TE
LKOM
NI
KA
Te
le
c
om
m
unica
tion,
C
omp
u
tin
g,
El
e
ctroni
cs and
Contr
ol
Vo
l.
18
,
No.
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2020
, pp.
99
~
105
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6930, acc
red
it
ed
First G
ra
de by
Kem
enr
ist
ekd
i
kti, D
ec
ree
N
o: 21/E/
KP
T/
2018
DOI: 10.
12
928/
TELK
OMN
I
KA.v1
8i1
.
14880
99
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
jo
ur
nal.
uad.ac
.id
/i
nd
ex.
php/TE
LKOMNIKA
Accur
ate cha
racteri
zati
on
s o
f m
aterial usi
ng
microw
ave
T
-
res
onato
r for s
olid s
ensing a
pp
lications
Ra
m
ma
h
A.
A
lahn
omi
1
, Z
. Z
ak
aria
2
, Z
ulkaln
ain
Mohd
Y
us
sof
3
, T
ole
Sut
ikn
o
4
,
H.
S
ariera
5
, A
myrul
Az
ua
n
Mohd B
ahar
6
1,2,3,5
Cent
re
for T
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
Resea
r
ch and
Innova
t
ion
(C
e
TRI),
Univer
siti
Te
kn
i
kal
Ma
lay
sia
Me
la
ka
(UTe
M),
M
al
a
y
si
a
6
Inte
l
Microele
ctronics,
B
a
y
an
L
e
pas
Free
Industri
al
Zone,
Mal
a
y
si
a
4
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersitas Ahm
a
d
Dahlan,
Yog
y
ak
art
a
,
I
ndonesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
20, 201
9
Re
vised
N
ov
12
,
2019
Accepte
d
Dec
22, 201
9
The
topi
c
of
m
icrow
ave
sensors
i
n
enc
losures
is
one
of
the
m
ost
a
ct
iv
e
are
as
in
m
at
er
ia
l
char
ac
t
eri
z
at
ion
rese
arc
h
today
du
e
to
it
s
wid
e
app
l
ic
a
ti
ons
in
var
ious
industries.
Surprisingl
y
,
a
m
ic
rowave
s
ensor
te
chnol
og
y
has
bee
n
comprehe
nsively
inv
esti
ga
te
d
a
nd
the
r
e
is
a
n
industr
y
d
emand
for
a
n
ac
cur
ate
instru
m
ent
of
m
at
erial
ch
ara
c
te
r
iz
a
tion
such
as
food
industr
y
,
qual
ity
cont
ro
l,
che
m
ic
a
l
compos
it
ion
anal
y
s
i
s
and
bio
-
sensing.
The
s
e
ac
cur
ate
instruments
have
th
e
ability
to
under
st
an
d
the
prope
rt
ie
s
of
m
at
eri
a
ls
compos
it
ion
b
ase
d
on
chem
ic
al
,
ph
y
s
ic
a
l
,
m
agne
t
ic,
a
nd
el
e
ct
r
ic
cha
ra
cteri
sti
cs.
The
ref
or
e,
a
des
ign
of
the
T
-
res
onat
or
has
be
en
int
roduc
ed
and
inve
stig
at
e
d
for
an
ac
cu
rat
e
m
ea
surem
e
nt
of
m
at
eri
al
prope
rti
e
s
cha
ra
cteri
z
at
ions
.
Thi
s
sensor
is
designe
d
a
nd
fab
r
icat
ed
on
a
0.
787
m
m
-
thi
ckne
ss
Roger
5880
subs
tra
te
for
th
e
first
resona
n
t
f
req
uency
to
resona
te
a
t
2.
4
GH
z
under
unloa
ded
conditions.
Vari
ous
standa
rd
die
lectr
i
c
of
the
sam
ple
u
nder
te
st
(SU
T)
are
te
sted
to
v
al
id
at
e
the
sensi
ti
vity
whi
c
h
m
aki
ng
it
a
pro
m
ising
low
-
cost,
compac
t
in
size
,
ea
s
e
of
f
abr
ic
a
ti
on
and
sm
al
l
SU
T
pre
p
ara
t
ion
for
appl
i
ca
t
ions
req
uiri
ng
novel
sensing
technique
s
in
qual
ity
and
con
tr
ol
industries.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ma
te
rial
s ch
ar
act
erizat
ion
Mi
cro
se
ns
ors
Mi
cro
wa
ve res
on
at
or
s
T
-
res
onat
or
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Zahr
il
ad
ha
Zaka
ria,
Ce
ntre fo
r
Tel
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
Resea
rch an
d I
nnovat
ion (C
eTR
I)
,
Faculty
of
Ele
c
tro
nics and C
om
pu
te
r
En
gin
e
erin
g,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knikal M
al
ay
sia
Mel
aka (UTe
M),
Hang T
ua
h
Jay
a, 76
100 D
ur
ia
n
T
unggal
, Me
la
ka,
Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
zahr
il
adh
a@
utem
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
A
la
rg
e
a
nd
gr
ow
i
ng
body
of
li
te
ratur
e
has
inv
est
igate
d
m
ic
rowav
e
res
onat
or
sens
or
f
or
m
at
erial
s
char
act
e
rizat
ion
.
T
he
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
of
char
act
e
rizi
ng
the
m
a
te
rial
s
is
to
know
the
com
po
sit
ion
a
nd
pro
per
ti
es
of
t
he
m
a
te
rial
s
in
relat
ion
to
ph
ysi
cal
,
che
m
ical,
m
agn
et
ic
,
and
el
ect
ri
c
cha
racteri
zat
ion.
S
ever
al
ty
pes
of
se
nsors
hav
e
bee
n
us
e
d
f
or
m
at
erial
s
char
ac
te
rizat
ion
su
c
h
as
wa
vegui
de
res
on
at
or
[1,
2]
,
diele
ct
ric
[3,
4]
,
an
d
c
oa
xial
probe
se
nsor
[5
-
7]
due
t
o
thei
r
ad
va
nt
ages
of
ha
ving
high
-
Q
factor
a
nd
sensiti
vity
.
H
oweve
r,
ap
proac
hes
of
this
ki
nd
ca
rr
y
with
t
hem
var
io
us
we
ll
-
known
lim
itati
on
s,
inclu
di
ng
hi
gh
cost
to
fa
bri
cat
e
du
e
t
o
the d
e
sign
str
uct
ur
e
c
om
plexity
and
hav
i
ng
a
a
la
rge
siz
e.
These
li
m
i
tation
s
relat
ing
t
o
the
conve
ntional
dev
ic
es
were
su
bject
ive
an
d
wer
e
the
refo
re
le
d
to
propo
se
planar
re
son
at
or
sens
ors
be
caus
e
of
it
s
a
dv
a
ntag
es
an
d
dr
a
wb
a
cks
of
ha
ving
a
com
pact
in
siz
e,
sim
plicity
,
ease
of
fa
br
ic
a
ti
on
,
a
nd
m
ini
m
iz
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
,
V
ol.
18
,
No.
1
,
Fe
bruary
2
02
0:
99
-
105
100
the
m
anu
fact
ur
i
ng
cost
wh
ic
h
m
akes
them
su
it
able
f
or
bi
o
-
sensing
a
nd
chem
ic
al
detect
ion
app
li
cat
io
ns
[8
-
10]
.
The
refor
e
,
well
-
est
a
blishe
d
m
ic
rowav
e
res
on
at
or
sens
ors
with
hi
gh
acc
ur
a
cy
and
sensiti
vity
m
ea
su
rem
ents
are
require
d
f
or
producin
g
im
po
r
ta
nt
inf
or
m
at
ion
f
ro
m
the
sa
m
ple
unde
r
te
st
of
a
ny
m
at
erial
s,
li
qu
id,
s
olid
, a
nd g
a
ses
[
11
-
20
]
.
A
com
m
on
m
et
hod
is
dem
on
strat
ed
i
n
[
21]
and
[22]
w
her
e
the
a
utho
rs
us
e
d
a
half
-
wa
ve
li
ne
transm
issi
on
re
so
na
tor
to
fi
nd
the
qual
it
y
fac
tor.
I
n
ge
ner
al
,
as
obser
ve
d
from
the
pri
or
st
ud
ie
s
,
the
half
-
wave
resonato
r
was
us
ed
to
deter
m
ine
the
trans
m
issi
on
li
ne
at
te
nu
at
io
n
that
can
be
sim
pl
y
m
easur
ed
at
hi
gh
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
a
nd
it
is
diff
ic
ult
to
ob
ta
i
n
high
accu
racy
m
ea
su
rem
ent
f
or
hi
gh
fr
e
quen
ci
es
due
t
o
the
ra
diati
on
losses
cause
d
by
couplin
g
ga
p
as
dem
on
stra
te
d
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
Theref
or
e
,
au
thor
m
otivati
o
n
f
or
this
stu
dy
is
to
dev
el
op
a
qua
r
te
r
-
hal
f
wa
ve
r
eso
nator
to
re
du
ce
the
rad
ia
t
ion
losses
ca
use
d
by
co
up
li
ng
ga
ps
an
d
i
m
pro
ve
the
m
easur
em
ent
accuracy
wit
h
m
ini
m
iz
i
ng
the
ci
rc
uit
siz
e.
The
ai
m
of
t
he
pr
ese
nt
work
is
to
devel
op
a
qu
a
rter
-
wa
ve
T
-
res
onat
or
f
or
c
har
act
e
rizi
ng
s
olid
m
ater
ia
l
prop
e
rtie
s.
A
naly
sis
of
m
at
he
m
a
ti
ca
l
an
d
theo
reti
cal
cal
culat
ion
s
ha
s
be
en
dem
on
strat
e
d
in
order
to
de
sign
the
T
-
res
on
at
or.
T
he
pa
per
al
so
at
tempts
to
pro
vid
e
a
m
ore
detai
le
d
inv
e
sti
gation
re
gardin
g
the
eff
ect
s
of
te
sti
ng
a
com
plete
or
part
ia
l
sa
m
ple
un
der
te
st
(S
U
T).
T
he
T
-
resonato
r
sen
s
or
ca
n
be
use
d t
o
dem
on
strat
e
the p
ote
ntial
o
f
this ap
proach and
it
s su
it
abili
ty
f
or
the se
ns
in
g
a
ppli
cat
ion
s s
uc
h as
qu
al
it
y co
ntro
l
of the
f
ood i
ndus
try
a
nd b
i
o
-
se
ns
i
ng.
Figure
1. Half
-
wav
e
li
ne reso
nato
r
str
uctu
re
for
m
easur
in
g at
te
nu
at
io
n
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Figure
2
dem
on
st
rates
the
desig
n
of
the
T
-
res
on
at
or
on
a
diele
ct
ric
su
bs
trat
e.
I
n
this
pap
e
r
,
a
Rog
er
RT/
D
uroid
5880
is
us
e
d
as
substr
at
e
m
at
erial
s
with
a
diele
ct
ric
con
sta
nt
of
2.2,
a
loss
ta
ngent
of
0.000
9,
c
oppe
r
thick
ness
of
0.07
m
m
and
thick
ness
of
0.787
m
m
.
The
cro
s
s
dim
ension
of
the
propose
d
T
-
res
onat
or
is
34.38
x24.1
9
m
m
as
width
an
d
le
ngth
resp
e
ct
ively
.
The
w
idth
of
the
m
i
cro
st
rip
li
ne
is
set
at
2.5
m
m
to
pr
ov
i
de
a
cha
ra
ct
erist
ic
i
m
pe
dan
ce
of
50
at
op
erati
ng
fr
e
quen
cy
of
2.4
G
Hz.
T
able
1
dem
on
strat
es t
he param
et
er s
pecifica
ti
on for t
he
T
-
res
onat
or se
ns
or
desi
gn.
Table
1.
T
he
param
et
ric
sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
f
or
t
he
d
esi
gn of the
T
-
res
onat
or
Para
m
eters
Valu
e
Wg
3
4
.38
m
m
Lg
2
4
.19
m
m
w
2
.50
m
m
Lf
eed
1
7
.19
m
m
Lstu
b
1
3
.69
m
m
Lh
7
.00
m
m
ws
0
.75
m
m
The
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne
wi
dth
can
b
e
f
or
m
ulate
d usin
g
t
he
f
ollo
wing e
qu
at
io
n from
[23]
:
=
120
√
[
+
1
.
393
+
0
.
667
(
+
1
.
444
)
]
(
1)
=
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
1
√
1
+
12
(
2)
wh
e
re
εr
is
the
su
bst
rate
per
m
itti
vity
,
W
is
the
width
of
the
m
ic
ro
strip
cond
ucto
r
li
ne,
h
is
the
thick
ness
of
s
ub
st
rate,
εef
f
is
the
diele
ct
ric
effe
ct
ive
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
fo
r
the
m
ediu
m
of
a
hom
og
en
ou
s
that
rep
la
ces
the
ai
r
reg
io
n
a
nd
th
e
diele
ct
ric
of
the
m
ic
ro
strip.
The
co
pper
tra
ce
of
the
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne
widt
h
W
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
Accur
ate char
acteri
za
ti
ons
of
m
ateri
al u
si
ng
microw
ave
T
-
reso
nator
…
(
Ra
mmah A.
Al
ahnomi
)
101
m
at
ched
w
it
h
a
n
in
pu
t a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
50
Ω SM
A
co
nnect
ors a
nd V
ect
or
Netw
ork
A
naly
zer. The ope
n
-
e
nde
d
stu
b
le
ng
th
is
sel
e
ct
ed
as
a
qua
rter
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
at
2.4
GH
z
operati
ng
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
The
stub
le
ngth
c
an
be
appr
ox
im
at
ely m
od
el
ed
by t
he
fundam
ental
eq
uatio
n f
or
a
re
sonat
or of
qu
arter
-
wa
ve
[24]
:
=
4
√
(
3
)
w
he
re:
n
is
the
resonan
ce
or
de
r
(n
=
1,
3,
5,
…),
c
is
the
li
gh
t
sp
eed
,
f
is
t
he
res
on
a
nce
f
reque
ncy,
and
εeff
is
the
diele
ct
ric
eff
ect
ive
c
onsta
nt.
T
he
Q
-
facto
r
of
resona
nt
fr
e
quency
ca
n
be
found
by
us
in
g
the foll
owin
g
e
qu
at
io
n:
=
.
(
4)
w
he
re
Q
is
the
m
easur
em
ent
of
qual
it
y
-
facto
r,
fo
i
s
the
res
onan
t
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
(
MHz),
a
nd
B
.
W
i
s
the b
a
ndwi
dth
at
3
dB
(
M
Hz)
.
Figure
2
.
Co
nf
i
gurati
on
of
T
-
r
eso
nator se
ns
or a
nd the se
ns
i
ng area
where
the m
axi
m
u
m
elec
tric
f
ie
ld loc
at
ion
(r
e
d
c
olor s
hows
th
e m
axi
m
um
)
wh
ic
h
i
nd
ic
at
es the
po
s
sibl
e locat
io
n of
te
ste
d
S
UT f
or
m
easur
em
ents
The
inte
racti
on o
f
t
he perm
it
t
i
vity
o
f
th
e test
ed
m
at
eri
al
SU
T and the elect
ric fiel
d of
t
he T
-
res
onat
or
le
ads
to
change
the
behavi
or
of
the
res
onant
f
reque
nc
y.
Thu
s
,
it
is
pr
i
ncipall
y
sign
ific
ant
to
det
erm
ine
the
locat
ion
of
the
SU
T
f
or
s
ensiti
vity
and
accuracy
of
th
e
m
easur
em
ents
wh
ere
in
t
his
case
a
locat
i
o
n
of
m
axi
m
u
m
el
ec
tric
fiel
d
f
or
th
e
T
-
re
sonat
or
i
s
il
lustrate
d
in Fig
ure 2.
(
T
he
m
os
t
el
ec
tric
fiel
d
is
re
pr
ese
nt
ed
by
the
red
c
olor)
.
The
S
UT
siz
e
is
div
ide
d
to
t
hree
par
ts
(
nam
e
ly
:
SU
T
A,
S
U
T
B,
an
d
SUT
C)
from
par
ti
ally
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
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TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
,
V
ol.
18
,
No.
1
,
Fe
bruary
2
02
0:
99
-
105
102
com
plete
ly
cov
ere
d
t
he
T
-
re
so
n
at
or
or
ove
rlay
s
on
the
to
p
of
the
T
-
re
sonat
or
wh
ic
h
c
over
the
c
oppe
r
track
.
Figure
3
(
a,
b
an
d
c
)
il
lus
trat
es
the
thre
e
diff
e
re
nt
siz
e
of
c
overe
d
SU
T
for
the
T
-
res
onat
or
se
ns
or
resp
ect
ively
.
The
res
pons
e
of
the
res
onan
t
fr
eq
uen
cy
va
riat
ion
is
bas
ed
on
the
MUT
that
has
di
ff
ere
nt
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
and
pro
per
ti
es.
T
he
per
t
urbati
on
the
ory
bet
we
en
the
S
UT
a
nd
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
of
T
-
rin
g
res
onat
or
wh
e
re
t
he
per
t
urbati
on
to
the
sens
or
ca
n
be
determ
ined
by
the
locat
i
on
and
the
siz
e
of
the
te
ste
d
m
ater
ia
l.
The
te
ste
d
S
U
T
m
at
erial
s
wit
h
th
ei
r
s
pecific
at
ion
s
a
re
i
nd
i
cat
ed
in
Ta
ble
2;
w
he
re
in
thi
s
case,
Ro
ger
s
5880,
Rog
e
rs 4
350, a
nd FR4
[
25]
.
Figure
3
.
(
a
) T
-
res
onat
or se
nsor
covere
d by t
he
S
UT
A
f
or test
ing
,
(
b
)
T
-
re
so
na
tor
se
ns
or
cov
e
re
d
by
S
UT
B
f
or
t
est
ing
,
and
(
c
) T
-
res
onat
or c
overe
d by S
UT B
f
or test
in
g
Table
2.
T
he
s
pecifica
ti
ons
of
us
ed
S
UT
m
at
erial
s f
or se
ns
i
ng
SUT
Mate
rials
Per
m
i
ttiv
ity
Ro
g
er
5
8
8
0
2
.2
Ro
g
er
4
3
5
0
3
.48
FR4
4
.4
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
f
or
the
desig
n
of
the
T
-
res
onat
or
is
dem
on
strat
ed
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4
wit
h
unloa
de
d
conditi
ons.
T
he
achieve
d
re
so
na
nt
f
reque
ncy
is
occurri
ng
at
2.441
8
GH
z
with
a
s
hiftin
g
f
reque
ncy
of
(a)
(b)
(c)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
Accur
ate char
acteri
za
ti
ons
of
m
ateri
al u
si
ng
microw
ave
T
-
reso
nator
…
(
Ra
mmah A.
Al
ahnomi
)
103
41.8
MHz
fro
m
the
theo
reti
cal
resu
lt
of
t
he
cal
culat
io
n.
The
ra
ng
e
of
the
sim
ulate
d
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
is
be
tween
1
G
Hz
to
5
G
Hz.
It
ca
n
be
cl
early
seen
fro
m
the
resu
lt
of
Figure
4
t
hat
it
has
a
na
rrow
e
r
ba
ndwidt
h
an
d
sh
a
r
p
dip
w
hich
m
ake it achie
ve
a
hi
gh
Q
-
facto
r w
it
h
high
sensiti
vity
f
or m
easuri
ng
t
he pr
opert
ie
s o
f
t
he
m
at
erial
s.
The
discussi
on
of
the
res
ults
beg
i
ns
with
th
e
sensiti
vity
of
the
T
-
res
onat
or
w
hich
is
de
pende
nt
on
the
relat
ive
c
hange
of
f
requen
cy
s
hiftin
g
corres
pondin
g
to
the
relat
ive
cha
nge
of
the
te
ste
d
m
at
erial
per
m
it
t
ivit
y.
A
possible
e
xpla
nation
f
o
r
this
is
that
a
higher
fr
e
quency
sh
if
t
is
occ
urred
w
hen
the
pe
rm
i
ttivit
y
of
te
ste
d
S
UT
m
at
erial
s
is
increased
.
A
no
t
he
r
possible
ex
planati
on
f
or
this
is
that
the
siz
e
of
te
ste
d
sa
m
ple
unde
r
te
st
m
ater
ia
ls
eff
ect
s
the
res
onant
f
re
qu
e
ncy
an
d
inc
reased
t
he
sh
i
fting
.
T
he
siz
e
of
co
ver
e
d
S
UT
A,
B
,
and
C
ha
ve
be
en
te
ste
d
an
d
inv
est
igate
d
t
o
validat
e
the
T
-
res
on
at
or
s
ens
or
w
he
re
sever
al
sta
ndar
d
SUT
m
at
erial
s
with
well
-
know
n
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
have
been
c
onsid
ered.
Th
os
e
m
at
erial
s
are
as
fo
ll
ows:
Air
with
a
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
value
of
1,
R
og
e
r
5880
with
a
pe
rm
i
tt
ivity
value
of
2.2
,
Ro
ge
r
4350
with
a
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
v
al
ue
of
3.48,
a
nd
FR
-
4
with
a
perm
itti
vity
value
of
4.4
.
Fi
gur
e
5
il
lustrate
s
the
re
spo
ns
e
be
hav
i
or
i
n
t
erm
of
transm
issi
on
c
oeffici
ents
(
S21,
dB)
for
th
ose
sta
ndar
d
m
at
erial
s
wh
e
n
t
est
ing
a
par
ti
a
ll
y
cov
ere
d
S
UT
A.
Wh
at
is
intere
sti
ng
in
this
Fi
gure
is
that
the
resonan
t
f
re
quency
of
th
os
e
sta
nd
ar
d
te
ste
d
SUT
m
a
te
rial
s
are
gr
a
dual
ly
sh
ifte
d
to
lowe
r
frequ
e
ncies
w
he
re
the
FR
-
4
S
UT
m
a
te
rial
s
has
the
higher
fr
eq
ue
ncy
sh
ifti
ng
(17
2.4
MHz
)
c
om
par
e
to
othe
r
par
ti
al
ly
te
ste
d
S
UT
m
at
erial
s.
This
i
nconsiste
ncy
is
be
cause
t
he
inte
r
act
ion
betwee
n
the
S
UT
pe
rm
itti
vit
y
and
the
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
of
the
T
-
res
onat
or
w
her
e
the
t
est
ed
SU
T
a
bsor
bs
the E
-
fiel
d
a
nd
causes
a c
hange in res
onant
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
Figure
4
.
Sim
ulate
d
res
ult o
f
t
he
tra
ns
m
issi
on
coeffic
ie
nts
for
T
-
resonato
r
Figure
5
.
Cha
nge in
tra
ns
m
iss
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
s when
chang
in
g SU
T
with sta
nd
a
rd
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
m
at
erial
s
for parti
al
ly
covere
d SUT
A
Figure
6
dem
on
st
rates
the
r
esult
of
t
he
st
and
a
r
d
S
UT
m
at
erial
s
wh
e
n
te
sti
ng
a
c
overe
d
SU
T
B
.
Si
m
il
arly
,
wit
h
te
sti
ng
pa
rtia
ll
y
cov
ere
d
SU
T
A,
the
r
eso
nan
t
fr
e
que
ncy
is
s
hifted
to
lo
wer
f
requen
cy
,
howe
ver,
it
ca
n
be
see
n
that
t
he
c
ov
e
re
d
S
U
T
B
has
a h
ig
he
r
res
ona
nt
f
re
qu
e
ncy
s
hiftin
g
with 3
15
M
Hz
wh
e
n
te
sti
ng
FR
-
4
sta
nd
a
r
d
S
UT
m
at
erial
s.
The
re
su
lt
s
of
the
sta
nd
a
r
d
S
UT
m
at
erial
s
for
te
sti
ng
a
c
ov
e
re
d
S
UT
C
are
il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ur
e
7
.
It
app
ea
rs
f
r
om
this
Figure
7
t
hat
the
res
on
a
nt
frequ
e
ncy
has
t
he
highest
sh
ifti
ng
t
o
lowe
r
f
re
qu
e
nc
ie
s
for
al
l
te
ste
d
sta
nda
rd
SU
T
m
at
erial
s
.
T
hese
dif
fere
nces
ca
n
be
exp
la
ine
d
in
pa
rt
by
the
interact
io
n
of
the
el
ect
ri
c
fiel
d
of
t
he
T
-
res
onat
or
a
nd
t
he
pe
rm
i
ttivit
y
of
the
te
ste
d
SU
T
m
ater
ia
ls.
The
la
r
ge
sam
ple
of
m
at
erial
abs
orbs
the
w
hole
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
cause
d
by
th
e
T
-
res
onat
or
wh
ic
h
le
ads
to
higher
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
s
hift
ing
.
Ta
ble
3
pr
ov
i
des
a
com
par
iso
n
of
the
frequ
e
ncy
s
hifti
ng
bet
ween
te
s
ti
ng
th
e
c
ov
e
re
d
S
UT
A,
B
an
d
C
m
at
erial
s
fo
r
t
he
T
-
res
onat
or.
Ther
e
is
a
si
gnific
ant
diff
e
re
nce
bet
ween
t
he
th
ree
te
ste
d
SU
T
m
at
erial
s
of
c
overe
d
overlay
SU
T
A
,
B
a
nd
C
w
her
e
it
ca
n
be
obser
ve
d
t
hat
by
us
i
ng
pa
rtia
l
cov
e
re
d
ov
e
rlay
SU
T
A
,
it
ha
s
a
low
relat
ive
change
of
s
hift
ing
t
he
res
on
a
nt
f
reque
ncy
c
om
par
ed
t
o
the
co
ver
e
d
overl
ay
SU
T
B
an
d
C.
Wh
e
r
e
in
t
he
case
of
te
sti
ng
FR
-
4
s
ta
nd
a
rd
S
UT
m
at
erial
with
know
n
-
per
m
it
tiv
it
y
of
4.4,
a
r
eso
nan
t
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
s
hifting
of
172.4
MHz
has
bee
n
achieve
d
by
usi
ng
par
ti
al
co
ver
e
d
S
UT
A
m
at
erial
s
co
m
par
e
d
to
us
e
the
co
ve
r
ed
S
UT
B,
a
nd
C
m
at
eria
l
wh
ic
h
ac
hieved
a
31
5
M
HZ,
a
nd
363.4
MHz
f
requ
ency
sh
ifti
ng, res
pec
ti
vely
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
,
V
ol.
18
,
No.
1
,
Fe
bruary
2
02
0:
99
-
105
104
Figure
6
.
Cha
nge in
tra
ns
m
iss
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
s when
changin
g SU
T
with sta
nd
a
rd
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
m
at
erial
s
for
the
cove
red SU
T
B
Figure
7
.
Cha
nge in
tra
ns
m
iss
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
s when
changin
g SU
T
with
sta
nd
a
rd
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
m
at
erial
s
for
the
cove
red SU
T
C
Table
3
. C
om
par
iso
n of res
on
ant freq
ue
ncy s
hiftin
g
f
or test
ing
the cove
red sta
nd
a
r
d
S
UT A,
B, an
d
C m
at
erial
s
SUT
SUT
Per
m
i
ttiv
ity
SUT
Thick
n
ess
[
m
m
]
The Co
v
ered SU
T
A
The Co
v
ered SU
T
B
The Co
v
ered
SU
T
C
Freq
[
GHz]
∆f
[
MHz]
Freq
[
GHz]
∆f
[
MHz]
Freq
[
GHz]
∆f
[
MHz]
Air
1
0
2
.45
9
0
0
2
.45
9
0
0
2
.45
9
0
0
Ro
g
er
5
8
8
0
2
.2
0
.78
7
2
.41
0
4
4
8
.6
2
.28
9
6
1
6
9
.4
2
.28
8
6
1
7
0
.4
Ro
g
er
4
3
5
0
3
.48
0
.50
8
2
.30
7
4
1
5
1
.6
2
.25
1
0
2
0
8
.0
2
.22
5
2
2
3
3
.8
FR
-
4
4
.4
1
.6
2
.28
6
6
1
7
2
.4
2
.14
4
0
3
1
5
.0
2
.09
5
6
3
6
3
.4
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
pro
j
ect
w
as
desig
ne
d
t
o
dete
rm
ine
and
c
ha
racteri
z
e
the
pro
pe
rtie
s
of
m
at
erials
base
d
on
T
-
res
onat
or
w
hich
op
e
rates
a
t
2.
4
G
Hz
res
onant
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
.
Seve
ral
sta
nd
ard
SU
T
m
at
erial
s
with
well
-
known
pro
per
ti
es
a
nd
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
hav
e
been
use
d
to
validat
e
the
T
-
res
onat
or
se
ns
or.
A
com
par
iso
n
is
discu
ss
ed
a
nd
dr
a
w
n
f
or
te
st
ing
the
c
overe
d
S
UT
A
,
B,
and
C
m
at
eria
ls.
A
lo
w
rela
ti
ve
change
of
resona
nt
fr
e
quency
sh
ifti
ng
is
ac
hi
eved
w
he
n
us
i
ng
pa
rtia
ll
y
cov
ere
d
overlay
SU
T
A
c
om
par
e
to
us
e
the
c
ov
e
re
d
S
UT
B,
an
d
C
ov
e
rlay
m
a
te
ri
al
s.
The
T
-
res
onat
or
was
fou
nd
to
m
iniat
ur
iz
e
the
ci
rcu
it
siz
e
with
lo
w
co
st,
to
be
reli
abl
e,
an
d
ease
of
desig
n
fa
br
ic
at
ion
wi
th
us
i
ng
a
sm
al
l
siz
e
of
te
ste
d
sam
ple
w
hich
m
akes
it
a
s
uitable
ca
n
di
da
te
for
m
easur
in
g
low
m
at
erial
s
perm
itti
vity
a
t
no
r
m
al
case
un
der
ro
om
tem
per
at
ur
e.
F
or
f
utur
e
inv
est
igati
on
,
it
can
be
e
xten
ded
f
or
te
sti
ng
var
i
ou
s
chem
ic
al
m
at
erial
s
app
li
cat
ion
s
s
uc
h
a
s
Etha
no
l,
Me
than
ol,
Aceto
ne
,
an
d
Water
or a m
ixtur
e
betwee
n
t
hem
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
work
wa
s
suppo
rted
i
n
par
t
by
U
Te
M
Zam
a
la
h
Schem
e
and
in
par
t
by
U
niv
e
r
sit
i
Tekn
ikal
Ma
la
ysi
a Me
lak
a
(U
TeM
).
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
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Karpi
s
z,
P.
Kop
y
t
,
B.
Sa
lski,
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.
“
Open
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Ende
d
W
ave
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e
Mea
su
rement
of
L
iquids
at
Mill
imeter
W
ave
le
ngths
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rnat
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rowave
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aha
r
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.
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M.
Isa
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hnom
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l
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ime
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ve
Bioc
hemic
al
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sor Ba
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cul
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oac
h
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ct
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ct
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doi
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41702
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l
y
s
is
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u
la
r
D
i
el
e
ct
ri
c
Resona
t
or
with
Anisotro
pic
TM
W
ave
Mode
Anal
y
sis
of
Circ
ul
ar
Dielec
t
ric
Resona
to
r
with
Anisotropi
c
Perm
it
ti
vi
t
y
,
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35
th
Progress
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n
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e
ct
rom
agnet
i
c
s R
ese
arch
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14.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMN
IKA
Tel
ec
omm
u
n
C
om
pu
t El
Con
t
ro
l
Accur
ate char
acteri
za
ti
ons
of
m
ateri
al u
si
ng
microw
ave
T
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reso
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uid
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io
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at
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ve
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ang
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pl
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R
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E
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ansacti
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ns
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it
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chu
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e
t
al
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at
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-
b
ase
d
m
ic
roflu
idic
sensor
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d
ielectri
c
character
iz
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ti
on
,
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tuat
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D,
Greni
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“
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Microwa
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Micro
flui
dic
Pl
ana
r
R
esona
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i
ci
en
t
and
Acc
ur
ate
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x
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it
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ac
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e
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m
m
et
ri
ca
l
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r
i
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et
rical
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onat
or
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s
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ri
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m
m
et
ric
a
l
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Resonat
or
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RR)
Coupl
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for
Mate
ri
al
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c
te
ri
zation
,
”
20
16
IE
EE A
s
ia
-
Pacific
Conf
e
renc
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on
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li
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R.
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“
Microwa
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m
et
ric
a
l
Split
Ring
Resonat
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with
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r
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Di
elec
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ic
Me
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rd
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tr
a
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t
ion
Us
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ec
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rs
Based
on
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in
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Pol
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m
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:
A
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lit
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on
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or
for
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”
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our
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ELKOMNIKA Tel
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