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1.
I
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TR
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TI
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IS
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org
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m
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of
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y
[2
-
5]
In
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s
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di
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s
[6]
,
t
he
o
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z
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7
-
9]
.
T
h
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us
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org
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ons
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-
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gh
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-
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.
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s
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,
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-
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7]
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r
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4
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18
,
1
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a
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t
e
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by
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s
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c
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ors
[20
-
2
2]
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-
27]
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3]
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pr
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di
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us
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IS
for
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[3,
28
,
29]
i
n
de
t
e
r
m
i
ni
ng
t
h
e
hi
gh
a
nd
s
us
t
a
i
na
b
l
e
us
e
o
f
IS
[1
4]
.
Ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
progr
a
m
m
e
n
t
i
on
e
d
a
b
ove
,
t
w
o
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
que
s
t
i
o
ns
w
e
r
e
a
s
ke
d
t
o
gu
i
d
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
o
n.
RQ
1:
W
ha
t
a
r
e
t
he
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
off
i
c
e
a
u
t
om
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
us
e
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
ub
urba
n
a
re
a
?
RQ
2:
W
ha
t
f
a
c
t
ors
i
n
fl
u
e
nc
e
t
he
r
e
a
di
n
e
s
s
a
nd
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
us
e
o
f
off
i
c
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
i
n
t
he
s
uburb
a
n
a
r
e
a
?
T
he
s
t
ru
c
t
ure
of
t
hi
s
pa
p
e
r
i
s
a
t
s
t
a
k
e
i
n
f
i
ve
p
a
rt
s
.
T
h
e
i
nt
r
oduc
t
i
on
c
ont
a
i
ns
b
a
c
kg
round
e
xpos
ur
e
t
o
t
h
e
prob
l
e
m
,
de
l
i
v
e
ry
of
obj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
,
a
nd
q
ue
s
t
i
ons
of
t
h
e
S
t
udy
.
T
he
s
e
c
on
d
pa
r
t
i
s
a
l
i
t
e
ra
t
ure
re
v
i
e
w
.
T
he
n
e
x
t
s
t
a
g
e
i
s
t
he
de
l
i
v
e
ry
of
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
m
e
t
h
ods
,
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
pro
c
e
dure
s
,
pop
ul
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
a
m
pl
e
s
,
d
a
t
a
c
ol
l
e
c
t
i
on,
s
a
m
p
l
i
ng
,
t
ool
s
,
da
t
a
a
na
l
ys
i
s
,
a
nd
i
nt
e
rpre
t
a
t
i
o
n
po
i
nt
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ul
t
s
a
nd
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
pa
r
t
i
n
c
l
ud
e
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
t
he
d
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ve
a
nd
i
n
fe
r
e
nt
i
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
c
on
t
ri
b
ut
i
ons
,
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
,
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
re
c
o
m
m
e
nd
a
t
i
ons
s
upp
ort
e
d
b
y
o
t
he
r
s
t
ud
i
e
s
.
A
nd
fi
n
a
l
l
y,
t
he
c
onc
l
us
i
o
ns
s
e
c
t
i
o
n,
s
um
m
a
r
i
z
e
s
t
he
pa
p
e
r,
i
n
re
l
a
t
i
on
t
o
t
h
e
p
oi
n
t
s
h
i
ghl
i
gh
t
e
d
i
n
a
l
l
s
e
c
t
i
ons
.
2.
LI
TER
A
TU
R
E
R
EV
I
EW
O
ffi
c
e
a
u
t
om
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
pa
r
t
of
a
n
i
nfor
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
.
O
f
fi
c
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
re
pr
e
s
e
n
t
t
o
ha
n
dl
e
j
obs
w
hos
e
s
c
op
e
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
a
nd
a
re
on
l
y
i
nt
e
nde
d
t
o
s
uppor
t
i
n
di
v
i
dua
l
w
ork
i
n
t
h
e
off
i
c
e
[13]
.
U
ne
ve
n
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
s
r
e
g
a
rdi
n
g
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
i
nfor
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
i
n
s
e
ve
r
a
l
r
e
g
i
ons
re
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
us
e
of
i
n
form
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
i
n
t
hi
s
c
a
s
e
,
off
i
c
e
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
be
c
a
m
e
pr
e
a
c
h
e
rs
[10
-
12]
.
T
o
a
vo
i
d
t
he
i
l
l
us
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
i
nfor
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
s
i
t
i
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
ry
t
o
m
e
a
s
ur
e
r
e
a
di
n
e
s
s
prob
l
e
m
s
.
M
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
of
re
a
d
i
ne
s
s
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
R
e
a
d
i
ne
s
s
I
nde
x
m
od
e
l
h
a
s
be
e
n
i
nt
ro
duc
e
d
for
a
l
ong
t
i
m
e
by
P
a
ra
s
u
ra
m
a
n
[6]
.
T
R
I
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
he
re
a
di
ne
s
s
t
o
us
e
i
nfo
rm
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
f
rom
four
v
a
ri
a
b
l
e
s
(opt
i
m
i
s
m
,
i
n
nov
a
t
i
on,
di
s
c
o
m
fort
,
a
nd
i
ns
e
c
uri
t
y)
[6]
.
In
a
dd
i
t
i
on
t
o
t
h
e
m
e
a
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
of
re
a
d
i
ne
s
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
re
s
e
v
e
ra
l
o
t
he
r
fa
c
t
o
rs
t
h
a
t
gre
a
t
l
y
i
nfl
ue
n
c
e
t
he
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
us
e
of
i
nfor
m
a
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
na
m
e
l
y
t
hos
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
ng
t
o
l
e
a
rna
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
e
ffe
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
,
m
e
m
or
a
bi
l
i
t
y,
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
s
a
t
i
s
fa
c
t
i
on
[3
,
28
,
29]
.
T
he
s
e
f
a
c
t
ors
a
r
e
c
ont
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
U
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
m
ode
l
of
N
i
e
l
s
e
n.
T
he
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
ode
l
s
i
n
F
i
gure
1
i
s
e
xpe
c
t
e
d
t
o
pro
vi
d
e
a
s
o
l
ut
i
on
t
o
t
he
pro
bl
e
m
s
t
ha
t
a
ri
s
e
i
n
t
he
b
a
c
kgroun
d
a
b
ove
.
S
om
e
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
e
rs
de
ve
l
o
p
a
s
uc
c
e
s
s
fu
l
m
o
de
l
of
IS
us
e
by
a
dopt
i
ng
,
c
om
b
i
ni
ng,
a
nd
a
dopt
i
ng
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
re
a
di
ne
s
s
a
nd
IS
s
uc
c
e
s
s
m
od
e
l
s
,
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
IS
i
nt
e
gra
t
i
on
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
.
i
nput
-
proc
e
s
s
-
out
put
l
o
gi
c
a
nd
pro
c
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
nd
c
a
us
a
l
m
od
e
l
s
of
t
h
e
IS
m
ode
l
a
r
e
us
e
d
[30
,
3
1]
.
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
a
l
s
o
c
o
m
bi
ne
s
t
w
o
m
o
de
l
s
w
i
t
h
IP
O
l
ogi
c
[3]
.
B
a
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
a
ft
e
r
c
o
m
b
i
ni
n
g
t
w
o
m
od
e
l
s
c
o
ns
i
s
t
i
ng
of
va
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
t
he
i
nd
i
c
a
t
o
rs
a
ppe
a
r
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
re
f
e
re
nc
e
s
i
n
m
a
k
i
ng
q
ue
s
t
i
o
ns
i
n
t
he
qu
e
s
t
i
onna
i
re
[3
2]
.
F
i
gure
1
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
m
ode
l
[
3]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
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T
E
L
K
O
M
N
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A
T
e
l
e
c
om
m
un
Co
m
put
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l
Con
t
rol
,
V
ol
.
18
,
N
o.
2
,
A
pri
l
2
020:
676
-
6
84
678
3.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ET
H
O
D
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
w
a
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
i
n
e
i
gh
t
s
t
e
ps
d
e
s
c
ri
b
e
d
i
n
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
pro
c
e
d
ure
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
gure
2
.
L
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
(1)
i
s
t
he
fi
rs
t
s
t
e
p
t
a
ke
n
a
s
m
a
t
e
ri
a
l
i
n
s
h
a
pi
n
g
t
he
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
progr
a
m
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
on
d
s
t
a
ge
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
de
s
i
gn
(2)
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
s
t
a
ge
i
n
d
e
s
i
gn
i
ng
re
s
e
a
rc
h
,
c
ont
i
nu
i
ng
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
op
m
e
nt
m
od
e
l
s
t
a
ge
(3)
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
t
a
ge
of
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
nt
,
t
h
e
m
od
e
l
prod
uc
e
s
a
ne
w
m
ode
l
r
e
s
ul
t
c
om
bi
n
i
ng
t
w
o
m
o
de
l
s
(Re
a
di
n
e
s
s
a
nd
U
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
m
od
e
l
s
)
t
o
p
rodu
c
e
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
ode
l
s
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
i
ns
t
ru
m
e
n
t
s
(4)
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
m
ode
l
s
a
nd
i
ns
t
r
um
e
nt
s
a
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
,
a
s
u
rve
y
(5)
i
s
c
ondu
c
t
e
d
t
o
ob
t
a
i
n
d
a
t
a
(da
t
a
ob
t
a
i
ne
d
by
d
i
s
t
ri
b
ut
i
ng
que
s
t
i
onn
a
i
r
e
s
t
hrou
gh
goog
l
e
f
orm
)
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
t
h
e
n
a
na
l
y
z
e
d
(6
)
a
nd
i
nt
e
rpr
e
t
e
d
(7)
s
o
t
h
a
t
f
i
ndi
n
gs
a
r
e
fi
na
l
l
y
r
e
por
t
e
d
(8
)
i
n
w
ri
t
t
e
n
for
m
[9]
.
T
h
e
re
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
d
i
s
t
ri
bu
t
e
d
89
c
op
i
e
s
of
t
he
qu
e
s
t
i
onna
i
r
e
t
h
rou
gh
googl
e
for
m
t
o
s
e
ve
r
a
l
i
ns
t
i
t
ut
i
ons
ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
e
xp
e
ri
e
nc
e
of
t
he
r
e
s
pond
e
nt
'
s
prof
i
l
e
.
T
he
que
s
t
i
on
g
i
ve
n
i
s
t
he
re
s
u
l
t
of
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
a
nd
i
ndi
c
a
t
ors
c
on
t
a
i
ne
d
i
n
t
he
m
o
de
l
.
F
i
g
ure
2.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
pro
c
e
d
ure
[9]
4.
R
ES
U
LTS
A
N
D
A
N
A
LY
S
I
S
4
.
1
.
D
e
mog
r
ap
h
i
c
s
i
n
f
or
m
ati
on
T
he
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
ri
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
re
s
po
nde
n
t
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
a
re
re
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
prob
l
e
m
of
t
rus
t
a
nd
va
l
i
di
t
y
of
da
t
a
s
ourc
e
s
[
33]
.
I
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
t
h
a
t
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e
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hi
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udy
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rus
t
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l
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of
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d
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t
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us
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d
[33
]
.
R
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a
d
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s
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s
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l
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profi
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n
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a
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qu
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of
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[33]
.
4
.
2
.
Th
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s
tat
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s
ti
c
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s
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s
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t
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t
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o
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t
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r
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t
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d
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t
a
fro
m
t
he
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s
t
i
onn
a
i
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.
T
h
i
s
s
t
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t
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od
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v
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l
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t
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ru
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ra
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on
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r
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m
ode
l
,
a
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t
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v
a
l
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of
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2
f
rom
e
nd
oge
n
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l
a
t
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nt
v
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n
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h
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p
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t
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ode
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t
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t
h
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on
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t
r
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t
s
t
o
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e
nous
l
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t
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ri
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.
F
rom
F
i
g
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3,
c
o
m
pos
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l
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a
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l
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for
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ghe
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n
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70
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s
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gh
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of
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b
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CF
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s
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4
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c
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t
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m
p
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of
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n
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V
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p
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l
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bi
l
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t
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T
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o
m
pos
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l
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bi
l
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h
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n
0
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of
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c
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t
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nc
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a
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v
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r
om
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ul
t
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t
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s
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ound
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ha
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CF
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pos
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h
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nc
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a
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d.
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h
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d
w
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t
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c
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t
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c
a
nno
t
b
e
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m
ove
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fro
m
t
he
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ode
l
.
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rom
T
a
b
l
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w
e
c
a
n
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a
t
a
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xt
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l
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oa
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ghe
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n
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s
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l
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on
w
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c
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s
.
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r
om
T
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bl
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4
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pre
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IF
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gh
e
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0
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2
.
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c
r
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t
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c
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l
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for
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w
o
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t
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s
1
.
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i
gni
f
i
c
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=
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%),
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.
96
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gni
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5%
),
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2
.
57
(s
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.
T
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t
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fi
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l
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R
2
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.
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8]
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ana
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17.
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9]
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1
-
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.
[
10]
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r
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i
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,
pp
.
433
-
52
,
2019
.
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11]
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12]
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l
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-
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13]
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r
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14]
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unk
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,
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l
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,
pp.
11
30
-
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15.
[
15]
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ho
da
m
ba
s
h
i
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,
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yt
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ur
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C
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nat
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s
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2017
.
[
16]
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now
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ov
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y
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vol
.
32
,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
221
-
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,
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5.
[
17]
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18]
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19]
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20]
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21]
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[
22]
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kdi
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ndus
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gy
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40
:
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a
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gi
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T
he
D
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gi
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a
l
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a
ns
f
or
m
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on
:
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pr
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r
S
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s
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dva
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d
M
a
nu
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r
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ng
,
2018
.
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[
23]
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e
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24]
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phy
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l
.
69
,
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-
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2018
.
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25]
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