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e
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
ities
s
u
ch
as
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
v
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ch
ec
k
in
g
s
ess
io
n
’
s
r
esu
lts
o
n
lin
e,
ca
len
d
a
r
o
f
ev
e
n
t,
ex
tr
a
-
cu
r
r
icu
lar
ac
ti
v
ities
an
d
let
p
eo
p
le
k
n
o
w
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
p
o
licy
.
T
h
e
s
tatem
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
m
an
u
al
way
o
f
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic.
Un
til
n
o
w,
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
way
o
f
p
lacin
g
an
a
d
v
er
tis
em
en
t
is
eith
er
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
s
ter
s
at
s
tr
ateg
ic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
ly
er
s
to
p
ass
er
s
b
y
o
r
b
y
g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
e
d
ia
h
o
u
s
e
e.
g
.
an
n
o
u
n
cin
g
o
n
a
r
ad
io
s
tatio
n
,
an
d
telev
is
io
n
a
d
v
er
tis
em
en
t.
all
th
ese
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ad
v
er
t
s
till
h
av
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
g
ettin
g
th
e
ad
v
e
r
t
ac
r
o
s
s
to
th
e
p
eo
p
le
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
c
o
s
t
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
I
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
web
s
ite
d
esig
n
h
as
m
ad
e
a
b
r
ea
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
n
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
c
o
n
ten
t
to
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
with
o
u
t
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
lim
itatio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
r
ev
en
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
aim
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
web
-
b
a
s
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
s
taf
f
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
e
co
-
o
p
e
r
ate
d
ata
s
y
s
tem
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
is
co
v
er
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
is
will
also
allo
w
th
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
its
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
m
an
y
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
alu
m
n
i,
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
a
n
d
jo
u
r
n
alis
t.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
es to
attain
th
is
ai
m
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws:
−
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
th
e
web
-
en
ab
led
s
ch
o
o
ls
−
T
o
f
o
s
ter
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ici
en
t
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
n
ews,
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t iss
u
es,
an
d
to
d
eliv
er
an
o
n
lin
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
to
f
o
s
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
s
ch
o
o
l h
o
u
r
s
.
−
T
o
em
p
o
we
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
to
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
ac
a
d
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
−
T
o
f
o
s
ter
g
r
ea
ter
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l a
n
d
t
h
e
en
tire
p
u
b
lic.
−
T
o
d
ev
el
o
p
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
co
n
ten
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
s
ch
o
o
l
-
wid
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ased
u
p
o
n
a
m
ix
ed
co
n
s
cr
ip
t su
b
-
s
cr
ip
t m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
is
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
to
en
h
an
c
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
tiv
ities
,
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
v
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ch
ec
k
in
g
o
f
s
ess
io
n
s
,
r
esu
lt
o
n
lin
e
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
ac
ad
em
i
c
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
I
t
e
n
h
an
ce
s
s
tu
d
e
n
t
to
b
e
en
g
a
g
ed
i
n
in
ter
n
et
-
b
as
ed
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
wr
iti
n
g
.
Mo
r
e
s
o
,
it
is
a
tr
em
en
d
o
u
s
a
s
s
is
tan
ce
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
s
well
as E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
s
in
ce
th
ey
ar
e
allo
wed
t
o
s
u
b
m
it
jo
u
r
n
al,
ar
ticles
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
n
ewsp
ap
er
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
Ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
a
r
en
t
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
a
s
s
o
ci
a
ti
o
n
(
P
T
A
)
m
e
e
ti
n
g
d
a
y
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
b
o
u
t
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
c
a
n
b
e
c
h
ec
k
e
d
a
n
y
w
h
e
r
e
a
n
y
t
i
m
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
ter
n
et
wh
ich
h
as
n
o
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
,
allo
ws
u
p
d
atin
g
o
f
u
r
g
e
n
t
an
d
n
ew
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
q
u
ick
l
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
at
ely
.
W
ith
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
a
web
p
ag
e
is
ea
s
y
to
am
en
d
a
n
d
m
an
ip
u
late
an
d
it
h
as
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
wh
ich
m
ak
es
th
e
web
p
ag
es
ea
s
y
to
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
an
d
n
a
v
ig
ate
b
etwe
en
p
ag
es
.
T
h
e
b
en
e
f
it d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es:
−
E
n
ab
les th
e
s
ch
o
o
l a
u
th
o
r
ities
’
to
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
th
eir
d
u
ties
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
.
−
Allo
ws ea
s
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
−
Stu
d
en
ts
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
l in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
wh
er
e
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
,
at
an
y
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ay
.
−
I
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
s
t
in
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
:
in
ten
d
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
r
e
g
is
ter
f
o
r
ad
m
is
s
io
n
an
y
wh
er
e
wi
th
o
u
t
h
a
v
in
g
t
o
co
m
e
d
o
wn
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
−
T
h
e
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
an
ag
em
en
t
d
ec
is
io
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
in
ce
th
ey
ca
n
co
n
tact
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ab
o
u
t
an
y
co
n
ce
r
n
alwa
y
s
with
o
u
t g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
tr
ess
o
f
h
av
in
g
t
o
c
o
m
e
d
o
wn
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l p
r
e
m
is
es.
−
T
h
e
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
r
eliab
le
an
d
ac
c
u
r
ate.
R
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
T
h
e
[
31
]
,
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
e
n
lig
h
ten
m
e
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d
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aily
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ap
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alo
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with
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ca
ti
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ce
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C
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n
ten
t
an
aly
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i
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tech
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iq
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a
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p
lied
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a
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atasets
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d
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in
f
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r
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P
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.
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117
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u
ca
tio
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u
p
er
v
is
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n
as
well
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p
r
o
v
id
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ce
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p
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er
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r
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also
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r
ig
in
ate
ess
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tial a
m
en
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m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
[
32
]
,
d
esig
n
ed
an
in
ter
a
ctiv
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web
s
ite
f
o
r
a
h
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g
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titu
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Ph
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ics
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tili
zin
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to
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ch
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m
ar
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HT
ML
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.
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p
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b
s
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ld
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Dep
ar
tm
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o
n
an
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
e
v
en
ts
as
well
as
th
e
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
m
a
d
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
o
th
e
r
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t
in
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
also
s
tated
th
at
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
was
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
r
estricte
d
s
er
v
ices
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
eless
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
[
33
]
,
d
es
ig
n
ed
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
en
ted
a
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
w
h
ich
was
ab
le
to
p
u
b
licize
s
ch
o
lar
s
’
g
r
ad
es
o
f
th
eir
ex
am
s
.
T
h
e
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
J
av
a,
p
h
ased
m
o
d
el,
an
d
An
d
r
o
id
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
ar
e
d
ata
g
ath
er
in
g
,
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
d
ialo
g
u
in
g
a
n
d
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
was e
f
f
ec
tiv
el
y
ex
ec
u
ted
u
s
in
g
p
h
ased
m
o
d
e
l m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
wer
e
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
is
s
ess
io
n
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
in
g
at
h
er
in
g
f
ac
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
v
iew
an
d
s
u
r
f
in
g
th
e
in
ter
n
et.
A
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
co
n
d
u
cted
v
ia
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
v
ice
-
p
r
in
ci
p
al.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
d
ev
el
o
p
a
web
-
b
ased
s
ch
o
o
l
p
o
r
tal
wer
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ep
ar
tm
en
ts
.
Oth
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
web
s
ite
was e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l m
ag
az
in
e
a
n
d
i
n
ter
n
et.
2
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
e
x
is
t
ing
s
y
s
t
em
T
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
is
b
ein
g
d
is
s
em
in
ated
in
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l in
No
r
th
C
en
tr
al
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
s
taf
f
an
d
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
is
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
is
m
ain
ly
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
.
Sin
ce
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ea
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
p
ass
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
alu
m
n
i,
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
as
ea
r
lier
s
tated
is
p
ap
er
-
b
a
s
ed
,
wh
ile
an
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
is
b
y
u
s
in
g
an
o
r
al
p
r
esen
tatio
n
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
T
V
o
r
r
ad
io
m
e
d
ia
to
b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
t
u
r
g
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
n
o
tice
b
o
ar
d
s
er
v
ed
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
v
ar
io
u
s
d
e
p
ar
t
m
en
ts
,
class
e
s
an
d
at
tim
es
ci
r
cu
lar
s
ar
e
p
asted
to
r
em
in
d
s
taf
f
o
r
p
ar
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
th
e
f
o
r
th
c
o
m
in
g
m
ee
tin
g
s
an
d
also
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
em
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
latest
ch
an
g
es
in
ac
ad
em
ic
ev
en
ts
.
An
ac
ad
em
i
c
ca
len
d
ar
th
at
s
h
o
ws
ev
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
wh
o
le
s
ess
io
n
is
m
ad
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
,
lik
ewise,
o
th
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
e
r
tain
in
g
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ad
m
is
s
io
n
a
d
v
er
tis
em
en
t,
s
p
o
r
ts
ev
en
ts
,
s
tu
d
en
t
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t r
ep
o
r
t sh
ee
t a
r
e
m
a
in
ly
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
.
Or
al
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
is
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
in
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
al
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
taf
f
m
ee
tin
g
p
ass
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
tea
ch
er
s
,
wh
ich
is
later
r
elay
e
d
to
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
eir
v
a
r
io
u
s
class
es.
A
y
ea
r
ly
m
ag
az
in
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
ed
ito
r
ial
b
o
a
r
d
is
also
u
s
ed
to
im
p
ar
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
h
o
w
wo
r
k
an
d
p
ass
v
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
tes th
e
s
ch
o
o
l stan
d
ar
d
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
to
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
an
d
th
e
s
o
ciety
at
lar
g
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
T
V
an
d
r
ad
i
o
m
ed
ia
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
ass
im
p
r
o
m
p
tu
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
;
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
ass
m
ed
ia
to
p
ass
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
p
ar
en
ts
ab
o
u
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
s
u
es
lik
e
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
lid
ay
s
,
PTA
m
ee
tin
g
s
,
ad
m
is
s
io
n
ad
v
er
t,
h
o
lid
ay
c
o
a
ch
in
g
an
d
ab
o
u
t g
r
a
d
u
atio
n
d
a
y
.
−
Or
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ass
ed
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
m
ay
n
o
t b
e
a
cc
u
r
ate
wh
en
r
elay
in
g
it.
−
Mo
d
e
o
f
s
en
d
in
g
cir
c
u
lar
to
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
o
t
h
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t p
e
r
s
o
n
alities
in
s
o
ciety
is
v
er
y
s
lo
w.
−
Pap
er
-
b
ased
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
ted
io
u
s
to
am
en
d
wh
en
ev
e
r
th
er
e
is
a
m
is
tak
e
in
th
e
p
r
in
t o
u
t a
t
lar
g
e.
−
T
h
e
m
is
tak
e
in
th
e
p
r
in
to
u
t
o
f
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
r
ep
o
r
t
s
h
ee
t
o
r
m
ag
az
in
e
lead
s
to
wastag
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
; tim
e
an
d
it a
ls
o
i
n
cu
r
d
e
b
t.
−
T
h
e
co
s
t
ass
o
ciate
d
in
u
s
in
g
T
V
o
r
R
ad
io
m
ed
ia
a
n
d
p
a
p
er
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
o
d
is
s
em
in
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
v
er
y
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
at
lo
n
g
r
u
n
to
co
m
p
ar
e
to
web
-
b
ased
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
des
ig
n
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
es th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
f
r
o
m
a
m
a
n
u
al
s
y
s
tem
to
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
ized
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t in
v
o
lv
es t
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
b
lo
g
,
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
m
,
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
s
h
o
ws
u
s
h
o
w
th
e
web
s
ite
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
lo
o
k
s
an
d
wh
at
it
i
s
co
n
tain
ed
,
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
web
s
ite
co
n
tain
s
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
lik
e
co
n
tact
u
s
,
th
e
n
ewsletter
,
ad
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
m
,
f
ac
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
wh
ich
is
t
h
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
y
s
tem
d
escr
ib
es h
o
w
th
e
wh
o
le
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
11
5
-
12
3
118
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
f
lo
wch
ar
t
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
will
ed
u
ca
te
p
eo
p
l
e
o
n
its
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
h
o
w
p
eo
p
le
ca
n
ap
p
l
y
f
o
r
ad
m
is
s
io
n
,
p
u
r
c
h
ase
f
o
r
m
,
v
iew
ad
m
is
s
io
n
s
tatu
s
.
T
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
wh
at
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ca
n
u
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
is
v
er
y
ess
en
tial.
T
h
is
will
b
e
an
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
to
s
o
m
eo
n
e
wh
o
wan
ts
to
ap
p
l
y
f
o
r
ad
m
is
s
io
n
in
to
th
e
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
in
No
r
th
C
en
tr
al
o
f
Nig
er
i
a.
T
h
is
web
s
ite
wo
r
k
is
b
ased
o
n
a
s
er
v
er
,
wh
ich
h
as
an
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
’
’
lo
ca
l
h
o
s
t’
’
.
T
h
is
en
ab
les
th
e
web
s
ite
to
wo
r
k
as
wh
en
h
o
s
ted
;
it
h
as
to
wo
r
k
o
n
t
h
e
s
er
v
e
r
u
s
u
ally
th
e
wam
p
s
er
v
er
.
T
o
en
ter
in
to
th
e
s
ite,
th
e
s
er
v
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
tar
ted
an
d
th
en
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ag
e
y
o
u
e
n
te
r
wh
en
y
o
u
click
o
n
th
e
s
ite
f
o
ld
er
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ac
h
in
e
is
ta
g
g
ed
‘
in
d
ex
’
.
T
h
e
titl
e
o
f
th
e
in
d
e
x
p
ag
e
is
Ad
e
o
la
C
o
lleg
e
(
T
h
e
p
r
iv
ate
Sch
o
o
l in
No
r
th
C
en
tr
al,
Nig
er
ia)
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
m
ain
p
ag
e.
A
v
is
ito
r
n
ee
d
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
g
en
er
ally
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
th
ey
will
b
e
ca
lle
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
atab
ase,
a
n
d
th
e
d
a
tab
ase
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ta
b
les
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ata.
T
h
is
is
a
s
ite
th
at
lo
ts
o
f
p
eo
p
le
will
v
is
it
alwa
y
s
,
a
s
th
ey
will
b
e
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
h
o
w
th
ey
ca
n
g
et
tan
g
ib
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
ey
ca
n
en
r
o
ll
in
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
o
s
e
wh
o
k
n
o
w
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
web
s
ite
n
am
e
will
lo
g
in
to
th
e
s
ite
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
o
m
ain
n
am
e.
3
.
1
.
S
y
s
t
e
m
inte
rf
a
ce
s
T
h
e
n
ewsletter
b
o
x
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
is
an
ar
ea
wh
er
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ee
k
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
in
p
u
t
h
is
o
r
h
e
r
em
ail
to
en
q
u
ir
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
an
y
tim
e
s
o
m
eth
in
g
n
ew
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
es
u
p
.
T
h
e
n
ewsletter
is
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
r
ig
h
t
co
r
n
er
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
we
b
s
ite.
T
h
is
en
ab
les
an
y
b
o
d
y
to
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
e
to
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
o
r
an
y
latest
u
p
d
ates
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
ee
s
,
Ad
m
is
s
io
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
Ar
is
in
g
n
ee
d
s
an
d
g
en
e
r
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
id
e
b
ar
b
o
x
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
s
o
m
e
v
ital
f
e
atu
r
es
in
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
in
te
r
ac
tiv
e
s
ch
o
o
l
web
s
ite
an
d
it
i
s
lik
e
a
s
h
o
r
tcu
t
to
n
av
ig
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
web
s
ite
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
T
h
is
s
id
e
b
ar
c
o
n
-
s
is
t
s
o
f
th
e
n
ewsletter
,
th
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
n
tact.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws th
e
h
o
m
e
p
ag
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
a
n
d
th
is
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
lin
k
s
to
o
th
er
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
o
m
ep
ag
e;
v
is
ito
r
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
n
e
ws
in
ter
f
ac
e
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
th
e
n
ews
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
th
i
s
is
a
web
p
ag
e
th
at'
s
d
is
p
lay
s
an
y
latest
n
ews a
b
o
u
t th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
is
te
ch
n
ically
m
ea
n
s
y
o
u
ca
n
r
etr
ie
v
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
n
ews
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
o
f
f
y
o
u
r
r
ea
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
s
taf
f
in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
th
is
web
p
ag
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
s
taf
f
s
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
wh
ich
we
h
a
v
e
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
taf
f
s
,
th
e
we
b
p
a
g
e
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
n
am
e
o
f
th
o
s
e
s
taf
f
s
with
th
e
s
u
b
-
jects
th
ey
ta
k
e.
T
h
e
s
ex
o
f
th
e
s
taf
f
is
also
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
web
s
ite.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
n
tact
u
s
in
ter
f
ac
e
wh
er
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
en
q
u
ir
er
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
an
s
wer
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l,
it
i
s
a
f
o
r
m
li
k
e
p
a
g
e,
wh
er
e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
n
am
e
o
f
th
e
en
q
u
ir
er
,
e
m
ail
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
tera
ctive
w
eb
s
ite
o
n
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
d
is
s
emin
a
tio
n
(
P
eter O
.
S
a
d
iku
)
119
en
q
u
ir
er
,
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
q
u
i
r
er
ca
n
b
e
f
illed
,
t
h
e
en
q
u
ir
er
click
s
o
n
s
en
d
a
n
d
au
to
m
atica
lly
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
/q
u
esti
o
n
s
is
/ar
e
b
ein
g
f
o
r
war
d
ed
.
T
h
is
is
a
we
b
p
a
g
e
th
at
d
is
p
lay
s
a
f
o
r
m
to
b
e
f
i
lled
b
y
y
o
u
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
n
tact
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l w
h
en
e
v
e
r
y
o
u
wan
t to
en
q
u
ir
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
n
ewsletter
b
o
x
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sid
e
b
a
r
b
o
x
in
ter
f
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
h
o
m
e
p
a
g
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sch
o
o
l n
ews d
is
p
lay
in
ter
f
ac
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
11
5
-
12
3
120
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sch
o
o
l staf
f
d
is
p
lay
in
ter
f
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
n
tact
u
s
d
is
p
lay
p
ag
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
ac
ilit
ies
in
ter
f
ac
e
.
T
h
is
p
ag
e
tells
u
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
f
ac
ili
ties
,
th
o
s
e
am
en
ities
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
s
u
p
p
lied
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
g
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
b
e
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
p
ag
e
s
h
o
ws u
s
th
o
s
e
am
en
ities
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as,
to
e
n
h
an
c
e
g
o
o
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
b
e
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
o
s
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
in
clu
d
e:
co
n
d
u
civ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
f
u
lly
air
-
c
o
n
d
itio
n
ed
cl
ass
r
o
o
m
s
,
f
u
lly
a
n
d
n
ea
t
ly
tiled
,
n
o
is
e
-
f
r
ee
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
m
ax
im
u
m
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
p
ag
e
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
h
as
a
clin
ic
well
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
m
ed
ica
l
f
ac
ilit
ies
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
wellb
ein
g
an
d
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
.
So
m
e
co
m
p
eten
t
d
o
cto
r
s
an
d
n
u
r
s
es
wo
r
k
b
ey
o
n
d
s
ch
o
o
l
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
atab
ase
p
ag
e
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
is
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
th
e
tab
le
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
d
ata
b
ase
s
y
s
tem
,
it
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
th
e
d
atab
ase
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
atab
ase
co
n
s
is
ts
s
o
m
e
v
ital
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
a
r
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
th
e
d
atab
ase
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
tera
ctive
w
eb
s
ite
o
n
I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
d
is
s
emin
a
tio
n
(
P
eter O
.
S
a
d
iku
)
121
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Sch
o
o
l f
ac
ilit
ies p
ag
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Data
b
ase
d
is
p
lay
e
d
p
ag
e
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
aim
o
f
e
m
b
ar
k
i
n
g
i
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
was
to
d
esig
n
a
n
iter
ativ
e
web
s
ite
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
a
p
r
iv
ate
s
ch
o
o
l
in
No
r
th
C
en
tr
al,
Nig
er
ia.
T
h
e
web
s
ite
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
g
e
n
er
al
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
o
n
n
ews,
s
p
o
r
ts
,
ca
r
ee
r
talk
,
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
tal
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
esu
lts
,
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
ask
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
(
FAQ)
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
to
m
en
tio
n
b
u
t
f
ew.
As
at
th
e
tim
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
t
h
e
co
lleg
e
wasn
’
t
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
ac
q
u
ir
ed
o
r
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l w
er
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
-
o
f
f
-
lin
e
s
y
s
t
em
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ein
g
I
n
ter
n
et
r
ea
d
y
an
d
with
all
I
n
ter
n
et
f
ac
il
ities
e.
g
.
p
h
o
n
e
lin
es.
H
en
ce
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
m
ad
e
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ea
lis
ed
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
an
d
wh
y
s
h
e
s
h
o
u
ld
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e
o
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I
n
te
r
n
et,
an
d
also
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
av
in
g
a
web
s
ite
f
o
r
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
also
b
ased
o
n
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
web
s
ite
d
esig
n
f
o
r
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
11
5
-
12
3
122
T
h
er
f
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
au
g
m
en
t
m
a
n
u
al
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
as
well
as
to
elim
in
ate
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
W
h
en
ev
er
th
er
e
is
f
u
ll
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
an
d
s
ite
h
o
s
ted
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et,
th
e
we
b
s
ite
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
p
eo
p
le
b
o
th
in
s
id
e
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
s
iv
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
d
eliv
er
y
v
eh
icle
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
e
i
n
ter
est
is
u
tili
z
ed
as
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
b
ased
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
w
h
ich
a
d
d
s
to
th
e
s
ch
o
last
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Sch
o
lar
s
a
n
d
e
d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
p
r
o
f
its
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
to
g
eth
er
with
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
o
th
er
s
,
s
ep
ar
ate
o
f
o
f
f
icial
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
Peo
p
le
d
o
n
’
t
m
er
ely
lear
n
f
r
o
m
in
ter
est
b
u
t
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
ed
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Peo
p
le
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
in
ter
est,
b
u
t
th
ey
ar
e
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
etwo
r
k
ed
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
r
ea
lly
h
elp
ed
,
t
o
f
o
s
ter
s
ch
o
o
l
n
ews,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
d
eliv
er
y
o
n
lin
e
'
co
m
m
u
n
ity
'
to
f
o
s
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
th
e
C
o
lleg
e.
Plan
n
i
n
g
,
wr
itin
g
,
test
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ar
e
th
e
f
o
u
r
h
o
r
s
em
en
o
f
an
y
web
p
a
g
e.
R
ev
is
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ite
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
an
d
n
ew
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
u
p
d
ate
d
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
.
I
t
is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
wh
e
n
th
er
e
is
f
u
ll
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
wh
o
le
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
an
d
th
e
s
ite
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
will
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
an
d
it
will
s
er
v
e
as
a
p
iece
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
ac
k
u
p
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
u
s
er
f
r
o
m
a
lo
n
g
e
r
d
is
tan
ce
.
I
f
th
e
s
ite
is
to
b
e
c
h
an
g
e
d
in
f
u
t
u
r
e,
in
itial p
lan
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
n
d
ch
an
g
es
m
ad
e
s
lo
wly
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
n
e
r
u
n
s
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
lin
k
s
an
d
lo
s
in
g
tr
ac
k
o
f
th
e
d
es
ig
n
i
f
to
o
m
a
n
y
ch
an
g
es
ar
e
m
a
d
e
at
o
n
ce
.
A
clo
ck
ap
p
let
also
in
clu
d
ed
wh
i
ch
r
ef
lects th
e
tim
e
th
e
s
ite
is
v
is
ited
.
5.
RE
CO
M
M
E
NDA
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
f
o
r
co
lleg
es
to
f
o
s
ter
g
r
ea
ter
co
lla
b
o
r
atio
n
,
f
ast
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
y
wh
er
e
a
n
d
at
an
y
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
ay
.
Mo
r
e
s
o
,
it is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
lleg
e
th
at
th
e
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e:
−
Fu
ll c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
to
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
.
−
Ad
eq
u
ate
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
h
a
r
d
war
e
u
s
ed
.
−
E
asier
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
v
ital in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
f
u
lly
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
ed
b
y
L
an
d
m
ar
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
R
esear
ch
an
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t,
L
an
d
m
ar
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Om
u
-
A
r
an
,
Nig
er
ia.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
An
g
u
s J.
K.,
“
T
h
e
In
ter
n
e
t
th
e
R
o
u
g
h
G
u
id
e
(6
t
h
e
d
)
,
”
Ro
u
g
h
Gu
i
d
e
s
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
]
S
a
d
ik
u
,
P
.
O.
,
Og
u
n
d
o
k
u
n
,
R.
O.,
&
Olu
wa
k
e
m
i,
C.
A.
,
“
Ifo
u
n
d
-
An
O
n
li
n
e
L
o
st
Item
Re
c
o
v
e
ry
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
,”
i
-
M
a
n
a
g
e
r's
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Wan
g
H.
,
Ca
o
L.
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
e
rsiti
e
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
P
D
CA
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
d
u
stria
l
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s (A
M
E
II
2
0
1
5
)
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
S
a
h
u
M
.
K.,
“
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
n
g
t
h
ro
u
g
h
u
sin
g
s
o
c
ial
n
e
two
rk
i
n
g
sites
a
m
o
n
g
li
b
ra
ry
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
i
n
th
e
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
of
O
d
ish
a
:
a
su
rv
e
y
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Dig
it
a
l
L
i
b
ra
ry
S
e
rv
ice
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
45
-
54
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
Aire
n
Ad
e
ti
m
iri
n
,
“
Us
e
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
fo
r
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
o
n
b
y
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
tes
in
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
I
b
a
d
a
n
,
N
ig
e
ria
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
&
C
o
ll
a
b
o
r
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
12
-
20
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
Og
u
n
d
o
k
u
n
,
R.
O.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
sc
h
o
las
ti
c
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
st
u
d
e
n
ts
in
1
2
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
fro
m
a
p
ri
v
a
te
u
n
i
v
e
rsity
i
n
t
h
e
so
u
th
-
we
st
g
e
o
p
o
li
ti
c
a
l
z
o
n
e
in
Nig
e
ria
,”
F
1
0
0
0
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
Awo
tu
n
d
e
,
J.
B
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
a
n
d
u
se
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
st
u
d
e
n
ts
fo
r
lea
rn
in
g
p
u
rp
o
se
u
si
n
g
UTAU
T
m
o
d
e
l
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
p
.
9
1
-
1
0
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
C.
Hin
o
jo
sa
,
S
.
Clev
e
lan
d
,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
o
n
with
i
n
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
n
e
two
r
k
s
u
si
n
g
d
i
g
it
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
t
o
o
ls
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
5
0
th
Ha
w
a
ii
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
m
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
Du
ru
g
b
o
C.
,
“
M
a
n
a
g
in
g
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
c
o
l
lab
o
ra
ti
v
e
n
e
two
r
k
s.
i
n
d
u
strial
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
&
d
a
ta
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
Pro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
4
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
9
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Na
d
a
Kh
a
c
h
lo
u
f,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rso
n
a
l
n
e
two
rk
s
a
n
d
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
tran
sf
e
r
in
in
ter
-
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
n
e
tw
o
r
k
s
,”
J
o
u
rn
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n
se
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.
T.
,
“
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rc
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sfe
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.
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.
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3
]
Ad
e
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iy
i
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M
.
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,
“
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3
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d
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,
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ter
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5
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4
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,
“
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rd
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n
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k
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2
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1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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123
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5
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e
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la
A
.
,
“
Wh
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In
tern
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1
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n
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n
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].
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il
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tt
p
:/
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6
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n
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s
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0
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li
n
e
].
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le
:
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tt
p
s:/
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s.c
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7
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h
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e
L.
,
“
A
Li
tera
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v
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f
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n
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2
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,”
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ib
r
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d
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c
ti
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e
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n
u
a
r
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2
0
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7
.
[1
8
]
M
.
O.
Ad
e
b
i
y
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e
t
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l
.
,
“
S
e
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ti
c
s
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se
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a
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re
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tec
ti
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n
,”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
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mm
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mp
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9
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.
,
“
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r
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str
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re
str
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n
S
u
law
e
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ries
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fo
rm
a
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h
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n
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ls
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m
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s
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Pa
p
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2
2
4
.
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g
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n
d
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:
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rld
Ag
ro
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stry
Ce
n
tre
(ICRA
F)
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o
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si
a
Reg
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l
Pro
g
r
a
m
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
M
.
R.
Dic
k
e
y
,
“
1
5
Way
s
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Is
Re
in
v
e
n
ti
n
g
S
o
c
iet
y
,
”
2
0
1
3
.
[On
l
in
e
].
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a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
:
//
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w.b
u
sin
e
ss
in
sid
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p
=
1
/#
l
f
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d
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v
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re
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:
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0
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.
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1
]
Re
fe
re
n
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e
.
c
o
m
.
,
“
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w
h
a
s
t
e
c
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n
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y
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
th
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li
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,
”
2
0
1
7
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le
:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
re
fe
re
n
c
e
.
c
o
m
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rld
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e
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h
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lo
g
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.
[2
2
]
R.
B.
Ok
i
y
,
“
G
lo
b
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
I
CT
in
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
li
b
ra
ries
in
Nig
e
ria:
Th
e
wa
y
f
o
rwa
rd
,”
L
i
b
ra
ry
Ph
il
o
s
o
p
h
y
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
(e
jo
u
rn
a
l)
,
2
0
1
0
.
[O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/
d
i
g
it
a
lco
m
m
o
n
s.
u
n
l.
e
d
u
/cg
i/
v
iew
c
o
n
ten
t.
c
g
i?a
rti
c
le=
1
5
1
9
&
c
o
n
te
x
t=lib
p
h
il
p
ra
.
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c
e
ss
e
s: 1
7
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
A.
G
re
e
n
b
e
rg
, “
ICTs
fo
r
p
o
v
e
rty
a
ll
e
v
iatio
n
:
Ba
sic
to
o
l
a
n
d
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
se
c
to
r
,”
S
t
o
c
k
h
o
lm:
S
id
a
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
4
]
S
.
N.
Ha
ld
e
r
,
“
M
u
lt
im
o
d
a
l
r
o
les
o
f
li
b
ra
ry
a
n
d
i
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
sc
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n
c
e
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
in
p
re
se
n
t
e
ra
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
L
i
b
ra
ry
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
92
-
99
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
[2
5
]
P.
Ja
in
,
“
A
p
a
ra
d
ig
m
sh
if
t
in
th
e
2
1
st
c
e
n
t
u
ry
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
li
b
ra
rie
s
a
n
d
li
b
ra
rian
s:
p
ro
sp
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c
tu
s
a
n
d
o
p
p
o
rt
u
n
it
ies
,
”
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ro
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ac
a
d
e
mic
R
e
se
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rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
6
]
S
.
A.
Kh
a
n
,
R.
Bh
a
tt
i,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
li
b
ra
ry
p
r
o
fe
ss
io
n
a
ls
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
P
a
k
istan
,”
L
i
b
ra
ry
P
h
il
o
so
p
h
y
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
(e
-
jo
u
rn
a
l)
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
2
.
[2
7
]
M
.
G
.
M
e
lch
io
n
d
a
,
“
Li
b
ra
rian
s
i
n
th
e
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
tern
e
t:
th
e
ir
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
a
n
d
ro
les
:
A
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
iew
.
”
Ne
w
L
ib
ra
ry
W
o
rld
,
v
o
l.
1
0
8
,
n
o
.
3
-
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
-
1
4
0
.
,
A
p
ril
2
0
0
7
.
[2
8
]
K.
N.
Ra
o
,
K.
H.
Ba
b
u
,
“
Ro
le
o
f
l
ib
ra
rian
i
n
in
tern
e
t
a
n
d
W
o
rld
Wi
d
e
Web
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
i
n
fo
rm
i
n
g
s
c
ien
c
e
,
”
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
0
1
.
[2
9
]
C.
P
.
Uz
u
e
g
b
u
,
F
.
U.
M
c
Al
b
e
rt,
“
Dig
it
a
l
li
b
ra
rian
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
Op
e
n
Ac
c
e
ss
to
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
:
Th
e
M
ic
h
a
e
l
Ok
p
a
ra
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Ag
ric
u
lt
u
re
(M
OU
AU
)
li
b
ra
ry
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,”
L
ib
ra
ry
P
h
i
lo
so
p
h
y
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
(e
-
jo
u
r
n
a
l)
,
2
0
1
2
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
i
lab
le:
h
t
tp
:/
/d
i
g
it
a
lc
o
m
m
o
n
s.u
n
l.
e
d
u
/cg
i/
v
iew
c
o
n
ten
t.
c
g
i?a
rt
icle
=
1
8
1
4
&
c
o
n
tex
t=li
b
p
h
il
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ra
c
.
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c
e
ss
e
d
1
7
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
7
.
[3
0
]
M
.
K.
Ve
rm
a
,
“
Ch
a
n
g
in
g
r
o
le
o
f
li
b
ra
r
y
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