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C
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:
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Du
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r
o
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tam
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f
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d
i@
u
tem
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
n
ew
er
a,
p
h
o
to
o
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f
th
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cr
u
cial
th
in
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s
in
o
u
r
d
aily
life
.
D
u
e
to
th
at,
im
ag
e
co
m
p
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ess
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is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
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r
m
a
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y
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s
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f
o
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v
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s
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p
p
licatio
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s
th
at
co
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s
is
t
o
f
h
u
g
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s
to
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ag
e
o
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d
ata
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d
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ec
o
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ch
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f
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m
u
ltime
d
ia,
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
]
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
im
ag
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d
ata
with
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
o
f
to
s
to
r
e
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
in
an
ef
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
b
ec
au
s
e
u
n
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
im
ag
es
h
av
e
n
e
ed
o
f
lar
g
e
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
an
d
wid
th
[
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
m
ain
tain
ab
le
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
im
ag
e
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
in
g
in
co
m
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
im
ag
e
[
3
]
.
Oth
er
th
an
th
at,
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
r
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
also
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
m
e
d
i
ca
l
im
ag
in
g
s
u
ch
as
X
-
r
ay
,
MRI/FMRI
(
f
u
n
cti
o
n
m
ag
n
etic
r
eso
n
an
ce
)
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
3
D
u
ltra
s
o
u
n
d
an
d
o
th
er
s
[
4
]
.
Du
e
to
th
at
m
atter
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
e
r
al
im
ag
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
d
is
cr
ete
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
)
,
s
et
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
in
h
ier
ar
ch
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tr
ee
s
(
SP
I
HT
)
an
d
o
th
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
All
o
f
th
em
h
ad
s
am
e
m
ain
g
o
al
wh
ich
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ize
o
f
im
a
g
e
[
5
]
.
Fo
r
DW
T
i
m
ag
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
y
s
tem
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tag
es
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
ed
wh
ich
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
q
u
an
tizati
o
n
an
d
en
tr
o
p
y
c
o
d
in
g
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KOM
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KA
T
elec
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m
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n
C
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p
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JP
G,
P
N
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MP
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(
R
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Ha
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)
1011
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
am
d
ef
in
es th
e
en
co
d
in
g
an
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
en
c
o
d
e
p
a
r
t c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
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tin
u
o
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s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
w
av
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tr
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s
f
o
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m
atio
n
,
q
u
an
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an
d
en
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o
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d
in
g
.
T
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o
d
e
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ar
t
s
tar
ts
with
en
tr
o
p
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o
d
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d
e
-
q
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tizatio
n
an
d
in
v
er
s
e
wav
el
et.
T
h
e
i
n
v
er
ted
s
tag
es
ar
e
e
x
ec
u
ted
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
a
d
ec
o
d
er
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
d
e
-
q
u
an
tiz
atio
n
is
o
n
ly
th
e
d
is
s
im
ilar
p
a
r
t
in
th
e
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
t
t
ailed
b
y
a
n
in
v
e
r
s
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
with
th
e
p
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r
p
o
s
e
o
f
esti
m
ate
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
im
ag
e
[
7
]
.
W
ith
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
im
ag
e,
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
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n
o
f
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im
ag
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ca
n
b
e
d
i
v
id
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b
y
u
s
in
g
wav
elet
an
al
y
s
is
in
to
e
s
tim
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an
d
d
etail
s
u
b
-
s
ig
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als.
T
h
e
esti
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s
u
b
-
s
ig
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al
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
m
o
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tr
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d
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f
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v
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d
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als
s
h
o
w
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o
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tal,
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tical
an
d
d
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o
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al
d
etails
o
r
m
o
d
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
in
th
e
im
ag
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
b
e
s
e
t
to
ze
r
o
with
o
u
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
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g
i
n
g
th
e
im
ag
e
if
th
ese
d
etails
ar
e
t
in
y
th
en
.
As
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
if
th
e
v
alu
es
lo
wer
th
an
d
etails
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
m
all
en
o
u
g
h
to
b
e
s
et
to
ze
r
o
,
it c
alled
as th
r
esh
o
ld
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
e
n
co
d
e
an
d
d
ec
o
d
e
p
r
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ce
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s
with
wav
elet
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s
f
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o
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it
h
m
I
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e
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ize
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ld
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e
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ea
ter
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ze
r
o
s
.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
m
ain
tain
e
d
b
y
an
im
a
g
e
af
ter
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
a
n
d
d
ec
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
is
i
d
en
tifie
d
as
th
e
en
er
g
y
m
ain
tain
ed
th
at
r
elatio
n
al
to
t
h
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
th
e
s
q
u
a
r
es
o
f
th
e
p
ix
el
v
alu
e
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
ca
lled
as
l
o
s
s
les
s
if
th
e
en
er
g
y
r
etain
ed
is
1
0
0
% a
s
th
e
im
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
c
o
r
r
ec
tly
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
h
ap
p
en
s
wh
e
n
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
is
s
et
to
ze
r
o
an
d
n
o
t
h
in
g
ch
an
g
ed
in
d
e
tail.
Oth
er
th
an
th
at,
lo
s
s
y
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
o
cc
u
r
s
if
an
y
v
alu
es
ar
e
ch
an
g
ed
th
e
n
en
er
g
y
is
lo
s
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
r
ete
n
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
ze
r
o
s
will
b
e
as
g
r
ea
t
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
H
o
wev
er
,
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
will
b
e
lo
s
t
if
m
o
r
e
ze
r
o
s
o
b
ta
in
e
d
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cr
et
e
co
s
in
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
is
ap
p
lied
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
s
ig
n
al
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
DSP
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
DC
T
also
u
s
ed
in
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
o
r
d
ata
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
I
t
h
as
a
f
ix
ed
s
et
o
f
b
asis
f
u
n
ctio
n
wh
ich
ca
lled
an
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
.
I
t
also
u
s
ed
to
p
lan
an
im
ag
e
s
p
ac
e
in
to
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
b
en
ef
its
o
f
DC
T
s
u
ch
as
it
h
as
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
p
ac
k
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
im
a
g
e
d
ata
in
lo
wer
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
I
t
also
ab
le
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
b
lo
ck
in
g
ar
tef
ac
t
ef
f
ec
t
a
n
d
th
is
o
u
tco
m
e
b
ec
o
m
e
ev
id
en
t.
Nex
t,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
2
]
,
jo
i
n
t
p
h
o
to
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ex
p
er
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
J
PEG)
s
tan
d
ar
d
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
es
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
J
PEG
s
u
ch
as
b
ase
lin
e,
l
o
s
s
les
s
,
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
an
d
h
ier
a
r
ch
ical.
DC
T
’
s
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
u
s
ed
is
th
e
J
PEG
b
aselin
e
co
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
an
d
p
r
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
s
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
J
PEG
is
v
er
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
f
o
r
DC
T
q
u
an
tizatio
n
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
alth
o
u
g
h
b
ein
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
l
o
w
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
B
esid
es,
J
PEG
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
also
s
h
r
in
k
s
s
ize
o
f
f
ile
with
lo
west
im
a
g
e
d
e
p
r
iv
atio
n
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
L
o
s
s
y
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
s
in
ce
th
e
f
in
al
an
d
o
r
ig
in
al
im
a
g
e
ar
e
n
o
t
to
tally
s
am
e
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
is
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
in
l
o
s
s
y
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
m
ay
b
e
lo
s
t
an
d
m
is
s
ed
.
Nex
t,
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
J
PEG
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tep
s
f
o
r
co
lo
u
r
im
ag
e
s
.
SP
I
HT
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
wav
elets is
u
s
ed
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
g
r
a
y
s
ca
le
an
d
co
lo
u
r
im
ag
es
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
wav
ele
ts
ar
e
ap
p
lie
d
s
o
th
at
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
lete
u
s
in
g
at
d
is
s
im
ilar
lev
els
o
f
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
.
T
h
e
co
d
in
g
o
f
SP
I
HT
as
s
h
o
wn
b
y
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
b
io
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
wav
elets
at
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
els
o
f
d
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
.
Nex
t,
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
ig
n
if
y
th
e
im
ag
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ter
m
s
o
f
tw
o
s
u
b
-
s
ig
n
als,
th
e
wav
elet
an
al
y
s
is
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
s
u
b
-
s
ig
n
al
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
th
e
g
en
er
al
t
r
en
d
s
in
th
e
im
ag
e
s
am
p
les
an
d
d
etail
s
u
b
-
s
ig
n
al
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
v
e
r
tical,
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
an
d
d
iag
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
ain
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
First,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ated
im
ag
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
ab
le
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
b
ased
o
n
d
is
cr
ete
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
s
u
s
tain
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
an
im
a
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
is
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
im
ag
e
ar
e
n
o
t
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
th
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lt
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
is
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
lar
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
o
f
p
eo
p
le
b
ased
o
n
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Firstl
y
,
it
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
t
h
at
wan
ts
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
im
a
g
e
i
n
to
ce
r
tain
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
em
o
r
y
ca
r
d
,
USB
f
lash
d
r
iv
e,
h
ar
d
d
is
k
o
r
o
th
er
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices.
Du
e
to
th
at
m
atter
,
th
e
s
m
alle
r
s
ize
o
f
im
ag
e
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
im
a
g
e
a
b
le
to
s
to
r
e
in
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
to
r
ag
e.
Nex
t,
th
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
also
f
o
cu
s
es
to
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
th
at
h
av
e
in
ten
tio
n
to
s
en
d
th
e
im
ag
e
d
a
ta
an
d
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
im
ag
e
v
ia
I
n
t
er
n
et.
No
wad
ay
s
,
“Wh
atsap
p
”
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
10
10
-
10
16
1012
p
latf
o
r
m
s
to
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
[
1
7
]
.
W
ith
s
m
aller
s
ize,
th
e
tim
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
im
a
g
e
will b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
u
s
es
o
f
d
ata
p
lan
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
also
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
th
e
en
tr
ep
r
en
eu
r
th
at
r
u
n
s
p
r
in
tin
g
s
er
v
ices.
Du
e
to
t
h
at
m
atter
,
th
e
s
m
aller
s
ize
o
f
im
a
g
e
o
r
p
ictu
r
e
w
ill
less
en
th
e
tim
e
co
n
s
u
m
ed
f
o
r
p
r
in
tin
g
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
im
a
g
e
is
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
[
1
8
]
.
So
,
a
lo
t
o
f
tim
e
will b
e
s
av
ed
an
d
lo
wer
th
e
p
r
in
tin
g
c
o
s
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
en
c
o
d
er
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
er
b
l
o
ck
d
ia
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
co
lo
u
r
im
ag
es
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
e
n
co
d
er
&
d
ec
o
d
e
r
p
ar
t
o
f
s
p
ih
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
is
u
s
in
g
Ma
tlab
as
a
m
ain
s
o
f
twar
e
to
o
l.
As
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
Ma
tlab
is
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
“M
atr
ix
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
”
[
1
9
]
.
Ma
tlab
is
g
en
er
ally
ap
p
lied
in
wid
e
ar
ea
s
in
clu
d
e
m
ath
em
atics,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
an
d
in
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Du
e
to
t
h
at,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
a
n
y
Ma
tlab
u
s
er
s
t
h
at
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
Ma
tlab
s
o
f
twar
e
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
s
an
d
m
atr
ices.
I
t a
ls
o
c
r
ea
tes th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ai
n
ly
c
o
n
v
en
ie
n
t f
o
r
lin
ea
r
alg
eb
r
a.
Oth
er
th
a
n
th
at,
Ma
tlab
is
o
n
e
o
f
p
ar
ticu
lar
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
alg
eb
r
aic
an
d
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
Ma
tlab
ad
d
itio
n
ally
an
d
a
b
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
in
e
im
ag
e
i
n
b
o
th
2
D
an
d
3
D
an
d
h
as
g
r
ea
t
g
r
a
p
h
ic
to
o
ls
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
it
h
as
b
ee
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
es
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
m
ath
em
a
tical
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
m
atr
ix
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
,
p
lo
ttin
g
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
an
d
d
ata,
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
es,
an
d
o
th
er
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
[
2
1
]
.
Ma
tlab
also
h
av
e
s
ev
er
al
d
e
v
i
ce
b
o
x
es
th
at
v
alu
ab
le
f
o
r
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
[
2
2
]
.
2
.
1
.
Dis
cr
et
e
co
s
ine t
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
u
s
i
n
g
DC
T
wh
ich
is
r
eliab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
m
eth
o
d
o
f
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
i
m
ag
e
q
u
ality
[
2
3
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
it
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Af
ter
ex
ec
u
ted
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
o
r
i
g
in
al
im
ag
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
elec
ted
as
an
in
p
u
t
im
ag
e.
T
h
en
,
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
th
e
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
q
u
an
tizatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Nex
t,
p
r
o
ce
ed
to
en
co
d
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
e
r
e
it
s
im
p
ly
c
o
n
v
e
r
tin
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
f
o
r
m
at
t
o
an
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
at
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
im
a
g
e
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
en
th
e
im
ag
e
will
b
e
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
d
ec
o
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tak
es
p
lace
wh
ich
it
ac
ts
as
in
v
er
s
e
en
c
o
d
in
g
.
T
h
en
,
g
o
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
in
v
er
s
e
q
u
an
tizatio
n
an
d
in
v
er
s
e
co
s
in
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
as th
ey
ac
t o
p
p
o
s
ite
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
im
ag
e.
B
ased
o
n
a
f
lo
wch
a
r
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
it
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
ject
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
,
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
in
p
u
t
im
ag
e
is
s
elec
ted
an
d
u
p
lo
ad
e
d
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
c
o
m
p
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
will
r
ea
d
th
e
in
p
u
t
im
a
g
e
an
d
will
b
e
te
s
ted
wh
eth
er
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
im
a
g
e
u
p
lo
a
d
ed
is
co
r
r
ec
t
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
e
ty
p
es
o
f
im
ag
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
ar
e
‘
J
PG’
,
‘
p
o
r
ta
b
le
n
etwo
r
k
g
r
ap
h
i
c
(
PNG)
’
an
d
‘
b
itm
ap
(
B
MP
)
’
.
I
f
o
th
er
ty
p
es
o
f
im
ag
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
,
it
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
e
r
r
o
r
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
to
u
p
lo
ad
a
g
ain
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
im
ag
e
.
I
f
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
im
ag
e
is
co
r
r
ec
t,
th
en
t
h
e
im
a
g
e
will
b
e
d
is
p
lay
e
d
with
o
r
ig
in
al
im
ag
e’
s
s
ize.
Nex
t,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
will
allo
w
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
DC
T
m
e
th
o
d
.
I
f
th
e
im
a
g
e
u
n
ab
l
e
to
b
e
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
,
th
en
it tu
r
n
s
b
ac
k
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t step
to
tr
o
u
b
lesh
o
o
t a
n
d
u
s
er
n
e
ed
s
to
u
p
lo
a
d
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
a
g
e
ag
ain
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
JP
G,
P
N
G
a
n
d
B
MP
ima
g
e
c
o
mp
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
d
is
crete
co
s
i
n
e
tr
a
n
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fo
r
m
(
R
o
s
ta
m
A
ffen
d
i
Ha
mza
h
)
1013
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
ject
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
m
ad
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
ati
o
f
o
r
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
o
r
m
at
ar
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
o
n
e
iter
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
test
e
d
im
ag
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tan
d
ar
d
im
a
g
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
ag
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
d
at
aset
[
2
2
]
wer
e
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
an
aly
s
is
wh
ich
ar
e
“len
a”
an
d
“c
am
e
r
am
an
”
i
m
ag
es.
As
th
e
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
“len
a
”,
th
e
lo
west
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
ati
o
is
“len
a.
jp
g
”
f
o
r
J
PG
f
o
r
m
at
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
is
“len
a.
b
m
p
”
f
o
r
b
itm
ap
B
MP
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
“len
a.
b
m
p
”
an
d
“len
a.
p
n
g
”
a
r
e
th
e
s
ize
is
s
m
aller
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
eir
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
e
twee
n
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ize
an
d
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
s
ize
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
“c
a
m
er
am
an
”
r
esu
lt
also
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
f
o
r
“c
am
er
am
an
.
jp
g
”
is
t
h
e
lo
west.
As
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
f
o
r
“c
am
er
am
an
.
b
m
p
”
is
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
1
:
10
10
-
10
16
1014
h
ig
h
est
th
an
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
all
im
ag
es
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
v
er
all
r
esu
lts
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
f
o
r
b
o
th
‘
len
a”
an
d
“c
am
er
am
a
n
”
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
o
r
m
ats
(
i.e
.
J
PG,
PN
G,
B
M
P).
Ov
er
all,
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
am
o
n
g
th
em
is
th
e
im
ag
e
with
B
MP
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
r
atio
f
o
r
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
ar
e
h
ig
h
er
d
u
e
to
th
eir
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
izes.
T
h
e
im
ag
e
with
J
PG
f
o
r
m
at
h
as
th
e
lo
west
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
m
all
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ce
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
an
d
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
s
ize
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
lo
west
d
ata
lo
s
s
e
s
in
th
e
im
ag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
DC
T
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
im
ag
es
ar
e
5
0
%
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
s
to
r
ag
e
m
em
o
r
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
in
th
is
ar
ticle
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
b
etter
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
DW
T
(
2
0
%
o
f
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
)
an
d
SP
HI
T
(
1
0
%
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f
r
ed
u
ctio
n
)
wh
er
e
ab
o
u
t
3
0
% o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
u
s
ag
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
u
s
in
g
len
a.
p
n
g
,
le
n
a.
jp
g
a
n
d
len
a.
b
m
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
b
etwe
en
le
n
a
an
d
ca
m
er
am
an
I
n
p
u
t
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mag
e
/
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i
z
e
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mag
e
B
e
f
o
r
e
I
mag
e
A
f
t
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n
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u
t
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mag
e
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e
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mag
e
B
e
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e
A
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e
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e
n
a
.
j
p
g
c
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mer
a
ma
n
.
j
p
g
S
i
z
e
(
k
b
)
1
0
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9
0
3
7
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4
S
i
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e
(
k
b
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2
3
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2
3
1
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9
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Fig
u
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[1
]
T.
Bian
c
h
i
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t
a
l
.
,
“
De
tec
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No
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se
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o
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rio
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a
p
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EE
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ra
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o
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rity
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7
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o
.
2
,
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8
4
2
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[2
]
I.
El
a
wa
d
y
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
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a
v
e
d
Re
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NIK
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[3
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G
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.
,
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In
ter
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[4
]
U.
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lam
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h
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“
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[5
]
S.
P
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h
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.
,
“
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[6
]
K.
Ku
srin
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a
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,
“
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[7
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J.
Ba
ll
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,
“
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to
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.
[8
]
P.
S
e
n
d
a
m
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ra
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a
l
.
,
“
An
Im
a
g
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En
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p
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to
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Hig
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sin
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tera
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ter
f
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telli
te
Im
a
g
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u
sin
g
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P
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A
,
”
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EL
KOM
NIKA
T
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lec
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mu
n
ica
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io
n
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o
mp
u
ti
n
g
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tro
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c
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n
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l.
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p
.
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.
[9
]
S
.
A.
G
h
a
n
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
M
e
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o
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f
o
r
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a
m
e
ra
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a
li
b
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
S
tere
o
V
isi
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n
M
o
b
i
le
R
o
b
o
t
N
a
v
ig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
t
C
o
n
fer
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e
(S
CORe
D)
,
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0
1
2
,
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p
.
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0
4
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0
8
.
[1
0
]
N.
Zh
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
No
v
e
l
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
–
e
n
c
r
y
p
ti
o
n
H
y
b
ri
d
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g
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
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y
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c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
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e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
M
a
tri
x
i
n
Co
m
p
re
ss
iv
e
S
e
n
si
n
g
,”
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ti
c
s &
L
a
se
r T
e
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o
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y
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v
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l
.
6
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,
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p
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0
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.
[1
1
]
L.
Xu
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
e
p
Co
n
v
o
l
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ti
o
n
a
l
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ra
l
Ne
two
rk
fo
r
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a
g
e
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n
,
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Ad
v
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n
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e
s
in
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ra
l
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o
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ti
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ms
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2
0
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4
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
0
-
1
7
9
8
.
[1
2
]
C.
Qin
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
No
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e
l
Jo
i
n
t
Da
t
a
-
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a
n
d
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ss
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m
e
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se
d
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n
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M
VQ
a
n
d
Im
a
g
e
In
p
a
in
ti
n
g
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
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g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
”
v
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l.
2
3
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
6
9
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78
,
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0
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4
.
[1
3
]
A.
Aw
a
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
m
o
v
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l
o
f
F
ix
e
d
-
v
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lu
e
d
Im
p
u
lse
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ise
b
a
se
d
o
n
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ro
b
a
b
il
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y
o
f
E
x
isten
c
e
o
f
th
e
Im
a
g
e
P
ix
e
l,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
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ter
En
g
in
e
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ri
ng
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
0
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1
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4
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0
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.
[1
4
]
M
.
S
.
Ha
m
id
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Disp
a
rit
y
M
a
p
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o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
E
d
g
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re
se
rv
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il
ter
fo
r
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tere
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d
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o
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ro
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e
ss
in
g
,
”
J
o
u
r
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a
l
o
f
T
e
lec
o
mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
,
El
e
c
tro
n
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n
d
Co
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ter
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g
in
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e
rin
g
,
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l.
1
0
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o
.
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p
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[1
5
]
H.
Yu
e
e
t
a
l
.
“
Cl
o
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
Im
a
g
e
Co
d
i
n
g
fo
r
M
o
b
il
e
De
v
ice
s
—
To
wa
rd
T
h
o
u
sa
n
d
s
t
o
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e
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m
p
re
ss
io
n
,”
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E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
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n
M
u
lt
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a
,
v
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l.
1
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,
n
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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two
rk
,”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
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p
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0
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7
.
[1
7
]
G
.
To
d
e
rici
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
u
ll
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so
l
u
ti
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n
Im
a
g
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m
p
re
ss
io
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wit
h
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c
u
rre
n
t
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
two
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
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n
fer
e
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2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
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3
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-
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4
.
[1
8
]
A.
Va
n
d
e
n
Oo
r
d
e
t
a
l.
,
“
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n
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it
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a
g
e
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n
e
ra
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with
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ix
e
l
CNN
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c
o
d
e
rs,”
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v
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n
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in
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u
ra
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p
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7
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0
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9
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.
[1
9
]
S.
F.
A
G
h
a
n
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e
t
a
l
., “
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a
li
z
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ti
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isi
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p
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,”
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ter
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,
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0
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,
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p
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2
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.
[2
0
]
M
.
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o
u
ss
a
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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tec
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in
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”
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EL
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A
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g
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n
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o
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v
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.
1
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p
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0
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.
[2
1
]
G
.
S
.
M
u
rt
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y
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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l
A
p
p
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ra
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e
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to
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x
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re
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las
sifica
ti
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n
,
”
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ter
n
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ti
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n
a
l
J
o
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rn
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o
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trica
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0
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0
1
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.
[2
2
]
M
.
S
.
Ha
m
id
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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ra
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t
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e
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id
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ter
fo
r
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tere
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a
tch
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g
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o
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m
,
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o
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rn
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l
o
f
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[2
3
]
M
.
G
.
Wei
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a
l.
,
“
S
tere
o
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a
tch
in
g
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se
d
o
n
A
b
so
l
u
te Differe
n
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e
s
fo
r
M
u
lt
ip
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jec
ts De
tec
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”
T
EL
KOM
NIK
A
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A
.
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m
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r
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late
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ti
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n
(AN
P
R)
S
y
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sp
b
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ter
n
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l
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o
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rn
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A
.
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.
S
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a
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F
AUTH
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Ro
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ra
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a
ted
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Un
iv
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l
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wh
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g
m
a
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ri
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n
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tro
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n
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,
h
e
re
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d
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h
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a
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fr
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iv
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a
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M
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lay
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(USM
).
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rre
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r
in
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iv
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re
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d
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g
.
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h
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n
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ro
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ic
with
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ra
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h
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in
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ste
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l
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n
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d
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n
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s
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l
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n
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t
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n
o
l
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M
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(UTM
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in
2
0
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is
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