T
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KO
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, V
ol
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17
,
No.
4,
A
ug
us
t
20
1
9,
p
p.1
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07
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13
IS
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69
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18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
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m
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Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
righ
t
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
me
as
ure
me
n
t
of
l
i
gh
t
i
nte
ns
i
ty
i
s
pl
ay
i
n
g
a
n
i
m
po
r
tan
t
r
ol
e
r
eg
ardi
ng
to
th
e
pr
oc
es
s
of
c
on
v
ers
i
on
b
etwe
en
th
e
l
i
g
ht
en
ergy
to
el
ec
tr
i
c
i
t
y
.
In
thi
s
me
as
ur
em
e
nt,
op
ti
c
a
l
or
l
i
gh
t
s
en
s
ors
are
us
ed
to
s
en
s
e
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
ph
en
o
me
n
o
ns
.
Cur
r
en
tl
y
,
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
of
the
op
t
i
c
al
s
en
s
or
ha
v
e
be
en
w
i
de
l
y
us
ed
i
n
the
f
i
e
l
d
of
en
ergy
s
av
i
ng
s
[1,
2]
,
i
m
ag
e
s
e
n
s
or
[3,
4]
,
l
i
gh
t
mo
n
i
tori
ng
[
5,
6],
bi
oc
h
em
i
c
al
[7,
8],
b
i
o
me
d
i
c
al
[9]
a
nd
oth
er
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
[1
0
-
12
]
.
A
few
nu
m
be
r
of
r
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r
c
h
i
n
th
e
s
e
ns
or
tec
hn
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og
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pe
c
i
al
l
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c
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l
s
en
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or
tha
t
i
s
s
ho
w
s
fr
om
a
l
i
tt
l
e
do
me
s
t
i
c
/l
oc
al
s
e
ns
or
pro
du
c
ti
o
n
s
ol
d
c
om
me
r
c
i
a
l
l
y
.
T
od
ay
,
a
r
en
ewab
l
e
en
ergy
i
s
be
i
n
g
en
c
ou
r
a
ge
d
s
pe
c
i
al
l
y
th
e
u
s
e o
f
s
ol
ar
c
el
l
.
S
ol
ar c
e
l
l
i
s
a
d
ev
i
c
e
tha
t
c
on
v
erts
the
en
ergy
of
l
i
g
ht
di
r
ec
tl
y
i
n
to
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
i
ty
by
ph
oto
v
o
l
ta
i
c
.
Dev
el
op
m
en
t
of
th
e
op
t
i
c
a
l
s
en
s
or
ba
s
ed
on
ph
ot
o
-
el
ec
tr
oc
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m
i
c
al
w
as
ob
ta
i
ne
d
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t
h
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ntrod
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l
m
dy
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s
en
s
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t
i
z
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ar
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el
l
s
prev
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o
us
l
y
[1
3
].
Ma
ny
s
tud
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are
r
ea
l
i
z
ed
on
th
e
dy
e
us
e
d
f
or
s
en
s
i
t
i
z
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ng
DS
S
C
s
i
nc
e
i
t
i
s
the
pri
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i
p
al
s
ou
r
c
e
o
f
the
ph
ot
o
-
ge
n
erate
d
c
urr
en
t
by
the
c
el
l
.
Ho
wev
er,
th
e
pri
c
e
of
thi
s
dy
e
s
tay
s
ev
en
h
i
g
he
r
.
Nev
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el
es
s
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t
he
na
t
ural
dy
e
be
c
om
es
mo
r
e
r
ea
l
c
on
c
urr
e
nt
to
an
arti
f
i
c
i
a
l
on
e,
as
th
e
eff
i
c
i
e
nc
y
of
c
el
l
s
e
ns
i
ti
z
ed
w
i
th
thi
s
d
y
e
r
em
a
i
ns
l
ow
[
14
].
T
he
prin
c
i
pl
e
an
d
the
r
es
e
arc
h
op
ti
c
a
l
s
en
s
or
fr
om
t
he
de
v
e
l
op
me
nt
o
f
DS
S
C
us
i
ng
T
i
O
2
as
the
a
c
ti
v
e
l
ay
er
wi
t
h
v
aria
ti
on
d
y
e
ha
s
be
e
n
c
h
arac
teri
z
ed
i
n
the
prev
i
o
us
r
es
ea
r
c
h
[
15
,
16
]
.
T
he
T
i
O
2
no
t
o
nl
y
h
as
att
r
ac
ti
v
e
ox
i
de
s
em
i
c
o
nd
u
c
tor
for
DS
S
C,
b
ut
a
l
s
o
s
ui
t
a
bl
e
for
s
en
s
or
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
[
17
,
18]
.
T
he
ba
s
i
c
pri
nc
i
pl
e o
f
DS
S
C i
s
s
ho
w
n i
n Fi
gu
r
e 1
.
T
ob
ac
c
o
ba
s
ed
c
i
ga
r
ett
e
f
ac
tori
es
i
n
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
ha
v
e
be
en
w
i
d
el
y
de
v
e
l
op
ed
.
T
h
e
da
ta
s
ho
w
t
ha
t
th
e
n
um
be
r
of
de
at
h
i
n
Ind
on
es
i
a
i
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
an
d
the
m
os
t
r
ea
s
o
n
of
t
he
de
ath
i
s
s
mo
k
i
ng
.
Reg
ardi
ng
to
t
ha
t
probl
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b
ec
om
e
t
he
d
i
l
e
mm
a
o
f
the
go
v
ernm
en
t
d
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to
th
e
r
e
are
op
ti
on
s
th
at
t
o
be
c
ho
s
en
i
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s
a
fe
t
ob
ac
c
o
f
armer
s
or
the
he
a
l
th
of
s
m
ok
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T
o
att
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nd
t
ha
t
probl
em
,
t
he
c
ha
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e
of
po
i
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of
v
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w
i
s
ne
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d.
T
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us
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of
to
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c
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po
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t
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of
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
9
07
-
1
91
3
1908
ma
ter
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T
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r
ba
s
ed
o
n
t
ob
ac
c
o
dy
e.
A
t
th
e
m
om
en
t,
s
o
ma
ny
r
es
ea
r
c
he
s
w
ork
i
n
s
en
s
or
b
ut
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
ors
are
bi
g
a
nd
us
e
no
n
-
r
en
ewab
l
e
ma
ter
i
al
s
. T
he
s
i
z
e
of
s
e
ns
or i
s
i
n
fl
u
en
c
e
to
t
he
us
e
of
s
en
s
or and
en
ergy
ha
r
v
es
ti
ng
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
D
S
S
C ba
s
i
c
pri
nc
i
pl
e f
or s
e
ns
or ap
pl
i
c
ati
on
T
he
prin
c
i
pl
e
of
t
he
op
ti
c
a
l
s
en
s
or
ba
s
ed
on
dy
e
an
d
T
i
O
2
r
efe
r
s
to
DS
S
C
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
W
h
i
l
e
the
ph
oto
n
s
fr
om
th
e
l
i
gh
t
s
ou
r
c
e
h
i
t
the
D
S
S
C,
th
e
e
ne
r
gy
of
p
ho
to
ns
wi
l
l
be
ab
s
orbe
d
by
the
dy
e
(
D)
tha
t
att
ac
he
s
to
T
i
O
2
pa
r
t
i
c
l
es
.
T
he
n
t
he
e
l
ec
tr
on
fr
o
m
the
dy
e
w
i
l
l
r
ec
ei
v
e
en
ergy
,
a
nd
t
he
e
l
ec
tr
on
s
wi
l
l
be
ex
i
ted
c
on
di
t
i
on
whi
l
e
dy
ei
ng
mo
l
ec
u
l
es
e
l
ec
tr
on
i
n
the
ex
c
i
t
ed
c
o
nd
i
ti
o
n (D*)
a
s
s
ho
wn i
n (1)
.
D
+
li
g
ht
→
D
*
(
1)
T
he
ex
c
i
ted
el
ec
tr
on
s
fr
om
dy
e
mo
l
ec
ul
es
wi
l
l
be
i
nj
e
c
ted
to
a
c
on
du
c
ti
on
b
an
d
of
T
i
O
2
an
d
the
dy
e
mo
l
ec
ul
es
i
n
s
tat
e
ox
i
d
ati
on
(
D
+
)
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
(
2).
T
h
en
the
el
ec
tr
on
w
i
l
l
b
e
tr
an
s
ferr
ed
t
o refer
en
c
e e
l
e
c
tr
od
e.
D*+
T
i
O
2
→
e
-
(
T
i
O
2
)+
D
+
(
2)
Redo
x
e
l
ec
tr
on
us
u
al
l
y
i
n
the
form
of
i
od
i
d
e
an
d
tr
i
i
o
di
de
(
I
-
/I
3
)
tha
t
ac
t
as
el
ec
tr
on
me
d
i
ato
r
t
he
n
ge
n
erate
c
y
c
l
e
i
n
a
c
el
l
.
T
r
i
-
i
od
i
de
fr
o
m
el
ec
tr
o
l
y
te
wi
l
l
c
a
tc
h
el
ec
tr
on
s
tha
t
c
o
me
fr
om
th
e
o
ute
r
c
i
r
c
ui
t
w
i
t
h
the
he
l
p
of
s
eri
es
c
arbo
n
mo
l
ec
u
l
es
as
a
c
at
al
y
s
t
.
T
he
ex
c
i
ted
el
ec
tr
on
s
w
i
l
l
r
etu
r
n
t
o
the
c
el
l
an
d
r
ea
c
t
w
i
th
e
l
ec
tr
o
l
y
te
i
n
to
th
e
ox
i
d
i
z
ed
dy
e
.
A
n
(
3)
s
ho
ws
the
e
l
ec
tr
o
l
y
te
w
hi
c
h
prov
i
d
e repl
ac
em
en
t
el
ec
tr
o
ns
fo
r
th
e
ox
i
da
ti
o
n d
y
e.
D
+
+
e
-
(
el
ec
tr
ol
y
t
e
)
→
el
ec
tr
ol
y
te
+
D
(
3)
T
he
s
ta
nd
ard
s
tr
uc
ture
of
t
he
s
e
ns
or
i
s
us
i
n
g
tw
o
T
C
O
gl
as
s
as
th
e
s
ub
s
tr
at
e
t
h
e
p
l
ac
e
of
es
tab
l
i
s
h
me
nt
of
the
ph
oto
-
el
ec
tr
od
e
an
d
c
ou
nte
r
el
ec
tr
od
e.
T
he
prin
c
i
pl
e
an
d
the
r
es
ea
r
c
h
op
ti
c
a
l
s
e
ns
or
fr
om
the
de
v
el
op
me
n
t
of
DS
S
C
us
i
n
g
T
i
O
2
as
th
e
ac
t
i
v
e
l
ay
er
wi
t
h
v
aria
t
i
o
n
dy
e
ha
s
be
e
n
c
ha
r
ac
t
eriz
ed
i
n
the
prev
i
ou
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
[
19
].
T
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
i
s
d
es
i
g
ne
d
an
d
an
a
l
y
z
ed
the
fab
r
i
c
ati
on
of
th
e
s
e
ns
or
wi
th
the
dy
e
c
h
l
orop
hy
l
l
tob
ac
c
o
ex
tr
ac
ti
on
w
i
th
l
o
w
te
mp
er
atu
r
e
proc
es
s
i
ng
as
s
oc
i
at
ed
wi
th
s
en
s
or
pe
r
forman
c
e
[
20
].
A
c
c
ordi
n
g
to
the
prev
i
ou
s
mi
c
r
ofa
bric
at
i
on
me
th
od
[
21
,
22
],
th
i
s
s
en
s
or
i
s
a
l
s
o
d
es
i
gn
ed
us
i
n
g
s
i
mp
l
e
tec
hn
i
qu
e.
T
o
e
nh
a
n
c
es
an
d
bu
i
l
ds
the
i
m
prov
em
en
t
i
n
s
e
ns
or
r
es
ea
r
c
h,
th
i
s
wor
k
s
o
n
d
es
i
gn
a
n
o
pti
c
a
l
s
en
s
or
us
es
tob
ac
c
o
dy
e
for
al
tern
ati
v
e
s
o
l
ut
i
on
,
ec
on
om
i
c
an
d
i
t
ea
s
y
to
fab
r
i
c
ate
.
T
he
a
i
ms
of
th
i
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
are
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
O
pti
c
al
s
en
s
or b
as
ed
o
n d
y
e
-
s
en
s
i
ti
z
e
d s
ol
ar c
el
l
… (
E
k
a
Ma
u
l
a
na
)
1909
an
a
l
i
z
e
the
pe
r
for
ma
nc
e
of
op
t
i
c
al
s
e
ns
or
i
n
for
m
v
ari
ati
o
n
a
nd
t
he
eff
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
of
dy
e
ab
s
orp
ti
o
n
as
el
ec
tr
o
n t
r
an
s
p
ort m
ed
i
u
m
r
efe
r
t
o t
h
e m
ea
s
urem
en
t m
et
ho
d
[23
-
2
7]
.
2.
Re
se
a
r
ch
Me
t
h
o
d
T
he
ex
pe
r
i
me
n
ta
l
proc
ed
u
r
e
to
fab
r
i
c
at
e
an
d
me
as
ure
the
o
pti
c
a
l
s
en
s
or
ba
s
ed
on
DS
S
C
i
s
s
ho
ws
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
In
th
i
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h,
the
de
s
i
gn
s
of
T
r
an
s
pa
r
en
t
Co
n
du
c
ti
v
e
O
x
i
d
e
(
T
CO
)
ha
v
e t
h
e s
am
e
s
ha
p
e o
f
s
q
ua
r
e
bu
t
di
ffe
r
e
nt
s
i
z
e a
n
d t
h
e s
am
e t
r
e
a
tm
en
t
i
s
c
on
du
c
te
d t
o
al
l
de
s
i
gn
s
.
T
h
e
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
s
en
s
or
areas
are
i
nd
i
c
a
ted
wi
th
area
1
an
d
are
a
2
of
1x
1
c
m
2
a
nd
2x
2 c
m
2
, res
p
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
E
x
pe
r
i
me
n
tal
pro
c
ed
ure
T
he
ma
ter
i
a
l
s
th
at
are
us
ed
i
n
th
i
s
de
s
i
gn
i
nc
l
u
de
d
T
i
O
2
po
w
de
r
,
P
o
l
y
v
i
ny
l
A
l
c
oh
o
l
(
P
V
A
)
an
d
a
qu
ad
es
.
T
i
O
2
pa
s
te
us
es
for
de
p
os
i
t
i
on
i
nto
T
CO
gl
as
s
.
T
i
O
2
po
wd
er
mi
x
e
d
w
i
th
1.5
grams
P
V
A
t
ha
t
h
as
be
en
ad
de
d
1
3.5
m
l
aq
ua
d
es
.
A
l
l
t
he
ma
teri
al
i
s
s
ti
r
e
d
us
e
ma
g
ne
t
i
c
s
ti
r
r
er
i
n
8
0˚C
du
r
i
ng
30
m
i
nu
tes
un
t
i
l
th
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
be
c
om
e
th
i
c
k
en
an
d
h
om
o
ge
n
.
T
hi
s
s
ol
u
ti
on
i
s
c
al
l
e
d
b
i
n
de
r
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n.
C
on
ti
nu
a
l
l
y
,
th
e
bi
n
de
r
s
ol
u
ti
on
i
s
m
i
x
ed
w
i
th
0.
5
gr
am
T
i
O
2
po
wd
er.
T
he
s
pi
n
c
oa
t
i
ng
me
t
ho
d
i
s
c
ho
s
en
i
n
th
i
s
proc
es
s
wh
ere
T
i
O
2
pa
s
te
i
s
c
oa
te
d
i
nto
T
CO
.
S
p
i
n
c
oa
ti
n
g
i
s
a
m
eth
o
d
c
oa
t
i
n
g
de
s
po
s
i
ti
o
n
i
n
ord
er
to
di
s
t
r
i
bu
te
th
e
l
i
q
u
i
d
us
i
n
g
h
i
gh
s
pe
ed
r
o
tat
i
on
(
10
00
r
p
m).
F
i
r
i
ng
pr
oc
es
s
us
i
ng
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
furn
ac
e,
th
e
te
mp
erature
i
s
s
ets
to
20
0o
C
for
3
0
mi
n
ute
s
.
It
ai
ms
t
o
ob
t
ai
n
t
he
pe
r
f
ec
t
att
ac
h
me
nt
be
t
ween
T
i
O
2
an
d
T
CO
gl
as
s
.
T
i
O
2
l
ay
er
i
s
s
oa
k
i
ng
i
nt
o
to
ba
c
c
o
dy
e
f
or
30
mi
n
ute
s
.
I
n
h
ere,
t
h
e
c
hl
or
op
hy
l
l
a
bs
orpt
i
on
i
s
ha
p
pe
n
ed
o
n
the
s
urfac
e
of
T
IO
2.
In
thi
s
r
es
e
arc
h,
th
e
c
arb
on
i
z
at
i
o
n
proc
es
s
i
s
do
n
e
by
he
ati
ng
the
c
o
nd
uc
t
i
v
e
s
i
de
of
gl
as
s
T
CO
on
a
c
a
nd
l
e
fl
a
me
d
urin
g
1
mi
nu
t
e
u
nti
l
the
c
on
du
c
ti
v
e
s
i
de
of
T
CO
gl
as
s
i
s
c
ov
ere
d
by
c
arbon.
T
h
e
e
l
ec
tr
o
l
i
t
i
s
g
i
v
en
to
t
he
T
i
O
2
by
dr
i
pp
i
n
g
the
el
ec
tr
ol
i
t
s
ol
ut
i
on
us
i
ng
p
i
p
ett
e
ar
ou
nd
5
drops
or
0.
25
m
l
.
T
he
el
ec
tr
ol
i
t
i
s
us
e
d
for
me
di
um
of
e
l
ec
tr
on
tr
an
s
po
r
t
fr
om
c
arbon
to
th
e
dy
e.
T
h
e
T
CO
ph
oto
e
l
ec
t
r
od
e
gl
as
s
i
s
a
tta
c
he
d
to
th
e
T
CO
c
o
un
t
er
el
ec
tr
od
e
i
n
l
ay
er for
m
an
d
c
l
am
p
ed
us
i
ng
c
l
i
p t
h
at
a
i
m
s
to
be
mo
r
e
de
ns
es
an
d
n
ot
s
hi
f
ti
n
g
.
3.
R
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
An
al
ys
is
3.1.
Ab
sorban
c
e
S
p
ec
t
r
a
T
he
to
ba
c
c
o
dy
e
pe
r
for
ms
the
ab
s
orb
an
c
e
o
f
t
he
v
i
s
i
bl
e
l
i
gh
t
at
40
0
-
7
00
n
m
wav
el
e
ng
t
h.
T
he
ab
s
orb
an
c
e
s
pe
c
tr
a
me
as
ureme
nt
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
T
he
l
e
v
el
of
t
ob
ac
c
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
9
07
-
1
91
3
1910
dy
e
ab
s
orpt
i
on
s
ho
ws
tha
t
tob
ac
c
o
dy
e
ha
s
th
e
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
of
v
i
s
i
bl
e
l
i
gh
t
ab
s
orpti
on
i
n
the
ma
x
i
mu
m
pe
ak
of
4
(
a
.u
)
at
a
wav
e
l
en
gth
o
f
4
00
-
5
50
nm
an
d
6
00
-
7
00
n
m
wi
th
m
i
n
i
m
um
ab
s
orba
nc
e o
c
c
urs
at
a
wa
v
el
en
gth
of
7
0
0
-
80
0 n
m
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
L
i
g
ht
a
bs
orbanc
e
s
pe
c
tr
a m
e
as
ureme
nt
3.2.
T
h
e
V
o
lt
age
Me
a
sur
ement
3.2.1
.
T
h
e
Inf
luen
c
e
of
S
e
n
sor Ar
ea
t
o
t
h
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
V
o
lt
age
O
utp
ut
v
ol
tag
e
me
as
urem
en
t
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
da
t
a
of
me
di
an
v
al
ue
us
i
ng
f
i
v
e
ti
me
s
me
as
ure
me
n
t
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
T
h
e
grap
h
s
ho
w
s
de
termi
na
t
i
on
c
oe
ffi
c
i
en
t
v
al
ue
(
R
2
)
of
ea
c
h
r
eg
r
es
s
i
o
n
r
es
ul
t
or
t
r
an
s
fer
fun
c
ti
on
i
s
n
ea
r
l
y
1.
It
me
an
s
the
v
o
l
tag
e
v
aria
b
l
e
c
an
b
e
ex
pl
a
i
ne
d
by
i
l
l
um
i
na
t
i
o
n
v
aria
b
l
e.
A
s
r
e
gres
s
i
on
e
qu
at
i
on
of
1
c
m
2
de
s
i
gn
s
en
s
or
s
ho
ws
the
n
um
be
r
of
R
2
=
0.
97
2
9
1,
m
ea
ns
97
%
of
v
ari
ati
o
n
ou
t
pu
t
v
ol
t
ag
e
c
an
be
ex
pl
a
i
ne
d
by
the
i
l
l
um
i
na
ti
o
n
v
ari
ati
on
(
3
%
i
s
ex
pl
ai
ne
d
by
an
o
the
r
v
aria
b
l
e).
A
no
t
he
r
v
aria
bl
e
i
s
proba
bl
y
i
n
order
to
eff
ec
t
by
tem
pe
r
at
ure,
to
ol
s
p
erfor
ma
nc
e a
nd
the
m
ate
r
i
al
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
T
h
e rel
ati
on
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
e
n a
r
e
a o
f
s
en
s
or d
es
i
gn
a
nd
o
utp
ut
v
ol
tag
e
3.2.2
.
T
h
e
Imp
a
ct
of
S
ens
o
r
Ar
e
a
t
o
t
h
e
Cu
r
r
ent
B
as
ed
o
n
the
da
t
a
of
me
di
an
v
al
u
e
us
i
n
g
fi
v
e
t
i
m
es
me
as
urem
en
t
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
B
as
ed
o
n
the
r
es
u
l
t,
i
t
s
ho
ws
tha
t
de
t
ermi
na
t
i
on
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
en
t
v
al
u
e
(
R
2
)
of
ea
c
h
r
e
gres
s
i
on
r
es
ul
t
or
tr
an
s
fer
fu
nc
ti
o
n
i
s
n
ea
r
l
y
1.
It
me
an
s
t
he
c
urr
en
t
v
aria
b
l
e
c
a
n
be
ex
pl
ai
ne
d
by
i
l
l
u
mi
na
t
i
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
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N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
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O
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en
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i
nc
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l
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t
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1
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he
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en
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3.2
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. Th
e I
n
f
luen
c
e of
Ra
d
iatio
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Tem
p
er
atu
r
e to
O
u
t
p
u
t
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a
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iatio
n
T
he
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erature
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c
e
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t
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l
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ge
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area
1
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a
2
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n
F
i
gu
r
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6.
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h
e
G
r
ap
h
o
f
t
em
pe
r
atu
r
e
r
ad
i
at
i
on
to
th
e
ou
t
pu
t
v
ol
t
ag
e
i
n
v
ari
ati
on
de
s
i
g
n
c
an
b
e
no
te
d
tha
t
th
e
te
mp
era
tur
e
of
r
ad
i
at
i
o
n
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
du
e
t
o
th
e
du
r
ati
on
o
f
t
i
me
r
a
di
ati
on
.
T
he
tem
pe
r
at
ure
ha
s
be
en
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
at
3
4
o
C,
th
i
s
r
es
ul
ted
t
he
ou
tpu
t
v
o
l
tag
e
al
s
o
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
.
Howev
er,
th
e
tem
pe
r
at
ure
ab
ov
e
34
o
C
di
d
no
t
g
i
v
e
s
i
gn
i
fi
c
a
nt
i
nc
r
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s
l
y
to
the
o
utp
ut
v
o
l
tag
e.
It
be
c
a
us
e
th
e
te
mp
er
atu
r
e
i
nc
r
e
as
l
y
r
i
s
e
t
ha
t
aff
ec
t
to
th
e
to
ba
c
c
o
dy
e
s
tr
uc
ture
i
s
d
am
ag
e.
It
al
s
o
po
s
s
i
b
l
e
tha
t
i
t
wor
k
s
be
y
on
d
ex
c
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ed
s
th
e
l
i
mi
t
l
i
gh
t
ab
s
orpt
i
o
n
an
d
h
i
gh
te
mp
erature
ex
po
s
ure h
as
be
en
d
on
e
s
o t
he
qu
al
i
ty
of
s
u
btrate
TC
O
i
s
de
c
r
ea
s
e.
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
T
h
e rel
ati
on
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
e
n a
r
e
a o
f
s
en
s
or des
i
gn
a
nd
ou
tp
ut
c
urr
en
t
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
T
h
e rel
ati
on
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
e
n a
r
e
a a
nd
tem
p
erature
3.3
.
S
ens
it
ivi
t
y An
aly
s
is
T
he
s
en
s
i
ti
v
i
ty
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
ba
s
ed
on
ou
tpu
t
v
o
l
tag
e
wi
t
h
fi
v
e
ti
me
s
me
as
ureme
nt
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1
a
nd
T
ab
l
e
2
.
T
he
hi
gh
es
t
s
en
s
i
ti
v
i
ty
of
the
s
en
s
or
was
ac
hi
ev
ed
by
0.9
81
7
an
d
0.9
7
29
, res
p
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
ab
el
1.
S
e
ns
i
ti
v
i
ty
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
S
e
ns
or wi
th
ar
ea
1
S
e
n
s
o
r
D
e
s
ign
V
o
lt
a
g
e
mea
s
.
-
n
E
q
u
a
t
ion
R
2
A
r
e
a
1
1
y
=
6
7
.
7
1
3
ln(
x
)
–
4
3
4
.
1
5
0
.
9
5
4
4
2
y
=
6
7
.
3
0
5
ln(
x
)
–
4
2
1
.
9
4
0
.
9
6
3
6
3
y
=
6
5
.
0
5
3
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x
)
–
3
9
4
.
5
2
0
.
9
7
3
4
4
y
=
6
4
.
7
8
7
ln(
x
)
–
3
8
7
.
6
7
0
.
9
7
0
5
5
y
=
6
4
.
8
3
4
ln(
x
)
–
3
8
2
.
1
8
0
.
9
8
1
7
T
ab
el
2.
S
e
ns
i
ti
v
i
ty
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
S
e
ns
or wi
th
ar
ea
2
S
e
n
s
o
r
D
e
s
ign
V
o
lt
a
g
e
mea
s
.
-
n
E
q
u
a
t
ion
R
2
A
r
e
a
2
1
y
=
4
0
.
9
5
6
ln(
x
)
–
5
5
.
3
5
5
0
.
9
4
7
8
2
y
=
3
9
.
2
1
2
ln(
x
)
–
4
1
.
4
7
9
0
.
9
4
1
3
3
y
=
4
2
.
1
0
9
ln(
x
)
–
7
2
.
1
0
7
0
.
9
7
2
9
4
y
=
3
9
.
2
6
7
ln(
x
)
–
4
6
.
5
8
7
0
.
9
5
9
1
5
y
=
4
3
.
5
5
5
ln(
x
)
–
8
8
.
5
6
9
0
.
9
6
8
2
3.4
.
Un
ce
r
t
a
int
y Anal
ys
i
s
T
he
un
c
erta
i
nty
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
T
ab
l
e
3
an
d
T
ab
l
e
4.
T
he
h
i
g
he
s
t
r
el
at
i
v
e
un
c
ertai
nty
v
a
l
ue
i
s
s
qu
ar
e
s
en
s
or
de
s
i
g
n
wi
t
h
t
he
s
ma
l
l
es
t
s
urfac
e
area
of
T
i
O
2
i
n
ar
ea
1
of
1.3
0
7%, a
nd
the
s
ma
l
l
es
t
u
nc
ertai
n
ty
v
al
u
e
i
s
an
op
t
i
c
al
s
e
ns
or tha
t h
as
th
e
l
ar
ge
s
t s
urfac
e a
r
ea
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
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17
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en
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t
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l
ev
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urac
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ue
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t
he
s
ma
l
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er
the
r
e
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at
i
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ertai
nty
l
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el
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e
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ns
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u
me
nt,
th
e
hi
gh
er the
l
ev
e
l
o
f a
c
c
urac
y
i
s
ac
hi
ev
ed
.
T
ab
l
e
3.
U
nc
erta
i
nty
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
S
en
s
or w
i
th
A
r
e
a
1
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(
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u
x
)
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m
V
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2
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%
)
500
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2
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6
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0
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2
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6
5
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nty
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Ref
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0
1
7
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9
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.
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1
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2
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4
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L
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.
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