T
E
L
K
O
MN
I
K
A
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
E
l
ect
ro
n
i
cs
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
ro
l
Vo
l
.
18
, N
o
.
5
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2020
, p
p
.
2292
~
2303
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
,
a
c
c
r
e
di
t
e
d F
i
r
s
t
G
r
a
de
by K
e
m
e
nr
i
s
t
e
kdi
kt
i
,
D
e
c
r
e
e
N
o:
21/
E
/
K
P
T
/
2018
D
O
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
.
v18i
5.
14316
2292
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
t
p:
/
/
j
our
nal
.
uad
.
ac
.
i
d/
i
nde
x
.
php/
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
I
nt
e
rna
t
i
o
na
l
T
el
e
co
m
m
uni
ca
t
i
o
n U
ni
o
n
-
R
a
di
o
co
m
m
u
ni
ca
t
i
o
n
Sec
t
o
r
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.837
-
6 an
d
P
.837
-
7
pe
rf
o
rm
a
nc
e
t
o
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
I
n
do
n
es
i
a
n
ra
i
nf
a
l
l
Ma
rzu
k
i
1
,
D
e
a K
u
r
n
i
a
H
ar
ys
an
d
i
2
,
R
in
i
Ok
t
a
v
ia
n
i
3
,
L
i
s
n
a M
e
yl
an
i
4
,
M
ut
y
a
V
o
nni
s
a
5
,
H
ar
m
ad
i
6
,
Hir
o
y
u
k
i Ha
s
h
ig
u
c
h
i
7
,
T
oyos
h
i
S
h
i
m
om
ai
8
,
L.
Lu
i
n
i
9
,
Sug
e
ng
N
ug
r
o
ho
10
,
Mu
zi
rw
a
n
11
,
N
o
r
A
zl
a
n
Mo
h
d
A
ri
s
12
1
-
6
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
nt
of
P
h
ys
ic
s,
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
of
A
nda
la
s,
I
n
do
ne
sia
7,
12
R
e
se
a
r
c
h I
ns
ti
tu
te
f
or
S
u
sta
ina
ble
Hum
a
no
sp
he
r
e
,
Ky
oto
Un
ive
r
si
ty,
Ja
pa
n
8
Remo
t
e
S
e
n
si
ng
L
a
b
or
a
t
or
y,
I
n
te
r
d
isc
ip
li
na
r
y
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
n
d
En
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng,
S
h
im
a
ne
Un
ive
r
si
ty,
Ja
pa
n
9
P
oli
te
c
nic
o di M
ila
no D
EI
B
-
D
ipa
r
tim
e
nt
o d
i Ele
ttr
on
ic
a
,
I
nf
or
m
a
z
i
one
e
B
i
oi
nge
gne
r
ia
,
I
ta
l
y
10
I
nd
one
sia
n Age
nc
y f
or
M
e
te
or
ol
og
ic
a
l,
C
l
im
a
t
ol
o
g
ic
a
l
a
nd G
e
op
hy
sic
s,
I
nd
one
sia
11
Na
t
io
na
l
I
n
st
it
ute
of
Ae
r
o
na
u
tic
s
a
n
d
S
pa
c
e
,
I
n
do
ne
s
ia
12
C
e
ntr
e
f
or
Te
le
c
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on R
e
se
a
r
c
h a
n
d I
n
no
va
t
io
n,
F
a
kul
ti
K
e
j
u
r
u
t
e
r
a
a
n
Ele
ktr
on
ik
d
an
Ke
jur
ute
r
a
a
n
Kom
p
u
te
r
,
Uni
ve
r
si
ti
Te
kn
ika
l M
a
la
ys
ia
M
e
la
ka
,
M
a
la
ys
ia
A
rt
i
cl
e I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RACT
A
r
tic
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
O
c
t
12,
2019
R
ev
i
s
ed
F
e
b 5,
2020
A
ccep
t
ed
A
pr
14,
2020
Th
is wor
k e
va
l
ua
te
d the
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
I
nte
r
na
t
io
na
l
Te
le
c
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on
Uni
on
-
R
a
d
ioc
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on S
e
c
to
r
(
I
TU
-
R) P.
8
3
7
-
6 a
nd P
.
83
7
-
7
m
od
e
ls
(
An
ne
x 1)
to e
s
tim
a
te
one
-
m
in
ute
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l r
a
te
s i
n I
n
don
e
s
ia
.
I
n a
ddi
ti
on
to the
de
f
a
u
lt
I
TU
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
6,
t
he
i
np
ut
of
I
TU
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
is
a
ls
o
m
odi
f
ie
d us
in
g da
ta
wh
ic
h ha
s be
tte
r
s
pa
t
ia
l
r
e
so
lu
ti
o
n,
i.
e
.
a
c
om
bina
ti
on
of
Tr
o
pic
a
l R
a
i
nf
a
l
l M
e
a
s
ur
i
ng M
is
si
on (
TR
M
M
)
3A2
5 a
n
d 3B
43
(IT
U
-
R
+
3
A2
5+
3B
4
3)
,
3B
42 a
nd
3B
43 (
I
T
U
-
R
+
3
B
42+
3B
43)
,
G
lo
ba
l
S
a
te
l
li
te
M
a
p
pi
ng
of
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on (
IT
U
-
R
+
GS
M
a
P
)
,
a
n
d
Glo
b
a
l
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on M
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t (
I
T
U
-
R
+
G
P
M
)
.
Am
ong
the
f
i
ve
te
s
t s
ite
s,
the
de
f
a
u
lt
I
TU
-
R
P
.
8
3
7
-
6
a
n
d I
TU
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43
c
o
ul
d pr
e
dic
t o
ne
-
m
in
ut
e
r
a
inf
a
ll r
a
te
s a
t
tw
o loc
a
ti
on
s a
c
c
ur
a
te
l
y.
The
I
TU
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 e
xh
ib
ite
d
a
m
a
r
gi
na
l
ly
be
tte
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
f
or
si
te
s
tha
t
ha
d a
h
ig
h pe
r
c
e
nta
ge
of
ve
r
y
he
a
v
y r
a
i
n,
pa
r
tic
ula
r
ly
a
t
la
r
ge
(
1
%)
a
n
d
sm
a
l
l (
0.
00
1%
)
pe
r
c
e
n
ta
ge
s
of
t
im
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d.
The
spa
tia
l
dis
tr
i
bu
ti
on
of
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
te
pr
od
uc
e
d
by
IT
U
-
R
P
.
8
37
-
7
a
nd I
TU
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43 wa
s c
lo
se
r
to t
he
pa
tt
e
r
n de
m
ons
tr
a
te
d by r
e
c
e
nt
sa
te
ll
ite
pr
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on m
e
a
sur
e
m
e
nt
s.
Ke
y
wo
r
d
s
:
I
ndone
s
i
a
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
R
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
T
his
is
a
n
o
pe
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
tic
le
u
nde
r
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
lic
e
n
se
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
t
h
or
:
M
ar
zu
k
i
,
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
P
hys
i
c
s
,
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
A
nda
l
a
s
,
P
a
da
ng
25163,
I
ndone
s
i
a
.
E
ma
il:
m
ar
zu
k
i
@
s
ci
.
u
n
an
d
.
ac.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
DUC
T
I
O
N
K
now
l
e
dge
of
one
-
min
u
te
c
u
mu
la
tiv
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
i
s
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
to
e
s
tima
te
s
ig
n
a
l lo
s
s
,
w
hi
c
h i
s
es
s
en
t
i
al
i
n r
a
i
n f
a
de
m
ode
l
s,
f
o
r
p
la
n
n
in
g
b
o
th
s
a
te
llite
a
n
d
te
r
r
e
s
tr
ia
l lin
k
s
th
a
t
u
tiliz
e
mi
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
a
nd m
i
l
l
i
m
e
t
e
r
w
a
ve
ba
nds
[
1]
.
A
l
t
hough
r
a
i
n i
s
n
ot
t
he
onl
y
f
a
c
t
or
t
ha
t
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
s
s
i
gna
l
pr
opa
ga
t
i
on i
n t
he
s
e
ba
nds
,
i
t
c
a
us
e
s
l
a
r
ge
r
a
t
t
e
nua
t
i
on t
ha
n ot
he
r
a
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
c
om
pone
nt
s
[
2]
.
T
o
cal
cu
l
at
e o
n
e
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on U
ni
on
-
R
adi
oc
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on Se
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
837
-
6 and
…
(
M
a
rzu
k
i
)
2293
r
at
e s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cs
a
ccu
r
at
el
y
,
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
d
at
a w
i
t
h
o
n
e
-
min
u
te
in
te
g
r
a
tio
n
time
a
r
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
t
hi
s
pr
ove
s
t
o be
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
o
ccas
i
o
n
al
l
y
b
ecau
s
e t
h
e av
ai
l
ab
l
e m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
d
at
a o
f
t
en
u
tiliz
e
a
l
onge
r
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on
t
i
m
e
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
one
-
m
i
n
u
t
e
r
ai
n
r
at
e s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cs
ar
e f
r
eq
u
en
t
l
y
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
s
u
ch
d
at
a w
i
t
h
cer
t
ai
n
co
n
v
er
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
hni
que
s
[
3
-
5
]
,
o
r
u
s
in
g
s
ta
tis
tic
a
l mo
d
e
ls
[
1
,
6
-
8
].
T
he
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
on
a
l
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
o
n U
ni
on
-
R
a
di
oc
om
m
un
i
c
a
t
i
on S
e
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
8
37 ha
s
b
e
e
n
w
i
d
e
l
y u
s
e
d
f
or
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
n
g
one
-
m
i
n
u
t
e r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
a
t
e
s
.
I
n
2
0
1
3
,
t
h
e I
T
U
r
el
e
a
s
e
d
t
h
e I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6
,
w
hi
c
h
u
ti
li
z
e
d
t
h
e
a
n
nua
l
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
a
t
es
fro
m
4
0
y
e
a
r
s
of
da
t
a
f
r
o
m
t
he
E
ur
op
e
a
n C
e
nt
e
r
of
M
e
d
i
u
m
-
r
an
g
e We
at
h
er
F
or
e
c
a
s
t
(
E
C
M
W
F
)
w
i
t
h
a
s
p
a
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
o
n
of
1.
1
25◦
a
n
d
si
x
-
h
our
t
e
m
p
or
a
l
r
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n [
1
]
.
L
o
w
r
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n of
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
d
at
a
m
i
gh
t
af
f
e
ct
t
h
e a
cc
u
r
a
cy
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
e
l
[
9
].
T
h
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
on w
a
s
o
v
e
r
c
om
e
b
y m
odi
f
yi
n
g I
T
U
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
6
u
s
i
ng
d
a
t
a
w
i
t
h
b
e
t
t
e
r
r
e
s
ol
u
t
i
on.
T
h
e
t
r
opi
c
a
l
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng m
i
s
s
i
on
(
T
R
M
M
)
3A
12
a
n
d
3B
43
da
t
a
w
er
e
u
s
ed
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
at
e
t
h
e
t
h
u
n
d
er
s
t
o
r
m
r
at
i
o
(
β
)
a
nd
t
o
t
a
l
r
a
i
n
a
c
c
um
ul
a
t
i
o
n (
M
t
) o
f IT
U
-
R
P
.
8
37
-
6
f
or
N
i
g
er
i
a [
9
]
.
I
ns
t
e
a
d o
f
de
pe
ndi
ng on
β
a
nd
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
of
r
a
i
n
f
r
om
s
i
x
-
hour
t
e
m
por
a
l
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
on
da
t
a
(
P
r6
)
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e
p
er
cen
t
ag
e p
r
o
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
r
ai
n
i
n
an
av
er
ag
e y
ear
(
P
0
)
,
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
T
R
MM
3A
25 a
nd 3B
43
da
t
a
t
o
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
P
0
a
n
d
M
t
w
as
s
u
cces
s
f
u
l
l
y
t
es
t
ed
i
n
a
f
ew
t
r
o
p
i
cal
an
d
eq
u
at
o
r
i
al
s
i
t
es
,
p
a
r
tic
u
la
r
ly
in
M
a
la
y
s
ia
[
10
]
.
R
e
c
e
nt
l
y,
a
c
om
bi
na
t
i
on of
T
R
M
M
3B
42 a
nd 3B
43
h
ad
b
een
t
es
t
ed
t
o
m
o
d
el
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll in
K
o
to
ta
b
an
g
,
Wes
t
S
u
m
at
r
a,
I
n
d
o
n
es
i
a
[
1
1
].
D
a
ta
w
ith
v
e
r
y
h
ig
h
s
p
a
tia
l
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
(
0.
1
°
)
s
u
c
h
a
s
G
lo
b
a
l
S
a
te
llite
M
a
p
p
in
g
o
f
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
(
G
S
M
a
P
)
a
n
d
G
lo
b
a
l
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
(G
P
M
)
w
er
e u
s
ed
a
nd t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
w
er
e
v
al
i
d
at
ed
w
i
t
h
r
ai
n
g
au
g
e d
at
a at
K
o
t
o
t
ab
an
g [
12
,
13
].
S
i
mila
r
to
pr
e
vi
ous
s
t
udi
e
s
ba
s
e
d on T
R
M
M
da
t
a
,
m
odi
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng G
S
M
a
P
a
nd G
P
M
obt
a
i
ne
d a
l
ow
e
r
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
a
t K
o
to
ta
b
a
n
g
th
a
n
th
e
d
e
f
a
u
lt I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6.
T
h
e I
T
U
r
el
eas
ed
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 i
n
2017.
T
hi
s
m
ode
l
w
or
k
ed
b
as
ed
o
n t
he
a
ve
r
a
ge
m
on
t
hl
y
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
w
hi
c
h
obt
a
i
ne
d f
r
om
50
ye
a
r
s
(
1951
-
2000)
of
da
t
a
f
r
om
t
he
G
l
oba
l
P
r
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
C
l
i
m
a
t
ol
ogy C
e
nt
r
e
(
G
P
C
C
)
C
l
i
m
a
t
ol
ogy (
V
2015)
ove
r
l
a
nd a
nd
f
r
om
36
da
t
a
ba
s
e
s
of
t
he
E
ur
ope
a
n
C
e
nt
e
r
of
M
e
di
um
-
r
an
g
e Weat
h
er
F
o
r
ecas
t
(
E
C
M
WF
)
[
8
]
a
c
r
o
ss t
h
e
y
ear
s
,
1979
-
20
14
,
w
i
t
h
a
s
pa
t
i
a
l
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
on of
0.
25
°
,
w
hi
c
h
w
as
f
iv
e
time
s
s
ma
lle
r
th
a
n
th
e
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6.
T
e
s
t
i
ng t
hi
s
m
ode
l
i
n I
r
e
l
a
nd i
ndi
c
a
t
e
d
th
a
t I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 pr
e
di
c
t
i
on
m
e
t
hod s
how
ed
a b
et
t
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce t
h
an
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
,
w
h
i
c
h
o
v
er
es
tima
te
d
t
he
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
at
e [
1
4
].
H
o
w
ev
er
,
t
he
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
o
f
t
hi
s
m
o
de
l
h
ad
not
y
e
t
be
e
n e
va
l
ua
t
e
d i
n
I
ndone
s
i
a
,
w
hi
c
h ha
s
c
lima
tic
r
e
g
io
n
w
i
t
h hi
gh
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
t
hr
oughout
t
he
ye
a
r
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
t
he
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y va
r
i
e
d
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
r
e
gi
on due
t
o
c
om
pl
e
x t
opogr
a
p
hi
c
c
ondi
t
i
on
s
[
15
-
18
]
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
w
oul
d
ex
am
i
n
e
t
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
to
e
s
tima
te
o
n
e
-
m
i
nut
e
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
i
n I
ndone
s
i
a
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
w
oul
d
b
e
c
om
pa
r
e
d w
i
t
h t
hos
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d by
t
h
e
d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 m
ode
l
,
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng 3B
42
a
nd 3B
43,
G
S
M
a
P
,
a
nd G
P
M
.
I
n a
ddi
t
i
on
,
t
he
us
e
of
T
R
M
M
3A
25 da
t
a
w
oul
d a
l
s
o be
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
of
e
a
c
h m
ode
l
w
e
r
e
va
l
i
da
t
e
d w
i
t
h
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
d
a
t
a
a
t
f
i
ve
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
poi
nt
s
,
na
m
e
l
y K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
,
P
a
da
ng,
S
i
c
i
nc
i
n,
P
ont
i
a
na
k
a
nd B
a
ndung.
T
he
nu
m
be
r
of
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
poi
nt
s
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
w
as
l
a
r
ge
r
t
ha
n
pr
e
vi
ous
s
tu
d
ie
s
.
R
e
c
e
n
t
s
a
te
llite
p
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
me
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
s
s
h
o
w
ed
s
i
gni
f
i
c
a
nt
a
m
ount
s
of
pr
e
c
i
pi
t
a
t
i
on c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e co
as
t
al
r
eg
i
o
n
s
of
I
ndone
s
i
a
[
1
9
]
.
T
he
s
t
ud
y a
l
s
o qua
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
l
y e
va
l
ua
t
e
d t
he
a
bi
l
i
t
y of
e
a
c
h
m
ode
l
t
o
r
e
pr
oduc
e
a
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on t
ha
t
r
e
s
e
m
bl
e
d
th
i
s
p
a
tte
r
n
.
2.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ETH
O
D
On
e
-
m
i
n
u
t
e r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e
f
o
r
t
h
e d
es
i
r
ed
p
r
o
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
ex
ceed
an
ce (
P
(
R
)
1
)
w
a
s
f
i
r
s
t e
s
tima
te
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
e d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
[
1
]
.
D
ef
au
l
t
m
ean
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
ar
am
et
er
P
0
,
w
hi
c
h w
a
s
us
e
d
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e
P
(
R
)
1
,
w
as
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
P
r6
,
β
,
a
n
d
M
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
er
e
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
om
E
R
A
-
40 da
t
a
.
S
ubs
e
que
nt
l
y
,
IT
U
-
R
P
.
8
37
-
6
w
as
m
odi
f
i
e
d by
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
ng
P
0
a
nd
M
t
di
r
e
c
t
l
y
us
i
ng
m
ul
t
i
s
e
ns
or
y
d
at
a
,
w
i
t
hout
P
r6
a
n
d
β
.
T
he
va
l
ue
o
f
P
0
w
as
cal
cu
l
at
ed
u
s
i
n
g
(
1)
[
10
]
.
T
R
N
N
P
=
0
,
(
1)
w
h
er
e
N
R
i
s
t
he
num
be
r
o
f
r
a
i
ny
pi
xe
l
s,
a
nd
N
T
i
s
t
he
num
be
r
of
t
ot
a
l
pi
xe
l
s
.
T
hus
,
t
he
m
od
i
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
w
a
s
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d by
(2
-
4)
+
+
−
=
cR
bR
R
.
P
P(R)
1
1
09
1
exp
0
1
(
2)
0
21797
P
t
M
b
=
(
3)
b
.
c
02
26
=
(
4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
18
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2020:
2292
-
2303
2294
w
h
er
e
R
i
s
t
h
e
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
es
i
r
ed
p
r
o
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
ex
ceed
an
ce.
T
h
e d
at
a
u
s
ed
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e
P
0
a
nd
M
t
ar
e
s
um
m
a
r
i
z
e
d i
n T
a
bl
e
1.
D
e
t
a
i
l
e
d de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on of
T
R
M
M
3B
42,
3B
43,
3A
25,
a
nd G
S
M
a
P
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
G
P
M
da
t
a
c
oul
d
be
f
ound i
n
va
r
i
ous
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
[
20
-
22
]
.
F
in
a
lly
,
th
e
one
-
m
i
n
u
t
e r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e w
as
cal
cu
l
at
ed
u
s
i
n
g
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
.
A
ll
r
e
s
u
lts
w
er
e
t
he
n c
ont
ou
r
e
d t
o
s
e
e
t
he
s
pa
t
i
a
l
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on of
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
.
T
ab
l
e 1
.
D
et
ai
l
e
d de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on o
f
t
he
i
nput
s
f
or
t
he
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on
m
e
t
hods
P
r
e
d
ic
tio
n
me
th
o
d
D
at
a
t
o obt
a
i
n i
nput
I
nput
s
of
pr
e
di
c
t
i
on m
e
t
hod
D
at
ab
as
e
T
e
mp
o
r
a
l r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
P
ar
am
et
er
s
T
e
mp
o
r
a
l r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
S
p
a
tia
l r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
D
e
fa
u
l
t
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
6
ER
A
-
40
6
-
hour
M
t
P
r6
β
a
nnua
l
1.125
°
x 1.125
°
1.125
°
x 1.125
°
1.125
°
x 1.125
°
IT
U
-
R
+
3B
42
+
3B
43
T
R
MM
3B
42
T
R
M
M
3B
43
3
-
hour
mo
n
th
ly
P
0
M
t
a
nnua
l
0.25
°
x 0.25
°
0.25
°
x 0.25
°
IT
U
-
R
+
3A
25 +
3
B
43
T
R
M
M
3B
42
T
R
M
M
3B
43
mo
n
th
ly
mo
n
th
ly
P
0
M
t
a
nnua
l
0.50
°
x 0.5
0
°
0.25
°
x 0.25
°
IT
U
-
R
+ G
S
Ma
P
GS
M
a
P
1
-
hour
P
0
M
t
a
nnua
l
0.10
°
x 0.1
0
°
0.1
0
°
x 0.1
0
°
IT
U
-
R
+
GP
M
I
M
ER
G
30
-
min
u
te
P
0
M
t
a
nnua
l
0.10
°
x 0.1
0
°
0.1
0
°
x 0.1
0
°
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
7
GP
C
C
ER
A
-
in
te
r
im
M
ont
hl
y
M
t
T
mo
n
th
ly
0.25
°
x 0.25
°
0.75
°
x 0.75
°
On
e
-
m
i
nut
e
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
s
f
r
om
t
he
m
ode
l
s
w
e
r
e
va
l
i
da
t
e
d us
i
ng obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
a
t
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
(
0.
2
°
S
,
100
.
32
°
E
)
,
S
i
c
i
nc
i
n
(
0
.
546
°
S
,
100
.
3
°
E
)
,
P
a
da
ng (
0.
915
°
S
,
100.
46
°
E
)
,
P
ont
i
a
na
k
(
0
.
00
°
S
,
10
9.
37
°
S
),
a
nd B
a
ndung (
6.
9
°
S
,
107
.
6
°
E
)
.
T
o
ad
eq
u
at
el
y
es
t
i
m
at
e o
n
e
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
ta
tis
tic
s
,
c
o
mp
le
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
t
i
m
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
f
or
a
gi
ve
n ye
a
r
w
i
t
h
one
-
min
u
te
in
te
g
r
a
tio
n
time
w
as
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
.
A
t
K
o
t
o
t
ab
an
g
,
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e w
as
m
eas
u
r
ed
b
y
O
p
t
i
cal
R
ai
n
G
au
g
e (
O
R
G
)
an
d
P
a
r
s
iv
e
l d
is
d
r
o
me
te
r
.
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng ha
d
t
h
e
mo
s
t
t
hor
ough
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
y
ear
s
,
dur
i
ng
2
014,
2015
,
2016
,
a
nd
2017
us
i
ng
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
a
nd
2003,
2004
,
2005,
200
8,
2009
,
2010
,
a
nd 2011
us
i
ng t
he
O
R
G
.
D
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on o
f
O
R
G
a
nd P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on a
t
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
c
oul
d
be
f
ound
i
n s
om
e
pr
e
vi
ous
s
t
udi
e
s
[
1
6
, 2
3
]
.
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
w
a
s a
l
so
u
se
d
at
P
ad
an
g
,
b
u
t th
e
a
v
a
ila
b
ility
o
f
d
a
ta
f
r
om
t
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on w
a
s
s
pa
r
s
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
d
at
a i
n
t
h
e l
i
t
er
at
u
r
e
[
2
4
]
w
er
e
us
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
v
a
lid
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ces
s
.
A
t
S
i
ci
n
ci
n
,
t
h
er
e
w
er
e
c
om
pl
e
t
e
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ona
l
da
t
a
f
r
om
t
h
e
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on dur
i
ng 2018.
At
P
ont
i
a
na
k,
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ona
l
da
t
a
e
xi
s
t
e
d f
r
om
20
15
-
2017
,
but
t
h
e
c
om
pl
e
t
e
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ona
l
pe
r
i
od
w
as
onl
y
dur
i
ng 2015.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
onl
y
da
t
a
obt
a
i
ne
d
dur
i
ng 2015
w
er
e u
s
ed
i
n t
he
va
l
i
da
t
i
on p
r
oc
e
s
s
.
D
B
S
G
3
d
at
a [
2
5
]
w
er
e
us
e
d t
o
va
l
i
da
t
e
t
he
m
ode
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
i
n B
a
ndung.
T
he
da
t
a
w
er
e
a
va
i
l
a
bl
e
dur
i
ng ni
ne
y
e
a
r
s
f
or
0.
001 t
o 5%
o
f
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y of
t
h
e
m
ode
l
w
a
s
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d us
i
ng r
oot
–
m
ean
–
sq
u
a
r
e
-
e
rro
r
(
R
M
S
E
)
an
d
p
e
r
cen
t
ag
e o
f
er
r
o
r
s
f
o
r
each
p
er
cen
t
a
g
e o
f
t
i
m
e
ex
c
eed
ed
(
ε
i
)
w
a
s
gi
ve
n by
=
∑
(
−
)
2
=
1
(5
)
=
−
∗
100
(
6)
w
h
er
e
n
i
s
t
he
num
be
r
of
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
l
e
ve
l
s
,
R
Ei
a
nd
R
Mi
ar
e
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
fr
o
m
t
h
e
m
ode
l
a
nd
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
,
f
o
r
a g
i
v
en
p
er
cen
t
ag
e o
f
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
.
N
o
t
al
l
l
o
cat
i
o
n
s
h
a
d
s
i
m
ul
t
a
ne
ous
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
of
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
o
n
t
h
e s
u
r
f
ace an
d
s
at
el
l
i
t
es
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
an
a
ve
r
a
ge
one
-
m
i
n
u
t
e m
eas
u
r
ed
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e
w
a
s u
se
d
i
n
t
h
e
v
al
i
d
at
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
av
er
ag
e an
n
u
al
r
ai
n
f
al
l
(
M
t
)
a
n
d
da
t
a
de
not
i
ng
a
ve
r
a
ge
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o ha
ve
r
a
i
n
(
P
0
)
w
er
e
u
s
ed
t
o
cal
cu
l
at
e o
n
e
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
us
i
ng
t
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6.
H
en
ce
,
t
he
a
nnua
l
va
r
i
a
t
i
on of
da
t
a
w
a
s
i
gnor
e
d
.
I
n
t
hi
s
w
or
k
,
t
he
s
a
m
e
nu
m
be
r
of
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y l
e
ve
l
s
w
a
s u
se
d
fo
r
a
ll lo
c
a
tio
n
s
,
s
o
th
e
av
er
ag
e R
M
S
E
v
al
u
e
w
as
cal
cu
l
at
ed
w
i
t
hout
w
e
i
ght
i
ng
t
he
e
r
r
or
w
i
t
h num
be
r
of
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on ye
a
r
s
a
nd
pr
o
ba
bi
l
i
t
y l
e
ve
l
s
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d by
(
7)
=
∑
=
1
(
7
)
w
h
er
e R
M
S
E
i
s
r
o
o
t
m
ean
s
q
u
ar
e er
r
o
r
o
f
s
i
t
e
i
,
a
nd
N
s
i
s
t
he
num
be
r
o
f
s
i
t
e
s
(
he
r
e
N
s
=
5)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on U
ni
on
-
R
adi
oc
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on Se
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
837
-
6 and
…
(
M
a
rzu
k
i
)
2295
3.
R
ES
U
LTS
A
ND ANAL
YS
I
S
3.
1.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
on
of
p
red
i
ct
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
rem
e
n
t
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
va
l
i
da
t
i
on
poi
nt
w
as
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
a
)
.
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
h
ad
th
e
mo
s
t
c
om
pl
e
t
e
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on ye
a
r
s
,
dur
i
ng
2014,
2015,
2
016
,
a
nd 2017
us
i
ng P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
,
a
nd 2003,
2004,
20
05,
2008,
2009,
2010
,
a
nd
2011
us
i
ng t
he
O
R
G
.
A
ve
r
a
ge
a
nnua
l
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
(
M
t
)
ba
s
e
d on
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ons
of
t
he
s
e
in
s
tr
u
me
n
ts
w
as
2601 m
m
/
ye
a
r
.
I
n a
ddi
t
i
on
,
t
h
e
d
at
a f
o
r
a
ve
r
a
ge
p
r
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o ha
ve
r
a
i
n
(
P
0
)
w
as
10.
28%
.
T
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng T
R
M
M
3A
25 +
3B
43 s
how
ed
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
w
hi
c
h
w
er
e
c
l
os
e
s
t
t
o t
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
,
f
ol
l
ow
e
d
by t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6.
T
he
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 r
e
s
ul
t
ed
i
n
s
ma
lle
r
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
t
ha
n
t
hos
e
f
r
om
t
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ons
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
,
es
p
eci
al
l
y
w
h
en
t
h
e
time
p
er
cen
t
ag
e ex
ceed
ed
0
.
0
1
%
a
nd
0.
1
%
,
a
t
ve
r
y s
m
a
l
l
(
0.
001
%
)
a
nd ve
r
y
l
a
r
ge
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
s
(
1%
)
,
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
r
et
r
i
ev
e
d
a
l
ar
g
er
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
a
t
e.
I
n S
i
c
i
nc
i
n a
s
s
how
n i
n F
i
gur
e
1
(
b)
,
P
a
da
ng a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
a
nd
P
ont
i
a
na
k
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
d)
,
th
e
e
s
tima
te
d
v
a
lu
e
w
as
m
u
ch
s
m
al
l
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
.
I
n
S
i
ci
n
ci
n
,
t
he
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
c
ol
l
e
c
t
e
d by a
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
dur
i
ng 2018
.
A
nnua
l
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
a
nd
t
h
e
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y ha
v
i
ng
r
ai
n
f
al
l
a
t th
is
lo
c
a
tio
n
w
er
e
5.
388 m
m
/
ye
a
r
a
nd 12.
17
%
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
T
h
e d
i
s
t
an
ce b
et
w
een
S
i
ci
n
ci
n
an
d K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
wa
s
onl
y a
bout
62 km
,
but
t
he
a
nnua
l
r
a
i
n
f
a
l
l
at
t
h
es
e t
w
o
l
oc
a
t
i
ons
w
as
ve
r
y
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
.
I
n
B
a
ndung,
t
he
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 s
how
s
a
good
a
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
w
i
t
h
t
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on
da
t
a
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
e)
.
(
a)
(
b)
(
c)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e
1.
C
om
pa
r
i
s
on of
c
um
ul
a
t
i
ve
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on o
f
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
f
r
o
m
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
an
d
m
o
d
el
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
18
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2020:
2292
-
2303
2296
T
he
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
e
r
r
or
of
e
a
c
h e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
on m
ode
l
f
or
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng i
s
gi
ve
n
a
s
s
how
n i
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
2
(
a
)
.
N
eg
at
i
v
e v
al
u
es
i
n
d
i
cat
e
d t
ha
t
t
he
m
ode
l
s
u
n
d
e
r
e
s
tima
te
d t
he
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
.
T
he
e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
f
or
0.
001%
o
f
t
i
m
e
ex
ceed
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
m
odi
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3B
43,
3A
25+
3B
43,
G
S
M
a
P
,
G
P
M
a
nd
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
as
-
2.
41,
-
29.
41,
2.
69
,
-
12.
35,
-
11.
32
a
n
d 38.
47
,
r
es
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
F
or
0
.
0
1
%
o
f
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
t
h
e v
al
u
es
w
er
e
-
9.
71,
-
45.
28,
-
2.
92,
-
23.
69
,
-
22.
15 a
nd
-
11.
57,
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ngl
y a
s
s
how
n i
n
T
a
bl
e
2.
T
h
e
re
fo
re
,
f
or
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng,
t
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43,
a
nd
t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 s
how
ed
a b
et
t
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
an
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7.
T
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
as
b
et
t
er
t
h
an
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 onl
y a
t
l
a
r
ge
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
s
o
f
t
i
m
e
ex
ceed
ed
(1
%)
,
w
i
t
h a
n e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
3
.
35
%
.
T
he
R
M
S
E
va
l
ue
be
t
w
e
e
n m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
a
nd m
ode
l
r
e
s
ul
t
s
f
or
0.
001
%
t
o 5
%
o
f
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
s
h
o
w
ed
s
upe
r
i
or
i
t
y
of
I
T
U
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43
a
s
s
how
n i
n
T
ab
l
e 3
.
T
h
e p
er
cen
t
ag
es
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
fo
r
a
ll me
th
o
d
s
w
er
e
l
a
r
ge
r
t
ha
n 30%
e
xc
e
pt
w
h
en
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
at
0.
001%
fo
r IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 (
-
11.
56%
)
.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y of
a
l
l
m
e
t
hods
w
as
a
l
s
o l
ow
f
or
P
a
da
ng
w
i
t
h
e
rr
o
r
p
er
cen
t
ag
es
be
i
ng
m
or
e
t
ha
n 20
%
,
ex
cep
t
w
h
en
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
a
t
0.
001%
f
or
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43 (
-
8.
88%
)
.
L
a
rg
e
e
rro
rs
w
er
e
a
l
s
o f
ound f
or
P
ont
i
a
na
k.
T
he
P
ont
i
a
na
k da
t
a
w
er
e
ga
t
he
r
e
d
t
hr
ough
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
obs
e
r
va
t
i
ons
done
i
n
2015.
A
nnua
l
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
a
nd
t
h
e
p
r
oba
bi
l
i
t
y of
ha
vi
ng r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
a
t th
is
lo
c
a
tio
n
w
er
e
3
.
235 m
m
/
ye
a
r
a
nd
8.
18%
,
r
es
p
ect
i
v
el
y
.
T
he
e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
a
l
l
m
e
t
hods
f
or
P
on
t
i
a
na
k
w
as
a
l
so
s
ig
n
if
ic
a
n
tly
l
a
r
ge
(
>
30%
)
,
ex
cep
t
w
he
n
t
h
e t
i
m
e p
er
cen
t
ag
e
w
a
s
0.
001%
f
or
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 (
-
11%
)
a
nd
fo
r
a
t
i
m
e p
er
cen
t
ag
e o
f
1
%
f
o
r
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 (
-
1
%).
T
h
e
IT
U
-
R
m
ode
l
c
oul
d not
p
r
e
d
ic
t r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
accu
r
at
el
y
at
t
h
e
se
t
h
r
ee l
o
cat
i
o
n
s
w
hi
c
h
w
as
i
ndi
c
a
t
e
d by l
a
r
ge
R
M
S
E
a
s
s
how
n i
n
T
ab
l
e 3
.
T
ab
l
e
2
.
E
r
r
o
r
p
er
cen
t
ag
e (
ε
i
)
b
et
w
een
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
m
o
d
el
r
es
ul
t
s
f
or
0.
01%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d
P
r
e
d
ic
tio
n
me
th
o
d
E
r
r
o
r
p
er
cen
t
ag
e
(
ε
i
)
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
S
ic
in
c
in
P
a
da
ng
P
ont
i
a
na
k
B
a
ndung
D
e
fa
u
l
t
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
6
-
9.71
-
47.82
-
39.60
-
38.36
-
0.71
IT
U
-
R
+
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43
-
2.92
-
42.08
-
22.99
-
35.15
11.39
IT
U
-
R
+
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3
B
43
-
45.28
-
64.08
-
50.52
-
57.45
-
32.24
IT
U
-
R
+G
S
Ma
P
-
23.69
-
54.32
-
34.01
-
48.65
-
14.58
IT
U
-
R
+
GP
M
-
22.15
-
49.80
-
38.92
-
46.49
-
10.85
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
7
-
11.57
-
38.83
-
27.39
-
38.23
-
3.96
T
h
e accu
r
acy
o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 m
ode
l
w
as
ve
r
y good f
or
B
a
ndung a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
e
)
a
nd
F
i
gur
e
2
(
e)
.
T
h
e e
r
r
o
r
p
er
cen
t
ag
e o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
w
a
s
a
bout
-
1%
f
or
0
.
001%
t
o 1%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d.
M
odi
f
i
c
a
t
i
on of
I
T
U
-
R
P.
837
-
6 us
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43,
G
SM
a
P,
a
n
d
G
P
M
a
l
s
o s
how
ed
good
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce.
T
h
e
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
o
v
e
r
e
s
tima
te
d
t
he
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
w
h
en
t
i
m
e
ex
ceed
ed
at
0.
001%
,
w
i
t
h t
he
e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
41.
02
%
.
F
or
a
l
a
r
ge
r
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
t
i
m
e
,
I
T
U
-
R
P.
837
-
7
m
ode
l
u
n
d
e
r
e
s
tima
te
d
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e s
m
al
l
es
t
er
r
o
r
p
e
r
cen
t
ag
e o
f
-
3.
96
%
a
t
0.
01%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d.
T
he
R
M
S
E
s
how
ed
t
h
e
s
upe
r
i
or
i
t
y o
f
t
h
e
d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 f
o
l
l
ow
e
d by t
he
I
T
U
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43 a
s
s
how
n i
n
T
ab
l
e 3
.
T
ab
l
e 3
.
R
o
o
t
m
ean
s
q
u
ar
e er
r
o
r
(
R
M
S
E
)
b
et
w
een
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
m
o
d
el
r
es
u
l
t
s
fo
r
0
.
001%
t
o 5
%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d
P
r
e
d
ic
tio
n
me
th
o
d
RM
S
E
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
S
ic
in
c
in
P
a
da
ng
P
ont
i
a
na
k
B
a
ndung
D
e
fa
u
l
t
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
6
6.37
67.05
49.62
52.59
2.04
35.53
IT
U
-
R
+
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43
1.68
59.77
31.89
48.41
8.08
29.97
IT
U
-
R
+
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3
B
43
32.90
87.68
60.70
77.17
23.77
56.45
IT
U
-
R
+G
S
Ma
P
17.41
75.70
43.95
66.06
11.73
42.97
IT
U
-
R
+
GP
M
16.11
69.72
48.95
63.19
8.86
41.37
IT
U
-
R
P
.837
-
7
14.35
50.57
40.07
47.69
14.07
33.35
A
l
t
hough I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 pe
r
f
or
m
ed
w
or
s
e
t
ha
n I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 i
n
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng
a
nd B
a
ndung,
R
M
S
E
o
f
I
TU
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
a
s
s
ma
lle
r
th
a
n
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 a
s
s
how
n
i
n
T
a
bl
e
3.
T
h
e
re
fo
re
,
i
n
g
en
er
al
,
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
e
xhi
bi
t
e
d
s
l
i
ght
l
y
be
t
t
e
r
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
t
ha
n t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
c
ons
i
s
t
e
nt
w
i
t
h
a p
r
e
vi
ous
s
t
udy
i
n
I
r
e
l
a
nd
[
1
4
]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e I
T
U
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43
e
xhi
bi
t
e
d
b
et
t
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce t
h
an
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 a
nd
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
.
A
m
ong t
he
f
iv
e
te
s
t s
ite
s
,
th
e
d
e
f
a
u
lt
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
6 a
nd
IT
U
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43
c
oul
d
pr
e
di
c
t
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
at
t
w
o
l
o
cat
i
o
n
s
accu
r
at
el
y
,
w
hi
c
h
w
as
i
n
d
i
cat
ed
by ve
r
y
s
m
a
l
l
R
M
S
E
v
al
u
es
(
<
1
0)
,
w
h
er
eas
t
h
e
R
M
S
E
v
al
u
es
o
f IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
t
ha
n 10
f
or
a
ll lo
c
a
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on U
ni
on
-
R
adi
oc
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on Se
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
837
-
6 and
…
(
M
a
rzu
k
i
)
2297
(
a)
(
b)
(
c)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e
2
.
P
er
cen
t
ag
e o
f
er
r
o
r
s
b
et
w
een
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
m
o
d
el
r
es
u
l
t
s
f
o
r
e
ach
p
er
cen
t
ag
e o
f
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
3.
2.
S
p
at
i
al
d
is
t
r
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
o
n
e
-
m
in
u
t
e
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
t
e
s
F
i
g
ur
e
3
s
h
ow
s
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
on
of
o
n
e
-
mi
n
u
t
e
r
a
in
f
a
l
l r
a
te
s
f
or
0.
0
01%
a
n
d 0.
01%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
d
e
d.
F
or
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
nt
a
g
e
of
0.
00
1%
,
on
e
-
mi
n
u
t
e
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
t
e
s
e
s
ti
ma
te
d
b
y
t
h
e
IT
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
a
nd m
od
i
f
i
e
d v
e
r
s
i
o
n of
I
T
U
-
R P
.
33
7
-
6 u
s
i
n
g T
R
M
M
3
B
4
2 +
3
B
4
3 a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
u
re
3
(
b)
,
3A
25
+
3
B
43
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
u
re
3
(
c
)
,
G
S
Ma
P
a
s
sh
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
d)
a
nd
G
P
M
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
ur
e
3
(
e)
da
t
a
we
r
e
s
ma
lle
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
a
t
e
s
ti
ma
te
d
b
y
t
h
e I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
7
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
f)
,
c
on
s
i
s
t
e
nt
w
i
t
h
F
i
g
u
r
e
1.
T
hi
s
w
a
s
ob
s
e
r
ve
d i
n
a
l
l
I
nd
on
e
s
i
a
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y o
v
e
r
P
ac
i
f
i
c an
d
I
n
d
i
a
n
O
ce
an
s
ec
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
hi
ghe
s
t
va
l
u
e
o
f
on
e
-
m
i
n
u
t
e r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e f
r
o
m
t
h
e I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
7 (
F
i
g
ur
e
3
(
f
)
)
w
as
29
2 m
m
/
h
w
h
i
l
e
t
he
h
i
g
he
s
t
va
l
ue
s
ob
t
a
i
n
e
d
by t
he
I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6 a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
a
)
,
m
od
i
f
i
e
d ve
r
s
i
o
n of
I
T
U
-
R P
.
3
37
-
6
u
s
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3B
43
da
t
a
a
s
a
s
h
ow
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
3
(
b)
,
3A
25
+
3
B
43 a
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
Fi
g
ur
e
3
(
c
)
,
G
SM
a
P
a
s
s
h
o
w
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
d)
a
nd
G
P
M
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
Fi
g
ur
e
3
(
e)
w
er
e
16
6,
1
59,
1
87,
18
7,
an
d
1
65
m
m
/
h,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
M
o
di
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6 u
s
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3
B
42 +
3B
4
3
pr
od
uc
e
d
th
e
s
m
a
ll
e
s
t o
n
e
-
m
i
n
u
t
e r
ai
n
f
a
l
l
r
at
e.
T
he
s
pa
t
i
a
l
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on o
f
one
-
m
i
nut
e
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
f
or
0
.
01%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d s
how
e
d a
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
p
at
t
er
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
at
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
t
i
m
e
p
er
cen
t
ag
e
of
0
.
001%
.
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
(
l
)
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P.
837
-
6 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
g)
pr
ovi
de
d
m
a
xi
m
um
va
l
ue
s
o
f
one
-
m
i
nut
e
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
s
,
a
t
130 a
nd
111 m
m
/
h,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
I
n a
ddi
t
i
on,
t
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng 3A
25+
3
B
43 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
i
),
G
S
M
a
P
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
(
j
)
,
a
nd G
P
M
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
(
k)
pr
ovi
de
d m
a
xi
m
um
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
s
of
132,
132 a
nd 110
m
m
/
h,
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ngl
y.
T
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3B
42 +
3B
43 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
h)
a
l
s
o ga
ve
t
he
s
m
a
l
l
e
s
t
one
-
m
i
nut
e
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
a
t
t
he
t
i
m
e
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
0
.
001%
.
A
l
t
hough
th
e
ma
x
imu
m r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
f
r
o
m I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
l
)
,
3A
25+
3B
43
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
i
)
,
a
nd G
S
M
a
P
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
j)
w
e
r
e
a
lmo
s
t s
imila
r
,
th
e
s
p
a
tia
l d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
w
a
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
.
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
i
)
,
G
S
Ma
P
a
s sh
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
j
)
,
a
nd
G
P
M
pr
ovi
de
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
18
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2020:
2292
-
2303
2298
t
h
e h
i
g
h
es
t
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e i
n
co
as
t
al
ar
eas
,
w
h
i
ch
w
er
e co
n
s
i
s
t
en
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e p
at
t
er
n
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
ed
b
y
r
ecen
t
s
a
te
llite
p
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
me
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
ts
[
1
9
]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
t
he
hi
gh
-
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e ar
ea o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
as
b
r
o
ad
er
o
v
er
t
h
e
I
n
d
i
an
an
d
P
aci
f
i
c
O
cean
s
,
i
n
ad
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
co
as
t
al
ar
ea,
w
h
i
l
e I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 di
d
no
t
e
xhi
bi
t
t
h
e h
i
g
h
es
t
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e ar
o
u
n
d
co
as
t
al
ar
eas
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
D
i
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
of
r
a
i
n
r
a
t
e
f
o
r
t
i
m
e
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
0
.
001%
(
l
e
f
t
)
a
nd 0
.
01%
(
r
i
ght
)
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
by t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
TU
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
6,
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
F
o
r
0.
1
%
a
nd 1%
of
t
i
m
e
e
xc
e
e
de
d,
t
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d
I
T
U
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng
3A
25+
3B
43
,
an
d
G
S
M
aP
ga
ve
l
a
r
ge
r
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
t
ha
n t
he
ot
he
r
s
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
,
c
o
n
s
is
te
n
t w
ith
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
F
or
0
.
1%
of
t
i
m
e
ex
ceed
ed
,
t
h
e m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e o
b
t
ai
n
ed
b
y
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
a)
,
mo
d
if
ie
d
IT
U
-
R P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3B
43 a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
b
),
3A
25+
3B
43 a
s
s
honw
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e 4
(
c
),
G
S
M
a
P
a
s
s
how
n i
n F
i
gur
e
4
(
d
)
,
G
P
M
a
s
s
how
i
n F
i
gur
e
4
(
e)
,
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
f)
w
e
r
e
57,
52,
78,
78
,
57 a
nd
49 m
m
/
h
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
or
e
,
f
o
r
1
%
o
f
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
,
t
h
e m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ai
n
f
al
l
r
at
e
s
obt
a
i
ne
d by
IT
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
g)
,
m
od
i
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R P
.
8
3
7
-
6 us
i
ng
T
R
M
M
3B
4
2+
3B
4
3 a
s
s
h
on
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on U
ni
on
-
R
adi
oc
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on Se
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
837
-
6 and
…
(
M
a
rzu
k
i
)
2299
F
i
g
u
r
e 4
(h
),
3A
25+
3B
43 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
i
)
,
G
S
Ma
P
a
s sh
o
w
n i
n F
i
gur
e
4
(
j
)
,
G
P
M
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
k
)
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
l)
w
er
e
1
0,
11
,
23
,
25
,
12
a
nd 12
,
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
T
h
e
re
fo
re
,
o
ne
-
min
u
te
ra
i
n
fa
l
l
ra
t
e
fro
m
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
as
s
l
i
ght
l
y
l
a
r
ge
r
t
ha
n t
ha
t
of
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6
,
a
s
f
ound
i
n
m
a
i
nl
a
nd
C
hi
na
[
2
6]
a
nd I
ndi
a
[2
7
],
c
o
n
s
is
te
n
t w
ith
F
ig
u
r
e
1,
but
i
t
w
as
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
t
ha
n t
ha
t
obt
a
i
ne
d by
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43.
R
e
g
io
n
a
l v
a
r
ia
tio
n
s
in
r
a
in
f
a
ll
w
er
e
m
o
r
e cl
ear
l
y
s
een
f
r
o
m
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 t
ha
n I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
w
hi
c
h
w
as
due
t
o
t
h
e
s
ma
lle
r
r
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
’s
i
nput
.
B
e
t
t
e
r
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
ons
of
T
R
M
M
3B
42+
3B
43,
3A
25+
3B
43,
G
S
M
a
P
,
a
nd G
P
M
a
l
s
o r
e
s
ul
t
ed
i
n m
or
e
obvi
ous
r
e
gi
ona
l
va
r
i
a
t
i
on of
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
r
a
t
e
,
t
h
a
n t
ha
t
of
d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
837
-
6.
C
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on of
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
f
r
o
m
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
,
w
hi
c
h i
nvol
ve
d
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
al
u
es
,
pr
oduc
e
d
a
b
r
oa
de
r
hi
gh
-
r
ai
n
f
al
l
i
n
t
en
s
i
t
y
ar
ea o
v
er
t
w
o
w
ar
m
o
cean
s
n
am
el
y
I
n
d
i
an
an
d
P
aci
f
i
c O
cean
s
,
i
n a
ddi
t
i
on
t
o
be
i
ng
a
r
ound
th
e
c
o
a
s
ta
l a
r
e
a
.
I
n
te
r
ms
o
f
s
imila
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
w
ith
t
h
e p
at
t
er
n
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
at
ed
b
y
r
ecen
t
s
at
el
l
i
t
e p
r
eci
p
i
t
at
i
o
n
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
,
t
he
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43 g
av
e
t
he
be
s
t
r
e
s
ul
t
s
.
I
n a
ddi
t
i
on
,
IT
U
-
R
+
3A
25+
3B
43 a
l
s
o ha
d
th
e
s
ma
lle
s
t R
M
S
E
v
a
lu
e
,
w
he
n i
t
w
a
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d t
o obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
a
s
s
how
n i
n
F
ig
u
r
e 3
.
F
i
gur
e
4.
D
i
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
of
r
a
i
n
r
a
t
e
f
o
r
t
i
m
e
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
0
.
1%
(
l
e
f
t
)
a
nd 1
%
(
r
i
ght
)
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
by t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
m
odi
f
i
e
d I
T
U
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
6,
a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
,
Vo
l
.
18
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
2020:
2292
-
2303
2300
4.
CO
NCL
US
I
O
N
I
n
g
en
er
al
,
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 s
how
ed
a
s
l
i
ght
l
y be
t
t
e
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
t
ha
n t
he
de
f
a
ul
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 i
n
e
s
tima
tin
g
o
n
e
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
s
i
n
I
ndone
s
i
a
,
w
hi
c
h
w
as
i
n
d
i
cat
ed
b
y
a s
m
al
l
er
av
er
ag
e r
o
o
t
m
e
an
s
q
u
ar
e
e
rro
r.
A
m
ong
f
iv
e
te
s
t
s
ite
s
,
th
e
I
T
U
-
R
m
ode
l
s
s
how
e
d good
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
t
t
w
o
l
oc
a
t
i
ons
,
n
am
el
y
K
ot
ot
a
ba
ng a
nd B
a
ndung.
F
r
om
t
he
s
e
t
w
o l
oc
a
t
i
on
s
,
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
r
e
tr
ie
v
e
d
b
y
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
8
37
-
6
w
as
ve
r
y s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o t
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
.
T
he
e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
w
as
s
m
al
l
er
at
l
ar
g
e
(
1
%
)
an
d
s
m
a
l
l
(
0.
001%
)
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
s
of
t
i
m
e ex
ceed
ed
,
a
t
w
hi
c
h t
hi
s
m
ode
l
pr
oduc
e
d
a l
ar
g
er
o
n
e
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
t
ha
n
t
h
e
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
.
A
l
t
hough t
he
e
r
r
or
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7 a
t
s
om
e
l
oc
a
t
i
ons
wa
s
l
a
r
g
er
t
h
an
t
ha
t
of
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6,
t
he
s
pa
t
i
a
l
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on of
r
a
i
nf
a
l
l
p
r
oduc
e
d
by t
hi
s
m
ode
l
w
as
cl
o
s
er
t
o
t
h
e p
at
t
er
n
d
e
mo
n
s
tr
a
te
d
b
y
r
e
c
e
n
t s
a
te
llite
p
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
me
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
s,
in
w
h
ic
h
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t a
mo
u
n
ts
o
f
p
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
co
n
cen
t
r
at
e
d
i
n t
he
c
oa
s
t
a
l
r
e
gi
on of
I
ndone
s
i
a
.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
i
on of
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll
r
a
te
f
r
o
m I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
,
w
hi
c
h
us
e
d
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e v
al
u
es
,
pr
oduc
e
d
a
br
oa
de
r
hi
gh
-
r
ai
n
f
al
l
i
n
t
en
s
i
t
y
ar
ea,
o
v
er
t
w
o
w
ar
m
o
cean
s
n
am
el
y
I
n
d
i
an
an
d
P
aci
f
i
c O
cean
s
,
i
n a
ddi
t
i
on t
o be
i
ng a
r
ound
t
h
e co
as
t
al
ar
ea.
M
o
d
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
o
f
IT
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
ng t
he
T
R
M
M
3A
25 a
nd 3
B
43 da
t
a
,
pr
ovi
de
d
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
,
w
hi
c
h c
oul
d
c
o
mp
e
te
w
ith
t
hos
e
de
r
i
ve
d f
r
om
t
h
e d
ef
au
l
t
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 a
nd I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
7
.
I
n
te
r
ms
o
f
th
e
s
im
ila
r
ity
o
f
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
in
f
a
ll r
a
te
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
w
ith
th
e
p
a
tte
r
n
d
e
mo
n
s
tr
a
te
d
b
y
r
e
c
e
n
t s
a
te
llite
p
r
e
c
ip
ita
tio
n
m
eas
u
r
em
en
t
s
,
th
e
mo
d
if
ie
d
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
837
-
6 us
i
n
g T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43 g
av
e
t
he
be
s
t
r
e
s
ul
t
s
.
F
u
r
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
T
R
M
M
3A
25+
3B
43 a
l
s
o
h
ad
th
e
s
ma
lle
s
t R
M
S
E
v
a
lu
e
w
h
e
n
it
w
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
ith
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on da
t
a
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
t
hi
s
s
t
udy i
ndi
c
a
t
e
d
th
a
t th
e
I
T
U
-
R
m
ode
l
co
u
l
d
n
o
t
accu
r
at
el
y
pr
e
di
c
t
one
-
min
u
te
r
a
i
n
f
a
ll r
a
te
s
at
al
l
l
o
cat
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
o
r
e ef
f
o
r
t
s
w
oul
d
ha
ve
t
o
be
de
vot
e
d
t
o i
m
p
r
ove
t
hi
s
m
ode
l
.
A
C
K
N
O
W
LED
G
EM
EN
TS
T
he
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
udy w
a
s
s
uppor
t
e
d by t
he
2019 B
a
s
i
c
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h G
r
a
nt
s
f
r
om
t
he
M
i
ni
s
t
r
y of
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
T
e
c
hnol
ogy a
nd
H
i
ghe
r
E
duc
a
t
i
on
(
C
ont
r
a
c
t
no:
T
/
3/
U
N
.
16.
17/
P
T
.
01
.
03/
P
D
-
K
e
be
nc
a
na
a
n/
2019)
.
T
he
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on of
t
he
O
R
G
a
nd P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
w
a
s
a
l
s
o s
uppor
t
e
d by R
I
S
H
,
K
yot
o U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y.
P
a
r
s
i
ve
l
obs
e
r
va
t
i
on a
t
P
ont
i
a
na
k w
a
s
s
uppor
t
e
d by
N
a
t
i
on
a
l
I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
of
A
e
r
ona
ut
i
c
s
a
nd S
pa
c
e
.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[1
]
I
TU
R
a
di
oc
om
m
un
ic
a
t
io
n S
e
c
tor
R
e
c
.
I
TU
-
R
P
.
8
3
7
-
6,
"
C
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
tic
s of
pr
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on f
or
pr
o
pa
ga
ti
on
m
o
de
l
li
n
g
,
"
G
e
n
e
v
a
(
S
wi
tz
e
r
la
nd)
: I
T
U,
20
12.
[2
]
A.
M
a
nha
l
,
e
t a
l.
,
"
A M
e
tho
do
lo
gy f
or
P
r
e
c
i
se
E
st
im
a
ti
on of
R
a
i
n A
tte
nua
ti
on o
n Te
r
r
e
s
tr
i
a
l M
i
ll
im
e
tr
e
W
a
ve
L
inks f
r
om
R
a
i
ndr
op S
i
z
e
D
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
”
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
T
e
le
c
o
mm
un
ic
a
ti
on C
o
mp
ut
in
g Ele
c
tr
o
nic
s
and C
on
tr
ol
,
v
ol.
17
,
no.
5
,
p
p.
21
39
-
21
46,
2
01
9.
[3
]
P
.
Ta
tte
lm
a
n
a
nd
K
.
G.
S
ch
arr,
"
A M
ode
l f
or
Es
ti
m
a
ti
ng O
ne
-
M
i
nu
te
R
a
inf
a
ll R
a
te
s
,
"
J
ou
rn
al
o
f Ap
p
lie
d
Me
te
or
ol
ogy
a
nd C
li
ma
to
lo
gy
,
vo
l.
22
,
pp
.
15
75
-
15
80
,
1
983.
[4
]
L.
Em
ilia
n
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Ana
l
ys
is a
nd P
a
r
a
m
e
te
r
iz
a
t
io
n of
M
e
th
od
ol
og
ie
s f
or
t
he
C
o
nve
r
si
on of
R
a
i
n R
a
te
C
um
ul
a
ti
ve
Dis
tr
i
bu
ti
on
s f
r
om
Va
r
io
us I
nte
gr
a
t
io
n T
im
e
s
t
o O
ne
M
inu
te
,
"
I
E
EE An
te
n
na
s
a
nd Pr
op
ag
at
io
n
M
ag
az
ine
,
vo
l.
5
,
pp.
70
-
84
,
20
09.
[5
]
C
.
C
a
pson
i
a
nd L
.
L
uini,
"
A
P
hys
ic
a
l
ly B
a
se
d
M
e
tho
d f
or
the
C
on
ve
r
s
io
n of
R
a
inf
a
ll
S
ta
ti
st
ic
s f
r
om
L
on
g to
S
ho
r
t
I
nte
gr
a
t
io
n
T
i
me
,
"
I
E
EE T
r
an
sac
ti
on
s o
n An
te
n
na
s a
nd
Pro
pa
ga
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
57
,
pp.
36
92
-
36
96
,
20
09
.
[6
]
R
.
K
.
C
ran
e,
"
P
r
e
dic
ti
on of
At
te
n
ua
t
io
n b
y R
a
in
,
"
I
EE
E T
r
a
nsa
c
t
io
ns o
n C
om
mu
ni
c
a
ti
ons,
v
ol.
2
9,
pp.
17
17
-
17
33
,
1
980
.
[7
]
F
.
M
oupf
ou
m
a
a
nd
M
a
r
tin
,
"
M
od
e
lling
of
th
e
R
a
in
f
a
ll
R
a
te
C
u
m
ula
tiv
e
Distr
ibution
f
or
the
D
e
sign
of
S
a
te
llit
e
a
nd
T
err
es
t
ri
al
C
o
m
mu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
ems
,
"
I
nt
e
rnational
J
ourn
al of
Sate
llite
C
ommunic
ations
,
vol.
13
,
pp.
105
-
115,
199
5.
[8
]
I
TU
R
a
d
ioc
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on
S
e
c
t
or
R
e
c
.
I
T
U
-
R
P
.
83
7
-
7
,
"
C
ha
r
a
c
te
r
i
st
ic
s
of
pr
e
c
i
pi
ta
t
io
n
f
or
pr
o
pa
ga
ti
on
m
o
de
l
i
ng
,
"
G
e
n
e
v
a
(
S
wi
tz
e
r
la
nd)
: I
T
U,
20
17
.
[9
]
T
. V
.
Om
ot
os
ho
a
nd C
.
O.
O
lu
wa
f
e
m
i,
"
On
e
-
m
in
ut
e
R
a
in
R
at
e
D
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on in Ni
ge
r
ia
D
er
i
v
e
d
fro
m T
R
MM
S
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
D
a
t
a
,
"
J
o
urn
al
of A
tm
os
ph
e
ri
c
an
d S
ol
ar
-
T
e
rre
str
ia
l
P
hy
s
ic
s
,
v
ol.
71
,
pp.
62
5
-
6
33
,
20
09
.
[
10]
M
.
A.
N.
Az
la
n,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
1
-
M
in
ute
I
n
te
gr
a
te
d R
a
in
R
at
e
S
ta
t
is
tic
s Es
tim
a
te
d
f
ro
m
Tr
o
pic
a
l R
a
inf
a
l
l M
e
a
sur
i
ng
M
iss
io
n Da
ta
,
"
I
EEE
An
te
n
na
s an
d W
ire
le
s
s Pr
op
ag
at
io
n L
e
tte
rs
,
pp
.
1
32
-
13
5
,
20
13
.
[
11]
L
.
M
e
yla
ni,
"
Ut
il
iz
a
t
io
n of
Tr
o
pic
a
l R
a
inf
a
l
l M
e
a
sur
in
g
M
iss
io
n S
a
te
ll
ite
D
a
ta
a
s I
TU
-
R
M
ode
l
I
np
ut to Es
tim
a
te
R
a
inf
a
ll R
a
te
in I
n
do
ne
s
ia
,
"
Bac
he
l
or
t
he
s
is
,
20
17
.
[
12]
R
.
Okta
via
ni
a
n
d
Marzu
k
i
,
"
Es
ti
m
a
ti
o
n of
R
a
in
f
a
l
l
R
a
te
C
um
ula
ti
ve
D
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on
in
I
nd
on
e
si
a
Us
in
g
Glo
b
a
l
S
a
te
l
li
te
M
a
pp
in
g of
P
r
e
c
i
pi
ta
t
io
n Da
ta
"
,
K
nE E
ng
ine
e
ri
ng
,
pp.
25
9
-
26
5
,
20
19
.
[
13]
Marzu
k
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
One
-
M
in
ute
R
a
in
R
a
te
Di
str
ib
ut
io
n i
n I
ndo
ne
sia
De
r
iv
e
d f
r
om
TR
M
M
,
G
P
M
,
a
nd G
S
M
AP
Da
t
a
,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
gs P
ro
gre
ss
in
E
le
c
t
ro
ma
gne
tic
s Re
se
a
rc
h Sy
mp
osi
um
,
p
p.
21
34
-
2
13
8,
20
18.
[
14]
L.
L
uini,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
R
a
inf
a
l
l
Ra
t
e
P
r
e
dic
ti
on
fo
r
P
r
o
pa
ga
ti
o
n
A
pp
li
c
a
t
io
ns
: M
ode
l
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
t
R
e
g
io
na
l
L
e
v
e
l
o
v
e
r
Irel
an
d
,
"
I
EEE T
r
an
sac
ti
on
s o
n An
te
nn
as a
nd
Pro
pa
ga
ti
on
,
vo
l.
65
,
p
p
.
61
85
-
61
89
,
20
17
.
[
15]
S
. M
o
r
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Diur
na
l L
a
ndse
a
R
a
inf
a
ll P
e
a
k
M
igr
a
ti
on ove
r
S
um
a
te
r
a
I
sla
nd,
I
nd
one
sia
n M
a
r
it
i
m
e
C
ont
in
e
n
t,
Ob
se
r
v
e
d
by
TR
M
M
S
a
te
l
li
te
a
n
d I
nte
ns
ive
R
a
wi
ns
on
de
S
o
un
di
ng
s
,
"
M
on
th
ly
We
at
he
r
Re
v
i
e
w
,
vol.
1
32,
p
p.
20
21
-
2
03
9,
20
04.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
C
om
put
E
l
C
ont
r
o
l
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on U
ni
on
-
R
adi
oc
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on Se
c
t
or
(
I
T
U
-
R
)
P
.
837
-
6 and
…
(
M
a
rzu
k
i
)
2301
[
16]
Marzu
k
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
um
ula
ti
ve
D
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on
s of
R
a
i
nf
a
l
l R
a
te
o
v
er S
u
mat
ra
,
"
Pr
og
re
s
s
in
El
e
c
t
ro
ma
gne
tic
s Re
se
a
rc
h
M
,
vo
l.
49
, p
p
.
1
-
8
,
20
16.
[
17]
Marzu
k
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
loud
E
pi
so
de
P
r
opa
ga
t
io
n ove
r
the
I
nd
one
sia
n M
a
r
it
im
e
C
on
ti
ne
n
t f
r
om
10 y
e
a
r
s of
In
fra
re
d
B
r
igh
tn
e
ss Te
m
pe
r
a
tur
e
O
b
se
r
va
ti
on
s
,
"
Atm
os
phe
ric
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
vo
ls
.
1
20
-
1
21,
p
p.
26
8
-
2
86,
2
01
3.
[
18]
Marzu
k
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
C
loud S
ta
t
is
tic
s ove
r
t
he
I
nd
one
sia
n M
a
r
it
im
e
C
ont
in
e
n
t dur
i
ng t
he
F
ir
s
t a
nd t
he
S
e
c
on
d C
P
E
A
C
a
m
p
a
ig
ns
,
"
Atm
os
phe
ric
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
vo
l.
1
89
,
pp.
99
-
110
,
201
7.
[
19]
S
.
Ogi
no,
e
t a
l.
,
"
How M
uc
h is the
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on Am
o
u
nt
o
ve
r
t
he
Tr
op
ic
a
l C
oa
s
ta
l R
e
gi
on?
,
"
J
o
ur
na
l o
f C
l
im
ate
,
vol.
29
, p
p
.
12
31
-
12
36
,
20
16
.
[
20]
G.
H
u
ffman
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
The
TR
M
M
M
ulti
-
sa
te
l
li
te
P
r
e
c
ip
it
a
ti
on Ana
ly
si
s: Q
ua
s
i
-
g
lo
ba
l,
M
ul
ti
-
y
e
a
r
,
C
om
bi
ne
d
-
s
e
ns
or
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on
E
st
im
a
te
s a
t
F
in
e
S
c
a
l
e
,
"
J
ou
rn
al of
Hy
dr
o
me
te
or
,
v
ol.
8
,
pp
.
38
-
55
,
20
07
.
[
21]
K.
Om
o
to
sh
o,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
he
G
lo
ba
l S
a
te
l
li
te
M
a
pp
in
g of
P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on (
G
S
M
a
P
)
P
r
o
je
c
t
,
"
25
th
I
GA
RS
S Pr
oc
e
e
d
i
ngs
,
pp.
34
14
-
3
41
6,
20
05.
[
22]
G
.
S
.
Ja
c
kson,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
The
G
l
oba
l P
r
e
c
ip
ita
ti
on M
e
a
sur
e
m
e
nt (
G
P
M
)
M
is
si
on f
or
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
n
d S
oc
ie
t
y
,
"
B
u
ll
e
ti
n of
the
A
me
r
ic
a
n Me
te
o
ro
lo
gic
al S
oc
ie
ty
,
vo
l.
98,
p
p.
16
79
-
169
5,
20
17
.
[
23]
M
.
M
a
r
z
uki,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
R
e
gio
na
l
V
a
r
ia
b
il
it
y of
R
a
i
ndr
op
S
i
z
e
D
is
tr
i
bu
ti
on o
ve
r
I
nd
one
si
a
,
"
Ann
ale
s
Ge
o
phy
si
c
ae
,
vol.
31
,
pp.
19
41
-
19
48
,
20
13
.
[
24]
M.
Juy,
et
al
.
,
"
S
at
el
li
te
Ea
r
t
h pa
th a
tte
nua
ti
on a
t
11 G
Hz
i
n I
nd
one
sia
,
"
Ele
c
tr
on
ic
s L
e
t
te
r
s
,
vo
l.
26
,
pp
.
14
04
-
14
06
,
19
90
.
[
25]
I
nte
r
na
t
io
na
l Te
le
c
om
m
u
nic
a
ti
on Un
io
n.
I
T
U
-
R DB
SG
3
We
bs
ite
.
[
on
li
ne
]
.
Ava
ila
ble
a
t
:
ht
tp
:/
/sa
r
um
a
n.
e
ste
c
.
e
s
a
.
nl/
dbs
g3
/l
og
in.
js
p
.
[
26]
L.
Li
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
"
C
om
pa
r
a
ti
ve
S
tu
dy o
n R
a
i
nf
a
l
l R
a
te
D
igi
ta
l M
a
p in C
h
ina
L
a
n
d Ar
e
a
,
"
201
8 12
th I
nte
rn
at
io
na
l
Sy
m
po
si
um o
n A
nte
nn
as,
P
ro
pa
ga
ti
on a
nd
EM T
he
ory
(
I
SA
PE)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
20
18.
[
27]
H.
A.
Da
f
da
a
nd G
.
K.
M
a
r
a
dia
,
"
A
n
ove
l
M
e
t
ho
d f
or
E
s
tim
a
ti
on of
R
a
inf
a
ll
A
tt
e
nu
a
ti
on
U
s
in
g
C
o
a
r
s
e
R
a
inf
a
ll
D
a
t
a
a
n
d
P
r
o
po
sa
l of
M
od
if
ie
d I
TU
-R
R
a
in
M
o
de
l f
or
I
ndi
a
,
"
SN
App
lie
d Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
vo
l.
1,
pp.
3
79,
2
01
9.
B
I
OGR
A
P
HI
E
S
OF
A
U
T
HOR
S
M
a
r
z
uk
i
(
c
or
r
e
sp
on
di
ng
a
u
th
or
)
wa
s b
or
n
i
n Ka
m
pa
r
,
I
ndo
ne
sia
,
i
n
19
79.
He
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
Eng a
n
d Dr
.
te
c
h
n in r
e
m
o
te
se
nsi
ng f
or
a
t
m
osp
he
r
e
o
bse
r
va
t
io
n,
r
a
da
r
a
nd
m
ic
r
o
wa
ve
wa
ve
pr
opa
ga
t
io
n i
n
20
05 a
nd
2
01
1,
b
ot
h f
r
om
S
h
im
a
ne
U
niv
e
r
s
it
y,
Ja
pa
n,
a
nd
Te
c
h
nic
a
l Uni
ve
r
s
it
y of
G
r
a
z
,
Austr
ia
,
r
e
spe
c
ti
ve
l
y.
C
ur
r
e
n
tl
y,
he
is wit
h the
De
p
t.
of
P
hys
ic
s,
An
da
la
s
Un
ive
r
si
ty,
a
s a
n a
ss
oc
ia
te
pr
of
e
ss
or
.
His
r
e
se
a
r
c
h i
nte
r
e
st
s
inc
lu
de
r
a
da
r
m
e
te
or
ol
og
y,
a
tm
o
sp
he
r
ic
p
hy
sic
s,
tr
op
ic
a
l m
e
te
or
o
log
y a
nd e
le
c
tr
om
a
g
ne
t
ic
wa
ve
pr
o
pa
ga
ti
on.
De
a K
u
r
n
ia
H
ar
y
san
d
i
wa
s
bor
n i
n D
ur
i,
I
nd
one
sia
,
in
19
97.
He
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
hi
s B
.
S
c
.
i
n
phy
si
c
s
f
r
om
An
da
la
s
Un
ive
r
si
ty in
2
01
9.
Rin
i O
k
t
av
ian
i
wa
s b
or
n i
n B
u
ki
tt
in
gg
i,
I
nd
one
sia
,
i
n 19
96.
S
he
r
e
c
e
ive
d he
r
B
.
S
c
.
i
n
phy
si
c
s f
r
om
A
nda
la
s U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y in 2
01
8.
S
he
is wor
k
i
ng t
owa
r
ds M
.
S
c
.
de
gr
e
e
in P
h
ys
ic
s
wit
h t
he
De
pt.
of
P
h
ys
ic
s,
A
nda
la
s
Un
ive
r
si
ty.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.