EA.
The
f
actors
of
use
of
CRMs
in
hospitals
ha
v
e
been
discussed
in
[27].
The
T
OE
frame
w
ork
w
as
used
as
a
test
model
by
[28],
who
carried
out
a
query
to
in
v
estig
ate
electronic
commerce
f
actors
among
mid-to
small-
scale
(small
and
medium)
926
companies
in
V
ietnam.
Mobile
corporations
ha
v
e
been
in
v
estig
ating
through
T
OE
conjunction
[29].
The
T
OE
frame
w
ork
used
to
analyze
and
de
v
elop
hierarchical
dynamics
that
stimulus
the
use
of
cloud
computing
in
companies
[30].
F
ollo
wing
an
analysis
of
f
actors,
the
most
important
ef
fects
on
companies,
the
or
g
anization,
and
the
en
vironment,
ha
v
e
been
found
in
technology
.
These
findings
ha
v
e
sho
wn
that
T
OE
is
an
appropriate
frame
w
ork
for
research
on
Information
T
echnology
(IT)
system
adoption.
The
results
of
the
study
may
also
allo
w
companies
to
dedicate
resources
to
de
v
elop
the
successful
rates
of
cloud
computing
according
to
the
mass
of
each
f
actor
,
with
lo
wer
costs
and
higher
ef
ficienc
y
.
Furthermore,
results
for
cloud
pro
viders
can
pro
vide
information
on
the
needs
of
customers
and
of
fer
appropriate
operations
and
mark
eting
strate
gies.
This
defines
the
three-f
actor
hierarch
y
that
influences
cloud
computi
ng
adoption
in
companies
which
represents
in
T
able
2.
T
able
2.
Three
layer
hierarch
y
f
actors
af
fecting
EA
of
cloud
computing
T
echnology
or
g
anization
en
vironment
(toe)
T
echnology
Related
Impro
v
ement
-
Cost
Adv
antage
-
Ef
ficienc
y
-
Fle
xibility
-
Capacity
Management
-
Rob
ustness
-
Security
Concern
Compatibility
-
Easy
to
use
-
Usefulness
Or
g
anization
T
op
Management
Support
-
V
ision
for
Long
term
-
Commitment
of
Resources
-
Establishing
Goal
Or
g
anization
Readiness
-
Financial
Readiness
-
T
echnological
Infrastructure
En
vironment
Competiti
v
e
Pressure
-
Industrial
Structure
V
ariations
-
Relati
v
ely
Economic
Position
Increase
-
Ne
w
Business
Peer
Group
Administration
Re
gulation
-
Management
Inducement
-
Re
gulation,
Strate
gy
T
echnology
Support
Infrastructure
-
Access
to
the
V
endor
-
Suitable
User
and
T
echnical
Assistance
-
Pro
vider
Relationship
6.
T
OE
IN
CLOUD
COMPUTING
ADOPTION
REVIEW
AN
AL
YSIS
Most
cloud
adoption
studies
e
xpending
the
T
OE
frame
w
ork
define
a
technological
conte
xt
in
terms
of
inno
v
ati
v
e
technology
features.
A
brief
re
vie
w
of
articles
using
the
T
OE
Frame
w
ork
to
understand
cloud
adoption
described
in
T
able
3.
This
paper
sho
ws
ho
w
dif
ferent
perspecti
v
es
can
consolidated
through
an
inte
grated
approach
to
the
understanding
of
cloud
or
g
anizations.
W
ith
four
k
e
y
themes,
cloud
of
ferings
and
their
compatibility
with
b
usiness
needs
can
re
vie
wed
by
or
g
anizations.
Consequently
,
this
article
af
fects
both
research
and
practice.
Additionally
,
the
quick
checklist
use
to
see
ho
w
the
cloud
or
g
anization’
s
dif
ferent
aspects
w
ork.
Further
,
this
paper
can
help
to
understand
ho
w
dif
ferent
f
actors
af
fect
cloud
adoption
probabilities
in
dif
ferent
SMEs.
The
follo
wing
are
sample
questions
designed
from
the
three
perspecti
v
es,
which
must
comply
with
the
T
echnology
Or
g
anization
En
vironment
(T
OE)
selection
when
adopt
ing
cloud
computing.
The
designed
questionnaires
represents
in
T
able
4
The
adoption
of
T
OE
in
cloud
computing
for
20
SMEs
in
Bangladesh
are
analyzed
under
the
three
conte
xt
(T
echnical,
Or
g
anizational
and
En
vironmental).
All
these
SMEs
are
ready
to
adopt
cloud
computing
the
designed
questionnaire
of
T
able
4
has
been
used
to
them.
The
analysis
of
T
OE
adoption
in
cloud
computing
for
20
SMEs
of
Bangladesh
are
sho
wn
in
ne
xt
Figure
3.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
18,
No.
2,
April
2020
:
716
–
725
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
r
721
T
able
3.
T
OE
in
Cloud
Computing
and
Re
vie
w
Analysis
with
four
main
theme
P
apers
Domain
Method
T
echnology
Conte
xt
Or
g
anization
Conte
xt
En
vironment
Conte
xt
Lo
w
,
Chen
et
al.
[31]
Business
A
frame
w
ork
based
sur
-
v
e
y
collected
data
from
111
high-tech
companies
in
T
aiw
an.
Relati
v
e
Benefit,
Com-
ple
xity
and
Compatibility
Support
for
top
management,
firm
size,
readiness
for
technology
Competiti
v
e
Pres-
sures
and
pressure
from
trading
part-
ners
Nasir
and
Niazi
[32]
Business
Ef
fecti
v
eness
of
the
CAAM
in
assessing
readiness
of
the
or
g
aniza-
tion
to
implement
cloud
computing
is
assessed
through
3
case
studies
Not
Significant
Learning
Capaci
ty
,
IT
Capacity
of
the
or
g
anization
Competiti
v
e
pressure,
Net-
w
ork
dominance
e
xpectations
Bor
gman,
Bahli
et
al.
[33]
Business
In
semi-structured
inter
-
vie
ws,
this
qualitati
v
e
re-
search
project
compiled
data
in
15
dif
ferent
SMEs
by
adopting
the
theoretical
T
OE
frame
w
ork.
Compatibility
,
Comple
x-
ity
,
trail
ability
,
relation
adv
antage
Inno
v
ation
and
kno
wledge
prior
to
that.
Size,
top
manage-
ment
support,
in-
no
v
ation,
IT
e
xpe-
rience
prior
to
im-
plementation
Bor
gman,
Bahli
et
al.
[33]
Business
De
v
eloped
an
enlar
ged
T
OE
frame
w
ork
in
a
number
of
h
ypotheses
carried
out
by
24
global
firms
in
se
v
eral
industries
Compatibility
and
Rela-
ti
v
e
Adv
antage
T
op
management
assistance,
firm
size
and
b
usiness
user
IT
e
xpertise
En
vironmental
Competition
and
re
gulation
Lorraine
Mor
g
an
[34]
Business
3
case
studies
by
service
pro
viders
and
their
cus-
tomers
in
literature
will
b
uild
on
this
research,
which
does
not
address
the
comple
x
and
di
v
erse
na-
ture
of
adoption
in
e
xisting
cloud
technologies
Compatibility
and
Com-
ple
xity
,
relati
v
e
adv
antage
and
ability
to
test
IT
e
x
ecuti
v
es
fear
of
losing
control
of
their
IT
en
vironment
is
necessary
for
collaboration
and
openness,
increased
traceability
and
auditability
Risk
assessment
and
safety
and
le
g
al
issues
Mathe
ws
Z.
Nkhoma
[35]
Business
The
quantitati
v
e
approach
for
this
study
is
the
de
v
el-
opment
and
v
alidation
of
a
conceptual
theory
model
Compatibility
,
Security
,
Reliability
and
A
v
ailabil-
ity
,
Extension
of
e
xisting
applications
Lack
of
compliance
with
IT
standards
Comple
xities
in
the
hidden,
Shared
best
practices,
Cost
Fle
xibility
,
mark
et
adaptability
Amin
Saedi
[36]
Business
T
echnical
The
researcher
analyzed
the
data
after
g
athering
the
data
from
the
intervie
w
Relati
v
e
benefits,
Compat-
ibility
,
Accessibility
,
Data
Security
,
Pri
v
ac
y
Manage-
ment
Compatibility
,
ac-
cessibility
,
pri
v
ac
y
and
data
security
deficiencies
Sa
vings
in
costs,
relati
v
e
benefits,
compatibility
,
accessibility
,
se-
curity
and
pri
v
ac
y
impairments
Hsu,
Ray
et
al.
[37]
Business
The
y
ha
v
e
empirically
tested
their
research
model
with
200
T
aiw
anese
companies
Benefits
recei
v
ed,
b
usiness
issues
Capacity
for
IT
Not
Significant
T
ec
hnolo
gy
or
ganization
en
vir
onment...
(Iqbal
Ahmed)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
722
r
ISSN:
1693-6930
T
able
3.
T
OE
in
Cloud
Computing
and
Re
vie
w
Analysis
with
four
main
theme
P
apers
Domain
Method
T
echnology
Conte
xt
Or
g
anization
Conte
xt
En
vironment
Conte
xt
Ezer
Osei
Y
eboah-
Boateng
[38]
Business
In
order
to
o
v
ercome
the
sample
selection
error
,
random
sampling
and
purposeful
sampling
were
used.
Cloud
service
testing
capacity
,
pro
vision
of
essential
IT
infrastructure
and
resources,
e
xisting
system
compatibility
,
strength
of
in-b
uilt
safety
systems,
emplo
yee
learning
capacity
,
limited
technological
e
xpertise
in
similar
technologies,
non-performance
of
cloud
services
in
support
of
operational
operations
T
op
management
support
and
partici-
pation,
resistance
to
ne
w
technologies,
w
ork,
culture
and
style
conformity
,
or
g
anizational
structure
and
size
impacts
and
an
Initial
Industry
Adopters
Pro
viders
appro-
priate
user
and
technical
support,
the
selection
of
qualified
and
e
xpert
cloud
v
endors,
mark
et
influence,
nature
of
industry
,
relations
be-
tween
suppliers,
go
v
ernment
and
competitors
Gangw
ar
,
Date
et
al.
[15]
Business
Data
w
as
g
athered
from
280
IT
,
manuf
acturing
and
finance
companies
in
India
through
a
questionnaire
Compatibility
,
Comple
x-
ity
,
relati
v
e
benefit
Preparation,
T
op
management,
T
raining
and
Education
Support
for
Com-
petiti
v
e
pressure
and
trade
partners
Nede
v
[39]
Business
A
case
study
is
carried
out
from
information
col-
lected
by
a
lar
ge
multi-
national
compan
y
through
intervie
ws
with
four
IT
managers.
The
results
for
the
studied
popula-
tion
can
only
be
gener
-
alized
by
the
qualitati
v
e
method
and
comfort
sam-
pling
technique
A
relati
v
e
benefit,
compat-
ibility
,
redundanc
y
,
safety
and
performance
Pressure
on
com-
petiti
v
e
and
b
usi-
ness
partners
Size
and
techno-
logical
prepared-
ness
of
a
compan
y
T
able
4.
T
OE
questioner
of
cloud
computing
T
OE
of
cloud
adoption
T
echnology
-
Does
the
cloud
support
the
systems
that
are
comple
x?
-
Ho
w
does
this
cloud
supplier
ha
v
e
safety
mechanisms
and
e
xpertise?
-
Could
the
cloud
replicate
the
security
measures?
-
Is
the
cloud
capable
of
interf
acing
seamlessly
with
other
le
g
ac
y
cloud
applications?
Or
g
anization
-
Ho
w
well
the
top
managers
are
a
w
are
of
the
adv
antages
and
risks
of
mo
ving
to
the
cloud?
-
Ho
w
lar
ge
w
ould
the
project
be
depending
on
the
compan
y’
s
size?
-
Ho
w
well
qualified
are
our
IT
resources
for
cloud-based
application
issues?
-
Ho
w
dramatically
the
system’
s
w
orking
en
vironment
will
change
for
cloud
emplo
yees?
-
Is
the
cloud-based
w
ork
en
vironment
a
ne
w
w
ay
to
do
things?
En
vironment
-
Ho
w
f
ar
the
cloud-based
application
has
entered
the
industry?
-
Do
the
cloud
already
been
adopted
by
important
competitors?
-
W
ill
pass
all
re
gulatory
and
audit
controls
in
the
cloud
based
system?
-
Ho
w
man
y
cloud-based
suppliers
ha
v
e
industry
e
xpertise
and
or
g
anizational
application?
-
Do
these
suppliers
ha
v
e
references
in
the
industry
or
in
the
specific
application?
-
A
lar
ge
number
of
suppliers
can
be
chosen?
-
Can
cloud
v
endors
replicate
or
guarantee
current
terms
and
conditions?
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control,
V
ol.
18,
No.
2,
April
2020
:
716
–
725
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
T
elecommun
Comput
El
Control
r
723
Figure
3.
Analysis
of
T
OE
frame
w
ork
in
Bangladesh’
s
SMEs
7.
CONCLUSION
The
ultimate
objecti
v
e
of
this
study
w
as
to
conceptualized
the
link
between
the
T
OE
frame
w
ork
and
the
decision
of
or
g
anizations
(SMEs)
to
adopt
cloud
computing
and
all
three
f
actors
that
are
positi
v
ely
link
ed
to
the
decision
to
adopt
cloud
computing.
In
addition,
the
analysis
of
the
re
vie
w
w
as
significant
to
understand
the
f
actors
to
adopt
cloud
computing
in
T
OE
frame
w
ork
for
man
y
recent
days
or
g
anizations.
This
paper
is
not
free
of
limiting
f
actors,
it
only
look
ed
for
academic
papers,
white
papers,
mag
azine
articles,
other
academic
literature
databases
and
papers
from
forw
ard
and
backw
ards
searches,
whose
inclusion
w
ould
help
capture
more
cloud
adoption
problems
for
dif
ferent
types
of
or
g
anizations.
In
this
study
,
from
application
to
en
vironment,
v
arious
micro
as
well
as
macro
le
v
el
aspects
considered
in
the
inte
grated
perspecti
v
e.
Finally
,
the
quick
checklist
can
serv
e
as
the
roadmap
to
support
or
g
anizations/SMEs,
using
the
rele
v
ant
questions,
in
e
xploring
four
distinction
aspects
of
cloud
acceptance.
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ec
hnolo
gy
or
ganization
en
vir
onment...
(Iqbal
Ahmed)
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724
r
ISSN:
1693-6930
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O
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aced
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"
,
BSc
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Shef
field
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Uni
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v
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5,
2014.
BIOGRAPHY
OF
A
UTHOR
Iqbal
Ahmed
got
his
Bachelor
of
Science
(BSc)
Honors
de
gree
in
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
from
Uni
v
ersity
of
Chittagong,
Bangladesh
in
2007
and
achie
v
ed
joi
nt
Master
de-
gree
from
PERCCOM
program
of
European
Union
in
September
2015.
He
recei
v
ed
his
Master
of
Comple
x
System
Engineering
de
gree
from
Uni
v
ersity
of
Lorraine
(UL),
France
then
Master
in
T
ech-
nology
from
Lappeenranta
Uni
v
ersity
of
T
echnology
(LUT),
Finland
and
Master
de
gree
in
Perv
asi
v
e
Computing
and
Communication
for
Sustainabl
e
de
v
elopment
from
Lulea
Uni
v
ersity
of
T
echnology
(L
TU),
Sweden.
He
recei
v
ed
his
Ph.D.
de
gree
from
the
Department
of
Information
Science,
Sag
a
Uni
v
ersity
,
Japan
in
2018.
He
has
been
w
orking
as
an
Associate
Professor
in
the
department
of
com-
puter
science
&
Engineering
in
Uni
v
ersity
of
Chittagong
since
August
2018.
His
curre
nt
research
interest
lies
in
the
field
of
green
and
sustainable
computing,
cloud
computing
and
information
pro-
cessing.
He
has
been
a
w
arded
Cat-A
scholarship
of
Erasmus
Mundus
from
European
Union
tw
o
times
in
2010
and
2013
respecti
v
ely
.
T
ec
hnolo
gy
or
ganization
en
vir
onment...
(Iqbal
Ahmed)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.