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1.
I
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RO
D
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ter
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,
t
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t
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s
in
[
1
]
d
ef
i
n
e
I
o
T
as:
“
a
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
p
er
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o
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m
s
v
ar
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as
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e
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[
2
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an
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ac
it
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to
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n
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le
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al
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s
is
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s
s
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m
en
t,
it
i
s
n
o
te
w
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t
h
y
to
ass
es
s
s
o
m
e
n
eu
r
al
g
ic
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
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is
e
o
f
I
o
T
,
s
o
th
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tec
h
n
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lo
g
y
ca
n
ce
m
e
n
t it
s
el
f
o
n
a
m
ed
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u
m
ter
m
.
Dif
f
er
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t
a
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t
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o
r
s
h
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e
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e
f
i
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ed
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o
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o
w
n
p
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v
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.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
]
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
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as
“
a
n
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ter
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d
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g
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t
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ter
n
et,
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n
g
th
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cr
ea
tio
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o
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ata
th
at
ca
n
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ed
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t
o
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a
n
al
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tic
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m
an
ce
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d
s
u
p
p
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r
t
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
”.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
3
]
ar
g
u
e
s
t
h
at
“
I
o
T
is
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
tatic
an
d
/o
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m
o
b
ile
o
b
j
ec
ts
s
u
c
h
as
d
ev
i
ce
s
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
ith
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
m
o
d
u
les
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
te
r
n
et”.
I
n
[
4
]
s
t
a
tes
th
at
“
I
o
T
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
a
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
o
b
j
ec
ts
h
av
in
g
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
m
”.
I
n
[
5
]
d
ef
i
n
es
I
o
T
as
“
i
n
ter
n
e
t
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ca
n
b
e
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
an
d
ad
ap
ted
to
ch
an
g
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n
g
n
ee
d
s
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
u
s
e
f
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
co
llected
f
r
o
m
r
e
m
o
te
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
ar
ea
s
,
an
d
f
a
u
lt
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
r
estar
ts
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
a
n
d
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
b
y
n
o
t
h
av
i
n
g
to
s
en
d
o
u
t
tec
h
n
i
cian
s
to
r
e
m
o
te
p
lace
s
”.
In
[
6
]
m
e
n
tio
n
s
t
h
at
“
I
o
T
co
n
n
ec
t
s
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
d
ev
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s
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
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p
o
s
e
o
f
e
x
ch
a
n
g
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
”.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
[
7
]
s
a
y
s
th
at
“
t
h
e
I
o
T
is
a
g
lo
b
al
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ai
m
ed
at
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
an
y
t
y
p
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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KOM
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mil
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In
[
8
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in
d
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s
th
at
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th
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T
co
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p
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is
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s
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lar
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s
to
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an
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atter
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S
m
ar
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ci
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t
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as
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if
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s
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n
f
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at
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d
er
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t
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o
u
r
ce
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
”
[
9
]
.
S
m
ar
t
cities
w
ill
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
n
u
d
g
e
th
a
t
m
ad
e
d
ev
ice
s
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t
an
d
u
s
ef
u
l.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
0
]
,
“
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
m
in
ia
tu
r
izati
o
n
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
a
n
d
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
p
o
w
er
e
f
f
icien
c
y
,
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
at
io
n
o
f
i
n
telli
g
e
n
ce
in
to
o
r
d
in
ar
y
d
ev
ice
s
”.
T
h
is
i
m
p
lies
th
at
s
o
m
e
d
ef
in
it
io
n
s
m
a
y
ar
i
s
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
m
a
r
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
,
m
a
y
b
e
a
p
ar
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
citie
s
.
In
[
1
1
]
en
co
m
p
ass
es
I
o
T
in
S
m
ar
t
citie
s
b
y
s
tatin
g
t
h
at
“
in
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
r
o
b
o
ts
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
ev
ices
w
i
ll
h
av
e
to
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
te
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
l
y
an
d
i
n
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
m
a
n
n
er
w
it
h
ea
c
h
o
th
er
,
r
el
y
i
n
g
o
n
a
lar
g
e
e
x
t
en
t
o
n
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
k
s
,
w
h
ic
h
w
il
l
ex
p
an
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
w
ir
ed
/Eth
er
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
”;
[
1
2
]
s
h
ar
es
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
civ
il
co
m
f
o
r
t
b
y
ar
g
u
i
n
g
th
at
“
t
h
e
u
lti
m
ate
b
en
ef
it
o
f
t
h
e
I
o
T
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
b
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
au
to
m
atio
n
a
n
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
er
v
ices;
t
h
is
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
in
c
lu
d
es
p
u
b
lic
f
ac
i
liti
e
s
in
p
latf
o
r
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
m
ar
t
cities”.
In
[
1
3
]
m
en
tio
n
s
t
h
at
“I
o
T
is
in
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
f
d
ev
ice
s
en
ab
led
f
o
r
I
n
ter
n
et
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
a
s
m
ar
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t”
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
ef
in
it
io
n
g
iv
en
i
n
th
is
ar
ticle
w
ill
b
e:
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
g
r
ea
t
ex
ten
t
th
at
co
n
n
ec
t
s
d
ev
ice
s
th
at
e
m
it
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
w
i
th
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
at
a
g
ath
er
ed
b
y
s
aid
d
ev
ices
to
o
f
f
er
an
in
f
o
r
m
ati
v
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
th
at
is
co
m
p
letel
y
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
its
o
w
n
u
s
e
i
n
h
u
m
a
n
ev
o
lu
t
io
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
a
ce
r
tain
o
b
j
ec
t.
I
t is im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
k
ee
p
in
m
i
n
d
th
e
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
e
o
f
I
o
T
,
g
iv
en
t
h
at
a
citizen
-
ce
n
ter
ed
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
tak
e
o
f
f
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
1
4
]
ar
g
u
e
t
h
at
“w
h
ile
I
o
T
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
ar
e
w
id
el
y
a
v
ailab
le
to
d
a
y
,
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
j
u
s
ti
f
ied
b
y
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
I
o
T
g
r
o
w
s
w
it
h
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
o
n
it
s
s
i
g
h
t
m
a
y
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
a
w
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
th
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
in
v
o
lv
e
t
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
etti
n
g
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
[
1
5
]
s
tates
th
at
“
t
h
e
I
o
T
c
o
u
ld
b
ec
o
m
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t a
s
p
ec
t o
f
u
r
b
an
li
f
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
x
t d
ec
ad
e”
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
a
p
latf
o
r
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
m
a
n
ag
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
d
ata,
b
y
tak
i
n
g
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
latest
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
i
n
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
,
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
lici
n
g
an
d
d
ata
in
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
lat
f
o
r
m
,
I
o
M
T
d
ev
ices
’
d
ata
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
an
d
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
l
ices
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
ev
er
it
y
an
d
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ed
ical
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
Data
I
n
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
I
o
MT
d
ev
ice
d
atas
et
w
a
s
tr
an
s
lated
m
a
n
u
all
y
in
HL
7
FHI
R
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
is
w
as
th
e
m
ai
n
r
ea
s
o
n
th
at
a
s
m
al
l
d
ata
s
a
m
p
le
w
a
s
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
’
s
ev
al
u
ati
o
n
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
at,
w
e
r
es
u
lted
th
at
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
1
0
0
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
I
n
[
1
7
]
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
w
ea
t
h
er
o
n
r
id
er
s
h
ip
o
f
u
r
b
an
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
lin
e
s
,
tak
in
g
C
h
en
g
d
u
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
lin
e
1
an
d
lin
e
2
as
ex
a
m
p
les.
L
i
n
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
d
els f
o
r
est
i
m
at
i
n
g
th
e
d
ail
y
p
ass
e
n
g
er
f
lo
w
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ail
tr
an
s
it lin
e
s
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t w
ea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
f
o
r
C
h
en
g
d
u
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
lin
e
1
,
th
e
d
ail
y
r
id
er
s
h
ip
r
ate
o
f
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
i
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
W
h
ile,
f
o
r
C
h
en
g
d
u
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
li
n
e
2
,
th
e
d
ail
y
r
id
er
s
h
ip
r
ate
o
f
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
w
i
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
w
in
d
p
o
w
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ate
g
ies
to
r
ail
tr
an
s
it
o
p
e
r
ato
r
s
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
th
e
f
lu
c
tu
atio
n
in
d
ail
y
p
ass
e
n
g
er
f
lo
w
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
in
v
es
tig
a
te
lev
el
o
f
s
en
s
e
o
f
lo
n
elin
e
s
s
,
id
e
n
tit
y
s
t
y
le
s
an
d
I
n
ter
n
et
p
r
o
b
le
m
atic
u
s
e
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
d
escr
ip
ti
v
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
t
u
d
y
w
h
o
s
e
s
tatis
t
ical
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
al
l
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
o
f
T
ec
h
n
ica
l
-
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
Fac
u
lties
o
f
I
s
la
m
ic
A
za
d
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
in
1
3
9
4
-
9
5
(
2
0
1
5
-
2
0
1
6
)
in
T
eh
r
an
,
u
s
i
n
g
M
u
lti
s
ta
g
e
C
lu
s
t
er
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
3
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
lo
n
elin
e
s
s
,
id
en
ti
t
y
s
t
y
le
s
an
d
in
ter
n
et
ad
d
ictio
n
,
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
g
ath
er
in
g
d
ata.
Data
an
al
y
s
is
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
SP
SS
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
in
d
icate
t
h
at
s
en
s
e
o
f
lo
n
elin
e
s
s
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
t
w
o
o
th
er
v
ar
ian
ce
s
w
h
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
en
d
in
in
ter
n
e
t
ad
d
ictio
n
an
d
id
en
tity
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
r
u
n
-
u
p
a
n
d
r
u
n
-
d
o
w
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
w
er
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
u
n
d
er
ir
r
eg
u
lar
w
av
e
s
an
d
al
s
o
g
r
an
u
lar
a
n
d
g
eo
tex
tile
f
ilter
s
’
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
w
a
v
e
r
u
n
-
u
p
an
d
r
u
n
-
d
o
w
n
esti
m
ati
o
n
r
elatio
n
s
in
A
C
B
Ma
t
r
ev
etm
en
t w
i
th
th
e
o
p
en
ar
ea
w
er
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e.
A
s
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
ed
,
r
elativ
e
m
a
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[
1
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A
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1
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[
2
1
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.
T
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[
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2
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I
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in
ce
[
2
3
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m
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n
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
clea
n
i
n
g
,
s
to
r
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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e
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ata
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eliv
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esu
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ich
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s
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e
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u
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er
(
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er
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ice
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ac
ti
n
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ar
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Si
m
p
le
d
iag
r
a
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o
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e
o
p
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atio
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I
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T
2.
I
NT
E
RN
E
T
O
F
T
H
I
N
G
S
2
.
1
.
Dev
ices
An
I
o
T
d
ev
ice
(
also
k
n
o
w
n
as
en
d
p
o
in
t)
m
a
y
b
e
u
n
d
er
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to
o
d
as
a
g
ad
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et
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
es
in
f
o
r
m
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n
w
h
e
n
it
m
o
n
i
to
r
s
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tar
g
et.
T
h
is
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
allo
w
to
g
at
h
er
d
ata
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
A
n
o
ve
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view o
f
in
tern
et
o
f th
in
g
s
(
S
eb
a
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tia
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V
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)
2323
o
f
in
ter
e
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t
s
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ch
a
s
lo
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tio
n
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
-
r
elate
d
d
ata
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
ice
s
i
m
p
l
y
e
m
it
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
co
n
n
ec
t
its
el
f
to
th
e
in
ter
n
e
t
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
s
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
h
e
ad
ed
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
E
ac
h
d
ev
ice
h
as
its
o
w
n
id
en
ti
t
y
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
k
n
o
w
n
as
u
n
iq
u
e
id
e
n
ti
f
ier
(
UI
D)
w
h
ic
h
c
an
h
elp
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
r
ig
in
o
f
an
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ata,
as
m
e
n
ti
o
n
ed
b
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
i
n
[
2
5
]
“
R
ap
id
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
i
n
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
m
o
o
th
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
,
s
en
s
o
r
s
a
n
d
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
(
R
FID
)
h
av
e
r
es
u
lted
in
t
h
e
b
ir
th
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
”
.
H
en
ce
,
I
o
T
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ca
ter
s
to
th
e
co
m
f
o
r
t
o
f
citizen
s
b
u
t
to
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
cit
y
[
2
6
]
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
es
d
es
i
g
n
ed
f
o
r
I
o
T
h
av
e
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
o
v
er
w
ir
eless
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
s
i
n
ce
th
e
y
o
f
f
er
an
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
w
it
h
lo
w
r
eso
u
r
ce
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
[
2
7
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
lar
g
e
s
u
r
f
ac
es
o
r
lar
g
e
-
s
iz
ed
d
ev
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
is
s
ee
k
s
to
d
iv
er
s
if
y
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
I
o
T
d
ata.
A
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ch
a
llen
g
e
f
o
r
d
ev
ice
d
ev
e
lo
p
er
s
is
to
cr
ea
te
d
ev
ices
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
u
p
led
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
r
an
ch
es
o
f
t
h
e
in
t
er
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
[
2
1
]
.
So
m
e
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
ea
f
lo
o
r
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
as
ter
s
s
u
c
h
as
ts
u
n
a
m
i
s
o
r
h
u
r
r
ica
n
es
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
w
ater
an
d
th
e
ex
ter
io
r
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
in
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
s
tr
e
n
g
th
e
n
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
if
th
e
la
y
er
s
ar
e
estab
lis
h
ed
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
a
n
d
w
ith
o
u
t
f
ail.
A
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
cr
o
s
s
i
n
g
i
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
2
8
]
,
w
h
ic
h
is
b
ased
o
n
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lin
e
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
an
d
s
i
n
b
u
ild
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
an
I
o
T
-
b
ased
b
ig
d
ata
an
al
y
s
i
s
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
s
to
estab
lis
h
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ad
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
an
d
elec
tr
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
elec
tr
ic
b
ala
n
ce
o
f
air
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
w
ea
th
er
o
f
ea
ch
d
a
y
.
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
d
ev
ices
ar
e
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
eq
u
all
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
lo
ck
h
as
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
ev
i
ce
s
to
an
al
y
ze
i
t a
n
d
tak
e
it to
th
e
en
d
u
s
er
.
2
.
2
.
Net
wo
rk
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
th
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
lar
g
e
ar
ea
s
w
it
h
lit
tle
ef
f
o
r
t,
an
d
,
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
wo
r
ld
,
th
e
in
ter
n
et
f
u
l
f
ill
s
th
at
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
9
]
“
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
th
e
in
ter
n
et
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
av
aila
b
le
ev
er
y
w
h
er
e
a
n
d
h
as
s
p
r
ea
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
f
a
s
ter
th
a
n
an
y
o
th
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
”.
An
ar
ticle
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
w
r
itten
i
n
an
o
th
er
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
ld
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
d
w
it
h
r
elativ
e
ea
s
e
d
u
e
to
th
is
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
Gi
v
en
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
s
ev
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
ca
r
r
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
5
G
is
a
to
o
l
th
at
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
I
o
T
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
s
atis
f
y
lar
g
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
“
5
G
is
o
n
t
h
e
p
u
r
v
ie
w
w
h
er
e
I
o
T
w
i
ll
s
eize
th
e
s
ta
g
e
s
p
o
tlig
h
t,
as
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
w
o
u
l
d
f
o
r
m
a
n
o
tab
le
s
eg
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
”
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
is
a
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
t
w
o
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al,
s
af
e
an
d
s
w
i
f
t
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
[
3
1
]
.
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
s
ca
r
cit
y
i
s
an
o
th
er
r
estrictio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
in
g
m
as
s
iv
e
I
o
T
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
s
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
la
u
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
is
is
s
u
e
i
s
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
,
a
to
o
l
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
a
f
o
r
m
id
ab
le,
co
n
s
ta
n
t
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
o
g
n
i
tiv
e
r
ad
io
is
a
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
w
ar
e
o
f
its
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
an
d
k
n
o
w
s
w
h
ich
c
h
an
n
el
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
r
ea
l ti
m
e
to
ca
r
r
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
2
.
3
.
Securit
y
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ele
v
an
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i
n
a
n
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
T
h
e
r
is
e
o
f
an
y
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
it,
g
iv
e
n
th
at
t
h
e
g
ath
er
ed
d
ata
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
p
r
iv
ate.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
an
y
f
in
a
n
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
B
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
i
s
an
in
ter
e
s
ti
n
g
id
ea
th
at
ca
n
ass
u
r
e
th
e
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
,
au
t
h
o
r
izatio
n
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
n
teg
r
i
t
y
,
co
n
te
n
t
in
te
g
r
it
y
an
d
d
ata
s
a
f
et
y
.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
t
h
r
ea
ts
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3
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w
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[
3
4
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,
w
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tates
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[
3
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35]
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2
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4
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Clo
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T
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clo
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th
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lu
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th
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itie
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.
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t
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at
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co
m
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f
r
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th
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ter
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s
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w
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co
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p
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ter
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t c
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.
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C
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On
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P
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T
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Hen
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ca
p
ab
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ar
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av
ailab
le
at
lo
w
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p
r
ices
[
3
6
]
.
O
n
ce
th
e
d
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is
s
to
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ed
in
t
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clo
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n
t
d
e
man
d
i
n
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
s
I
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
s t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s i
n
t
h
e
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
me
d
i
c
a
l
t
e
a
m
.
Ea
sy
a
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
me
d
i
c
a
l
si
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
r
i
s
k
l
i
v
e
s.
I
n
a
n
o
v
e
r
sat
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
si
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
sy
st
e
m c
o
u
l
d
f
a
i
l
.
[
4
1
]
W
a
t
e
r
p
u
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
I
t
i
s a
p
u
r
i
f
i
e
r
t
h
a
t
c
l
e
a
n
s
w
a
t
e
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
c
e
sse
s.
I
t
i
s a
r
e
sp
o
n
se
t
o
w
a
t
e
r
c
o
n
t
a
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
e
st
me
n
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
i
f
i
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
x
p
e
n
se
s.
[
4
2
]
R
e
mo
t
e
/
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
i
e
s
I
t
c
a
n
t
a
k
e
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
si
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
s i
n
a
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
a
b
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
t
e
st
s
i
n
r
e
mo
t
e
l
a
b
s.
T
h
e
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
n
e
w
sk
i
l
l
s fo
r
t
h
e
sc
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
st
s fr
o
m fac
i
l
i
t
i
e
s.
T
h
e
mi
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
se
l
a
b
s
c
a
n
me
a
n
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
i
n
v
e
st
me
n
t
.
[
4
3
]
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
I
t
mo
n
i
t
o
r
s t
h
e
si
g
n
s a
n
d
sh
i
f
t
s o
f
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
me
d
i
c
a
l
st
a
f
f
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
h
a
n
d
l
e
s c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
st
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
t
c
a
n
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s t
r
e
a
t
e
d
i
n
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
d
a
y
,
t
h
e
i
r
v
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
n
s,
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
me
n
t
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
a
t
a
l
l
t
i
me
s.
T
h
e
me
d
i
c
a
l
o
v
e
r
r
u
n
i
n
c
o
st
s
o
f
a
b
u
d
g
e
t
h
o
l
e
i
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
h
o
sp
i
t
a
l
s w
h
e
r
e
t
h
i
s
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
u
se
f
u
l
b
u
t
l
e
ss a
f
f
o
r
d
a
b
l
e
.
[
4
4
]
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
a
r
d
i
v
e
mo
l
d
i
n
p
o
t
a
t
o
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
st
a
t
u
s o
f
t
h
e
so
i
l
t
o
t
a
c
k
l
e
t
a
r
d
i
v
e
mo
l
d
i
n
p
o
t
a
t
o
e
s.
I
t
h
e
l
p
s
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
l
o
sse
s i
n
c
r
o
p
s.
T
h
e
c
o
st
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
may
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
f
o
r
f
a
r
me
r
s.
[
45]
4.
CH
AL
L
E
N
G
E
S
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
tab
le
ch
alle
n
g
es
f
o
r
I
o
T
ar
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
co
s
ts
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
;
4
.
1
.
Securit
y
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
o
f
I
o
T
m
u
s
t g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
at
all
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
a
f
e,
w
h
ich
is
a
co
m
p
le
x
ch
a
llen
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
u
s
er
s
is
at
s
ta
k
e
an
d
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
m
u
s
t
e
v
o
lv
e
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
ac
e
as
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
e
v
ice
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
id
en
t
ial
d
ata
ca
n
n
o
t
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
ele
m
e
n
t
an
d
m
u
s
t
in
s
tead
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
to
h
ar
n
e
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
I
o
T
.
Har
n
ess
in
g
th
i
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
m
ak
i
n
g
it
s
af
er
g
o
i
n
h
a
n
d
w
it
h
th
e
tr
u
s
t
r
ate
t
h
at
is
r
ef
l
ec
ted
in
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et.
I
f
I
o
T
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
it
s
ex
p
ec
ted
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
it
w
il
l
cl
o
s
e
th
e
g
ap
o
f
m
i
s
tr
u
s
t
t
h
at
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
m
a
y
f
ac
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
lau
n
c
h
ed
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
4
.
1
.
Co
s
t
s
T
u
r
n
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
to
a
n
ad
ap
tab
le
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
ca
n
f
a
ce
m
o
d
er
n
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
s
s
u
es
i
m
p
lies
t
h
at
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
m
u
s
t
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
u
p
d
ates
w
h
ich
tr
a
n
s
late
s
in
to
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
co
s
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
o
s
ts
ar
e
a
r
elev
an
t
p
ar
t o
f
an
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
w
o
u
ld
also
in
clu
d
e
th
e
co
s
ts
r
elat
ed
to
in
s
tallatio
n
,
elec
tr
ic
in
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
lab
o
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
p
h
ase.
T
h
ese
co
u
ld
r
ep
r
esen
t a
n
o
b
s
tacle
o
n
th
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
I
o
T
.
4
.
2
.
Co
nn
ec
t
iv
it
y
L
ast
l
y
,
th
e
i
s
s
u
es
o
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
tack
led
b
y
I
o
T
to
b
e
o
n
p
ar
w
it
h
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
w
o
r
ld
p
eo
p
l
e
liv
e
in
,
s
in
ce
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
it
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
th
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
b
u
t
also
co
n
n
e
ctin
g
to
i
n
h
er
ited
a
s
s
et
s
.
T
h
ese
d
ev
ices
w
er
e
n
o
t
d
es
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
3
2
0
-
2327
2326
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
u
t
ca
n
g
i
v
e
d
ata
o
f
v
ital
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
in
t
ellec
tu
al
h
ar
n
es
s
i
n
g
o
f
s
aid
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
s
ee
k
s
t
o
b
u
ild
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
h
a
n
d
l
e
ti
m
e
d
ela
y
s
,
h
i
g
h
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tat
io
n
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
lo
w
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
In
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
o
lid
ated
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ess
e
n
tial
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
m
a
n
k
in
d
.
I
o
T
is
a
to
o
l
th
a
t
is
lack
in
g
i
n
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
all
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
i
m
p
er
ativ
e
n
ee
d
w
it
h
i
n
an
y
ci
t
y
t
h
at
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
r
e
an
d
co
m
f
o
r
t
o
f
its
citize
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
te
r
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
is
a
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
co
m
es
t
o
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ize
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
d
ev
ices
to
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
e
t
m
ak
in
g
a
s
m
ar
ter
an
d
in
telli
g
e
n
t
p
lan
et.
As
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
it
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
,
B
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
a
n
d
b
ig
d
ata
,
to
ca
r
r
y
all
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
w
it
h
e
f
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
n
ap
p
l
y
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
o
b
tain
r
esu
lt
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t so
u
r
ce
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
r
esea
r
ch
er
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
j
ec
t
b
y
t
h
e
C
e
n
ter
f
o
r
R
esear
ch
a
n
d
Scien
ti
f
ic
De
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
U
n
iv
er
s
id
ad
Dis
tr
ital Fr
a
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[6
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0
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1
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3
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[1
4
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.
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5
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[1
6
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le f
il
ters
'
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
,
"
M
a
r
in
e
Ge
o
re
so
u
rc
e
s
&
Ge
o
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
8
9
5
-
9
0
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
T
.
L
i,
J.
Yu
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
T
o
rlak
,
"
Ne
tw
o
rk
th
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
ra
n
d
o
m
a
c
c
e
s
s
n
a
rro
w
b
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s (NB
-
CR
-
Io
T
),
"
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
e
t
T
h
in
g
s J
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
6
-
1
4
4
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
F
.
A
.
Aw
in
,
Y.
M
.
A
lg
in
a
h
i,
E.
A
b
d
e
l
-
Ra
h
e
e
m
,
a
n
d
K.
T
e
p
e
,
"
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Iss
u
e
s
o
n
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
-
Ba
se
d
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s S
y
ste
m
s:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
,
"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
9
7
8
8
7
-
9
7
9
0
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
R.
T
h
a
k
o
re
,
R.
V
a
g
h
a
sh
i
y
a
,
C.
P
a
tel,
a
n
d
N.
Do
sh
i,
"
Blo
c
k
c
h
a
in
-
b
a
se
d
Io
T
:
A
su
rv
e
y
,
"
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
Co
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
5
,
p
p
.
7
0
4
-
7
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
T
.
O
m
it
o
la
a
n
d
G
.
W
il
ls,
"
T
o
w
a
r
d
s
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
th
e
se
c
u
rit
y
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
th
e
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
su
p
p
ly
Ch
a
in
,
"
Pro
c
e
d
ia
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
6
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
-
4
5
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
A
.
I.
A
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
A
.
G
a
n
i,
S
.
H.
A
.
Ha
m
id
,
A
.
A
b
d
e
lma
b
o
u
d
,
H.
J.
S
y
e
d
,
R.
A
.
A
.
Ha
b
e
e
b
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
a
n
d
I.
A
li
,
"
S
e
rv
ic
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
io
t:
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts,
tax
o
n
o
m
y
,
re
c
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
re
se
a
rc
h
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
4
7
2
-
1
5
5
4
8
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
F.
M
u
teb
a
,
K.
Dj
o
u
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
T
.
Olw
a
l,
"
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
su
rv
e
y
stu
d
y
o
n
L
P
W
A
Io
T
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
:
De
sig
n
,
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s a
n
d
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s,"
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
Co
m
p
u
t
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
5
,
p
p
.
6
3
6
-
6
4
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
T
.
On
g
u
n
,
O.
S
p
o
h
n
g
e
ll
e
rt,
A
.
Op
r
e
a
,
C.
Nita
-
Ro
taru
,
M
.
C
h
risto
d
o
r
e
sc
u
,
a
n
d
N.
S
a
laje
g
h
e
h
,
"
T
h
e
Ho
u
se
T
h
a
t
Kn
o
w
s
Yo
u
:
Us
e
r
A
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
Io
T
Da
ta,"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
8
ACM
S
IGS
AC
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
e
c
u
rity
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
X
.
J
.
L
u
o
,
L
.
O.
Oy
e
d
e
le,
A
.
O.
A
ja
y
i,
C.
G
.
M
o
n
y
e
i,
O.
O.
A
k
in
a
d
e
,
a
n
d
L
.
A
.
A
k
a
n
b
i,
"
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
Io
T
-
b
a
se
d
b
ig
d
a
ta
p
latf
o
rm
f
o
r
d
a
y
-
a
h
e
a
d
p
re
d
icti
o
n
o
f
b
u
il
d
in
g
h
e
a
ti
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
o
li
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
s,"
Ad
v
.
En
g
.
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
9
]
O.
S
a
id
,
Y.
A
lb
a
g
o
ry
,
M
.
No
f
a
l,
a
n
d
F
.
A
l
Ra
d
d
a
d
y
,
"
Io
T
-
RT
P
a
n
d
Io
T
-
RT
CP
:
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
m
e
d
ia
tran
sm
issio
n
o
v
e
r
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts,"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
5
7
-
1
6
7
7
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
0
]
S
.
P
o
p
li
,
R.
K.
J
h
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
in
,
"
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
En
e
r
g
y
E
ff
icie
n
t
Na
rro
w
b
a
n
d
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(NBIo
T):
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
3
9
-
1
6
7
7
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
1
]
S
.
L
i,
L
.
Da
X
u
,
a
n
d
S
.
Zh
a
o
,
"
5
G
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
A
su
rv
e
y
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
d
u
stria
l
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
I
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
2
]
D.
S
.
G
u
rjar,
H.
H.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
a
n
d
H
.
D.
T
u
a
n
,
"
W
irele
ss
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sf
e
r
f
o
r
Io
T
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
o
v
e
rla
y
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
e
t
T
h
in
g
s J
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
5
7
-
3
2
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
3
]
D.
E.
Ko
u
ice
m
,
A
.
Bo
u
a
b
d
a
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
H.
L
a
k
h
lef
,
"
In
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
se
c
u
rit
y
:
A
to
p
-
d
o
w
n
su
rv
e
y
,
"
Co
mp
u
ter
Ne
two
rk
s,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
9
9
-
2
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
4
]
W
.
V
iri
y
a
sitav
a
t,
T
.
A
n
u
p
h
a
p
t
riro
n
g
,
a
n
d
D.
Ho
o
n
s
o
p
o
n
,
"
W
h
e
n
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
in
m
e
e
ts
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s:
Ch
a
ra
c
teristics
,
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
a
n
d
b
u
sin
e
ss
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
ies
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
d
u
stri
a
l
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
I
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
1
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
X
.
Z
h
a
,
W
.
Ni,
R.
P
.
L
iu
,
Y.
J.
G
u
o
,
X
.
Ni
u
,
a
n
d
K.
Zh
e
n
g
,
"
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
f
o
r
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s,"
Co
mp
u
ter
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
-
2
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
6
]
S
.
L
a
n
k
a
a
n
d
S
.
Ba
jrac
h
a
ry
a
,
"
I
n
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
Big
Da
ta
w
it
h
I
o
T
in
Da
ta
Ce
n
ter
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
s
,
"
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
m
a
rt S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
In
v
e
n
t
ive
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
7
]
V
.
Ha
ss
ij
a
,
V
.
Ch
a
m
o
la,
V
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
D.
Ja
in
,
P
.
G
o
y
a
l,
a
n
d
B.
S
ik
d
a
r,
"
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
Io
T
S
e
c
u
rit
y
:
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
A
re
a
s,
S
e
c
u
rit
y
T
h
re
a
ts,
a
n
d
S
o
lu
t
io
n
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
8
2
7
2
1
-
8
2
7
4
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
8
]
H.
Kh
a
rru
f
a
,
N.
S
a
lm
a
n
,
M
.
L
e
i,
a
n
d
A
.
H.
Ke
m
p
,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
M
o
b
i
le
I
o
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
M
o
b
il
e
I
o
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s: P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
M
o
b
il
e
I
o
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s :
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
M
o
b
il
e
I
o
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
IFA
C
Pa
p
.
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
2
-
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
9
]
M
.
Dh
o
l
u
a
n
d
K.
A
.
G
h
o
d
in
d
e
,
"
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
f
o
r
P
re
c
isi
o
n
A
g
ricu
lt
u
re
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Pro
c
.
2
n
d
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
T
re
n
d
s E
lec
tro
n
.
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
0
]
S
.
Ch
a
u
d
h
a
ry
,
R.
Jo
h
a
ri,
R.
Bh
a
ti
a
,
K.
G
u
p
ta,
a
n
d
A
.
Bh
a
tn
a
g
a
r,
"
CRA
Io
T
:
Co
n
c
e
p
t,
Re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
(s)
o
f
Io
T
,
"
Pro
c
.
-
2
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