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L
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A
T
elec
o
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m
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ica
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n,
Co
m
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t
ing
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lect
ro
n
ics a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
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er
2
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p
p
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ad
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8
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1
2
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2
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A.
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tions
M
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pta
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l,
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m
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a
n
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ics
E
n
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g
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P
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les
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n
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P
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ly
tec
h
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ic Un
iv
e
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,
P
a
les
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ld
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stit
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ra
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,
F
a
c
il
it
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f
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c
ien
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s,
Ab
d
e
lma
lek
Essa
â
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iv
e
rsity
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
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ed
Ma
r
2
2
,
2
0
2
0
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ev
is
ed
J
u
n
2
6
,
2
0
2
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ep
ted
J
u
l 9
,
2
0
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0
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lo
w
c
o
st
m
in
iat
u
rize
d
u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
(
UWB
)
m
icro
str
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
with
d
u
a
l
n
o
tch
e
d
b
a
n
d
fo
r
X
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
a
e
ro
n
a
u
ti
c
a
l
ra
d
io
n
a
v
i
g
a
ti
o
n
(ARN
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i
s
p
re
se
n
ted
in
t
h
is
a
rti
c
le.
T
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
(1
9
×
2
5
m
m
2
)
is
c
o
m
p
o
se
d
o
f
a
h
a
lf
-
c
ircu
lar
rin
g
a
s
a
ra
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iatio
n
p
a
tch
with
a
n
in
c
o
m
p
lete
g
ro
u
n
d
p
lan
e
.
T
h
e
m
e
a
su
re
d
re
su
lt
s
in
d
ica
te
a
fra
c
ti
o
n
a
l
b
a
n
d
wi
d
th
o
f
1
1
2
%
fo
r
11
≤
−
1
0
d
B
b
e
twe
e
n
3
t
o
1
0
.
6
G
Hz
.
Th
e
d
u
a
l
n
o
tc
h
e
d
b
a
n
d
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
c
h
ie
v
e
d
b
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
ra
t
in
g
win
d
o
w
sh
a
p
e
d
m
icro
stri
p
c
lo
se
d
r
in
g
re
so
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a
to
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t
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re
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r
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c
e
o
f
th
e
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e
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n
e
d
stru
c
tu
re
.
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h
e
first
n
o
tc
h
b
a
n
d
is
c
e
n
tere
d
a
t
7
.
5
G
Hz
(7
-
8
.
1
G
Hz
)
to
re
jec
t
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n
terfe
re
n
c
e
with
X
-
b
a
n
d
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
(
7
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2
5
to
7
.
7
4
G
Hz
)
a
n
d
se
c
o
n
d
b
a
n
d
c
e
n
tere
d
a
t
9
.
1
G
Hz
(8
.
6
-
9
.
4
G
Hz
)
to
re
jec
t
in
terfe
re
n
c
e
w
it
h
A
RN
(8
.
7
to
9
.
2
G
Hz
).
Th
e
sim
u
late
d
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
re
d
re
tu
r
n
lo
ss
,
ra
d
iatio
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
,
a
n
d
g
a
in
sh
o
ws
g
o
o
d
a
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
ich
c
o
n
firms
th
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
UWB
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
AR
N
b
an
d
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
Mo
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a
No
tch
ed
b
a
n
d
UW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
X
-
b
an
d
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
B
.
T
.
P.
Ma
d
h
av
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics &
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Ko
n
er
u
L
a
k
s
h
m
aiah
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
,
Gr
ee
n
Field
s
,
Vad
d
eswar
am
,
An
d
r
a
Pra
d
esh
-
5
2
2
5
0
2
,
I
n
d
ia
.
E
m
ail:
b
tp
m
ad
h
a
v
@
k
l
u
n
iv
er
s
i
ty
.
in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Af
ter
ea
r
ly
1
8
8
8
,
wh
e
n
Hein
r
i
ch
Her
tz
(
1
8
5
7
-
1
8
9
4
)
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
ad
io
wav
es,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
b
ec
o
m
es
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
al
ap
p
lian
ce
s
in
th
e
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ch
em
e
[
1
]
.
I
n
2
0
0
2
,
th
e
Fed
er
al
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
C
o
m
m
is
s
i
o
n
(
FC
C
)
s
an
ctio
n
ed
th
e
u
n
licen
s
ed
b
an
d
(
3
.
1
to
1
0
.
6
GHz
)
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
u
ltra
-
wid
eb
a
n
d
(
UW
B
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
]
.
Sin
ce
th
en
,
UW
B
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
v
er
y
attr
a
ctiv
e
an
d
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
d
u
e
to
its
wid
eb
an
d
ch
a
r
ac
te
r
is
tics
.
T
h
is
is
s
u
e
h
as
in
s
p
ir
ed
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ef
f
ici
en
t
UW
B
an
ten
n
as.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
as
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
v
er
y
p
o
p
u
lar
o
win
g
to
th
eir
ap
p
ea
lin
g
lig
h
t
weig
h
t,
c
o
m
p
a
ct
s
ize,
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
an
d
s
im
p
le
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
[
3
-
5
]
.
R
ec
en
tly
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
h
av
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
o
n
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
wid
eb
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
b
y
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m
p
lem
en
tin
g
etc
h
ed
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ec
h
an
is
m
[
6
]
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
q
u
ar
e
-
s
h
ap
ed
o
p
e
n
-
lo
o
p
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
7
]
.
Mu
ltib
a
n
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
i
ev
ed
b
y
em
p
lo
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g
a
s
lo
tted
p
atch
[
8
]
,
d
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ec
ted
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
[
9
]
,
a
n
d
p
ar
asit
ic
o
p
en
-
l
o
o
p
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
Similar
ly
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KOM
NI
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T
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o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
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n
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A
min
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r
iz
ed
p
r
in
ted
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
d
u
a
l n
o
tch
in
g
f
o
r
X
-
b
a
n
d
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n
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… (
Mo
h
a
mma
d
A
h
ma
d
S
a
la
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)
2869
th
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ch
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UW
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ab
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r
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m
m
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p
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wh
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av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
p
a
r
asit
ic
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
2
0
]
,
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
lo
t
lo
ad
ed
p
atch
an
d
co
p
lan
ar
wa
v
eg
u
id
e
(
C
PW
)
f
ee
d
in
g
[
2
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,
ellip
tical
r
ad
iato
r
with
s
lo
t
lo
ad
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
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[
2
2
]
,
s
h
ar
ed
r
ad
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2
3
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s
tu
b
lo
ad
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[
2
4
]
,
etch
in
g
o
v
e
r
lap
p
ed
U
s
h
ap
e
d
an
d
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
[
2
5
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,
m
a
p
l
e
leaf
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
[
2
6
]
,
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
M
-
s
h
a
p
ed
s
lo
t
a
n
d
C
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
tr
ip
[
2
7
]
,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
b
an
d
g
ap
(
E
B
G
)
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
2
8
]
,
C
PW
f
ed
s
p
lit
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
2
9
]
,
cr
o
s
s
ed
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
-
lo
ad
in
g
[
3
0
]
,
tap
e
r
ed
r
ad
iatin
g
elem
en
t
[
3
1
]
,
s
tr
ip
lo
ad
i
n
g
[
3
2
]
,
f
r
ac
tal
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
with
tr
ap
ez
o
i
d
al
r
in
g
s
[
3
3
]
,
a
n
d
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
3
4
]
.
B
u
t
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
UW
B
a
n
ten
n
as
(
ex
ce
p
t
[
31
]
)
wer
e
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
cr
ea
te
n
o
tch
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
W
L
AN
an
d
/o
r
Wi
-
MA
X
ap
p
licatio
n
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
also
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
with
b
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
th
e
m
o
d
el
in
te
n
d
ed
is
d
is
tin
ct
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
0
-
3
4
]
.
W
e
aim
is
to
cr
ea
t
e
d
u
al
n
o
tch
b
an
d
s
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
X
b
a
n
d
(
d
o
wn
lin
k
)
an
d
ae
r
o
n
au
tical
n
av
ig
atio
n
(
AN)
with
th
e
UW
B
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
d
u
al
b
an
d
n
o
tch
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ac
h
iev
ed
u
s
in
g
win
d
o
w
s
h
ap
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
clo
s
ed
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
wh
ich
ar
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
tch
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
a
n
d
(
7
-
8
.
1
GHz
)
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
th
e
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
7
.
2
5
-
7
.
7
4
GHz
)
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
t
ch
b
an
d
(
8
.
6
-
9
.
4
GHz
)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
p
r
ev
en
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
ae
r
o
n
au
tica
l
r
ad
io
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
(
8
.
7
-
9
.
2
G
Hz)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
UW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
b
an
d
in
a
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
an
d
with
h
ig
h
er
g
ain
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
UW
B
an
ten
n
as
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
[
2
0
-
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
ac
t
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
g
ai
n
,
g
o
o
d
im
p
e
d
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
wid
e
b
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
m
u
lti
-
b
an
d
f
ilter
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
to
elim
in
ate
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
an
d
ae
r
o
n
au
tica
l
r
ad
io
n
av
ig
atio
n
)
with
th
e
UW
B
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
ea
r
ly
Om
n
i
-
d
ir
e
ctio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
at
th
e
H
p
lan
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
m
ak
es
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
ten
n
a
a
p
r
ef
e
r
ab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
u
ltra
-
wid
eb
a
n
d
(
UW
B
)
d
ev
ices.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
d
esig
n
lay
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
l
o
w
co
s
t
1
.
6
m
m
th
ick
FR
-
4
m
ater
ial
with
a
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
o
f
4
.
4
a
n
d
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
0
.
0
2
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
h
alf
r
in
g
-
sh
ap
e
d
r
ad
iatin
g
p
atch
an
d
p
a
r
tial
r
ec
tan
g
u
la
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
two
win
d
o
w
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
clo
s
ed
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
ar
e
lo
ad
ed
at
th
e
b
ac
k
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
n
o
tch
e
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
b
an
d
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
7
.
6
a
n
d
9
.
2
GHz
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Hen
ce
,
it
ca
n
r
ejec
t
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
with
X
-
b
an
d
an
d
ae
r
o
n
au
tic
al
r
ad
io
n
av
ig
atio
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
in
iatu
r
ized
a
n
ten
n
a
(
1
9
×
2
5
m
m
2
)
is
f
ed
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
5
0
-
o
h
m
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
was
s
im
u
lated
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
C
ST
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
id
ea
l d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
t
en
n
a.
T
ab
le
1
.
S
tru
c
tu
ra
l
d
ime
n
si
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
n
ten
n
a
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
(
mm
)
W
25
L2
1
L
5
L3
6
Lg
2
.
9
L4
3
.
7
Wf
6
.
6
R3
0
.
8
R1
4
.
5
R4
1
.
7
R2
2
d1
4
d2
1
.
8
3.
ST
RUC
T
UR
AL
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
O
F
T
H
E
ANT
E
NNA
3
.
1
.
Str
uct
ure
o
f
UWB
a
nte
nn
a
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
UW
B
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
lated
S
11
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
s
.
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ca
s
es
o
f
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
First
ly
,
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
a
n
ten
n
a
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
a
s
em
i
-
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
a
n
d
a
p
ar
tial
g
r
o
u
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
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L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
6
8
-
2
8
7
7
2870
p
lan
e
to
o
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tain
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o
p
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im
p
ed
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n
ce
b
an
d
wid
t
h
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
ca
s
e
I
)
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
(
ca
s
e
I
)
th
at
th
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d
esig
n
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m
b
i
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atio
n
o
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th
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te
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n
a
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th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
(
3
.
0
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9
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8
GHz
)
wh
ic
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d
id
n
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t
s
atis
f
y
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
o
f
UW
B
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
y
in
s
er
tin
g
a
s
m
all
cir
cu
lar
s
h
ap
e
as
d
ef
ec
ted
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
DM
S)
i
n
th
e
c
en
ter
o
f
th
e
r
a
d
iatin
g
s
e
mi
-
cir
c
u
lar
p
atch
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
ca
s
e
I
I
)
,
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
an
te
n
n
a
was
ex
ten
d
ed
b
y
7
0
0
MH
z
an
d
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
3
.
1
to
1
0
.
6
GHz
[
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
(
ca
s
e
I
I
)
]
,
wh
ich
ca
n
s
atis
f
y
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
UW
B
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
im
u
lated
g
ain
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
esig
n
ca
s
es
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
As
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
lig
h
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
g
ain
v
alu
es
at
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
in
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
as
d
ep
icte
d
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
es
ig
n
ca
s
es.
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
b
a
n
d
wid
th
(
%)
f
o
r
th
e
two
ca
s
es o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
g
e
o
m
etr
y
is
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
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B
an
ten
n
a;
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e,
(
b
)
b
ac
k
s
id
e
,
(
c)
b
a
n
d
n
o
t
ch
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
C
ase
I
C
ase
I
I
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
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r
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ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a
)
.
11
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t d
esig
n
s
tep
s
,
(
b
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g
ain
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t d
esig
n
s
tep
s
Tab
le 2
.
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
b
a
n
d
wi
d
t
h
s fo
r
d
iffere
n
t
d
e
sig
n
c
a
se
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C
a
ses
−
1
0
d
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mp
e
d
a
n
c
e
b
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n
d
w
i
d
t
h
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n
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C
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se
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-
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2
C
a
se
I
I
3
.
1
-
1
0
.
6
1
0
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.
4
3
.
1
.
1
.
Str
uct
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o
f
UWB
no
t
ched
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nte
nn
a
Ma
n
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m
m
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ig
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ec
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W
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h
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m
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i
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ter
ac
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th
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en
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ec
tr
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m
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ea
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er
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er
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ce
p
r
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lem
s
f
o
r
UW
B
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tem
s
with
o
th
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
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m
p
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ten
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w
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a
l n
o
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h
ma
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a
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y
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h
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el
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h
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im
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ic
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ip
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at
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th
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r
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p
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ten
n
a
with
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im
en
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io
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p
ar
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ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
b
asic
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ten
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a
s
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u
ctu
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As th
e
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ir
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t o
r
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esti
m
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s
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th
e
to
tal
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g
th
o
f
th
e
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er
tical
ar
m
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o
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th
e
r
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n
ato
r
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ca
n
b
e
c
h
o
s
en
as h
alf
o
f
th
e
g
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id
e
d
wav
elen
g
th
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
[
3
5
]
:
=
2
=
2
∗
ℎ
∗
√
∈
(
1
)
w
h
er
e,
Ɛ
=
∈
+
1
2
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
esig
n
e
v
alu
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
with
d
u
al
b
a
n
d
r
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ca
p
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
v
alu
es o
f
s
im
u
lated
S
11
p
ar
am
et
er
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
tan
d
in
g
wav
e
r
atio
(
VSW
R
)
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
esig
n
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
As
n
o
ticed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
ca
s
e
I
)
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
wid
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
r
an
g
e
wh
ich
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
c
o
v
er
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
UW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
ca
s
e
I
I
)
th
at
t
h
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
f
ir
s
t
clo
s
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
r
in
g
r
e
s
o
n
ato
r
cr
ea
tes
a
s
in
g
le
n
o
tch
b
an
d
b
u
t
th
e
r
ejec
tio
n
lev
el
is
n
o
t
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
11
lev
el.
T
h
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
u
al
b
a
n
d
n
o
tc
h
es
is
v
er
y
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
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o
f
th
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ec
o
n
d
clo
s
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
ca
s
e
I
I
I
)
]
.
B
y
p
r
o
p
er
ly
a
d
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s
tin
g
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
ese
r
in
g
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
b
an
d
n
o
tch
ed
i
s
ce
n
ter
ed
a
t
7
.
5
GHz
with
a
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
(
6
.
9
-
8
.
0
GHz
)
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
w
n
lin
k
(
7
.
2
5
-
7
.
7
4
GHz
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
b
a
n
d
is
ce
n
ter
ed
at
9
.
1
GHz
with
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
(
8
.
7
-
9
.
5
GHz
)
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
ae
r
o
n
a
u
ti
ca
l
r
ad
io
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
(
8
.
7
-
9
.
2
GHz
)
.
C
ase
I
C
ase
I
I
C
ase
I
I
I
C
ase
I
C
ase
I
I
C
ase
I
I
I
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Desig
n
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
a
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
v
al
u
e
s
;
(
a)
Simu
lated
11
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ca
s
es,
(
b
)
VSW
R
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ca
s
es
4.
P
ARAM
E
T
R
I
C
ANA
L
Y
SI
S
So
m
e
p
ar
am
etr
ic
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
C
ST
s
o
f
twar
e
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
attain
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
o
u
tco
m
e
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
d
is
tin
ct
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a.
4
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
a
nte
nn
a
pa
ra
m
et
er
L
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
with
v
ar
io
u
s
L
g
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
l
an
e
L
g
h
as
s
tr
o
n
g
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
an
d
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
ce
n
ter
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
m
o
d
er
ately
c
h
an
g
e
d
.
T
h
e
o
p
t
im
ized
v
alu
e
o
f
L
g
is
5
m
m
.
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I
SS
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:
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3
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Vo
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,
No
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6
,
Dec
em
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e
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2
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Th
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th
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tical
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m
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f
d
o
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b
le
m
icr
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ip
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g
s
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wh
ich
d
e
n
o
ted
as
L
1
ar
e
s
tu
d
ied
.
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
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,
i
f
th
e
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al
u
e
o
f
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1
=
7
m
m
,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
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b
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d
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f
th
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n
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n
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z
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d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
lf
ill
t
h
e
b
an
d
wid
th
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
UW
B
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Als
o
,
th
er
e
is
a
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
s
h
if
t
in
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
n
o
tch
e
d
b
an
d
s
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
AR
N
(
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.
7
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9
.
2
GHz
)
wh
en
d
esig
n
ed
with
L
1
=
7
m
m
.
Sim
ilar
ly
,
wh
en
L
1
is
ch
an
g
ed
to
5
m
m
,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
4
0
0
MH
z
b
u
t
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
s
is
s
h
if
ted
in
s
u
ch
a
wa
y
th
at
th
e
i
n
ten
d
e
d
ap
p
licatio
n
b
an
d
s
(
7
.
2
5
to
7
.
7
4
GHz
f
o
r
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
an
d
8
.
7
to
9
.
2
GHz
f
o
r
AR
N)
ar
e
n
o
t
c
o
v
er
e
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
co
v
er
s
th
e
UW
B
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
with
d
u
al
n
o
tch
in
g
f
o
r
x
b
an
d
an
d
AR
N
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
ly
wh
en
d
esig
n
ed
with
L
1
=
6
m
m
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
al
u
e
o
f
L
1
is
s
elec
ted
as
6
m
m
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Simu
lated
S
11
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
d
if
f
er
en
t le
n
g
th
s
(
L
g
)
o
f
p
ar
tial g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
(
b
)
d
if
f
er
en
t le
n
g
th
s
o
f
L
1
4
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
a
nte
nn
a
pa
ra
m
et
er
L
2
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
s
im
u
lated
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
L
2
ar
e
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
a
n
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
em
ain
s
u
n
af
f
ec
t
ed
with
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
L
2
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
tch
ed
b
a
n
d
is
s
lig
h
tly
af
f
ec
ted
.
W
h
en
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
p
ar
am
eter
‘
L
2
’
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
m
m
to
2
m
m
,
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
tch
e
d
b
an
d
is
s
h
if
ted
f
r
o
m
7
.
6
to
7
.
8
GHz
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
L
2
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
.
W
h
en
L
2
=
1
m
m
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tc
h
ed
b
a
n
d
ca
n
co
v
e
r
in
ten
d
e
d
AR
N
ap
p
licatio
n
s
(
8
.
7
-
9
.
2
G
Hz)
.
An
y
f
u
r
th
er
ch
a
n
g
e
in
L
2
s
u
ch
as
1
.
5
m
m
an
d
2
m
m
s
h
if
ts
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
b
a
n
d
.
So
,
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
L
2
is
1
m
m
.
4
.
4
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
a
nte
nn
a
pa
ra
m
et
er
d1
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
d
1
p
ar
am
e
ter
.
W
h
en
d
1
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
2
m
m
to
6
m
m
,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
is
s
h
if
ted
f
r
o
m
9
to
9
.
5
GHz
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
is
n
o
t
af
f
ec
te
d
at
all.
As
n
o
ticed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
,
wh
en
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
d
u
al
r
in
g
s
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
,
th
is
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
u
p
lin
g
ef
f
ec
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
in
g
s
,
h
en
ce
th
is
will
d
estro
y
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
co
m
p
letely
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
alu
e
o
f
d
1
is
4
m
m
.
4
.
5
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
a
nte
nn
a
pa
ra
m
et
er
d2
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
p
ar
am
ete
r
d
2
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
as
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
.
W
h
en
d
1
is
ch
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
0
to
2
.
8
0
m
m
,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
n
o
tc
h
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
9
to
9
.
7
GHz
,
wh
ile
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
is
s
lig
h
tly
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
7
.
4
to
7
.
6
GHz
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
w
h
en
d
2
is
s
et
0
.
8
m
m
,
th
is
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
m
a
d
e
b
o
th
n
o
tch
es
as
a
s
in
g
le
n
o
tch
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
wh
e
n
d
2
is
s
et
to
b
e
2
.
8
0
m
m
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
a
n
d
is
s
lig
h
tly
d
is
ap
p
e
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
v
alu
e
o
f
d
2
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
1
.
8
0
m
m
.
4
.
6
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
a
nte
nn
a
pa
ra
m
et
er
R2
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
lat
ed
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
(
S
11
)
v
s
.
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
p
lo
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
d
esig
n
p
a
r
am
eter
‘
R
2
’
.
I
f
R
2
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
m
m
to
3
m
m
,
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
is
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
9
GHz
to
9
.
5
GHz
,
wh
ile
th
e
f
ir
s
t n
o
tch
e
d
b
a
n
d
is
s
h
if
ted
to
7
.
8
GHz
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
ten
n
a
r
em
ain
s
u
n
a
f
f
ec
ted
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
min
ia
tu
r
iz
ed
p
r
in
ted
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
d
u
a
l n
o
tch
in
g
f
o
r
X
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
… (
Mo
h
a
mma
d
A
h
ma
d
S
a
la
min
)
2873
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Simu
lated
S
11
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
d
if
f
er
en
t le
n
g
th
s
o
f
L
2
,
an
d
(
b
)
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t le
n
g
th
s
o
f
d
1
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Simu
lated
S
11
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
d
if
f
er
en
t le
n
g
th
s
o
f
d
2
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
d
if
f
er
e
n
t le
n
g
th
s
o
f
R
2
5.
CURR
E
NT
D
I
ST
RI
B
UT
I
O
N
ANALY
SI
S
T
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
UW
B
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
e
a
n
a
ly
ze
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
at
th
e
n
o
tch
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
7
.
6
an
d
9
.
2
G
Hz,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
in
Fig
u
r
es
9
an
d
1
0
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
ig
u
r
es
clar
if
y
th
e
d
u
al
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
f
ea
tu
r
e
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
en
s
i
ty
is
n
o
ted
to
b
e
h
e
av
ily
l
o
ca
lized
at
th
e
ed
g
es
o
f
th
e
r
in
g
s
wh
ich
cr
ea
ted
th
e
n
o
tch
es.
So
,
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
es
9
an
d
1
0
,
it
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
s
h
o
ws
b
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
at
th
ese
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
b
a
n
d
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
with
n
o
tch
f
ea
tu
r
es a
t 7
.
6
GHz
;
(
a
)
f
r
o
n
t sid
e
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
s
id
e
(
a)
(
b)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
an
te
n
n
a
with
n
o
tch
f
ea
tu
r
es a
t 9
.
2
GHz
;
(
a
)
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e
,
a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
s
id
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
6
8
-
2
8
7
7
2874
6.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
ST
)
s
o
f
twar
e
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
n
ten
n
a
was
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tally
c
h
ec
k
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
ten
n
a
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
(
c
o
m
p
u
ted
b
y
C
ST
s
o
f
twar
e)
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
(
u
s
in
g
An
r
its
u
MS2
0
0
3
8
C
VNA)
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
As
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
te
d
an
d
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lt
r
ev
ea
ls
a
v
e
r
y
well
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
tin
y
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
n
o
ted
m
ain
ly
d
u
e
to
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
ld
er
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
SMA
co
n
n
ec
to
r
an
d
to
ler
an
ce
in
th
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
-
1
0
d
B
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
e
x
te
n
d
ed
f
r
o
m
3
to
1
0
.
6
GHz
to
co
v
er
m
o
s
t
wir
eless
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
UW
B
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
.
I
t
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
p
r
esen
ts
an
ex
ce
llen
t
X
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
r
ejec
tio
n
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
7
to
8
.
1
GHz
an
d
AR
N
r
ejec
tio
n
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
8
.
6
to
9
.
4
GHz
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
with
UW
B
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
s
im
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
g
ain
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
(
U
W
B
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
)
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
I
t
is
n
o
ticed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
th
at
t
h
e
p
ea
k
g
ain
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ea
ch
es
4
.
5
3
d
B
i.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
in
g
ain
at
th
e
n
o
tch
b
an
d
s
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
wh
ich
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
b
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
T
h
e
co
p
o
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
E
an
d
H
p
lan
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
a
tter
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
at
3
.
5
an
d
5
.
5
GHz
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
es
1
4
an
d
1
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
la
r
ized
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ield
s
in
E
an
d
H
p
l
an
es
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
6
(
a
)
an
d
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
at
b
o
th
E
an
d
H
p
la
n
es
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
3
0
d
B
d
o
wn
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
co
p
o
lar
izat
io
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
in
th
e
E
p
lan
e
o
f
f
er
s
alm
o
s
t
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
-
lik
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
an
d
a
n
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
o
m
n
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
H
p
lan
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
ef
f
icien
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
s
ig
n
als
b
y
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
.
T
h
e
s
etu
p
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
a
tter
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
two
an
ten
n
a
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
s
tan
d
ar
d
g
ain
h
o
r
n
o
n
th
e
l
ef
t
s
id
e
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
ttin
g
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
ten
n
a
p
lace
d
a
t
th
e
r
ig
h
t
s
id
e
is
u
s
ed
as
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
an
d
th
e
g
ain
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
t
u
r
n
ta
b
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
etu
p
an
d
d
r
iv
i
n
g
s
o
f
twar
e
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
f
a
b
r
icate
d
p
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
an
ten
n
a
;
(
a)
to
p
v
iew
(
b
)
b
o
tto
m
v
iew
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
S
11
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
3
.
G
a
i
n
v
s
.
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
Tab
le 3
.
S
imu
late
d
a
n
d
m
e
a
su
re
d
re
su
lt
s o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
n
te
n
n
a
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
−
1
0
d
B
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
H
z
)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
R
e
t
u
r
n
l
o
ss
(
d
B
)
1
st
n
o
t
c
h
b
a
n
d
(
G
H
z
)
2
nd
n
o
t
c
h
b
a
n
d
(
G
H
z
)
P
e
a
k
g
a
i
n
(
d
B
i
)
S
i
mu
l
a
t
e
d
3
.
1
5
−
1
0
.
6
23
6
.
9
−
8
.
1
8
.
5
−
9
.
3
4
.
4
M
e
a
su
r
e
d
3
−
1
0
.
6
26
7
−
8
.
1
8
.
6
−
9
.
4
4
.
5
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
min
ia
tu
r
iz
ed
p
r
in
ted
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
d
u
a
l n
o
tch
in
g
f
o
r
X
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
… (
Mo
h
a
mma
d
A
h
ma
d
S
a
la
min
)
2875
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
im
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
at
3
.
5
GHz
;
(
a)
E
-
p
la
n
e
an
d
(
b
)
H
-
p
lan
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
im
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
(
co
-
p
o
l)
at
5
.
5
GHz
;
(
a)
E
-
p
la
n
e
an
d
(
b
)
H
-
p
lan
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
Simu
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
(
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
l)
at
3
.
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
5
GHz
;
(
a)
E
p
lan
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
H
p
lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t setu
p
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
6
8
-
2
8
7
7
2876
7.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
A
NAL
YS
I
S O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
S
E
D
A
NT
E
NNA
W
I
T
H
SO
M
E
O
T
H
E
R
UW
B
B
AND
-
NO
T
CH
E
D
AN
T
E
N
NAS
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
an
ten
n
a
with
o
th
e
r
r
ep
o
r
te
d
an
ten
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
[
2
0
-
3
3
]
in
r
esp
ec
t
o
f
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
g
ain
a
n
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
n
o
tch
b
an
d
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
A
clea
r
co
n
clu
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
e
tab
le
th
at
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
r
ec
en
tly
r
ep
o
r
ted
an
ten
n
as
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
o
tch
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
W
i
-
MA
X
an
d
W
L
AN
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
h
as a
ch
iev
ed
th
e
n
o
tch
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
f
o
r
ae
r
o
n
au
tical
r
ad
io
n
a
v
ig
atio
n
as
well
as
X
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
a
v
er
y
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
an
d
well
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
v
alu
es
o
f
g
ain
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
ten
n
a
i
s
ca
p
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
UW
B
s
y
s
tem
s
wi
th
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
f
o
r
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
w
n
lin
k
an
d
AR
N
with
th
e
s
m
allest
an
ten
n
a
s
ize
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
e
r
r
ec
en
tly
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
UW
B
an
ten
n
as.
Tab
le 4
.
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
wit
h
re
p
o
rte
d
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
e
d
UWB
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
W
o
r
k
s
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
S
i
z
e
L
W
(
mm
2
)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
i
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
Ɛ
)
P
e
a
k
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
i
)
N
o
.
o
f
N
o
t
c
h
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
N
o
t
c
h
b
a
n
d
[
2
0
]
32
×
24
3
4
.
4
7
2
W
LA
N
,
I
TU
[
2
1
]
30
×
20
4
.
4
4
.
2
2
Wi
-
M
A
X
,
W
LA
N
[
2
2
]
25
×
25
4
.
3
4
2
W
LA
N
,
X
-
b
a
n
d
[
2
3
]
41
×
41
4
.
4
3
.
1
2
Wi
-
M
A
X
,
W
LA
N
[
2
4
]
26
×
27
4
.
4
4
.
5
2
Wi
-
M
A
X
,
W
LA
N
[
2
5
]
26
×
32
4
.
4
NR
1
W
LA
N
[
2
6
]
33
×
34
2
.
2
3
.
9
6
2
X
-
b
a
n
d
[
2
7
]
25
×
25
4
.
4
3
.
5
2
Wi
-
M
A
X
,
W
LA
N
[
2
8
]
52
×
40
2
.
2
NR
2
Wi
-
M
A
X
,
I
N
S
A
T
[
2
9
]
50
×
50
2
.
3
3
2
.
1
2
W
LA
N
[
3
0
]
64
×
50
4
.
4
NR
1
W
LA
N
[
3
1
]
2
4
.
1
×
2
1
.
8
NR
4
2
C
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
X
-
b
a
n
d
[
3
2
]
38
×
30
4
.
4
4
.
5
1
W
LA
N
[
3
3
]
36
×
36
4
.
4
3
.
3
2
LTE,
W
i
-
M
A
X
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
W
o
r
k
25
×
19
4
.
4
4
.
5
3
2
X
-
b
a
n
d
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
,
A
e
r
o
n
a
u
t
i
c
a
l
r
a
d
i
o
n
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
(
A
R
N
)
N
R
=
N
o
t
R
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
8.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e
f
ed
c
o
m
p
ac
t
p
r
in
ted
d
u
al
b
an
d
-
n
o
tch
ed
U
W
B
an
ten
n
a
to
av
o
id
c
o
llis
io
n
o
f
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
an
d
ae
r
o
n
a
u
tical
r
ad
io
n
av
ig
atio
n
(
AR
N)
with
UW
B
b
an
d
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
A
n
o
v
el
b
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
th
e
b
ac
k
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
to
ac
tiv
ate
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
f
ea
t
u
r
es.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
d
o
u
b
le
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
r
i
n
g
r
e
s
o
n
ato
r
u
n
it
ce
ll.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
S
11
p
ar
a
m
eter
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
an
ten
n
a
h
as
ac
h
iev
ed
an
o
p
e
r
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
(
11
≤
−
1
0
d
B
)
f
r
o
m
3
GHz
to
1
0
.
6
GHz
,
to
co
v
er
th
e
UW
B
r
an
g
e,
ex
ce
p
t
a
n
o
tch
ed
b
an
d
7
to
8
.
1
GHz
(
X
-
b
an
d
d
o
wn
lin
k
)
an
d
8
.
6
t
o
9
.
4
GHz
(
ae
r
o
n
au
tical
r
a
d
io
n
av
ig
atio
n
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
s
tab
l
e
Om
n
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
alo
n
g
wit
h
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ain
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
t
en
n
a
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
u
ltra
-
wid
eb
an
d
(
UW
B
)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
He
rtz H.
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Wav
e
s,
”
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
M
a
c
mill
a
n
a
n
d
Co
,
1
8
9
3
.
[2
]
Th
e
F
e
d
e
ra
l
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
C
o
m
m
issio
n
,
“
Re
v
is
i
o
n
o
f
P
a
rt
1
5
o
f
th
e
C
o
m
m
issio
n
’s
R
u
les
Re
g
a
rd
in
g
Ultra
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
Tran
sm
issio
n
S
y
ste
m
s
,”
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
M.
A.
S
a
lam
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
lo
w
p
ro
fil
e
d
u
a
l
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
a
n
o
v
e
l
o
h
m
(Ω
)
sh
a
p
e
d
DMS
a
n
d
se
m
i
-
c
ircu
lar
DG
S
fo
r
wire
les
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
AE
U
-
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
9
7
,
p
p
.
45
-
5
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
S.
Da
s
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
m
in
iatu
rize
d
m
u
lt
ifreq
u
e
n
c
y
m
icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
w
a
v
e
s a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
5
-
1
1
6
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
5
]
S.
D
a
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
n
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
d
L
-
s
h
a
p
e
d
s
l
o
t
-
l
o
a
d
e
d
m
i
c
r
o
s
t
r
i
p
p
a
t
c
h
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
s
i
z
e
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
w
a
v
e
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,”
v
o
l
.
29,
n
o
.
7
,
pp.
874
-
8
9
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
M.
A.
S
a
lam
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
e
tch
e
d
-
su
b
stra
te
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
f
o
r
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
X
b
a
n
d
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
p
rin
te
d
m
o
n
o
p
o
le an
te
n
n
a
,
”
M
icr
o
sy
st T
e
c
h
n
o
l
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
A.
Bo
u
tej
d
a
r
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
a
c
t
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
S
i
n
g
le
O
p
e
n
L
o
o
p
Re
so
n
a
to
r
fo
r
Wi
re
les
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
T
EL
KOM
N
IKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o.
5
,
p
p
.
2
0
2
3
-
2
0
3
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
S
.
Da
s
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
ifi
e
d
π
-
s
h
a
p
e
d
S
l
o
t
Lo
a
d
e
d
M
u
lt
ifreq
u
e
n
c
y
M
icro
strip
A
n
ten
n
a
,
”
Pro
g
re
ss
in
E
lec
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
B
,
v
o
l.
6
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
103
-
1
1
7
,
2
0
1
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
min
ia
tu
r
iz
ed
p
r
in
ted
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
d
u
a
l n
o
tch
in
g
f
o
r
X
-
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
… (
Mo
h
a
mma
d
A
h
ma
d
S
a
la
min
)
2877
[9
]
S
.
Da
s
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
m
in
iatu
rize
d
m
u
lt
ires
o
n
a
n
t
wid
e
b
a
n
d
slo
tt
e
d
m
icro
strip
a
n
te
n
n
a
with
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
g
ro
u
n
d
p
lan
e
,
”
I
EE
E
An
te
n
n
a
s a
n
d
W
ire
l
e
ss
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
6
0
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
A.
Bo
u
tejd
e
r
a
n
d
B.
I.
Ha
li
m
,
“
A
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
N
o
v
e
l
M
icro
stri
p
P
a
tch
An
ten
n
a
Ba
se
d
o
n
Two
P
a
ra
siti
c
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
a
n
d
P
a
rti
a
l
G
ro
u
n
d
P
lan
e
fo
r
M
u
lt
ib
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,”
IE
E
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(IE
M
ANT
ENN
A),
p
p.
56
-
60,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
A.
Bo
u
tej
d
e
r
a
n
d
B.
I.
Ha
li
m
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Co
m
p
a
c
t
Tri
-
b
a
n
d
Rin
g
An
ten
n
a
Us
in
g
Two
P
a
ra
siti
c
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
a
n
d
P
a
rt
ial
G
ro
u
n
d
P
lan
e
f
o
r
W
i
M
AX
a
n
d
RAD
AR
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
,
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(IE
M
ANT
ENNA
),
p
p
.
51
-
55,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
J.
Li
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
p
rin
te
d
c
ircu
lar
d
isc
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
UWB
sy
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
0
-
3
5
0
4
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
3
]
A.
M.
A
b
b
o
sh
,
a
n
d
M
.
E.
Bialk
o
ws
k
i,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
u
lt
ra
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
p
lan
a
r
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
s o
f
c
irc
u
lar
a
n
d
e
ll
i
p
ti
c
a
l
sh
a
p
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
An
te
n
n
a
s P
r
o
p
a
g
.
v
o
l.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
Y.
W.
Zh
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
lan
a
r
c
ircu
l
a
r
p
a
tch
wit
h
e
ll
i
p
ti
c
a
l
sl
o
t
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
u
lt
ra
wid
e
b
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
M
icr
o
w
Op
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
L
e
tt
.
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
5
-
3
2
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
K.
Kik
u
ta
a
n
d
A.
Hir
o
se
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
fo
ld
e
d
-
f
in
tap
e
re
d
sl
o
t
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
UWB
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
W
ire
l
Pro
p
a
g
L
e
tt
.
,
vo
l
.
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
2
-
1
1
9
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
S
.
El
a
jo
u
m
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Bn
a
d
wi
d
th
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
m
icro
strip
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
UW
B
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
9
-
1
5
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
A.
El
.
Ha
m
d
o
u
n
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A l
o
w co
st f
ra
c
tal
CP
W
fe
d
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
UWB
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s with
a
c
ircu
lar
ra
d
iatin
g
p
a
tch
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
3
6
-
4
4
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
A.
El
.
F
a
ti
m
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
wi
t
h
c
ircu
lar
p
a
tch
fo
r
e
a
rly
b
re
a
st
c
a
n
c
e
r
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
0
-
2
3
7
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
A.
El
.
Ha
m
d
o
u
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
v
e
l
fra
c
tal
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
UWB
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
si
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
p
lan
a
r
wa
v
e
g
u
i
d
e
fe
e
d
li
n
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
1
5
-
3
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
D.
Ya
d
a
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
c
t
Du
a
l
Ba
n
d
-
N
o
tch
e
d
UWB
Circu
lar
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
A
n
ten
n
a
with
P
a
ra
siti
c
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mm
u
n
(AE
Ü)
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
4
,
p
p
.
3
1
3
-
3
2
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
J.
M
a
li
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Tran
sie
n
t
re
s
p
o
n
se
o
f
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
0
1
,
p
p
.
6
1
-
6
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
A.
H.
M
a
jee
d
,
a
n
d
K.
H.
S
a
y
id
m
a
rie,
“
UWB
e
ll
i
p
ti
c
a
l
p
a
tc
h
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
wit
h
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teristic,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
1
-
3
5
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
G
.
S
riv
a
sta
v
a
,
a
n
d
B.
K.
Ka
n
u
i
ji
a
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tc
h
e
d
UWB
M
IM
O
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
s
h
a
re
d
ra
d
iato
r,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
57
,
n
o
.
12
,
p
p
.
2
8
8
6
-
2
8
9
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
A.
P.
S
in
g
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
with
d
u
a
l
n
o
tch
e
d
b
a
n
d
f
o
r
Wi
M
AX
a
n
d
WL
AN
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
M
icro
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
7
9
2
-
7
9
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
O.
Ku
m
a
ra
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
o
n
i
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
Ultra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
m
icro
stri
p
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
n
o
tc
h
b
a
n
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
,
"
M
AT
EC
W
e
b
o
f
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
s 5
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
A.
Iq
b
a
l,
O.
A.
S
a
ra
e
re
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Ja
iswa
l,
“
M
a
p
le
Lea
f
S
h
a
p
e
d
UWB
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
An
ten
n
a
w
it
h
Du
a
l
Ba
n
d
No
tch
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
li
t
y
,
”
Pr
o
g
re
ss
in
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
C
,
v
o
l
.
7
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
7
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
Y.
Zeh
fo
r
o
o
sh
,
a
n
d
T.
S
e
d
g
h
i
,
“
An
imp
ro
v
e
d
CP
W
fe
d
p
ri
n
ted
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
c
o
n
tro
l
lab
l
e
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
e
d
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
,
p
p
.
3
8
-
4
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
8
]
S
.
P
e
d
d
a
k
rish
n
a
,
a
n
d
T.
Kh
a
n
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
U
WB
M
o
n
o
p
o
le
An
te
n
n
a
wit
h
Du
a
l
N
o
tch
e
d
Ba
n
d
C
h
a
ra
c
teristics
b
y
Us
in
g
π
-
S
h
a
p
e
d
S
l
o
t
a
n
d
EBG
Re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
AE
U
-
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
9
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
-
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
H.
P
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
v
e
l
S
RR
-
l
o
a
d
e
d
CP
W
-
fe
d
UWB
a
n
te
n
n
a
with
wid
e
b
a
n
d
-
n
o
tch
e
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
.
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
7
5
-
8
8
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
0
]
G.
S
.
Ra
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Cro
ss
sh
a
p
e
d
slo
t
p
ri
n
ted
UWB
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
with
n
o
tch
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
,
”
M
icr
o
sy
ste
m
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
pp.
2
3
2
7
-
2
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
1
]
S.
K.
Vijay
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
n
o
tch
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
6
1
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
2
]
R.
Lab
a
d
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
in
teg
ra
ted
B
l
u
e
to
o
th
UWB
b
a
n
d
n
o
t
c
h
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
p
e
rso
n
a
l
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
t
t.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
0
-
5
4
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
3
]
S.
C.
P
u
ri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
UWB
tra
p
e
z
o
id
a
l
r
in
g
s
fra
c
tal
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
a
n
ten
n
a
with
d
u
a
l
-
n
o
tch
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
RF
a
n
d
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
mp
u
ter
-
Ai
d
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
4
]
S
.
Lak
rit
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
UWB
m
o
n
o
p
o
le
p
a
tc
h
a
n
ten
n
a
wit
h
re
c
o
n
fig
u
ra
b
le
Ba
n
d
-
n
o
tch
e
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
fo
r
Wi
-
M
AX
a
n
d
WL
AN
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
AE
U
-
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
5
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
5
]
M
.
A.
S
a
lam
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
UWB
a
n
ten
n
a
u
si
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
it
iv
e
ly
-
lo
a
d
e
d
f
o
rk
-
s
h
a
p
e
d
re
so
n
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
fo
rk
-
sh
a
p
e
d
DMS
f
o
r
in
terfe
re
n
c
e
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
wi
th
Wi
M
AX
a
n
d
WL
AN
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
I
n
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
14
,
2
0
1
9
.
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