T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
, V
ol
.
1
7
,
No.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
201
9
, p
p.
2
49
7
~
2504
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
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F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y
K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
5
.
9926
â—¼
24
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Rec
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ay
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m
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Z
u
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i M
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sof
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d
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as
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, Ku
shsai
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y Ka
d
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A
man
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Nu
r
Hida
ya
h
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aidaw
ati N
as
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Uni
v
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Ku
a
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i
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d
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m
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Ab
strac
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A
tra
d
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ti
o
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a
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a
p
p
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a
c
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f
h
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e
m
e
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s
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m
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t
h
a
s
a
l
way
s
m
e
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n
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th
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p
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p
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m
u
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g
o
t
o
h
o
s
p
i
ta
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to
e
x
a
m
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th
e
p
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t
d
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s
e
a
s
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a
t
Car
d
i
o
l
o
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i
s
t
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
o
ff
i
c
e
r.
M
o
s
t
p
e
o
p
l
e
h
a
v
e
d
i
ff
i
c
u
l
t
s
u
c
h
a
s
n
o
tra
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
l
a
z
y
to
g
o
to
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
i
ta
l
f
o
r
th
e
c
h
e
c
k
-
u
p
s
o
f
th
e
i
r
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
h
e
a
rt
ra
te
.
Th
i
s
i
s
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
,
b
e
fo
r
e
h
a
v
e
a
tr
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
o
r
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
c
h
e
c
k
-
u
p
,
th
e
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
d
o
a
n
a
p
p
o
i
n
tm
e
n
t
.
Be
s
i
d
e
s
th
a
t,
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
o
f
work
s
v
e
ry
h
i
g
h
n
o
wad
a
y
s
.
Pe
o
p
l
e
b
u
s
y
wit
h
th
e
i
r
work
s
u
n
ti
l
fo
rg
e
t
t
o
d
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
c
h
e
c
k
-
u
p
s
.
Ad
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
th
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
p
o
rt
a
b
l
e
h
e
a
rt
r
a
te
m
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
i
s
c
o
s
tl
y
to
b
u
y
fo
r
a
l
l
.
I
n
th
i
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
we
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
s
y
s
te
m
whi
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
te
fo
r
a
l
l
w
h
i
l
e
e
v
e
ry
o
n
e
c
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
i
r
c
h
e
c
k
u
p
a
t
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
d
o
n
o
t
wa
s
te
th
e
i
r
t
i
m
e
b
y
wai
ti
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
r
tu
r
n
i
n
th
e
h
o
s
p
i
ta
l
to
d
o
t
h
e
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
c
h
e
c
k
-
u
p
s
.
Th
e
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
i
s
b
u
i
l
t
u
s
i
n
g
l
o
w
c
o
s
t
e
l
e
c
tr
o
n
i
c
s
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
Th
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
c
a
n
d
o
a
s
e
l
f
-
c
h
e
c
k
-
u
p
b
e
f
o
re
s
e
e
i
n
g
a
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
p
ra
c
ti
ti
o
n
e
r
m
a
y
re
d
u
c
e
m
o
rt
a
l
i
t
y
ra
te
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
i
l
e
n
t
k
i
l
l
e
r
t
h
a
t
i
s
h
e
a
r
t
a
tt
a
c
k
s
.
Key
w
ords
:
c
o
s
t
-
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
,
h
e
a
rt
fa
i
l
u
re
,
L
ED
,
p
u
l
s
e
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
P
ul
s
es
c
a
n
b
e
d
ef
i
ne
d
as
the
nu
m
be
r
of
he
art
b
ea
ts
tha
t
be
ats
pe
r
m
i
nu
te
(
bp
m
)
.
T
he
he
art
r
at
e
n
orm
al
l
y
de
pe
nd
s
on
t
he
r
el
ax
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
on
tr
ac
t
i
on
of
the
v
en
tr
i
c
l
es
i
n
the
he
art
whi
c
h
ha
v
e
t
wo
l
ar
ge
c
ha
m
be
r
s
.
T
he
f
un
c
ti
on
of
the
v
en
tr
i
c
l
e
i
s
to
ex
pe
l
an
d
c
ol
l
ec
t
bl
o
od
to
pe
r
i
p
he
r
a
l
be
ds
f
r
om
atri
u
m
w
i
th
i
n
t
he
l
un
gs
a
nd
bo
d
y
.
If
the
pe
r
s
o
n
di
d
no
t
g
et
en
o
ug
h
r
es
t,
the
p
ers
on
he
art
r
ate
wi
l
l
be
to
o
s
l
o
w
(
bra
d
y
c
ar
di
a)
or
the
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
wi
l
l
b
e
f
as
t
(
tac
h
y
c
ardi
a)
tha
n
t
he
n
orm
al
he
art
r
ate
.
T
hi
s
tac
h
y
c
ardi
a
ha
p
pe
n
c
au
s
e
th
e
pe
r
s
on
ex
erc
i
s
e,
s
tr
es
s
,
tr
au
m
a
or
i
l
l
ne
s
s
di
s
e
as
e.
T
he
c
au
s
es
of
brad
y
c
ard
i
a
ar
e
w
he
n
the
h
ea
r
t
do
es
no
t
ge
t
e
no
ug
h
ox
y
g
en
r
i
c
h b
l
oo
d
f
or the
b
od
y
.
B
r
a
d
y
c
ard
i
a
an
d
tac
h
y
c
ardi
a c
an
b
e c
on
s
i
de
r
ed
as
he
al
t
h
probl
em
.
F
i
r
s
t,
p
l
ac
e
f
i
ng
er
at
the
n
e
c
k
or
w
r
i
s
t.
Car
ot
i
d
p
ul
s
e
wi
l
l
b
e
m
ea
s
ure
i
f
the
f
i
ng
er
pl
ac
e
at
the
ne
c
k
bu
t
i
f
the
f
i
n
g
er
was
pl
ac
e
at
the
w
r
i
s
t,
r
ad
i
a
l
p
ul
s
e
wi
l
l
b
e
m
ea
s
ure.
Nor
m
al
l
y
,
pe
op
l
e
us
e
w
r
i
s
t
to
c
h
ec
k
the
p
ul
s
es
.
A
f
ter
p
l
ac
ed
th
e
f
i
ng
er
at
t
he
w
r
i
s
t
or
n
e
c
k
the
pe
r
s
o
n
nee
d
to
c
o
un
t
o
v
er 1
0 s
ec
o
nd
s
to
es
ti
m
ate
th
e
be
ats
p
er m
i
nu
tes
an
d
th
en
m
ul
ti
p
l
y
b
y
4.
Re
pe
at
the
s
am
e
b
y
c
ou
nt
wi
th
i
n
1
5
s
ec
on
ds
an
d
m
ul
ti
p
l
y
b
y
4
an
d
do
u
bl
i
ng
th
e
r
es
u
l
t.
W
h
en
us
e
th
i
s
m
eth
od
us
ua
l
l
y
ha
v
e
a
n
err
or
of
th
e
pu
l
s
es
r
ate
.
T
hi
s
i
s
be
c
au
s
e
s
om
eti
m
e,
w
h
en
w
e
c
ou
n
t,
we
c
an
m
a
k
e
m
i
s
ta
k
es
. Fi
gu
r
e
1 s
ho
w
s
th
e m
an
ua
l
c
h
ec
k
i
ng
of
pu
l
s
e rat
e.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
M
an
ua
l
m
eth
od
[
1
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
â—¼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
9
7
-
25
04
2498
B
es
i
d
es
tha
t,
t
he
m
on
i
tor
m
eth
od
al
s
o
c
an
be
us
ed
i
n
order
to
c
ou
nt
th
e
pu
l
s
es
.
In
thi
s
m
od
ern
era
t
ec
hn
o
l
og
y
,
e
l
ec
tr
oc
ardi
o
gram
(
E
CG
)
m
ac
hi
n
es
w
as
us
ua
l
l
y
us
e
i
n
th
e
ho
s
pi
tal
.
T
hi
s
i
s
be
c
au
s
e
el
ec
tr
oc
ardi
o
gram
(
E
CG
)
i
s
v
er
y
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
a
nd
on
l
y
ex
pe
r
t
pe
r
s
on
c
an
ha
n
dl
e
the
m
ac
hi
ne
c
au
s
e
i
t
no
t
ea
s
y
to
us
e.
No
wad
a
y
s
wi
th
th
e
m
od
ern
t
ec
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
E
CG
a
l
s
o
av
a
i
l
ab
l
e
a
pp
l
i
e
d
i
n
ga
dg
e
t
s
s
uc
h
w
atc
h
an
d
s
m
artpho
ne
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
s
ho
w
s
t
he
Hol
t
er
m
on
i
tor
wi
th
E
CG
r
e
ad
i
ng
c
h
ec
k
i
ng
of
pu
l
s
e rat
e.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
M
on
i
tor m
eth
od
[
2
]
Depo
l
ari
z
a
ti
o
n
an
d
r
e
-
p
ol
a
r
i
z
at
i
o
n
of
m
y
oc
ard
i
al
c
e
l
l
s
i
s
ba
s
e
d
on
the
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
a
l
he
art
ac
ti
v
i
t
y
.
T
o
r
e
ac
h
the
at
r
i
ov
en
tr
i
c
u
l
ar
no
d
e
a
nd
t
o
ge
ne
r
at
e
th
e
c
on
tr
ac
ti
on
of
atr
i
um
s
,
the
s
i
no
a
tr
i
a
l
n
od
e
(
na
t
u
r
al
p
ac
em
a
k
er)
of
el
ec
tr
i
c
al
i
m
pu
l
s
e
wi
l
l
s
tarts
f
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
hroug
h
the
atri
um
s
.
V
e
ntri
c
ul
ar
c
o
ntrac
ti
o
ns
wi
l
l
b
e
ge
n
erate
s
b
y
c
urr
en
ts
t
ha
t
f
l
o
w
s
,
t
he
c
urr
en
t
wi
l
l
f
l
ow
s
t
hrou
gh
the
Hi
z
B
un
d
l
e
an
d
th
en
r
ea
c
he
s
the
v
en
tr
i
c
l
es
.
T
he
he
a
r
t
ti
s
s
ue
oc
c
ur
re
-
po
l
ar
i
z
ati
on
a
nd
P
un
k
i
nj
e
f
i
be
r
s
wi
l
l
be
r
e
ac
h
es
b
y
th
e
c
urr
en
ts
.
F
i
g
ure
3
s
ho
w
s
the
b
eh
a
v
i
ou
r
M
y
oc
ardu
i
m
el
ec
tr
i
c
a
l
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
M
y
oc
ar
di
um
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
[
3
]
F
i
gu
r
e
3
s
ho
w
s
the
he
art
be
ha
v
i
ou
r
wi
t
h
th
e
Q
R
S
c
om
pl
ex
w
h
i
c
h
m
ea
ns
th
e
pa
r
t
of
the
g
en
er
ate
d
s
i
gn
al
1.
A
tr
i
um
be
gi
ns
to
d
ep
o
l
ar
i
z
e.
2.
A
tr
i
um
de
po
l
ari
z
es
.
3.
V
en
tr
i
c
l
es
be
gi
n t
o
de
po
l
ari
z
e a
t
ap
ex
.
A
tr
i
um
r
ep
ol
a
r
i
z
es
.
4.
V
en
tr
i
c
l
es
de
po
l
ari
z
e.
5.
V
en
tr
i
c
l
es
be
gi
n t
o r
ep
o
l
ari
z
e a
t
ap
ex
.
6.
V
en
tr
i
c
l
es
r
ep
ol
ar
i
z
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
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NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
â—¼
Des
i
gn
an
d f
a
bric
at
i
on
of
c
os
t
-
eff
ec
ti
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e
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at
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....
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k
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Mo
h
d Y
us
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2499
T
he
w
ord
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r
ee
k
el
ec
tr
o
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e
be
en
de
r
i
v
ed
,
th
i
s
i
s
be
c
au
s
e
i
t
r
el
ate
d
to
el
ec
tr
i
c
al
ac
ti
v
i
t
y
.
T
h
i
s
w
ord
r
el
a
ted
to
th
e
m
ea
ni
ng
of
he
art,
c
ardi
o
an
d
gra
ph
.
S
an
tori
o
S
an
torr
i
was
the
f
i
r
s
t
pe
r
s
on
tha
t
i
n
v
e
nte
d
the
p
ul
s
i
l
o
gi
um
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
f
or
m
of
pe
nd
ul
um
to
m
ea
s
ure
ac
c
urate
l
y
the
p
ul
s
e
r
at
e
b
as
ed
o
n
G
al
i
l
e
o
G
al
i
l
ei
wor
k
.
De
La
c
r
oi
x
,
ph
y
s
i
c
i
an
af
ter
a
c
en
tu
r
y
l
at
er
us
ed
to
tes
t c
ardi
ac
f
un
c
ti
on
b
y
us
e
d p
u
l
s
i
l
og
i
um
[
4
].
In
18
7
2
at
S
t
B
artho
l
om
ew’
s
ho
s
p
i
ta
l
,
the
pa
t
i
en
t’
s
he
artb
ea
t
whi
c
h
h
as
a
f
ev
er
was
att
ac
he
d
t
o
th
e
A
l
ex
a
nd
er
Mu
n
i
r
he
ad
[
5]
.
T
hi
s
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e,
he
want
s
t
o
o
bta
i
n
a
r
ec
ord
a
pa
ti
en
t
’
s
he
art
be
at
an
d
he
w
as
s
tud
y
i
n
g
hi
s
Doc
t
or
of
S
c
i
en
c
e.
B
r
i
t
i
s
h
ph
y
s
i
ol
o
gi
s
t,
J
oh
n
B
urdo
n
S
an
d
ers
on
us
e
L
i
pp
m
an
n
c
ap
i
l
l
ar
y
e
l
ec
tr
om
ete
r
to
r
ec
ord
t
he
r
es
ul
t
[
6]
.
A
ug
us
t
us
W
al
k
e
r
f
r
o
m
S
t
Ma
r
y
’
s
h
os
pi
ta
l
i
n
P
ad
d
i
gt
on
,
Lo
n
do
n
w
as
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
on
t
ha
t
tha
t
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
el
ec
t
r
i
c
a
l
v
i
e
w
of
he
art.H
e
us
ed
Li
pp
m
an
n
c
ap
i
l
l
ar
y
e
l
ec
tr
om
ete
r
el
ec
tr
oc
ard
i
og
r
a
ph
t
o
f
i
x
the
proj
ec
tor.
Hi
s
proj
ec
t
al
l
o
w
s
he
artbe
at
t
o
be
r
e
c
ord
i
n
r
e
al
t
i
m
e
wi
tho
ut
an
y
prob
l
em
.
Hi
s
w
ork
proj
ec
t
s
ti
l
l
be
u
s
ed
i
n
19
11
[
7].
H
o
w
e
v
er,
c
urr
en
tl
y
m
od
ern
he
art
r
ate
m
on
i
tori
ng
s
en
s
or
y
s
y
s
tem
s
are
wi
de
l
y
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
c
o
ns
i
d
erin
g
s
m
art
de
s
i
gn
an
d
c
l
ou
d
-
ba
s
ed
s
y
s
t
em
[8
-
1
3
].
A
l
l
t
he
s
e
s
e
ns
or
y
s
y
s
t
em
s
are
ad
e
qu
a
tel
y
c
on
ne
c
te
d
wi
th
c
l
o
ud
s
erv
er
[1
4
-
2
0
].
A
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
da
t
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
i
s
al
s
o
us
ed
to
m
on
i
tor
the
pa
t
i
en
t
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
f
or
on
l
i
ne
di
ag
n
os
i
s
pu
r
po
s
e
[
2
1
-
2
5
].
T
he
r
ef
ore,
the
s
e
i
ns
p
i
r
ati
on
s
c
o
m
e
to
de
v
el
op
a
r
e
al
ti
m
e
ba
s
i
s
h
ea
r
t
m
on
i
tori
ng
s
y
s
t
em
.
2.
De
sign
s a
n
d
F
abric
atio
n
P
r
o
c
es
s
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
ho
w
s
t
he
bl
oc
k
of
the
w
ho
l
e
c
on
c
ep
t
an
d
f
un
c
ti
on
f
or
th
e
p
ul
s
es
r
ate
m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
i
n
thi
s
w
ork
.
T
hi
s
bl
oc
k
di
ag
r
am
i
s
m
ad
e
to
un
de
r
s
tan
d
th
e
proc
es
s
i
m
pl
e
m
en
t
i
n
thi
s
proj
ec
t.
T
he
bl
oc
k
di
ag
r
am
c
on
s
i
s
t
of
f
ou
r
pa
r
t
w
h
i
c
h
are
t
he
s
en
s
or
(
IR
di
o
de
a
nd
P
ho
t
o
d
i
od
e),
th
e
am
pl
i
f
i
er
an
d
f
i
l
ter,
t
he
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er
an
d
the
ou
t
pu
t
(
7
s
eg
m
en
t
wi
th
LE
D)
.
In
t
hi
s
proj
ec
t,
i
t
ha
v
e
us
e
d
the
s
e
ns
or
whi
c
h
c
al
l
e
d
i
nf
r
ared
l
i
gh
t
-
em
i
tti
ng
-
di
od
e (I
R d
i
od
e)
whi
c
h
i
s
T
r
an
s
c
ei
v
er
a
nd
P
h
oto
d
i
od
e
(
R
ec
ei
v
er)
.
IR
di
od
e
wi
l
l
tr
an
s
m
i
t
the
r
ea
d
i
n
g
of
t
he
p
ul
s
es
a
nd
i
nf
r
ared
l
i
g
ht
t
o
t
he
f
i
n
ge
r
ti
p
.T
he
i
nf
r
ared
l
i
g
ht
wi
l
l
r
ef
l
ec
ted
b
y
t
he
bl
oo
d
c
el
l
s
.
P
ho
t
od
i
od
e
wi
l
l
r
ec
ei
v
e
th
e
i
nf
r
ared
l
i
gh
t
f
r
om
IR
di
od
e
an
d
r
ef
l
ec
t
ed
i
t
ba
c
k
to
the
f
i
ng
erti
p.
T
he
l
i
tt
l
e
c
h
an
g
e
i
n
am
pl
i
tud
e
w
i
t
h t
h
e p
r
o
pe
r
s
i
gn
a
l
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
i
n
g
w
i
l
l
r
ef
l
ec
t
ed
l
i
g
ht
a
nd
c
on
v
ert
i
t
i
nt
o p
ul
s
es
.
I
R
d
i
o
d
e
(
T
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
)
P
h
o
t
o
d
i
o
d
e
(
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
)
A
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
a
n
d
f
i
l
t
e
r
P
I
C
1
6
F
6
2
8
A
M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
7
S
E
G
M
E
N
T
L
E
D
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
B
l
oc
k
di
ag
r
am
of
the
p
ul
s
es
r
at
e m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
W
e
de
s
i
gn
b
y
us
e
d
ac
ti
v
e
l
o
w
pa
s
s
f
i
l
ter
w
i
th
t
w
o
o
pe
r
ati
on
al
am
pl
i
f
i
er
(
O
p
-
A
m
p
s
)
whi
c
h
are
a
t
w
o
-
s
ta
ge
an
d
hi
g
h
ga
i
n
whi
c
h
t
he
f
un
c
t
i
o
n
are
t
o
am
pl
i
f
y
an
d
f
i
l
ter
t
he
ap
pro
pria
te
v
o
l
tag
e
l
e
v
e
l
f
r
om
s
i
gn
al
s
o
tha
t
th
e
p
ul
s
es
c
a
n
b
e
c
ou
nte
d
b
y
us
i
ng
m
i
c
r
oc
o
ntrol
l
er.
T
he
ac
ti
v
e
f
i
l
ter
w
i
l
l
am
pl
i
f
y
t
he
s
i
gn
a
l
an
d
pa
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
c
erta
i
n
s
e
l
ec
ted
f
r
eq
ue
nc
i
es
.
T
he
A
C
v
o
l
tag
e
s
ou
r
c
e
wi
l
l
c
on
ne
c
te
d
to
the
r
es
i
s
t
or
R3
whi
l
e
the
c
a
pa
c
i
tor
C
1
w
i
l
l
go
es
to
the
grou
nd
.
F
i
gu
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
the
ac
ti
v
e
l
o
w
pa
s
s
f
i
l
ter.
W
i
th
the
us
ed
of
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er
i
t
wi
l
l
de
term
i
ne
the
pu
l
s
es
of
he
art
be
at.
F
i
r
s
t,
we
want
to
m
ak
e
the
proj
ec
t
b
y
us
i
n
g
th
e
r
es
ul
ts
of
the
pu
l
s
es
w
i
l
l
be
di
s
p
l
a
y
o
n
3 d
i
gi
t
7
s
eg
m
en
t
wi
th
t
he
s
hi
f
t o
f
th
e L
E
D.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
â—¼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
9
7
-
25
04
2500
F
i
gu
r
e
5
.
A
c
ti
v
e
l
o
w
pa
s
s
f
i
l
ter [8]
2.1
.
S
chem
atic D
iagr
am
W
h
en
the
s
tart
bu
tt
on
was
pres
s
ed
up
,
th
e
p
ul
s
es
of
c
l
oc
k
s
tart
to
op
erate
as
the
i
np
ut.
T
he
c
l
oc
k
w
as
pl
ac
ed
o
v
er
th
e
IR
d
i
o
de
(
T
r
an
s
m
i
tte
r
/T
x
)
an
d
P
ho
tod
i
od
e
(
Rec
ei
v
er/Rx
)
.
T
he
s
en
s
or
w
i
l
l
c
on
f
i
gu
r
e
the
c
l
oc
k
pu
l
s
e
b
y
us
i
ng
IR
di
od
e
an
d
P
h
oto
d
i
o
de
.
W
he
n
th
e
s
en
s
or
de
tec
t
th
e
pu
l
s
e
of
the
c
l
oc
k
,
i
t
w
i
l
l
r
ea
d
the
s
i
gn
a
l
c
l
o
c
k
pu
l
s
es
r
ate
,
the
s
i
gn
al
f
r
om
the
s
en
s
or
wi
l
l
b
e
tr
an
s
f
err
ed
a
nd
tr
a
ns
m
i
t
to
th
e
P
IC
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er.
It
r
ea
d
the
c
l
oc
k
pu
l
s
e
throu
gh
the
P
IC
16
F
6
28
A
.
T
he
p
ul
s
e
wi
l
l
be
c
ou
nte
d
f
r
om
the
c
l
oc
k
an
d
s
e
nd
i
t
to
th
e
P
IC
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er.
If
the
p
ul
s
e
s
i
s
f
ai
l
ed
t
o
d
ete
c
t
b
y
t
he
s
en
s
or
an
d
t
he
pu
l
s
es
do
n
ot
di
s
p
l
a
y
a
nd
s
ho
w
a
n e
r
r
or,
t
he
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
of
th
e c
l
oc
k
pu
l
s
e m
us
t b
e c
ha
n
ge
d
.
W
he
n t
he
c
l
oc
k
pu
l
s
e p
r
oc
es
s
b
y
t
he
P
IC
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er,
the
r
es
u
l
ts
of
the
pu
l
s
es
wi
l
l
d
i
s
pl
a
y
on
t
he
7
s
eg
m
en
t
an
d
the
L
E
D
wi
l
l
s
h
i
f
t.
F
i
gu
r
e
6
s
ho
w
s
t
he
s
c
he
m
ati
c
di
ag
r
am
tha
t
w
e
de
s
i
g
ne
d
i
n
P
r
ote
us
.
B
ef
ore
w
e
s
tart
c
on
s
tr
uc
t
the
prot
o
t
y
p
e,
w
e
de
s
i
gn
ed
th
e
c
i
r
c
ui
t
i
n
to
c
he
c
k
w
he
th
er
the
c
on
n
ec
ti
o
n
i
s
c
orr
ec
t
or
no
t a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n F
i
gu
r
e
7
. T
he
n
we c
ha
ng
e
the
de
s
i
gn
i
n P
r
ot
eu
s
to
A
R
E
S
to
prin
t
the
l
a
y
ou
t
.
F
i
gu
r
e
6
.
S
c
he
m
ati
c
di
a
gra
m
i
n
proteu
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
â—¼
Des
i
gn
an
d f
a
bric
at
i
on
of
c
os
t
-
eff
ec
ti
v
e
he
art
-
r
at
e
....
(
Z
ul
k
ha
i
r
i
Mo
h
d Y
us
of)
2501
F
i
gu
r
e
7
.
D
es
i
gn
s
c
he
m
ati
c
i
n
P
r
ote
us
2.2
.
P
CB in
t
h
e
M
ak
ing
F
i
r
s
tl
y
,
prin
t
l
as
er
i
nk
the
P
CB
l
a
y
ou
t
on
g
l
os
s
y
p
ap
er
tha
t
ha
d
be
e
n
de
s
i
gn
on
the
A
R
E
S
s
of
tware.
T
he
P
CB
l
a
y
ou
t
m
us
t
be
i
n
l
as
er
i
nk
s
o
i
t
e
as
y
the
l
a
y
o
ut
s
t
i
c
k
s
w
he
n
i
r
o
n
on
th
e
P
CB
B
o
ard.
T
he
n,
p
l
a
c
e
n
ea
t
l
y
the
pri
nte
d
P
C
B
l
a
y
ou
t
on
the
P
C
B
b
oa
r
d.
A
f
ter
tha
t,
i
r
on
the
P
CB
l
a
y
o
ut
o
n t
h
e
P
CB
bo
ard
ba
s
e
d
as
s
ho
wn i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
8
.
A
f
ter
i
r
on
th
e
l
a
y
o
ut
on
t
he
P
CB
b
oa
r
d,
we
s
oa
k
ed
th
e
P
C
B
bo
ar
d
i
n
t
he
ac
i
d
p
o
w
de
r
an
d
ad
d
up
s
om
e w
arm
wa
ter. T
hi
s
Fi
gu
r
e
9
s
ho
w
s
et
c
hi
ng
proc
es
s
. T
he
f
un
c
ti
on
of
th
i
s
et
c
h
i
n
g
proc
es
s
i
s
to
r
em
ov
e
the
c
op
pe
r
l
a
y
er
on
t
he
b
oa
r
d
a
nd
the
l
a
y
o
ut
s
ti
c
k
on
the
P
CB
B
o
ard.
B
e
c
aref
ul
ha
n
dl
i
n
g t
h
e a
c
i
d.
A
f
ter the
c
op
pe
r
r
em
ov
e,
wa
s
h i
t
wi
th
w
at
er an
d b
r
us
h t
he
P
CB
l
a
y
o
ut.
La
s
tl
y
,
we c
a
n s
e
e t
h
e c
op
pe
r
s
ha
p
ed
l
a
y
ou
t
i
n Fi
gu
r
e
9
.
A
f
ter
f
i
ni
s
he
d
dri
l
l
t
he
P
C
B
bo
ard,
p
l
ac
e
an
d
c
on
s
t
r
uc
t
the
c
orr
ec
t
c
om
po
ne
nt
on
the
P
CB
b
oa
r
d.
C
on
s
tr
u
c
t
the
c
om
po
ne
nt
ba
s
e
d
on
the
s
i
m
ul
at
i
on
t
o
a
v
o
i
d
m
i
s
pl
ac
ed
the
c
om
po
ne
nt
.
T
he
n,
s
o
l
d
er
the
c
om
po
ne
nt
b
y
us
i
ng
s
ol
d
er
i
r
on
an
d
s
ol
de
r
l
ea
d
w
i
t
h
c
are
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
0
.
If
the
c
i
r
c
ui
t
do
es
no
t
wor
k
i
ng
pr
op
erl
y
,
tr
o
ub
l
es
ho
ot
a
nd
c
he
c
k
the
c
i
r
c
ui
t
un
ti
l
i
t
wor
k
i
ng
w
el
l
.
A
s
F
i
g
ure
1
1
s
ho
w
s
t
ha
t
t
he
7
s
eg
m
en
t
no
t
wel
l
f
un
c
ti
on
a
nd
w
e
ne
ed
t
o
tr
ou
bl
es
ho
ot
t
hi
s
c
i
r
c
u
i
t.
T
o
m
a
k
e
i
t
l
oo
k
m
ore
proper
a
nd
be
a
uti
f
ul
,
we
m
ak
e
c
as
i
ng
f
or
the
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
m
ea
s
urem
e
nt
proj
ec
t
b
y
us
i
ng
bo
x
.
W
e
pl
ac
e
t
he
c
i
r
c
ui
t
n
ea
t
l
y
on
the
b
ox
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
2
.
F
i
gu
r
e
8
.
Ir
o
n t
h
e P
CB
bo
ar
d
F
i
gu
r
e
9
.
E
tc
hi
ng
proc
es
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
â—¼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
9
7
-
25
04
2502
F
i
gu
r
e
1
0
.
Cons
tr
uc
t
an
d s
ol
d
er c
om
po
ne
nt
F
i
gu
r
e
1
1
.
T
r
ou
b
l
es
ho
ot
c
i
r
c
ui
t
F
i
gu
r
e
1
2
.
Cas
i
n
g f
or pu
l
s
e
r
ate
m
ea
s
urem
en
t
3.
Re
sult
s a
n
d
D
isc
u
s
sio
n
s
Dur
i
n
g
d
ev
el
o
pi
ng
the
pro
tot
y
p
e,
t
w
o
di
od
es
w
ere
s
ep
arat
ed
an
d
c
ov
ered
b
y
bl
ac
k
r
ub
be
r
.
A
t
f
i
r
s
t,
pres
s
the
on
s
wi
tc
h,
th
e
protot
y
p
e
w
i
l
l
i
ni
t
i
a
l
i
z
e
a
nd
the
7
s
e
gm
en
t
w
i
l
l
d
i
s
pl
a
y
00
0.
Nex
t,
wa
i
ted
un
ti
l
t
he
7
s
eg
m
en
t
turn
of
f
,
an
d
pu
t
y
o
ur
i
nd
ex
f
i
ng
er
on
the
h
ol
e
w
h
i
c
h
t
ha
t
i
ns
ert
IR
di
od
e
an
d
P
ho
tod
i
od
e
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
13
(
a).
T
he
i
nd
ex
f
i
ng
er
w
i
l
l
pu
t
on
th
e
IR
di
o
de
a
nd
P
ho
to
d
i
od
e
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
i
nd
ex
f
i
ng
er
i
s
s
o
s
en
s
i
ti
v
e
an
d
i
t
c
an
ea
s
i
l
y
r
ea
d
t
he
p
ul
s
e
r
ate
.
P
r
es
s
the
s
tart
b
utt
o
n
to
s
tart
t
he
pro
j
ec
t
c
ou
nte
d
the
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
3
(
b).
F
i
gu
r
e
13
(
c
)
s
ho
w
s
th
e p
ul
s
e rate
b
ea
t
pe
r
m
i
nu
te
wi
l
l
di
s
pl
a
y
e
d
on
t
he
7
s
eg
m
en
t.
(
a)
(
b)
(
c
)
F
i
gu
r
e
1
3
.
(
a)
P
l
ac
e f
i
ng
er (
b)
pres
s
s
tart bu
tt
on
(
c
)
di
s
pl
a
y
r
es
u
l
t (07
2
B
P
M)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
â—¼
Des
i
gn
an
d f
a
bric
at
i
on
of
c
os
t
-
eff
ec
ti
v
e
he
art
-
r
at
e
....
(
Z
ul
k
ha
i
r
i
Mo
h
d Y
us
of)
2503
T
o
c
he
c
k
oth
er
pe
r
s
on
’s
p
ul
s
e
r
ate
,
pres
s
the
r
es
et
b
utt
on
t
o
m
a
k
e
s
ure
tha
t
the
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
b
ef
ore
wi
l
l
be
c
l
ea
r
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
4
s
ho
w
s
th
e
gra
p
h
b
as
ed
on
r
es
ul
t
T
ab
l
e
1
tha
t
the
a
ge
of
the
s
u
bj
ec
t
a
nd
th
e
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
.
F
or
x
-
ax
i
s
i
ts
s
h
o
w
s
the
ag
e
of
t
he
s
ub
j
ec
t
an
d
f
or
y
-
ax
i
s
i
ts
s
ho
w
s
th
e
p
ul
s
e
r
at
e.
T
he
av
erage
f
or
th
e
p
ers
on
t
ha
t
ha
v
e
b
ee
n
tes
t
t
hi
s
p
ul
s
e
r
ate
m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
proj
ec
t
i
s
a
ge
1
9
-
24
.
T
he
m
ax
i
m
u
m
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
f
or
the
s
u
bj
e
c
t
i
s
10
8
an
d
the
m
i
ni
m
u
m
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
i
s
70
.
W
e
c
an
c
on
c
l
ud
e
th
at
t
he
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
de
pe
n
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
c
on
d
i
ti
on
of
the
s
ub
j
ec
t.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
4
.
G
r
a
ph
of
r
es
ul
ts
f
or thi
s
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
m
ea
s
ure
m
en
t
T
ab
l
e 1
.
R
es
ul
ts
f
or thi
s
P
ul
s
e Ra
te
Me
as
urem
en
t
P
e
r
s
o
n
Ge
n
d
e
r
A
g
e
P
u
ls
e
r
a
t
e
C
o
n
d
it
ion
A
b
ida
h
Gir
l
19
108
A
c
t
iv
e
A
d
il
a
h
Gir
l
20
68
N
o
r
m
a
l
S
h
a
z
lee
n
Gir
l
23
72
N
o
r
m
a
l
H
a
n
u
n
Gir
l
21
70
N
o
r
m
a
l
K
a
m
a
l
B
o
y
24
114
A
c
t
iv
e
Far
id
B
o
y
19
118
A
c
t
iv
e
H
is
h
a
m
B
o
y
20
70
N
o
r
m
a
l
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
B
o
y
19
69
N
o
r
m
a
l
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
T
he
pu
l
s
e
r
at
e
m
ea
s
urem
en
t
was
a
l
o
w
-
c
os
t
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er
prot
ot
y
pe
th
at
ha
d
b
ee
n
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
bu
i
l
t
an
d
de
v
el
o
pe
d.
T
hi
s
i
s
be
c
au
s
e;
t
he
c
os
t
of
thi
s
p
ul
s
e
r
at
e
m
ea
s
urem
en
t
protot
y
pe
i
s
U
S
D
7.0
0.
T
hi
s
proj
ec
t
i
s
v
er
y
r
ea
s
on
ab
l
e
an
d
af
f
ordabl
e.
B
es
i
d
es
t
ha
t
,
t
he
proj
ec
t
c
an
be
us
ed
at
ho
m
e
to
m
ea
s
ure
the
p
ul
s
e
r
at
e
ea
s
i
l
y
,
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t
an
d
s
af
el
y
wi
t
ho
ut
ne
ed
t
o
m
a
k
e
an
ap
po
i
ntm
en
t
w
i
t
h
th
e
ho
s
pi
t
al
or
s
pe
n
di
n
g
a
l
o
t
of
m
on
e
y
to
bu
y
ex
i
s
ti
ng
ex
pe
ns
i
v
e
pu
l
s
e
r
ate
.
T
hi
s
wor
k
i
s
ergon
om
i
c
,
po
r
tab
l
e,
d
u
r
ab
l
e,
an
d
c
os
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
(
r
ea
s
on
ab
l
e
an
d
af
f
ordabl
e).
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
h
tt
p
:/
/r
u
n
n
i
n
g
.
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
to
r.
c
o
m
/
2
0
1
4
/
0
6
/t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
/t
h
i
n
k
-
y
o
u
re
-
o
v
e
rtra
i
n
i
n
g
-
c
h
e
c
k
-
y
o
u
r
-
p
u
l
s
e
_
6
3
5
9
3
.
2018
.
[2
]
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
c
a
rd
i
o
.c
o
m
/s
e
rv
i
c
e
s
-
h
o
l
te
r
-
e
v
e
n
t
-
m
o
n
i
t
o
ri
n
g
.
h
tm
l
.
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
Chi
ra
k
a
n
p
h
a
i
s
a
rn
N,
T
h
o
n
g
k
a
n
l
u
a
n
g
T
,
Chi
w
p
re
e
c
h
a
r
Y
.
Hea
rt
ra
te
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
tri
c
a
l
p
u
l
s
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
fo
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t’
s
s
p
a
n
o
f
2
0
–
8
0
y
e
a
rs
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
S
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
Ba
rb
e
i
t
o
A,
M
a
rk
J
B.
Arte
ri
a
l
a
n
d
c
e
n
tra
l
v
e
n
o
u
s
p
re
s
s
u
r
e
m
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
.
A
n
e
s
th
e
s
i
o
l
o
g
y
Cli
n
i
c
s
o
f
Nor
th
Am
e
ri
c
a
.
2
0
0
6
;
2
4
(
4
):
7
1
7
-
3
5
.
[5
]
h
tt
p
s
:/
/w
ww
.e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
g
a
ra
g
e
.
c
o
m
/
e
l
e
c
tro
n
i
c
-
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
/7
8
0
5
-
v
o
l
ta
g
e
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