TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.14, No
.2, June 20
16
, pp. 387~3
8
9
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v14i1.3111
387
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 2
8
, 2016;
Re
vised Ma
y 4, 2016; Acce
pted May 1
0
, 2016
Editorial
Improved Output Voltage Quality using Space Vector
Modulation for Multilevel Inverters
Au
zani Jidin
1
, S
y
a
m
im
S
a
nusi
2
, Tole Sutikno
3
, Nik
Rum
z
i Nik Idris
4
1,2
Department of Po
w
e
r Electr
onics a
nd Driv
es
, F
a
cult
y
of
Electrical E
ngi
neer
ing,
Univers
i
ti T
e
knikal Mal
a
ysi
a
Melak
a
(UT
e
M), Malacca, Mal
a
y
s
ia
3
Departme
n
t of Electrical En
gi
neer
ing,
F
a
cult
y of Industri
a
l
T
e
chnolog
y,
Univers
i
tas Ah
mad Da
hla
n
(U
AD), Yog
y
akart
a
, Indon
esia
4
UT
M Proton Future Driv
e La
borator
y, F
a
cul
t
y
of Electrica
l
Engi
neer
in
g,
Univers
i
ti T
e
knolo
g
i Mal
a
ysia
(UT
M
), Johor, Mala
ysi
a
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Space vector
mo
du
latio
n
(SVM) has recei
v
ed w
i
de acce
ptance d
ue to ma
ny
be
nefits over othe
r
techni
qu
es su
ch as
hi
gh
er
output v
o
lta
g
e
s
, low
e
r
total
har
mo
nic disto
r
tion
(T
HD), hi
gh-effici
ency a
n
d
flexible
to be im
plem
ented in vector control
system
s. In
digita
l implementation, the
SVM
equations
can be
opti
m
a
lly co
mp
uted
by el
i
m
in
ate the
use
of
compl
e
x for
m
s
.
In this p
aper,
the si
mple
SV
M base
d
o
n
tw
o-
level
inverter
is
employ
ed for
hig
her l
e
vels of
inverter
s. This
is to retain the
simp
licity of S
V
M computati
o
n
for three-lev
e
l
and five-l
evel
cascade
d H-
brid
ge mult
i
l
ev
el invert
er (CHMI). Moreover, the propos
e
d
meth
od
utili
z
e
s
tw
o controller
boar
ds to perf
o
rm
hig
h
co
mp
utation
a
l w
o
rkl
oads
and to
eli
m
i
nate g
litch
a
n
d
error pro
b
le
ms
. Experi
m
ent r
e
sults show
th
at the T
HD of output volta
g
e
in five-l
eve
l
CHMI gives th
e
sma
llest va
lue
amon
g the res
u
lts obtai
ne
d from ot
her lev
e
ls
.
Keyw
ords: voltage q
u
a
lity, vol
t
age sourc
e
inv
e
rter,
space ve
ctor mod
u
l
a
tio
n
, multi
l
ev
el in
verter
Copy
right
©
2016 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
Voltage
sou
r
ce i
n
verte
r
s (VSI) have
evolved
a
s
th
e most popul
ar
po
wer conve
r
sio
n
fo
r
many AC dri
v
e applicatio
ns. The evol
vement of
VSI is in line with the deve
l
opment of variou
s
pulse width
modulatio
ns
(PWM
) algo
ri
thms suppo
rt
ed by the ad
vent of
solid
state swit
chi
n
g
device te
ch
n
o
logie
s
, fast
digital si
gnal
pro
c
e
s
sors, field prog
ram
m
able g
a
te a
rray
s
(FP
G
A) and
microcontroll
ers. Sin
c
e a few de
cad
e
s
ago, seve
ral
PWM algo
rith
ms we
re dev
elope
d to improve
some
pe
rformances of V
S
I su
ch a
s
hi
gh-p
o
we
r efficien
cy [1-2], high-output v
o
ltage [3
-4],
and
low-total
ha
rmonic di
storti
on (T
HD) [5
-6]. Obviously
, the re
sea
r
ch on VSI ha
s not yet co
m
e
to
state of
satu
ration, a
s
n
o
vel o
r
simplifie
d PWM
meth
ods continu
e
to eme
r
ge
for variou
s topol
ogy
inverter ci
rcui
ts an
d multil
evel inverte
r
s [7
-8]. Amo
ng vari
ou
s m
odulatio
n st
rategie
s
o
r
P
W
M
method
s, the
spa
c
e
vecto
r
mod
u
lation
(SVM) te
chni
que h
a
s re
ce
ived wid
e
a
c
cepta
n
ce du
e
to
several adva
n
tage
s su
ch
as hig
h
e
r
out
put volt
ages,
lowe
r THD,
high-efficien
cy and flexible
to
be implem
ent
ed in vector
control sy
stem
s [9-10].
The p
r
e
c
isi
o
n on SVM
control al
go
rithm is ve
ry importa
nt to prod
uce de
si
red
output
voltages, e
s
p
e
cially for hi
g
h
-pe
r
forman
ce AC dr
ive
system. For
example, the S
V
M techniq
u
e
is
widely ad
opt
ed in moto
r d
r
ive syste
m
s
to obtain ex
cellent torq
ue
or spee
d cont
rol pe
rforman
c
e.
The hig
h
de
gree
of accu
racy SVM m
odulato
r
is
compul
so
ry to prod
uce pro
per a
nd d
e
si
red
instanta
neo
u
s
ma
gnitud
e
and frequ
en
cy of output
A
C
voltage
s. T
he a
c
curacy
perfo
rman
ce
o
f
the mod
u
lato
r can b
e
d
e
t
ermine
d by
the reli
able
desi
gn
of control
algo
rithm an
d spe
ed
comp
utation
of processo
r or co
ntrolle
r board. The reliable de
sig
n
of control a
l
gorithm de
p
end
s
on the way th
e SVM algorit
hm is form
ula
t
ed.
In digital im
plementatio
n, the SVM equat
io
ns
ca
n be optim
a
lly compute
d
if the
equatio
ns
eli
m
inate the
u
s
e
of comple
x forms,
e.
g. trigon
ometry
functio
n
s,
e
x
ponential te
rms,
differential
e
quation
s
a
n
d
etc. Simplifi
c
ation
of
co
ntrol al
gorith
m
is
necessary for
en
su
ring
reliabl
e data
to be sto
r
ed
and ma
nipul
a
t
ed by the
co
ntrolle
r and
h
ence allo
ws t
he computati
on
of SVM at
hi
gher
sampli
n
g
rate. In th
e
propo
se
d d
e
v
elopment
of
SVM, the
si
mple SVM
b
a
sed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 387 – 38
9
388
on two-l
e
vel inverter i
s
em
ployed for hig
her level
s
of
inverters. This is to retain the simpli
city of
SVM com
put
ation for thre
e-level
and
five-level
ca
scaded
H-bri
d
g
e
multilevel i
n
verter
(
CH
MI)
.
More
over, th
e propo
se
d
method
utilizes t
w
o
cont
ro
ller b
oards,
where
ea
ch
co
ntrolle
r ha
s l
e
sser
tasks or
com
putation
s
that allows it to perfo
rm
the computation
a
l at higher rate
; provided th
at
the data is di
gitally transm
i
tted from DS
1104
cont
ro
ll
er bo
ard to F
P
GA using
G
r
ay co
de, whi
c
h
eliminate
s
glitch an
d error
probl
em
s.
The evalu
a
tion on T
H
D
of output vol
t
age an
d the
accuracy of
fundame
n
tal
output
voltage
resul
t
ed for every level of inverter is al
so carried out at modulatio
n ind
e
x,
0
.
9
.
The sim
u
lati
on re
sult
s obtaine
d fro
m
the
evaluation a
r
e
demon
strated
in Figure
1.
(a)
(b)
(c
)
Figure 1. Simulation an
d e
x
perime
n
tal result
s of pha
se voltage a
n
d
its freque
ncy spect
r
um
whe
n
modul
a
t
ion index
0
.
9
for (a) T
w
o-Lev
el, (b) Th
ree
-
Level and (c) Five-Level In
verters
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
proved Output Voltage Quality using S
pace Vect
or Modulation for Multilevel...
(Auzani Ji
din)
389
From thi
s
fig
u
re, it
can
be
ob
serve
d
th
at the
exp
e
ri
mental
re
sult
s a
r
e i
n
clo
s
e
agreem
ents
with
the sim
u
latio
n
re
sult
s. Sp
ecifically, the pa
ttern
s of wave sha
pe and
frequ
en
cy
spe
c
tru
m
of
output voltag
es in the exp
e
rime
nt
al re
sults are simil
a
r to that
obt
ained in the
simulation results.
The simila
riti
es between
simulatio
n
an
d experim
e
n
tal results, allow the re
sult
s of THD an
d
fundame
n
tal
output
voltage
obtain
e
d
via
simul
a
ti
on
to be assume
d si
milar with
that
of
experim
ental results. The total harmo
nic distortion of output voltage (i.e.
-pha
se voltage,
) in
five-level CHMI gives the
smalle
st valu
e amon
g the
results o
b
tain
ed from oth
e
r
levels. Thi
s
is
due to the wave shape of output voltage
obt
aine
d in five-level inverter for
0
.
9
is closed to a
pure
si
nu
soid
al wave shap
e, whi
c
h i
s
expecte
d
to h
a
ve le
sser
harmonic compo
nents. F
r
om
t
h
e
simulatio
n
re
sults, it can also be noti
c
ed
that the result
s of
fundamental out
put voltage
obtaine
d fro
m
any level of inverter at
0
.
9
is clo
s
e
d
to the cal
c
ulate
d
value ba
se
d on (1),
whe
r
e the
error bet
wee
n
th
e simul
a
tion
and
cal
c
ulate
d
value
s
is in
signifi
cant a
n
d
app
roximat
e
ly
less than 1 %.
,
(1)
Whe
r
e the m
a
ximum fund
amental outp
u
t vo
ltage produ
ced by the six-ste
p
voltage
,
2
⁄
.
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