T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
11
69
~
117
5
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
3
.
14313
1169
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
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E
L
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OM
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a
y
s
i
a
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Oc
t
12
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
F
e
b
1
,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
F
e
b
17
,
2020
A
s
i
m
p
l
e
co
m
p
act
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
ci
rc
u
l
a
rl
y
p
o
l
ari
ze
d
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a,
w
h
i
ch
c
o
mp
r
i
s
e
s
a
s
i
mp
l
e
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e,
a
mo
d
i
fi
e
d
g
ro
u
n
d
p
l
an
e
w
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h
an
i
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l
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t
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n
g
t
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i
an
g
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l
ar
s
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b
an
d
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w
o
as
y
mme
t
ri
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l
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ec
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ed
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-
s
h
a
p
ed
p
aras
i
t
i
c
s
t
ri
p
s
,
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s
p
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o
p
o
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e
d
.
Si
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
re
s
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l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
t
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e
p
ro
p
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s
ed
co
mp
ac
t
an
t
en
n
a
(0
.
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2
λ
o
×
0
.
6
8
λ
o
)
ac
h
i
e
v
es
a
1
0
-
d
B
i
mp
ed
a
n
ce
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(IBW
)
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f
1
1
1
%
(
1
.
7
t
o
5
.
9
5
G
H
z)
a
n
d
a
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-
d
B
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al
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t
i
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b
an
d
w
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h
(
A
RBW
)
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f
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1
%
(3
.
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–
6
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2
G
H
z)
w
i
t
h
a
p
eak
g
a
i
n
b
e
t
w
ee
n
2
.
9
–
4
d
Bi
fo
r
t
h
e
en
t
i
re
A
RBW
.
W
i
t
h
i
t
s
b
ro
a
d
IBW
a
n
d
A
RBW
,
c
o
mp
ac
t
s
i
ze
an
d
s
i
m
p
l
e
s
t
r
u
ct
u
re,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
t
en
n
a
i
s
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
fo
r
d
i
ffere
n
t
w
i
re
l
es
s
co
mmu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Axia
l
r
a
ti
o
(
AR
)
B
r
oa
dba
nd
a
ntenna
C
ir
c
ular
ly
polar
is
e
d
(
C
P
)
M
onopole
a
ntenna
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
s
:
Hus
s
e
in
Als
a
r
ier
a
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
onic
a
nd
C
omput
e
r
E
nginee
r
i
ng,
Unive
r
s
it
y
T
e
knikal
M
a
lays
ia
M
e
laka
(
UT
e
M
)
,
J
a
lan
Ha
ng
T
ua
h
J
a
ya
,
76100
Du
r
ian
T
ungga
l,
M
e
laka
,
M
a
lays
ia.
E
mail
:
hus
s
e
inals
a
r
e
ir
a
@gmail.
c
om
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
P
r
int
e
d
monopol
e
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
wide
ly
us
e
d
in
mo
de
r
n
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
due
to
it
s
a
tt
r
a
c
ti
ve
f
e
a
tur
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
s
mall
s
ize
,
low
pr
o
f
il
e
,
e
a
s
y
f
a
br
ica
ti
on,
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
nd
a
bil
i
ty
to
pr
ovide
wide
or
b
r
oa
d
ba
ndwidth
[1
–
7]
.
M
ode
r
n
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
r
e
quir
e
c
ir
c
ular
polar
is
a
ti
on
(
C
P
)
mo
r
e
than
li
ne
a
r
polar
is
a
ti
on
(
L
P
)
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
wh
e
n
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iver
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
not
in
pol
a
r
is
a
ti
on
a
li
gnment,
be
c
a
us
e
a
c
ir
c
ular
ly
po
lar
is
e
d
a
ntenn
a
c
a
n
r
e
duc
e
the
mi
s
matc
h
be
twe
e
n
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iver
.
T
his
s
c
e
na
r
io
c
a
n
mi
nim
is
e
the
F
a
r
a
da
y
r
otation
e
f
f
e
c
t
to
pr
ovide
a
s
table
c
omm
un
ica
ti
on
li
nk
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
te
the
mul
t
ipath
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
[8
–
1
5]
.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l,
C
P
is
ge
ne
r
a
ted
by
two
or
thogonal
e
lec
tr
ic
f
ield
c
omponents
,
na
mely,
hor
izonta
l
(
E
H
o
r
)
a
nd
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
(
E
V
e
r
)
e
lec
tr
i
c
f
ield
c
omponents
,
w
hich
ha
ve
e
qua
l
a
mpl
it
ude
s
a
nd
a
90°
pha
s
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
r
a
diation
of
a
tr
a
dit
ional
monopol
e
a
ntenna
is
L
P
due
to
the
we
a
k
r
a
diation
in
the
ho
r
izonta
l
c
omponent.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
s
e
ve
r
a
l
tec
hniques
ha
ve
be
e
n
pr
opos
e
d
in
[
16
–
24]
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
C
P
ope
r
a
ti
on.
C
P
wa
s
a
c
hieve
d
in
[
16]
by
c
oupli
ng
a
r
e
c
tangu
lar
ope
n
pa
tch
with
a
n
inver
ted
C
-
s
ha
pe
d
monopol
e
in
a
ddit
ion
to
plac
ing
a
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
r
e
c
tangula
r
s
tub
on
the
gr
ound
p
l
a
ne
.
C
P
wa
s
a
c
hieve
d
us
ing
a
s
im
ple
monopol
e
a
n
d
plac
ing
a
n
inver
ted
L
-
s
tr
ip
on
the
r
ight
c
oplana
r
wa
ve
guide
(
C
P
W
)
gr
ound
in
[
17]
.
A
c
ompac
t
a
ntenna
s
ize
wa
s
of
f
e
r
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
11
69
-
117
5
1170
by
pr
e
vious
de
s
igns
in
[
14
,
15]
,
but
s
e
ve
r
a
l
pr
int
e
d
C
P
br
oa
dba
nd
a
ntenna
s
we
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
[
18
–
2
2]
due
to
the
na
r
r
ow
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidth
(
I
B
W
)
a
nd
a
xial
-
r
a
ti
o
ba
ndwidth
(
AR
B
W
)
a
mongs
t
them
[
14
,
15
]
.
I
n
[
18
]
,
a
C
-
s
ha
p
e
d
monopol
e
wa
s
modi
f
ied
in
the
g
r
ound
p
lane
by
plac
ing
two
tr
iangula
r
s
tubs
a
nd
a
s
im
ple
m
onopole
a
ntenna
c
oupled
with
two
s
pir
a
l
s
tr
ips
[
19
]
,
a
n
inver
ted
s
tr
ip
with
a
n
ope
n
s
lot
in
the
m
iddl
e
of
the
gr
ound
plane
[
20]
,
a
s
im
ple
r
a
diato
r
with
t
wo
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
ope
n
loops
.
T
he
modi
f
ica
ti
on
a
ls
o
invol
ve
d
im
pr
oving
the
gr
ound
plane
with
hor
izonta
l
a
nd
ve
r
ti
c
a
l
s
lot
s
[
21]
,
a
r
e
c
tangula
r
monopol
e
a
nd
a
n
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ica
l
gr
ound
plane
in
[
22]
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
pr
in
ted
mono
pole
a
nten
na
s
in
[
18
–
22]
ha
d
b
r
oa
d
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
,
but
the
ba
ndwidth
e
xtens
ion
wa
s
a
c
hieve
d
by
e
xtendin
g
the
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
dim
e
ns
ions
.
T
o
a
c
hieve
br
oa
d
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
with
a
c
ompac
t
a
ntenna
s
ize
,
[
23]
pr
e
s
e
nted
s
e
ve
r
a
l
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
de
s
igns
.
An
inver
ted
L
-
s
ha
p
e
d
f
e
e
ding
with
a
hook
-
s
ha
p
e
d
gr
ound
[
23
–
26]
,
a
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
G
-
s
ha
pe
d
s
tr
ip
c
oupled
with
a
n
inver
ted
C
-
s
ha
pe
d
[
24]
a
nd
P
-
s
ha
pe
d
monopol
e
c
oupled
with
a
s
ingl
e
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ip
i
mpr
ove
d
the
gr
ound
plane
with
a
r
e
c
tangula
r
ho
r
izonta
l
s
tub
[
25]
.
A
c
oin
-
s
ha
pe
d
r
a
diator
with
a
n
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ic
C
P
W
-
f
e
d
gr
ound
plane
[
26]
wa
s
obs
e
r
ve
d.
P
r
e
vious
de
s
igns
with
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
we
r
e
obtaine
d
in
c
ompac
t
s
ize
s
.
Ne
ve
r
thele
s
s
,
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
mus
t
be
im
pr
ove
d
to
c
ove
r
mos
t
o
f
wi
r
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
.
I
n
th
is
s
tudy,
a
s
im
ple
b
r
oa
dba
nd
C
P
monopol
e
a
nten
na
is
p
r
opos
e
d.
W
it
h
a
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ip,
a
br
oa
d
I
B
W
is
a
c
hieve
d
be
s
ide
the
dr
opdown
whole
of
AR
va
lues
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
C
P
ba
nd
is
obtaine
d
by
plac
ing
a
tr
iangula
r
s
tub
on
the
r
ight
s
ide
of
the
gr
ound
plane
f
o
r
f
ur
the
r
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
e
nha
nc
e
ment.
T
he
n,
a
s
lot
is
i
nt
r
oduc
e
d
in
the
tr
iangula
r
s
tub
.
T
he
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
ntenna
ha
s
a
n
I
B
W
o
f
111%
(
1
.
7
–
5.
95
GH
z
)
a
nd
a
n
AR
B
W
of
61
%
(
3.
3
–
6.
2
GH
z
)
.
2.
AN
T
E
NN
A
DE
S
I
GN
AN
D
AN
AL
YSI
S
2.
1.
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
d
e
s
ign
F
igur
e
1
s
hows
the
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
o
f
the
de
s
igne
d
pr
int
e
d
C
P
a
ntenna
.
T
he
a
ntenn
a
is
pr
int
e
d
a
t
the
top
of
a
50×
55
mm
2
F
R
4
s
ubs
tr
a
te
with
a
1
.
6
m
m
thi
c
kne
s
s
,
a
4.
4
diele
c
tr
ic
c
ons
tant
a
nd
a
0.
02
los
s
tange
nt.
T
he
a
ntenna
is
f
e
d
wi
th
a
50
Ω
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
t
r
a
n
s
mi
s
s
ion
li
ne
with
width
wf
1
a
nd
length
lf
1
.
I
m
pe
da
nc
e
tr
a
ns
f
or
mation
is
a
ppli
e
d
with
wf
2
a
nd
lf
2
dim
e
n
s
ions
to
obtain
good
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
is
ba
s
e
d
on
s
im
ple
s
tr
a
ight
-
li
ne
monopol
e
r
a
diator
,
a
modi
f
ied
gr
ound
plane
a
nd
two
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ica
ll
y
c
onne
c
ted
U
-
s
ha
pe
d
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ips
(
C
USP
S
)
.
T
a
ble
1
li
s
ts
a
ll
the
opti
mi
s
e
d
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
c
c
or
ding
to
C
S
T
mi
c
r
owa
ve
s
tudi
o
.
F
ig
ur
e
1.
P
r
o
tot
ype
of
pr
opos
e
d
pr
int
e
d
C
P
a
ntenn
a
;
(
a
)
P
a
r
a
mete
r
ize
d
f
r
ont
view
(
b)
pa
r
a
mete
r
ize
d
ba
c
k
view
(
c
)
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
ti
ona
l
view
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
op
ti
mi
z
e
d
dim
e
ns
ions
of
pr
opos
e
d
a
n
tenna
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
V
a
lu
e
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
va
lu
e
pa
r
a
me
te
r
va
lu
e
W
55
wt
1
30
lp
2
27
L
50
wt
2
19
lp
3
18.5
wf
1
2.2
wt
3
7.7
lp
4
17
wf
2
0.65
w
s
25
lp
5
20
wp
1
5
g
5
lt
1
7
wp
2
7
lf
1
10
lt
2
4.2
wp
3
8
lf
2
22
lt
3
1.8
wp
4
3
l
g
16.5
lc
13
wp
5
5
lp
1
27.5
l
h
22.5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Simple
br
oadband
c
ir
c
ular
ly
polar
iz
e
d
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
…
(
Hus
s
e
in
A
ls
ar
ier
a
)
1171
2.
2.
Ant
e
n
n
a
d
e
ve
lop
m
e
n
t
s
t
e
p
s
F
our
pr
otot
ype
s
(
Ants
.
1
to
Ant.
4
)
a
r
e
il
lus
tr
a
t
e
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
2
to
e
xplain
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
s
teps
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
,
.
S
11
a
nd
AR
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
a
ls
o
de
picte
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
3.
Ant.
1,
whic
h
is
a
s
tr
a
ight
-
li
ne
monopol
e
with
dua
l
width
a
nd
a
ppr
o
xim
a
tely
qua
r
ter
wa
ve
length
length
,
is
pr
opos
e
d
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
the
f
unda
menta
l
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
a
t
c
e
ntr
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
3
.
8
GH
z
)
,
a
s
s
hown
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
a
)
.
T
he
a
ntenna
r
a
d
iate
s
L
P
wa
ve
s
in
thi
s
s
tep
in
whic
h
the
AR
va
lues
a
r
e
lar
ge
(
>
15
dB
)
.
F
igur
e
3
(
b)
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
f
ter
the
C
USP
S
in
Ant.
2.
Almos
t
a
ll
I
B
W
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
im
pr
ove
d,
e
s
pe
c
ially
a
t
the
low
a
nd
mi
d
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
a
s
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
a
)
.
T
hus
,
a
n
im
pr
ove
ment
f
or
AR
B
W
is
a
c
hieve
d.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
AR
va
lues
r
e
main
lar
ge
(
>
7
dB
)
;
thus
,
the
r
a
diation
of
Ant.
2
is
L
P
in
the
e
nti
r
e
ba
n
d.
F
ig
ur
e
2
.
F
our
s
teps
in
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
o
f
the
pr
o
pos
e
d
a
ntenna
F
ig
ur
e
3
.
S
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
s
of
Ant.
1
to
Ant
.
4:
(
a
)
S
11
,
(
b)
AR
A
tr
iangula
r
s
tub
with
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ic
lengths
is
int
r
oduc
e
d
to
the
g
r
ound
plane
in
Ant.
3
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
the
f
unda
menta
l
C
P
ba
nd
with
AR
B
W
(
3
.
7
–
5.
9
G
Hz
)
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
b
)
.
T
his
e
nha
nc
e
ment
i
s
due
t
o
the
incr
e
a
s
e
in
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
pa
ths
in
ho
r
izonta
l
c
omponents
a
nd
a
n
im
pr
ove
ment
f
or
im
pe
da
nc
e
ma
tching
in
the
e
nti
r
e
I
B
W
.
An
ope
ning
r
e
c
tangula
r
s
li
t
in
the
tr
iangula
r
s
tub
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
to
obtaining
a
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
a
mpl
it
ude
of
two
or
thogonal
mode
s
(
E
H
o
r
a
n
d
E
V
e
r
)
with
a
maintaining
c
or
r
e
c
t
pha
s
e
de
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(
90°)
.
I
n
the
im
pr
ove
ment
of
the
C
P
ba
nd
a
t
lowe
r
a
nd
uppe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
the
AR
B
W
is
e
xtende
d
to
be
c
ome
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
11
69
-
117
5
1172
(
3.
3
–
6.
2GH
z
)
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
b)
.
F
igur
e
3
(
a
)
s
hows
that
thi
s
s
li
t
f
a
c
il
it
a
tes
the
im
p
r
ov
e
ment
in
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
a
t
uppe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
2.
3.
P
ar
a
m
e
t
r
ic
s
t
u
d
y
T
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
the
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
r
it
ica
l
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
on
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
,
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
s
tudy
on
thr
e
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
(
l
f
2
,
g
,
lt
1
)
.
T
he
method
o
f
pa
r
a
metr
ic
s
tudy
is
ba
s
e
d
on
[
27
–
3
3
]
.
2.
3.
1.
E
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
u
p
p
e
r
p
ar
t
lengt
h
of
f
e
e
d
li
n
e
lf
2
F
igur
e
4
de
picts
the
inf
luenc
e
s
o
f
the
uppe
r
pa
r
t
l
e
ngth
on
a
ntenna
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
whe
n
lf
2
=
21
mm
.
T
he
I
B
W
a
t
uppe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
tend
to
be
c
ome
br
oa
de
r
a
s
length
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
a
n
im
pr
ov
e
ment
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
a
t
the
c
e
ntr
e
a
nd
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
;
howe
ve
r
,
the
S
11
va
lues
a
t
the
4
–
5
.
5
GH
z
r
a
nge
de
ter
io
r
a
tes
whe
n
lf
2
=
23
mm
.
T
he
a
ntenna
los
e
s
I
B
W
in
ba
ndwidths
r
a
nging
f
r
om
5
.
5
GH
z
to
6
GH
z
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
the
S
11
va
lues
a
t
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
de
ter
ior
a
te;
whe
r
e
a
s
,
the
va
r
i
a
ti
on
of
lf
2
ha
s
mi
nim
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
ts
on
AR
va
lues
.
T
he
va
lue
of
22
mm
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
to
pr
ovide
the
opti
mal
r
e
s
ult
.
F
igur
e
4.
Va
r
iation
of
S
11
a
nd
AR
with
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
l
f2
:
(
a
)
S
11
a
nd
(
b
)
AR
2.
3.
2.
E
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
locat
ion
o
f
p
ar
as
it
ic
s
t
r
ip
(
CU
S
P
S
)
(
g
)
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
is
inves
ti
ga
ted
with
c
ha
nging
ga
p
(
g)
be
twe
e
n
the
gr
ound
p
lane
a
nd
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ip.
T
he
va
r
iation
of
the
g
va
lue
play
s
a
n
im
por
tant
r
ole
on
both
a
ntenna
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
(
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
)
whe
n
g
=
4
mm
.
An
im
p
r
ove
ment
on
I
B
W
a
t
the
lowe
r
a
nd
mi
ddle
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
c
a
n
be
a
c
hieve
d.
T
he
I
B
W
is
a
f
f
e
c
ted
a
t
the
uppe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
n
d,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
5
(
a
)
.
AR
is
s
tr
ongly
a
f
f
e
c
ted
with
the
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
g
,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
e
nlar
ge
d
AR
B
W
(
f
r
om
3.
2
–
6.
2
GH
z
to
2
.
9
–
6.
5
GH
z
)
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
5
(
b)
.
W
he
n
g
=
6
mm
,
the
S
11
va
lues
de
te
r
ior
a
te
a
t
lo
we
r
a
nd
mi
d
ba
nd
,
but
the
S
11
va
lues
a
t
uppe
r
b
a
nd
ha
ve
im
pr
ove
d,
a
s
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
(
a
)
.
I
nc
r
e
a
s
ing
g
s
hr
inks
the
AR
B
W
a
nd
AR
va
lue
s
a
t
mi
d
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
ies
a
nd
be
c
ome
c
los
e
to
3dB
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
5
(
b)
.
A
va
lue
of
5
m
m
is
maintaine
d
to
obtain
the
br
oa
de
s
t
AR
B
W
a
nd
opti
mal
I
B
W
r
e
s
ult
.
F
igur
e
5
.
Va
r
iation
of
S
11
a
nd
AR
with
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
g
:
(
a
)
S
11
a
nd
(
b
)
AR
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Simple
br
oadband
c
ir
c
ular
ly
polar
iz
e
d
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
…
(
Hus
s
e
in
A
ls
ar
ier
a
)
1173
2.
3.
3.
E
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
r
ian
gu
lar
leng
t
h
lt
1
F
igur
e
6
s
hows
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
tr
iangula
r
lengt
h
lt
1
on
a
ntenna
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
(
S
11
a
nd
AR
)
.
F
igur
e
6
(
a
)
s
hows
that
a
s
the
t
r
iangula
r
length
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
the
S
11
va
lues
a
t
the
mi
d
ba
nd
im
p
r
ove
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
6
(
b)
s
hows
that
the
S
11
va
lues
a
t
the
lowe
r
a
nd
uppe
r
ba
nds
wor
s
e
n,
a
nd
the
I
B
W
s
li
ghtl
y
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
he
A
R
va
lues
a
r
e
a
ls
o
f
ound
to
be
s
e
ns
it
ive
with
va
r
iations
o
f
t
he
tr
iangula
r
length.
De
c
r
e
a
s
ing
the
lt
1
a
ls
o
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
the
AR
B
W
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
whe
n
the
t
r
iangula
r
length
lt
1
is
tuned,
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
c
a
n
be
c
ontr
oll
e
d.
T
he
opti
mal
va
lue
f
or
tr
iangula
r
length
lt
1
is
7
mm
.
F
igur
e
6.
Va
r
iation
of
S
11
a
nd
AR
with
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
l
t1
:
(
a
)
S
11
a
nd
(
b
)
AR
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ONS
T
he
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
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mi
s
e
d
dim
e
ns
ions
in
T
a
ble
1
is
inves
ti
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ted
thr
ough
the
s
tage
s
of
a
ntenna
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
s
s
hown
in
F
ig
ur
e
2
a
nd
a
pa
r
a
metr
ic
s
tudy
(
2
.
3
)
.
F
igu
r
e
7
s
hows
the
f
inal
s
i
mul
a
ti
on
r
e
s
ult
s
,
that
is
,
a
n
I
B
W
of
111%
(
1
.
7
–
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95
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z
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F
igur
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8
s
hows
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s
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ulate
d
AR
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ga
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e
s
ult
s
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h
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z
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.
T
he
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im
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pe
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n
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9
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4
dB
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ined
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he
nc
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s
im
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ga
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4
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a
t
5.
4
GH
z
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F
igur
e
7.
T
he
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
de
s
igned
a
nt
e
nna
:
(
a
)
S
11
a
nd
(
b)
AR
a
nd
ga
in
F
igur
e
8
de
picts
the
s
im
ulate
d
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
in
the
XZ
(
φ
=
0°)
plane
a
nd
YZ
(
φ
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90°)
o
f
the
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opos
e
d
a
ntenna
a
t
thr
e
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
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GH
z
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d
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nna
c
a
n
r
a
diate
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P
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ve
s
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r
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c
ti
ona
l
r
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wo
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s
e
ns
e
r
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diations
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na
mely,
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ight
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nd
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ir
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ular
polar
is
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ti
on
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R
HC
P
)
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nd
lef
t
ha
nd
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ir
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ula
r
polar
is
a
ti
on
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L
HC
P
)
a
t
both
s
ides
a
r
e
ge
ne
r
a
ted
.
T
he
a
ntenna
r
a
diate
s
a
n
R
HC
P
wa
ve
towa
r
ds
the
+
z
dir
e
c
ti
on
a
nd
a
n
L
HC
P
in
the
−
z
dir
e
c
ti
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
11
69
-
117
5
1174
F
igur
e
8.
S
im
ulate
d
r
a
diation
pa
t
ter
ns
a
t
(
a
)
3
.
5,
(
b
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4.
8
a
nd
(
c
)
5
.
8
GHz
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
A
br
oa
dba
nd
C
P
monopol
e
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ntenna
with
wide
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
,
s
im
ple
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s
ign
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nd
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ompac
t
s
ize
is
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s
igned
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nd
inves
ti
ga
ted
by
c
oupli
ng
the
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ip
with
a
modi
f
ied
g
r
ound
plane
a
nd
i
mpl
e
me
nti
ng
a
tr
iangula
r
s
tub.
A
wide
C
P
ba
nd
is
a
c
hieve
d
with
tot
a
l
dim
e
ns
ions
of
0.
62λ
o
×
0.
68λ
o
.
T
he
s
im
ula
ted
I
B
W
a
nd
AR
B
W
a
r
e
a
t
111%
(
1
.
7
–
5.
95
GH
z
)
a
nd
61
%
(
3
.
3
–
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2
GH
z
)
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
.
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he
pr
opos
e
d
a
nt
e
nna
c
a
n
pr
ovide
a
bidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
r
a
diation
with
s
ymm
e
tr
y
w
a
ve
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
is
s
uit
a
ble
f
or
many
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
,
e
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pe
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ially
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les
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s
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uc
h
a
s
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L
AN
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iM
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E
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ue
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s
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ompac
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ize
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it
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om
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ides
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AC
KNOWL
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.
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0
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
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lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
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Simple
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oadband
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ir
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ular
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l
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.
9
0
2
–
9
0
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
Iq
b
a
l
J
.
,
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l
a
h
i
U
.
,
Su
l
ai
ma
n
M.
I.
,
A
l
am
M.
,
Mazl
i
h
am
M.
S.
,
D
i
n
g
L
.
S.
,
"
Mu
t
u
al
co
u
p
l
i
n
g
red
u
ct
i
o
n
i
n
ci
rcu
l
arl
y
p
o
l
ar
i
zed
d
i
el
ec
t
ri
c
re
s
o
n
at
o
r
MIMO
an
t
en
n
a
,
"
In
d
o
n
es
.
J.
E
l
ect
r
.
E
n
g
.
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o
m
p
u
t
.
S
c
i
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
–
2
7
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
Is
l
am
M.
T
.
,
Mi
s
ran
N
.
,
Sh
ak
i
b
M.
N
.
,
Z
amri
M.
N.
A.
,
"
Ci
rcu
l
ar
l
y
Po
l
ari
ze
d
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
p
a
t
ch
an
t
en
n
a
,
"
In
d
o
n
es
.
J.
E
l
ec
t
r
.
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n
g
.
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m
p
u
t
.
S
c
i
.
,
vol.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
–
3
6
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
A
l
h
eg
az
i
A
.
,
Z
ak
ari
a
Z
.
,
Sh
ai
ri
N
.
A
.
,
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l
eh
A
.
,
A
h
me
d
S.
,
"
A
n
t
en
a
U
W
B
ze
zi
n
t
eg
r
o
w
a
n
y
m
f
i
l
t
rem
d
o
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e
l
ek
t
y
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n
eg
o
u
s
u
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n
i
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ra
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o
p
a
s
ma
,
"
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r
z
.
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l
ekt
r
o
t
ech
n
i
c
z
n
y
,
v
o
l
.
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2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
–
2
2
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
A
l
h
eg
az
i
A
.
,
Z
ak
ari
a
Z
.
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ai
r
i
N
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ra
h
i
m
I.
M.
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A
h
med
S.
,
"
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n
o
v
el
rec
o
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
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B
fi
l
t
er
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n
g
-
an
t
en
n
a
w
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t
h
d
u
a
l
s
h
ar
p
b
a
n
d
n
o
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e
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re
s
o
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at
o
rs
,
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r
o
g
.
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l
ec
t
r
o
m
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g
n
.
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es
.
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,
v
o
l
.
7
9
,
p
p
.
1
8
5
–
1
9
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
D
i
n
g
,
K
a
n
g
,
Ch
e
n
g
G
ao
,
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o
n
g
b
i
n
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u
,
an
d
D
.
Q.
,
"
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mp
act
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
c
i
rcu
l
arl
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o
l
ar
i
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o
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e
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n
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E
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
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n
t
en
n
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s
P
r
o
p
a
g
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v
o
l
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o
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p
p
.
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1
1
–
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1
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
Ch
en
Q
.
,
Z
h
an
g
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.
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Y
an
g
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.
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C.
,
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u
e
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,
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n
X
.
-
L.
,
"
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ad
b
an
d
Cp
w
-
Fed
Ci
rc
u
l
ar
l
y
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l
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ze
d
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an
ar
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n
o
p
o
l
e
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n
t
en
n
a
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t
h
In
v
ert
e
d
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ri
p
an
d
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s
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mmet
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c
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ro
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n
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an
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r
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g
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l
ec
t
r
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g
n
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es
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,
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o
l
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4
,
p
p
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1
–
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0
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2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
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an
g
H
.
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an
g
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.
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u
R.
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u
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h
an
g
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.
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an
g
X
.
,
"
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N
o
v
e
l
Bro
ad
b
an
d
Ci
rcu
l
arl
y
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l
ar
i
zed
Mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
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t
en
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Bas
ed
o
n
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-
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a
p
ed
Rad
i
at
o
r
,
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E
E
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
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l
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o
p
a
g
.
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t
.
,
v
o
l
.
p
p
,
n
o
.
9
9
,
p
p
.
5
–
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
D
i
n
g
K
.
,
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ao
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,
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u
Y
.
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Q
u
D
.
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Z
h
an
g
B.
,
"
A
Bro
ad
b
an
d
Ci
rcu
l
arl
y
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l
ar
i
zed
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n
t
e
d
Mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
en
n
a
W
i
t
h
Paras
i
t
i
c
St
r
i
p
s
,
"
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E
E
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
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i
r
e
l
.
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r
o
p
a
g
.
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t
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
5
0
9
–
2
5
1
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
Ch
en
Q
.
,
Z
h
an
g
H
.
,
Y
an
g
L
.
,
L
i
B.
,
Mi
n
X
.
,
"
W
i
d
eb
an
d
In
v
er
t
ed
-
L
Mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
-
via
-
Fe
d
Ci
rcu
l
arl
y
Po
l
ar
i
zed
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
A
s
y
mme
t
ri
ca
l
G
ro
u
n
d
fo
r
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L
A
N
/
W
i
max
A
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
,
"
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
z
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
n
o
.
7
-
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
Fen
g
G
.
,
Ch
en
L
.
,
Sh
i
X
.
,
"
A
b
ro
ad
b
an
d
ci
rcu
l
arl
y
p
o
l
ar
i
zed
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
emp
l
o
y
i
n
g
p
ara
s
i
t
i
c
l
o
o
p
s
an
d
d
efect
i
v
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
l
a
n
e
,
"
M
i
cr
o
w.
O
p
t
.
Tech
n
o
l
.
Let
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
D
i
n
g
K
.
,
G
u
o
Y
.
,
G
ao
C.
,
"
CPW
-
Fed
W
i
d
eb
a
n
d
C
i
rcu
l
arl
y
Po
l
ari
ze
d
Pri
n
t
ed
M
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
W
i
t
h
O
p
en
L
o
o
p
an
d
A
s
y
mme
t
ri
c
G
ro
u
n
d
Pl
an
e
,
"
IE
E
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
W
i
r
el
.
P
r
o
p
a
g
.
Let
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
8
3
3
–
8
3
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
Sams
u
zzama
n
M.
,
Is
l
am
M.
T
.
,
Si
n
g
h
M.
J.
,
"
A
co
mp
act
p
ri
n
t
e
d
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
w
i
d
e
b
an
d
ci
rc
u
l
a
r
p
o
l
ari
za
t
i
o
n
,
"
IE
E
E
A
cce
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
4
7
1
3
–
5
4
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
Mi
d
y
a
M.
,
Bh
at
t
ac
h
arj
ee
S.
,
Mi
t
ra
M.
,
"
Bro
ad
b
a
n
d
Ci
r
cu
l
ar
l
y
Po
l
ari
ze
d
Pl
a
n
ar
Mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
G
-
Sh
a
p
e
d
Paras
i
t
i
c
St
r
i
p
,
"
IE
E
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
W
i
r
el
.
P
r
o
p
a
g
.
Let
t
.
, V
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
Sari
era
H
.
,
Z
ak
ari
a
Z
.
,
Is
a
A
.
A.
M.
,
"
A
Bro
ad
b
an
d
P
-
S
h
ap
ed
Ci
rc
u
l
ar
l
y
Po
l
ari
z
ed
Mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
a
Si
n
g
l
e
Paras
i
t
i
c
St
r
i
p
,
"
IE
E
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
W
i
r
el
.
P
r
o
p
a
g
.
Let
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
4
–
2
1
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
Ch
en
T
.
,
Z
h
a
n
g
J
.
,
W
a
n
g
W
.
,
"
A
N
o
v
el
CP
W
-
Fed
Pl
an
ar
Mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
Br
o
ad
b
an
d
Ci
rc
u
l
a
rl
y
Po
l
ar
i
zat
i
o
n
,
"
P
r
o
g
.
E
l
ec
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
.
R
es
.
M
,
v
o
l
.
84
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
A
l
g
u
mae
i
M.
Y
.
,
Sh
ai
r
i
N
.
A
.
,
Z
ak
ari
a
Z
.
,
Z
o
b
i
l
a
h
A
.
M.
,
E
d
w
ar
d
N
.
,
"
A
co
u
p
l
ed
-
l
i
n
e
b
a
l
u
n
f
o
r
u
l
t
ra
-
w
i
d
eb
an
d
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
b
a
l
an
ce
d
d
i
o
d
e
m
i
x
er
,
"
TE
LKO
M
NIKA
Te
l
eco
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
cs
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
4
6
–
2
5
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
Z
o
b
i
l
ah
A
.
M.
,
O
t
h
man
A
.
,
Sh
ai
r
i
N
.
A
.
,
Z
ak
ari
a
Z
.
,
"
Pa
ramet
ri
c
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
f
ri
n
g
an
d
p
ara
l
l
e
l
co
u
p
l
e
d
l
i
n
e
res
o
n
at
o
r
s
fo
r
mat
ch
e
d
b
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
fi
l
t
er
d
es
i
g
n
,
"
In
d
o
n
es
.
J.
E
l
ec
t
r
.
E
n
g
.
Co
m
p
u
t
.
S
ci
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
–
37
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
9
]
Ib
rah
i
m
A
.
M.
,
Ib
ra
h
i
m
I.
M.
,
an
d
Sh
a
i
r
N
.
A
.
,
“A
C
o
mp
ac
t
Sex
t
u
p
l
e
M
u
l
t
i
-
Ba
n
d
Pr
i
n
t
ed
M
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
A
n
t
en
n
a,
”
O
p
c
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
6
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
8
–
1
4
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
Ib
rah
i
m
A
.
M.
,
Ib
rah
i
m
I.
M
.
,
an
d
Sh
ai
ri
N
.
A
.
,
“D
es
i
g
n
a
Co
mp
act
W
i
d
e
Ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
o
f
a
Pri
n
t
e
d
A
n
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
D
efect
e
d
G
ro
u
n
d
St
r
u
ct
u
re,
”
J.
A
d
v.
R
es
.
D
y
n
.
Co
n
t
r
o
l
S
ys
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
0
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
5
–
1
0
7
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
1
]
S.
A
l
an
i
,
Z
.
Z
ak
ari
a,
an
d
A
.
A
h
ma
d
,
“Mi
n
i
a
t
u
r
i
zed
U
W
B
el
l
i
p
t
i
ca
l
p
a
t
ch
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
s
k
i
n
can
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