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212
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wire
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s
se
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r
n
e
two
rk
s
(W
S
N)
a
re
se
v
e
re
ly
re
stricte
d
in
term
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
ies
,
l
imited
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
p
o
we
r
su
p
p
l
ies
,
a
s
it
is
d
iffi
c
u
lt
o
r
im
p
o
ss
ib
le
to
re
p
lac
e
o
r
re
c
h
a
rg
e
th
e
se
n
so
r
b
a
tt
e
ry
.
Co
n
se
q
u
e
n
tl
y
,
th
e
e
n
e
rg
y
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
st
imp
o
rtan
t
re
so
u
rc
e
s
to
c
o
n
sid
e
r
wh
e
n
d
e
si
g
n
i
n
g
o
f
WS
Ns
.
S
o
,
m
o
st
o
f
t
h
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
i
n
WS
Ns
a
re
to
a
ss
u
re
t
h
e
sa
v
in
g
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
a
s
a
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
a
im
fo
r
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t.
Ne
v
e
rt
h
e
les
s,
ju
st
p
ro
v
id
i
n
g
p
o
we
r
is
n
o
t
su
fficie
n
t
to
e
x
ten
d
th
e
li
fe
ti
m
e
o
f
WS
N.
W
h
e
re
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
e
n
e
rg
y
d
e
p
leti
o
n
i
n
WS
Ns
is
a
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
i
n
g
issu
e
o
fte
n
lea
d
i
n
g
to
sp
li
ts
t
h
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
s
it
s
li
fe
ti
m
e
,
a
lso
re
tro
g
re
ss
io
n
o
f
it
s
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
t
h
e
re
fo
re
,
u
se
s
a
p
o
we
rfu
l
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
n
a
m
e
d
s
p
id
e
r
m
o
n
k
e
y
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
(S
M
ORP)
to
g
e
n
e
ra
te
a
n
o
p
t
ima
l
d
a
ta
r
o
u
t
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
a
t
h
wa
y
f
o
r
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
W
S
Ns
(HWS
Ns
).
S
M
ORP,
h
e
re
,
c
a
n
c
o
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
b
e
st
wa
y
fro
m
a
se
n
so
r
t
o
th
e
si
n
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
l
u
ste
r
h
e
a
d
,
in
si
d
e
th
e
i
n
t
ra
-
c
lu
ste
r,
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
n
ter
-
c
lu
ste
r
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
F
o
r
t
h
is
p
u
rp
o
se
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
n
o
d
e
s,
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
u
se
s
th
e
c
lu
ste
rin
g
p
a
rti
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
re
v
e
a
led
th
a
t
S
M
ORP
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
tl
y
imp
r
o
v
e
s
i
n
term
s
o
f
d
a
ta
late
n
c
y
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
sta
b
il
izin
g
d
e
p
leti
o
n
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
m
a
x
imiz
i
n
g
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
li
fe
ti
m
e
fo
r
HWS
Ns
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
HW
SN
s
Netwo
r
k
life
tim
e
R
o
u
tin
g
Sp
id
er
m
o
n
k
ey
o
p
tim
izatio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
I
m
ad
S.
Als
h
awi
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scie
n
ce
,
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Sci
en
ce
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
B
asra
h
B
asra
h
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail:
em
ad
alsh
awi@
g
m
ail.
co
m
,
em
ad
.
alsh
awi@
u
o
b
asra
h
.
ed
u
.
iq
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Fo
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
ca
u
s
es,
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
r
em
o
te
s
en
s
o
r
g
ad
g
ets
av
ail
ab
le
to
d
a
y
ar
e
v
er
y
r
estrictiv
e
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al,
m
em
o
r
y
,
en
e
r
g
y
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
p
ac
ities
.
T
y
p
ically
th
e
m
o
s
t
ca
u
s
e
wh
y
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
es
o
n
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
(
W
SNs
)
h
av
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
p
lan
o
f
v
itality
-
an
d
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
ally
-
ef
f
icien
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
an
d
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
p
ac
e
h
as
b
ee
n
c
o
n
f
in
e
d
to
p
lain
d
ata
-
o
r
ien
te
d
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
an
d
an
n
o
u
n
cin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
W
S
N
tak
es
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
task
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ic
es.
W
S
Ns
o
f
f
er
a
lar
g
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
ass
o
r
tm
en
t,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
m
ed
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
em
er
g
en
cy
,
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
o
u
ter
s
p
ac
e
[3
]
,
[
4
]
.
A
h
u
g
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
u
m
b
er
is
d
if
f
u
s
ed
in
a
wid
e
ar
ea
i
n
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
with
ea
c
h
s
en
s
o
r
th
at
ca
n
co
llect
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
p
ass
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
s
in
k
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
u
s
er
r
em
o
tely
v
ia
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
es
o
f
v
ar
ied
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
ese
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
n
o
d
es
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
o
p
er
ated
b
y
ch
ea
p
,
s
m
all
b
atter
ies
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
r
v
iv
al,
as
it
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
o
r
ev
en
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
xten
d
in
g
lifetime
o
f h
etero
g
e
n
eo
u
s
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etw
o
r
k
s
…
(
I
ma
d
S
.
A
ls
h
a
w
i
)
213
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
r
ep
lace
m
en
t
o
r
r
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
b
atter
y
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
d
e
p
letio
n
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
is
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
to
co
n
s
id
e
r
wh
en
d
esig
n
in
g
W
SNs
.
At
tim
es,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
en
e
r
g
y
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
en
er
g
y
d
ep
letio
n
an
d
ex
ten
d
s
th
e
life
tim
e.
B
y
r
aisi
n
g
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
en
er
g
y
in
ev
er
y
asp
ec
t o
f
d
esig
n
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
,
en
e
r
g
y
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
[
3
]
-
[
7
]
.
On
e
way
to
u
s
e
th
e
s
ca
r
city
o
f
en
er
g
y
in
co
m
p
eten
t,
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
al,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
f
o
r
d
i
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
W
SN
in
to
s
ev
er
al
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
(
C
H)
wo
r
k
s
,
as
a
c
o
llectio
n
p
o
in
t,
to
ag
g
r
eg
ate
all
d
ata
co
llected
in
o
n
e
clu
s
t
er
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
As
p
r
o
to
co
ls
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
r
o
u
tin
g
,
in
[
8
]
,
[
10
]
-
[
1
1
]
,
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
n
o
d
es
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
to
t
r
ea
t
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
in
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
o
f
f
lat
r
o
u
tin
g
,
we
ca
n
talk
ab
o
u
t
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
n
cip
al
c
o
n
ce
p
t
b
eh
in
d
r
o
u
tin
g
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
is
th
at
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
o
n
ly
d
ir
ec
tly
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
te
with
a
n
o
d
e
o
f
lead
e
r
in
s
id
e
th
eir
clu
s
ter
,
u
s
u
ally
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
C
H.
T
h
ese
C
Hs,
s
p
ec
if
ic
with
in
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
W
SNs
,
th
at
m
ay
b
e
d
e
v
ices
o
f
m
o
r
e
p
o
wer
f
u
l
an
d
le
s
s
en
er
g
y
-
r
estr
icted
th
an
“r
eg
u
la
r
”
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
ar
e
th
er
ea
f
ter
in
ch
a
r
g
e
o
f
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
th
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
to
th
e
s
in
k
.
T
h
is
way
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
u
r
d
en
s
f
o
r
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
wh
er
ea
s
C
Hs wil
l f
ac
e
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t tr
a
f
f
ic
th
an
r
eg
u
la
r
n
o
d
es o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
[
9
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
e
x
p
en
d
in
g
will
b
y
f
ewe
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
i
n
im
izin
g
q
u
an
tity
o
f
th
e
d
at
a
wh
ich
is
in
d
ee
d
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
to
th
e
s
in
k
b
y
th
e
C
H.
Als
o
,
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
way
s
h
av
e
s
u
g
g
ested
tr
ea
tin
g
u
n
b
alan
ce
e
n
er
g
y
d
ep
letio
n
(
UE
D)
tr
o
u
b
le
in
s
id
e
W
SNs
.
I
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
f
th
e
ex
em
p
lar
y
s
en
s
o
r
,
th
e
p
atter
n
o
f
m
an
y
-
to
-
o
n
e
tr
af
f
ic
is
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
an
t,
i.e
.
,
o
v
er
s
ize
n
o
d
es
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
s
en
d
i
n
g
d
ata
t
o
th
e
s
in
k
.
So
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
n
ea
r
th
e
s
in
k
ta
k
e
ch
a
r
g
e
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
i
n
g
th
e
d
a
ta
f
r
o
m
all
o
v
e
r
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
th
e
s
in
k
,
th
is
d
ep
letin
g
th
eir
en
er
g
y
q
u
ick
ly
d
u
e
to
e
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
tr
af
f
ic
o
v
e
r
h
ea
d
n
ea
r
th
e
s
in
k
.
T
h
e
lo
w
life
tim
e
o
f
th
o
s
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
e
n
er
g
y
d
e
p
letio
n
in
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
W
SNs
(
H
W
SN
s
)
wh
ich
lead
s
to
p
r
o
l
o
n
g
in
g
its
life
tim
e.
T
wo
s
en
s
o
r
ty
p
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
HW
SN:
Stan
d
ar
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
p
o
wer
e
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
(
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
)
an
d
s
o
m
e
o
th
e
r
s
as
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
u
r
ce
C
Hs.
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
task
o
f
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
s
en
d
t
h
e
in
f
o
to
th
eir
C
H.
I
n
tu
r
n
,
th
e
C
H
e
n
ac
ts
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
f
r
o
m
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
b
elo
n
g
t
o
an
eq
u
iv
alen
t
c
lu
s
ter
an
d
d
eliv
er
s
th
e
in
f
o
to
th
e
s
in
k
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
to
u
s
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
m
eth
o
d
[
8
]
t
o
ar
r
an
g
e
th
e
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
is
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
h
el
p
in
g
C
H
to
id
en
tify
th
e
N
s
en
s
o
r
s
o
n
its
clu
s
ter
an
d
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
eir
C
H
o
n
th
e
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
Af
ter
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
n
am
e
d
s
p
id
e
r
m
o
n
k
ey
o
p
tim
izatio
n
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
(
SMORP
)
[
1
3
]
is
u
s
ed
to
s
ee
k
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
tim
e
an
d
b
alan
ci
n
g
th
e
d
ep
letio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
I
t
u
s
es
to
s
ettle
o
n
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ath
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
f
o
r
H
W
SN
s
,
f
o
r
b
o
th
in
te
r
-
c
lu
s
ter
a
n
d
in
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
,
v
ia
f
av
o
r
in
g
t
h
r
ee
r
o
u
tin
g
m
etr
ics
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
(
h
ig
h
est
r
em
ain
in
g
en
er
g
y
in
s
id
e
th
e
n
o
d
e,
th
e
m
in
im
al
h
o
p
s
n
u
m
b
er
,
a
n
d
m
i
n
im
al
tr
af
f
ic
with
in
th
e
n
o
d
e
)
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
o
r
g
a
n
izes
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Sectio
n
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
Nex
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
HW
SNs
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
s
ec
tio
n
5
th
at
d
escr
ib
es th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
Sectio
n
6
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
u
m
u
p
th
is
wo
r
k
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Gen
er
ically
,
in
W
SNs
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
c
h
allen
g
e
is
h
o
w
to
d
ev
elo
p
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ex
ten
d
th
e
life
tim
e.
T
h
is
ch
all
en
g
e,
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
h
as
attr
ac
ted
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
er
s
r
ig
h
t
n
o
w.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
r
elate
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
th
e
W
SNs
life
tim
e
ar
e
g
iv
in
g
as
f
o
llo
w:
A
n
o
v
el
way
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
es
ted
b
y
L
i
n
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
d
y
n
am
ical
HW
SN
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
n
o
d
es
o
f
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
est
to
ex
p
a
n
d
t
h
e
to
tal
life
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
is
way
is
n
am
ed
a
h
a
r
m
o
n
y
s
ea
r
ch
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
with
m
u
ltip
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
an
d
l
o
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
(
HSAML
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
ca
n
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
m
ax
im
al
n
o
d
es
n
u
m
b
er
th
at
co
v
er
s
ea
ch
p
ar
t
o
f
all
n
o
d
es
s
o
th
at
all
aim
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
n
o
d
e.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
Z
h
an
g
an
d
C
h
en
s
u
g
g
ested
a
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
d
y
n
am
ica
l
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
HW
SN
n
etwo
r
k
s
n
am
ed
(
DHWS
Ns).
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
al
en
er
g
y
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
n
ess
id
ea
to
g
iv
e
ad
d
in
g
a
d
d
itio
n
al
n
o
d
es
in
to
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Als
o
,
with
in
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
el,
Z
h
an
g
an
d
C
h
en
h
av
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
ad
ap
tiv
e
way
to
s
h
o
w
h
o
w
a
m
ass
h
ea
d
er
s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
b
e
e
n
h
an
ce
d
.
T
h
is
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
way
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
life
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
h
eig
h
ten
ed
HW
SN
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
p
ac
k
s
.
I
n
[
1
6
]
,
th
er
e
is
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
ch
em
a
in
HW
SNs
to
f
u
lly
s
et
th
e
d
ep
letio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
o
u
td
o
th
e
th
r
o
ttle
p
r
o
b
le
m
n
ea
r
b
y
t
h
e
s
in
k
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
lo
ad
.
Fo
r
av
o
id
in
g
a
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
,
th
e
s
in
k
m
o
v
es to
a
n
ew
p
lace
w
h
en
s
en
s
o
r
s
n
ea
r
er
to
th
e
s
in
k
a
r
e
o
f
lo
w
p
o
wer
(
th
e
p
o
r
tab
le
s
in
k
)
.
Als
o
,
th
e
Hilb
er
t
cu
r
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
7
]
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
th
is
p
ap
er
to
e
x
ten
d
n
etwo
r
k
life
b
y
ag
g
r
e
g
atin
g
HW
SNs
n
o
d
e.
Pan
d
ey
an
d
Vis
h
wak
ar
m
a
[
1
8
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
m
o
d
er
n
clu
s
ter
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
HW
SNs
.
An
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
ath
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
h
ea
d
o
f
clu
s
ter
n
o
d
es
,
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
d
e
g
r
ee
,
a
n
d
lef
t
o
v
er
en
er
g
y
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
ch
ain
in
g
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
ac
cu
m
u
late
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1693
-
6
9
3
0
TEL
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
21
2
-
22
0
214
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ar
c
el.
Du
tt
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
h
a
v
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ex
clu
d
in
g
u
s
in
g
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
s
ch
em
a
n
am
e
d
d
is
p
er
s
ed
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
c
y
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
(
DE
E
C
)
.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
a
is
s
u
g
g
ested
to
m
o
v
e
f
o
r
war
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
tim
e
b
y
v
e
r
s
atile
th
e
lim
its
o
f
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
in
HW
SNs
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
in
[
2
0
]
s
ee
m
ed
t
o
h
eter
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
with
ar
b
itra
r
y
v
a
r
ieties
with
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
r
ate
(
tr
af
f
ic)
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
ac
tical
clu
s
ter
in
g
-
d
ep
en
d
ed
HW
SNs
.
A
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
n
am
e
d
tr
af
f
ic
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
awa
r
e
r
o
u
tin
g
(
T
E
AR
)
is
s
u
g
g
ested
to
m
o
v
e
f
o
r
war
d
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
'
ch
o
ice
b
y
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
with
its
lev
el
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
W
an
g
an
d
Ho
n
g
in
[
1
2
]
s
u
g
g
ested
an
u
n
u
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
am
ed
e
n
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
E
E
T
C
)
w
h
ich
was
u
tili
ze
d
t
o
c
h
o
o
s
e
t
h
e
h
ea
d
s
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
HW
SN
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
u
g
g
ested
,
af
ter
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
,
W
an
g
an
d
Ho
n
g
h
av
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
r
ea
d
th
-
f
ir
s
t
s
ea
r
ch
(
B
FS
)
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
way
in
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
(
i.e
.
f
r
o
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
p
ar
t
to
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
)
.
Oth
er
t
h
an
th
at,
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
th
e
s
h
o
r
test
way
to
u
r
g
e
th
e
r
o
u
tin
g
way
in
ter
-
clu
s
ter
(
i
.
e.
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
to
s
in
k
)
.
Z
h
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
s
u
g
g
est
a
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
f
a
n
e
n
h
an
ce
d
b
alan
ce
d
e
n
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
icien
t
n
etwo
r
k
-
i
n
te
g
r
ated
s
u
p
er
-
h
ete
r
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
(
E
-
B
E
E
NI
SH)
r
o
u
tin
g
.
E
-
B
E
E
NI
SH
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
o
wer
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
in
s
id
e
H
W
SN
s
.
I
t
i
s
d
ep
en
d
en
t
u
p
o
n
th
e
ad
ju
s
ted
elec
tin
g
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
to
e
n
d
u
p
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
co
n
cu
r
r
in
g
t
o
th
e
lef
to
v
er
p
o
wer
an
d
t
h
e
len
g
th
m
ea
s
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
o
d
e
to
th
e
s
in
k
.
Ma
d
h
av
i
a
n
d
Ma
d
h
eswar
an
[
9
]
h
av
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
a
n
u
n
u
s
ed
r
eg
io
n
-
b
ased
en
er
g
y
-
co
n
s
ci
o
u
s
s
in
k
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
(
R
E
SM)
to
m
ak
e
s
tr
i
d
es
in
th
e
H
W
SN
s
life
tim
e.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ar
ea
is
p
ar
titi
o
n
e
d
in
to
a
f
ew
o
f
t
h
e
eg
alitar
ia
n
lo
ca
les,
ea
c
h
lo
ca
le
d
iv
i
d
e
in
to
a
f
ew
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
les
d
iv
is
io
n
s
av
es
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es'
s
h
o
r
t
-
d
is
tan
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
Als
o
,
Ma
d
h
av
i
a
n
d
Ma
d
h
eswar
an
h
av
e
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
s
tab
le
e
lecti
o
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
SEP)
to
m
in
if
y
th
e
g
en
e
r
al
s
ize
o
f
en
er
g
y
th
at
wen
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ea
ch
lo
ca
le
f
o
r
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
iz
ed
r
e
-
s
elec
tin
g
o
f
th
e
h
ea
d
n
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
.
Als
h
awi
et
a
l
[
8
]
h
av
e
cr
ea
ted
a
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
n
am
ed
f
u
zz
y
c
h
ess
b
o
ar
d
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
an
d
a
r
tific
ial
b
ee
n
c
o
lo
n
y
r
o
u
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
(
FC
C
-
AB
C
R
M)
.
I
t
s
u
g
g
ested
o
u
td
o
in
g
th
e
b
lo
ck
ag
e
ca
s
e
an
d
f
ath
o
m
s
th
e
UE
D
is
s
u
e
in
HW
SNs
.
Fu
zz
y
d
s
tar
-
lite
wh
ich
is
a
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
b
est
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
o
u
tin
g
f
o
r
HW
SN
s
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
b
y
Als
h
awi
et
a
l
.
[
2
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
is
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
ca
n
r
e
u
s
e
th
e
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
t
o
s
av
e
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
th
at
is
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
ly
p
r
o
p
ag
ated
ac
r
o
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
n
o
d
es.
3.
O
RG
ANIZ
A
T
I
O
N
H
W
SNs
UNDER C
L
US
T
E
RING
P
A
RT
I
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
o
f
HW
S
N
u
n
d
er
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
m
eth
o
d
[8
]
-
[
2
2
]
id
ea
.
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
wo
n
t
to
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
ess
en
tial
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
C
Hs
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
p
o
in
t
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
.
I
t’
s
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
w
h
ich
C
H
an
d
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
eir
p
lace
s
an
d
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
em
ca
n
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
r
ec
eiv
e
an
d
s
en
d
th
e
in
f
o
.
3
.
1
.
Deplo
y
m
ent
s
ens
o
rs
I
n
a
HW
SN,
a
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ty
p
ical
s
en
s
o
r
s
(
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
)
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
an
d
o
m
ly
d
e
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
f
ield
.
So
,
th
e
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
h
er
e
ar
e
g
o
in
g
t
o
b
e
e
r
r
atica
lly
s
p
r
ea
d
with
in
th
e
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
eg
i
o
n
in
HW
SN.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
also
c
o
n
tain
s
s
ev
er
al
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
th
at
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
b
e
s
u
itab
le
to
ac
t
as
C
Hs.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
C
H
h
er
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
if
f
u
s
ed
ca
r
ef
u
lly
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
N
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
ca
n
b
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
te
d
with
at
least o
n
e
C
H.
3
.
2
.
Clus
t
er
ing
pa
rt
it
io
n
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
is
i
s
n
am
ed
clu
s
ter
p
ar
titi
o
n
an
d
was
u
tili
ze
d
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
o
u
s
W
SNs
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
an
d
HW
SNs
[
8
]
-
[
2
2
]
t
o
o
.
I
n
HW
SN,
it
u
tili
ze
s
to
n
o
tify
th
e
C
H
th
at
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
b
elo
n
g
in
its
clu
s
ter
an
d
to
n
o
tify
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
to
th
at
clu
s
ter
th
ey
b
elo
n
g
t
o
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
C
Hs.
Un
d
er
th
is
clu
s
ter
in
g
co
n
ce
p
t
,
C
Hs
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
m
ess
ag
es
wh
ich
co
n
tain
th
eir
p
lace
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
eir
I
Ds.
T
h
e
C
H
co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
s
m
allest
I
D
will
b
ec
o
m
e
f
ir
s
t.
T
h
en
,
as
p
e
r
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
,
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
ak
es
a
lis
t
o
f
C
H
s
it
h
as
h
ea
r
d
f
r
o
m
wh
er
e
th
e
b
ig
g
e
r
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
tu
r
n
s
in
to
f
ir
s
t.
T
h
er
ea
f
ter
,
ea
c
h
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
will
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
C
H
m
ig
h
t
b
el
o
n
g
an
d
will
s
elec
t
C
H
at
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
lis
t
as
it
s
f
av
o
r
ed
C
H.
Nex
t,
C
H
b
eg
in
s
f
in
d
in
g
w
h
ich
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
s
id
e
its
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
id
en
tical
f
o
r
e
v
er
y
cl
u
s
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws a
f
l
o
wch
ar
t o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
HW
SNs
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
xten
d
in
g
lifetime
o
f h
etero
g
e
n
eo
u
s
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etw
o
r
k
s
…
(
I
ma
d
S
.
A
ls
h
a
w
i
)
215
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
-
ch
a
r
t o
f
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
HW
SN
s
4.
SPIDE
R
M
O
N
K
E
Y
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
RO
U
T
I
NG
P
RO
T
O
CO
L
(
S
M
O
RP
)
F
O
R
H
WSNs
T
h
e
life
tim
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ch
a
llen
g
es
o
f
th
e
W
SN.
No
twith
s
tan
d
in
g
,
with
in
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
at
th
e
tim
e
th
at
an
y
n
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
wh
eth
e
r
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
o
r
C
H)
d
ep
letes
its
en
er
g
y
th
e
i
n
f
o
-
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
am
o
n
g
s
t v
ar
io
u
s
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
th
ei
r
C
H
will
b
r
ea
k
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
also
th
e
a
f
o
r
esaid
will
h
ap
p
en
am
o
n
g
s
t
th
e
C
H
an
d
th
e
s
in
k
.
T
h
is
g
en
er
ally
g
iv
es
r
is
e
to
s
ca
r
city
with
in
th
e
life
tim
e
o
f
W
SN.
W
h
er
e
th
e
l
if
etim
e
o
f
e
v
er
y
s
en
s
o
r
with
in
W
SN
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
en
er
v
atio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
,
it'
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
af
f
air
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
r
esid
u
al
p
o
wer
in
th
o
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
is
e
to
ex
p
an
d
th
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
am
o
u
n
t
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
p
ap
e
r
u
tili
ze
s
an
en
er
g
y
-
s
u
f
f
icien
t r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l n
a
m
ed
(
SMORP
)
[
1
3
]
to
ex
p
an
d
th
e
HW
SNs
life
tim
e
v
ia
co
n
s
t
r
ain
in
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
am
o
n
g
s
t
th
e
n
o
d
e'
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
at
h
s
(
in
b
o
th
in
ter
-
clu
s
ter
a
n
d
i
n
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
)
,
also
to
o
u
t
d
o
t
h
e
UE
D
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at'
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
i
n
th
e
HW
SNs
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
f
ir
s
tly
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
ar
r
an
g
e
th
e
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
(
ea
ch
c
lu
s
ter
o
wn
s
a
C
H
with
in
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
lead
er
a
n
d
o
wn
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
with
in
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
m
em
b
e
r
s
)
.
W
ith
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
tim
e,
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
is
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
ac
cu
m
u
late
th
e
s
im
p
lest
p
ath
way
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
f
r
o
m
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
t
o
its
C
H
an
d
f
r
o
m
a
C
H
in
to
th
e
s
in
k
,
in
s
eq
u
en
tial,
v
ia
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
s
t
an
d
ar
d
s
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
an
d
b
alan
ci
n
g
th
e
m
(
th
a
t
is
to
m
en
ti
o
n
r
esid
u
al
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
,
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
,
an
d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
in
im
al
l
o
ad
o
f
t
r
af
f
ic)
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
s
u
p
p
o
s
es:
i)
T
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
in
itial
p
o
wer
o
f
b
atter
ies
ar
e
id
en
tical
in
all
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
;
ii)
E
ac
h
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
k
n
o
ws
its
p
lace
also
k
n
o
ws
its
C
H
an
d
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
;
iii)
T
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
th
e
in
itial p
o
wer
o
f
b
atter
ies
ar
e
id
en
tical
in
all
C
Hs
;
an
d
iv
)
E
ac
h
C
H
k
n
o
ws its
p
lace
also
h
as k
n
o
wled
g
e
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
th
at
is
to
s
ay
th
e
o
th
er
C
Hs
an
d
th
e
s
in
k
’
s
p
lace
.
As
p
er
ar
r
a
n
g
e
HW
SN,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
two
tim
es
in
in
ter
-
clu
s
ter
an
d
in
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
,
in
th
e
s
am
e
m
an
n
er
in
s
eq
u
en
tial.
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
SMORP
in
HW
SN
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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6
9
3
0
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KOM
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elec
o
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u
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o
m
p
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t E
l
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o
n
tr
o
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Vo
l.
20
,
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.
1
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Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
21
2
-
22
0
216
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
SMORP
f
lo
w
-
ch
ar
t f
o
r
HW
SNs
5.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
E
x
ten
d
in
g
t
h
e
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
d
escr
ib
ed
HW
SN
ca
n
b
e
attai
n
ed
b
y
p
r
o
lo
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
tim
e
p
a
s
s
ed
till
th
e
d
ea
th
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
last
s
en
s
o
r
f
o
r
b
o
th
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
C
H
s
en
s
o
r
.
So
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
HW
SN
s
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
c
o
m
p
ar
in
g
it
with
th
e
c
h
ess
b
o
ar
d
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
(
C
C
)
m
eth
o
d
[
1
1
]
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
s
am
e
r
o
u
tin
g
m
e
tr
ics
an
d
th
e
s
am
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
b
o
t
h
m
o
d
els,
th
e
d
ea
t
h
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
d
e
is
u
s
ed
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
(
f
ir
s
t/las
t)
cr
iter
ia,
s
in
ce
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
d
e
d
ea
th
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
W
SNs
wh
ich
is
s
en
s
in
g
.
5
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n
s
et
up
W
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
av
er
ag
e
r
em
ain
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
d
e
ad
n
o
d
es,
r
u
n
n
in
g
tim
es,
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
h
o
p
s
as
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
in
ter
m
s
o
f
u
n
if
o
r
m
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
an
d
ex
ten
d
in
g
t
h
e
n
etw
o
r
k
life
tim
e.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
xten
d
in
g
lifetime
o
f h
etero
g
e
n
eo
u
s
w
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
etw
o
r
k
s
…
(
I
ma
d
S
.
A
ls
h
a
w
i
)
217
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
a
r
am
e
ter
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
et
u
p
in
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
to
m
im
ic
th
e
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
n
etwo
r
k
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
As
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
f
o
r
th
e
two
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
we
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
wh
er
e
(
1
0
0
0
)
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
(
3
6
)
C
Hs
ar
e
d
ep
l
o
y
ed
r
an
d
o
m
ly
o
v
e
r
a
s
q
u
ar
e
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
ar
ea
wit
h
(
3
0
0
×
3
0
0
m
)
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
a
r
o
u
n
d
C
Hs
u
s
in
g
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
p
ar
titi
o
n
m
eth
o
d
.
B
o
th
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
r
u
n
out
o
f
(
2
0
0
0
)
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
th
e
y
ar
e
d
o
n
e
u
s
ed
t
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
r
ad
io
m
o
d
el
d
escr
i
b
ed
in
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
ea
c
h
r
o
u
n
d
,
e
q
u
al
(
2
k
)
b
y
tes
o
f
p
a
ck
et
len
g
t
h
wer
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
b
o
th
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Als
o
,
th
er
e
i
s
ju
s
t
o
n
e
d
ata
s
in
k
lo
ca
ted
at
(
0
m
,
1
5
0
m
)
an
d
al
l
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
C
Hs
h
av
e
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
in
itial
en
er
g
y
o
f
(
0
.
5
J
)
an
d
(
2
.
5
J
)
with
a
s
en
s
ed
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
(
2
0
m
)
an
d
(
8
0
m
)
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
.
T
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
lo
ad
o
n
ea
ch
N
-
s
en
s
o
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
en
er
ated
r
an
d
o
m
ly
with
a
r
a
n
g
e
v
alu
e
o
f
[
0
.
.
.
1
0
]
.
I
t
is
also
alter
ed
in
th
e
[
0
.
.
.
5
0
]
r
an
g
e
i
n
e
ac
h
C
H
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
To
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
a
l
a
r
e
a
(
me
t
e
r
s)
3
0
0
×
3
0
0
m
S
i
n
k
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
met
e
r
s)
(
0
,
1
5
0
)
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
p
a
c
k
e
t
l
e
n
g
t
h
2k
N
o
.
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
(
r
o
u
n
d
s)
2
×
10
3
N
-
sen
so
r
s
N
o
.
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
1
0
0
0
Li
mi
t
o
f
t
r
a
n
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mi
ss
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o
n
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s
t
a
n
c
e
2
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m
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
0
.
5
J
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e
l
e
c
5
0
n
J
/
b
i
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a
m
p
1
0
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p
J
/
b
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t
/
m
2
M
a
x
.
t
r
a
f
f
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c
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n
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s
q
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e
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e
10
C
H
s
N
o
.
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
36
Li
mi
t
o
f
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r
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mi
ss
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s
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