T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
1
27
5
~
1
2
8
4
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
3
.
14029
1275
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
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tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
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id/
index
.
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Mat
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AB
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T
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y
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e
p
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2019
R
e
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d
J
a
n
19
,
2020
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c
e
pted
F
e
b
26
,
2020
In
t
h
e
w
o
rl
d
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
era,
an
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
e
v
el
o
p
me
n
t
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
ern
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(I
o
T
)
w
ere
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
ed
,
w
h
ere
d
e
v
i
ce
s
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
e
w
i
t
h
eac
h
o
t
h
er
an
d
t
h
e
p
ro
ce
s
s
are
au
t
o
ma
t
ed
an
d
co
n
t
ro
l
l
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
el
p
o
f
i
n
t
er
n
et
.
A
n
I
o
T
i
n
an
ag
ri
cu
l
t
u
re
framew
o
r
k
i
n
c
l
u
d
es
v
ari
o
u
s
b
en
ef
i
t
s
i
n
man
ag
i
n
g
an
d
mo
n
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t
o
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n
g
t
h
e
cro
p
s
.
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t
h
i
s
p
a
p
er,
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arch
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t
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t
u
ra
l
fra
mew
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i
s
d
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e
l
o
p
ed
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ch
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n
t
e
g
rat
e
s
t
h
e
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n
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er
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et
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h
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n
g
s
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o
T
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h
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ro
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c
t
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o
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o
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cr
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p
s
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ffere
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mea
s
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re
s
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d
met
h
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d
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re
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s
ed
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o
m
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t
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r
cro
p
s
u
s
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g
c
l
o
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d
co
mp
u
t
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
r
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ach
p
ro
v
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rea
l
-
t
i
me
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l
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m
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s
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ce
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res
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l
t
t
o
farmer
w
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c
h
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s
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ece
s
s
ar
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t
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e
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h
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ch
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ces
t
h
e
t
i
me,
en
erg
y
o
f
t
h
e
farmer.
T
h
e
d
at
a
co
l
l
ec
t
ed
fro
m
t
h
e
fi
e
l
d
s
are
s
t
o
re
d
i
n
t
h
e
cl
o
u
d
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d
p
ro
ce
s
s
e
d
i
n
o
rd
er
t
o
faci
l
i
t
at
e
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t
o
ma
t
i
o
n
b
y
i
n
t
eg
ra
t
i
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g
I
o
T
d
ev
i
ce
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
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res
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
ap
er
c
o
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l
d
i
n
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h
e
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r
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ct
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v
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t
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t
h
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cro
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s
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e
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rce
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t
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ze
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h
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ag
r
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l
t
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re
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el
d
s
.
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h
e
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u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
eri
me
n
t
a
t
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e
d
o
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t
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res
e
n
t
s
t
h
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d
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ai
l
s
o
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t
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re,
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o
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t
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r
e,
h
u
mi
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t
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n
d
w
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t
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d
a
n
d
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rm
s
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o
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l
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i
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
n
t
eract
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
farmer.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
nter
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
I
oT
)
M
a
na
ge
ment
s
ys
t
e
m
S
mar
t
a
gr
icultu
r
e
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
S
e
if
e
dine
Ka
dr
y
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
M
a
thema
ti
c
s
a
nd
C
omput
e
r
S
c
ienc
e
,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
S
c
ienc
e
,
B
e
ir
ut
A
r
a
b
Unive
r
s
it
y,
B
e
ir
ut,
L
e
ba
non
.
E
mail:
s
.
ka
dr
y@ba
u
.
e
du.
lb
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
nter
ne
t
o
f
thi
ngs
(I
o
T
)
is
a
te
r
m
that
e
na
bles
us
to
uti
li
z
e
tec
hnologi
e
s
,
wor
k
togethe
r
,
c
omm
unica
te
e
a
c
h
other
,
pr
ovide
r
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
wir
e
les
s
ly
f
or
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
a
nd
pr
ovide
mor
e
va
luable
inf
or
mation
f
o
r
e
f
f
icie
nt
de
c
is
ion
makin
g
in
the
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
ield.
I
o
T
is
dr
a
matic
a
ll
y
a
de
ve
lopi
ng
tec
hnology
in
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
a
r
e
a
s
li
ke
he
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
,
de
f
e
ns
e
,
indus
tr
y,
a
gr
icultur
e
a
n
d
s
o
on
the
f
e
a
tur
e
s
o
f
I
o
T
a
r
e
unli
m
it
e
d
in
s
uc
h
a
wa
y
th
a
t
it
c
a
n
be
uti
li
z
e
d
f
o
r
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
c
ivi
li
z
a
ti
on
to
make
a
nd
lea
d
a
be
tt
e
r
li
f
e
.
T
o
im
pleme
nt
I
o
T
one
ne
e
d
to
ha
ve
a
knowle
dge
on
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
e
a
with
the
ha
r
dwa
r
e
e
quipm
e
nt’
s
a
nd
pos
s
ibi
li
ti
e
s
with
c
o
nne
c
ti
on
to
int
e
r
ne
t
f
or
a
c
c
e
s
s
ing
the
de
vice
s
.
I
o
T
is
mor
e
l
ike
phys
ica
l
thi
ngs
c
onne
c
ted
to
int
e
r
ne
t,
c
omm
unica
te,
a
nd
s
ha
r
e
da
ta
to
e
a
c
h
other
whic
h
is
s
mar
t
de
vice
s
,
I
o
T
is
no
t
a
ne
w
idea
but
r
e
c
e
nt
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
in
ha
r
dwa
r
e
tec
hnology
made
it
popular
[
1
]
f
or
im
pleme
ntation
,
U
.
S
pr
e
s
ident
p
r
ovided
a
pos
it
ive
s
tate
ment
a
f
te
r
Auto
-
I
D
us
ing
I
o
T
in
1998
[
2
]
ther
e
wa
s
a
gr
e
a
t
e
nc
our
a
ge
ment
a
nd
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
in
the
f
ield
[
3
]
.
I
o
T
with
s
e
ns
or
n
e
twor
ks
pr
ovides
a
ne
w
de
vice
to
int
e
r
a
c
t
a
nd
obs
e
r
ve
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
da
ta
in
phys
ica
l
wor
ld
[
4
]
p
r
ovi
de
d
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1
27
5
-
1
28
4
1276
a
utom
a
ti
on
a
nd
de
c
is
ion
making
p
r
oc
e
s
s
.
De
ve
lopi
ng
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
s
ys
tem
us
ing
I
o
T
f
or
a
gr
icultu
r
e
c
ould
be
a
ble
to
moni
tor
the
c
r
ops
gr
owth
a
nd
it
s
e
nvir
o
nment
[5
,
6]
e
ve
n
though
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
o
f
the
r
a
w
da
ta
is
im
po
r
tant
[
7]
,
the
mi
ning
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
of
the
da
ta
is
a
ls
o
c
on
s
ider
e
d
to
be
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
tas
k.
Agr
icult
ur
e
f
ield
pr
oduc
ts
[8
,
9
]
ha
ve
s
e
ve
r
a
l
is
s
ue
s
with
I
o
T
wh
i
c
h
c
a
n
be
s
olved
a
nd
a
ll
ow
us
to
p
r
e
dict,
moni
tor
,
a
nd
mana
ge
the
c
yc
le
of
a
gr
icultu
r
e
pr
oduc
ts
.
I
n
I
n
dia
a
gr
icultur
e
is
the
lar
ge
s
t
li
ve
li
hood
pr
ovider
with
it
s
e
nor
mous
population
[
10
]
mer
e
ly
ha
lf
of
the
popul
a
ti
on
s
ti
ll
r
e
li
e
s
on
a
gr
icultur
e
a
s
income
.
Our
P
r
opos
e
d
Ar
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
model
c
ons
is
ts
of
thr
e
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
laye
r
s
a
s
1
)
p
hys
ica
l
laye
r
,
2
)
I
o
T
laye
r
,
3
)
C
om
-
op
laye
r
,
thes
e
laye
r
s
a
c
t
a
s
the
e
nti
r
e
ma
na
ge
ment
s
ys
tem
pr
ovided
with
c
ons
umer
mon
it
o
r
ing
a
nd
a
utom
a
ti
on
s
e
r
vice
s
int
o
it
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
ha
s
c
a
pa
b
il
it
y
of
mana
ging
a
ll
types
of
is
s
ue
s
in
a
gr
icult
ur
e
li
ke
a
nim
a
l
c
ontr
ol,
qua
li
ty
mana
ge
ment,
s
upply
-
c
ha
in
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
s
o
on.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WORK
Z
ha
o
e
t
.
a
l
[
1]
,
p
r
opos
e
d
the
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
I
o
T
(
int
e
r
ne
t
of
T
hings
)
tec
hnology
to
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pr
oduc
ti
on
of
a
gr
icultu
r
e
c
r
ops
with
r
e
mot
e
m
onit
or
ing
a
nd
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
on
us
ing
int
e
r
ne
t
is
pr
opos
e
d,
a
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tem
o
f
in
f
or
mation
is
a
ls
o
de
s
igned
to
ha
ndle
the
c
r
ops
da
ta
f
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pur
pos
e
.
Ning
H
.
a
nd
W
a
ng
Z
.
[
2
]
ha
s
dif
f
e
r
e
nti
a
t
e
d
I
o
T
in
two
a
s
pe
c
ts
na
mely
Unit
I
o
T
a
nd
Ubiqu
i
tous
I
o
T
,
whe
r
e
man’
s
li
ke
ne
ur
a
l
model
(
M
L
N)
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
in
un
it
I
o
T
a
nd
a
global
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
un
it
I
o
T
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
ubiqui
tous
I
o
T
with
thi
s
c
ombi
n
a
ti
on,
a
s
o
c
ial
or
g
a
niza
ti
on
f
r
a
mew
or
k
model
(
S
OF)
is
c
ons
tr
uc
ted
f
or
the
r
e
lations
hip
a
nd
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
f
or
f
utur
e
o
f
I
o
T
.
Ya
ne
[
3]
ha
ve
dis
c
us
s
e
d
a
bout
the
methods
of
de
s
igni
ng
the
I
o
T
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tu
r
e
f
or
a
g
r
icultur
e
by
e
mpl
oying
Agr
icultu
r
e
inf
or
mation
tec
hnology
(
AI
T
)
c
onc
e
pt
by
a
na
lyzing
the
f
e
a
tur
e
s
of
a
gr
icultur
e
da
ta.
Z
hou
e
t.
a
l
[
4
]
ha
ve
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
r
e
por
t
of
us
ing
s
e
ns
or
ne
twor
ks
de
s
ign
on
I
o
T
in
a
gr
icultur
e
f
or
moni
to
r
ing
the
c
r
ops
a
nd
the
de
s
ign
is
e
va
luate
d
us
ing
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
li
ke
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
,
c
os
t,
int
e
r
ope
r
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
mana
ge
ment
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
r
i
ght
de
s
ign.
Qia
n
S
.,
e
t.
a
l
[
5
]
ha
s
pr
opos
e
d
the
c
onc
e
pt
of
e
mb
e
dding
the
I
o
T
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
with
c
r
ops
gr
owth
whi
c
h
make
the
s
ys
tem
to
be
a
da
pti
ve
a
nd
int
e
ll
igent,
by
e
xpe
r
im
e
nti
ng
on
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
ields
.
T
he
y
a
ls
o
dis
c
us
s
e
d
a
bout
the
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
f
a
c
e
d
to
de
ve
lop
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
s
ys
tem.
B
ing
F
.
[
6]
ha
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
a
n
in
telli
ge
nt
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
tem
on
I
o
T
with
f
e
w
tec
hnologi
e
s
e
mpl
oye
d
su
c
h
a
s
s
e
ns
or
s
,
R
F
I
D,
a
nd
s
o
on
,
a
de
c
is
io
n
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
tem
is
de
ve
loped
b
y
mana
ging
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
t
he
plant
e
nvir
onment.
B
ing
F
.
e
t
.
a
l
[
7
]
ha
s
dis
c
us
s
e
d
a
bout
the
de
v
ice
s
us
e
d
in
I
o
T
a
long
with
it
s
a
r
c
hit
e
c
t
ur
e
,
s
e
r
vice
s
a
nd
p
r
otocols
whic
h
is
int
e
nde
d
to
c
oll
e
c
t
the
r
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta
a
nd
p
r
ovide
s
e
r
vice
s
to
c
ons
umer
s
.
W
a
ng
C
.,
e
t
.
a
l
[
8]
p
r
e
s
e
nted
the
i
mpac
t
of
c
loud
c
omput
ing
a
nd
I
o
T
on
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
s
ys
tem
by
taking
diver
s
if
ica
ti
on
in
to
a
dva
nc
e
d
s
ys
tem
wh
ich
de
a
ls
with
c
ompl
e
xit
y
a
nd
r
obus
t
na
tur
e
,
they
e
xplaine
d
the
wa
ys
of
innovations
to
a
c
hieve
the
goa
l
of
I
o
T
with
a
utom
a
ti
on.
L
e
e
M
.,
e
t.
a
l
[
9]
ha
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
n
I
o
T
ba
s
e
d
a
gr
icultur
e
p
r
oduc
ti
ons
to
mana
ge
the
s
upp
ly
c
ha
in
de
mand
a
nd
a
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
to
a
na
lyze
e
nvir
onment
of
the
c
r
ops
,
with
methods
to
c
a
r
r
y
ou
t
de
c
is
ion
s
uppor
t.
T
uli
A
.,
e
t.
a
l
[
10
]
p
r
opos
e
d
a
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
moder
nizing
the
I
ndian
a
gr
icultur
e
s
ys
tem
wi
th
c
loud
de
ploym
e
nt
na
med
a
s
“
Agr
i
-
As
s
is
tant”
whic
h
pr
o
vide
inf
o
r
mation
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
a
gr
icultu
r
e
a
nd
it
s
methods
f
or
f
a
r
mer
s
in
r
u
r
a
l
a
r
e
a
s
.
Kilj
a
nde
r
J
.,
e
t
.
a
l
[
11]
ha
s
pr
opos
e
d
a
nove
l
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
f
or
I
o
T
a
nd
pe
r
va
s
ive
c
omput
ing
that
pr
ovides
a
huge
po
tential
to
bu
s
ines
s
in
vir
tual
c
ompu
ti
ng
plat
f
or
m
a
nd
pr
e
s
e
nted
two
pr
inciples
f
or
the
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
.
Ala
m
K
.
M
.,
e
t
.
a
l
[
12]
ha
s
dis
c
us
s
e
d
the
e
nha
nc
e
ments
of
o
pe
n
I
o
T
p
latf
or
ms
on
a
gr
icultur
e
f
o
r
va
li
da
ti
ng
,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
s
tudy
th
e
c
r
ops
gr
owth
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
it
s
e
nvir
onment
to
make
e
f
f
icie
nt
de
c
is
ions
.
J
a
ya
r
a
man
P
.,
e
t
.
a
l
[
13]
pr
e
s
e
nted
the
a
na
lys
is
by
identif
ying
the
ne
e
ds
f
or
a
gr
icultur
e
ba
s
e
d
on
the
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
or
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
l
ike
we
a
ther
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
ti
ng,
c
r
op
s
f
a
r
mi
ng,
r
u
r
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
a
nd
mar
ke
t
identif
ica
ti
on,
r
e
leva
nt
to
the
I
o
T
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
a
nd
c
ontr
ibut
ion
of
I
o
T
towa
r
d
s
pove
r
ty
r
e
duc
ti
on.
K
a
lez
hi
J
.,
a
nd
Dlodlo
N
.
[
14]
ha
ve
dis
c
us
s
e
d
a
bout
the
methods
in
I
o
T
that
r
e
duc
e
s
inves
tm
e
nts
with
top
-
down
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
pr
inciples
e
s
pe
c
ially
s
uit
e
d
f
o
r
s
mar
t
c
it
ies
c
r
e
a
ti
on.
Ga
nc
he
v
e
t
.
a
l
[
15]
ha
s
p
r
o
pos
e
d
a
d
is
tr
ibut
e
d
I
o
T
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
a
s
DI
AT
(
d
is
tr
ibut
e
d
int
e
r
ne
t
-
li
ke
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
thi
ngs
)
whic
h
is
us
e
d
to
tac
kle
the
is
s
ue
s
s
uc
h
a
s
s
e
c
u
r
it
y,
he
ter
oge
ne
it
y,
a
nd
s
o
on
a
nd
the
s
e
r
vice
c
r
e
a
ted
f
or
a
utom
a
ti
on
a
nd
de
c
is
ion
making
f
or
mul
t
ipl
e
do
mains
.
Ana
nd
Na
yya
r
a
nd
E
r
.
Vik
r
a
m
P
ur
i
[
16]
,
p
r
e
s
e
nted
the
im
po
r
tanc
e
of
I
o
T
a
nd
s
mar
t
int
e
ll
igent
ne
two
r
ks
,
T
he
y
p
r
e
s
e
nted
the
S
mar
t
f
a
r
mi
ng
tec
hnique
s
ba
s
e
d
on
I
o
T
a
nd
p
r
opos
e
d
a
nove
l
s
mar
t
a
gr
icultur
e
s
ti
c
k
us
ing
I
o
T
whic
h
m
onit
or
s
the
c
r
op
gr
owth
.
T
he
S
ti
c
k
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
their
pa
pe
r
ke
e
ps
tr
a
c
k
of
li
ve
da
ta
of
tempe
r
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
s
a
nd
moni
tor
s
the
e
nvir
on
ment
by
e
na
bli
ng
f
a
r
mi
n
g
tec
hniques
a
nd
in
c
r
e
a
s
ing
the
ove
r
a
ll
yield
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on
qua
li
ty
.
T
he
y
us
e
d
Aur
dino
tec
hnology
to
e
na
ble
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
li
ve
da
ta
f
e
e
ds
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
T
hings
s
pe
a
k.
c
om.
J
iangf
e
ng
C
he
ng
e
t.
a
l
[
17]
in
tr
oduc
e
d
a
bout
s
mar
t
manuf
a
c
tur
ing
ba
s
ing
on
c
ybe
r
-
phys
ica
l
s
ys
tems
(
C
P
M
S
)
,
the
ke
y
is
s
ue
s
in
C
P
M
S
include
I
ndus
tr
ial
in
ter
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
I
I
o
T
)
wi
th
the
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
li
ke
a
ut
omation,
s
mar
t
c
onne
c
ti
vit
y,
r
e
a
l
ti
me
mon
it
or
ing
a
nd
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
ve
c
ontr
ol
.
T
he
y
s
ugge
s
ted
that
3
rd
ge
n
a
n
d
4
th
ge
n
mob
il
e
s
doe
s
not
mee
t
the
de
mand
s
of
C
P
M
S
in
s
uppor
ti
ng
high
da
ta
r
a
te,
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
,
late
nc
y
e
tc.
T
he
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
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lec
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un
C
omput
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Smar
t
agr
icultur
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me
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tem
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ne
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of
thi
ngs
(
K
aus
hik
Se
k
ar
an
)
1277
pr
opos
e
d
the
potentialit
y
of
5G
in
p
r
omi
ti
ng
I
I
o
T
a
nd
C
P
M
S
.
T
he
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
5G
tec
hnology
c
ould
s
uppor
t
I
I
o
T
a
nd
C
P
M
S
in
manuf
a
c
tur
ing
tec
hnologi
e
s
w
it
h
thr
e
e
types
of
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
mode
ie,
e
nha
nc
e
mobi
le
br
oa
dba
nd
(
e
M
B
B
)
,
mas
s
ive
mac
hine
typ
e
c
omm
unica
ti
on
(
mM
T
C
)
,
ult
r
a
-
r
e
li
a
ble
a
nd
low
late
nc
y
c
omm
unica
ti
on
(
UR
L
L
C
)
.
T
he
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
of
5G
te
c
hnology
is
a
ls
o
dis
c
us
s
e
d.
3.
P
ROP
OS
E
D
AR
CHI
T
E
CT
UR
E
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
t
ion
a
n
Ar
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
is
pr
opos
e
d
a
s
s
hown
F
igur
e
1
f
o
r
s
mar
t
Agr
icul
tur
e
us
ing
int
e
r
ne
t
o
f
thi
ngs
(I
o
T
)
whic
h
pr
ovides
numer
ous
be
ne
f
it
s
s
uc
h
a
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt
mana
ge
ment
of
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
,
knowle
dge
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
int
e
ll
igent
mana
ge
ment,
moni
tor
ing
,
e
tc.
,
F
ig
ur
e
1.
S
mar
t
a
gr
icultu
r
e
s
ys
tem
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
T
he
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
[
18
-
25]
is
divi
de
d
int
o
th
r
e
e
laye
r
s
na
mely:
a
.
P
hys
ica
l
L
a
ye
r
b.
I
o
T
L
a
ye
r
c
.
C
om
-
op
L
a
ye
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1
27
5
-
1
28
4
1278
−
P
hys
ica
l
laye
r
T
he
phys
ica
l
laye
r
is
a
laye
r
of
a
utom
a
ti
on
to
c
ontr
ol
the
s
mar
t
a
gr
icultur
e
s
ys
tem.
T
he
a
utom
a
ti
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
c
ontr
oll
e
r
ha
s
s
e
ns
or
s
a
n
d
c
ontr
ol
mon
it
or
ing
s
ys
tem.
I
t
is
de
s
igned
to
ma
na
ge
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
the
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
a
ls
o
pe
r
f
o
r
ms
moni
to
r
in
g
of
s
ys
tem
de
vic
e
s
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
s
us
e
d
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
a
utom
a
ti
on
a
r
e
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
,
mot
ion
de
tec
ti
on
s
e
ns
or
,
wa
ter
leve
l
s
e
n
s
or
,
a
nd
photos
ynthes
is
s
e
n
s
or
s
.
T
his
s
e
ns
or
c
omes
unde
r
I
o
T
de
vice
s
w
hich
a
r
e
s
ubpa
r
ts
in
I
o
T
L
a
ye
r
.
T
he
s
e
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
int
e
nde
d
to
c
he
c
k
the
moi
s
tur
e
leve
l
o
f
s
oil
,
a
mount
of
wa
ter
r
e
quir
e
d
f
o
r
the
c
r
op
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
plant,
e
nvi
r
onment
a
nd
de
tec
ti
on
mot
ion
of
t
he
s
pe
c
ies
.
T
he
C
C
T
V
c
a
mer
a
s
,
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
c
a
mer
a
s
,
wa
ter
s
ys
tem,
we
a
ther
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tems
we
r
e
us
e
d
to
moni
t
or
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
f
ield
.
T
he
un
de
r
lyi
ng
c
omm
unica
ti
on
pr
otocols
he
lps
us
to
pr
ovide
a
uto
mation
by
s
e
r
ving
a
s
a
n
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
be
twe
e
n
a
ny
two
or
mor
e
de
vice
s
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta.
−
Automation
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
ontr
oll
e
r
T
he
I
o
T
de
vice
s
r
e
c
e
ive
the
input
f
r
om
the
s
e
n
s
or
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
de
vice
s
of
the
phys
ica
l
laye
r
.
T
he
home
-
gr
own
s
e
r
ve
r
us
e
s
the
I
o
T
da
ta
man
a
ge
r
whic
h
r
e
c
e
ives
the
r
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta
f
r
om
th
e
s
ys
tem
c
ontr
oll
e
r
.
I
t
s
tor
e
s
da
ta
tempor
a
r
il
y
in
a
loca
l
s
e
r
v
e
r
.
T
he
ga
tew
a
y
s
e
nds
da
ta
to
the
c
loud
to
a
na
lyze
th
e
da
ta
a
nd
ini
ti
a
tes
the
pr
ope
r
s
e
r
vice
.
T
he
C
om
-
Op
laye
r
r
e
c
e
ives
the
r
e
a
l
t
im
e
da
ta
f
r
o
m
the
I
o
T
laye
r
thr
ough
a
we
ll
-
de
f
ined
s
e
c
ur
it
y
c
ha
nne
l
de
pe
nding
on
the
d
a
ta
r
e
c
e
ived,
a
pa
r
t
icula
r
s
e
r
vice
will
be
c
hos
e
n.
−
I
o
T
laye
r
T
he
I
o
T
laye
r
is
the
laye
r
whe
r
e
the
da
ta
f
r
o
m
t
he
phys
ica
l
f
ield
is
c
oll
e
c
ted
a
nd
s
e
nt
to
f
u
r
ther
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
in
the
C
omp
-
op
laye
r
.
I
n
the
I
o
T
laye
r
,
a
s
ys
tem
c
ontr
oll
e
r
is
pr
e
s
e
nt
whe
r
e
the
I
o
T
de
v
ice
s
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
s
ys
t
e
m
c
ontr
oll
e
r
f
or
e
xa
mpl
e
phys
ica
l
loca
l
s
y
s
tem
c
oll
e
c
ts
da
t
a
f
r
om
the
de
vice
s
a
nd
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
thr
ough
the
loca
l
s
e
r
ve
r
to
main
c
loud
s
e
r
ve
r
us
ing
thi
s
s
ys
tem
c
ontr
oll
e
r
.
T
he
I
o
T
de
vic
e
s
a
ler
ts
e
ve
r
y
s
e
c
ond,
noti
f
ies
e
ve
r
y
c
ha
nge
s
a
nd
s
e
nds
da
ta
to
the
c
ont
r
oll
e
r
.
T
he
de
vice
s
mainly
us
e
d
in
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem
a
r
e
wir
e
les
s
s
e
n
s
or
s
,
digi
tal
c
a
mer
a
s
,
a
nd
e
mbedde
d
de
vice
s
.
T
he
home
-
gr
own
s
e
r
ve
r
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
a
loca
l
s
e
r
ve
r
.
I
t
is
the
pa
r
t
of
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
ontr
oll
e
r
in
whic
h
the
home
-
gr
ow
n
s
e
r
ve
r
s
c
ontains
I
o
T
da
ta
mana
ge
r
in
f
or
mation
whic
h
c
o
ll
e
c
ts
da
ta
f
r
om
the
de
vice
s
a
nd
s
tor
e
s
in
the
tempor
a
r
y
s
tor
a
ge
.
T
he
da
ta
is
then
f
o
r
wa
r
de
d
to
the
c
loud
t
o
pr
oc
e
s
s
the
da
ta
via
ga
tew
a
y
us
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
da
ta
f
r
om
loca
l
to
the
main
s
e
r
ve
r
in
the
c
loud
.
−
E
ne
r
gy
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
mo
nit
or
ing
s
ys
tem
is
us
e
d
f
or
c
ontr
oll
ing
the
e
ne
r
gy,
powe
r
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
us
e
d
in
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
s
o
that
powe
r
c
a
n
be
r
e
duc
e
d
a
nd
s
a
ve
d
in
or
de
r
to
make
a
utom
a
ti
on
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt.
I
n
th
is
pa
r
t
of
the
s
ys
tem,
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
ontr
oll
e
r
c
a
n
be
c
ode
d
to
c
ontr
ol
the
powe
r
s
our
c
e
whic
h
is
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
a
ll
de
vice
s
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
a
utom
a
ti
on.
T
he
powe
r
s
our
c
e
s
a
r
e
e
it
he
r
tur
ne
d
of
f
or
r
e
duc
e
d
whe
n
ther
e
is
non
-
uti
li
z
a
ti
on
of
s
e
ns
or
s
or
c
a
ptur
ing
de
vice
s
to
s
a
ve
e
lec
tr
icity
a
nd
make
a
utom
a
ti
on
mor
e
e
f
f
icie
nt.
−
C
om
-
op
laye
r
I
n
the
c
om
-
op
laye
r
the
s
e
c
ur
it
y
leve
l
pr
otoc
ols
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
da
ta
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
with
in
the
c
loud
s
e
r
vice
s
.
I
t
a
c
ts
a
s
a
S
tor
a
ge
a
r
e
a
f
or
m
a
ny
types
of
da
ta
to
s
tor
e
whic
h
c
a
n
s
tor
e
e
ve
r
y
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
d
da
ta
a
nd
da
ta
to
be
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
.
T
he
a
na
lyze
r
is
th
e
main
pr
oc
e
s
s
s
ys
tem
whe
r
e
the
da
ta
a
r
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
a
nd
ba
s
ing
on
the
r
e
s
ult
,
the
f
u
r
ther
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
r
e
de
c
i
de
d
a
nd
p
r
e
pa
r
e
d
f
or
e
xe
c
uti
on.
T
he
s
e
r
vice
s
a
r
e
the
f
ull
powe
r
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
that
a
r
e
c
r
e
a
ted
f
or
the
c
li
e
nt
who
de
c
ide
to
do
wha
t
s
ho
uld
be
done
whe
n
c
e
r
tain
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
a
nd
wa
r
ning
a
nd
a
ler
ts
a
r
e
be
ing
give
n
f
r
om
the
c
loud
s
e
r
vice
s
.
−
R
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta
a
na
lyze
r
T
he
R
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta
a
na
lyze
r
wi
ll
be
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
da
taba
s
e
s
a
nd
c
omput
e
the
da
ta
that
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
r
e
a
l
ti
me
a
nd
s
tor
e
d
c
ult
ivation
methods
a
nd
de
r
ive
the
r
e
s
ult
s
to
be
s
tor
e
d
in
the
a
na
lyze
d
da
ta.
T
he
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
the
c
r
op
c
ult
ivati
on
f
ield
will
be
c
ompar
e
d
with
the
da
taba
s
e
inf
or
mation
of
tr
a
dit
ional
method
of
c
ult
ivation
a
nd
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
da
ta
whic
h
is
r
e
s
u
lt
e
d
f
r
om
the
c
ompar
is
on,
the
mes
s
a
ge
will
be
s
e
nt
to
the
c
li
e
nt
da
s
h
boa
r
d
a
nd
de
c
is
ion
will
be
made
.
T
he
f
ive
da
taba
s
e
s
of
S
tor
a
ge
a
r
e
a
in
the
c
loud
a
r
e
include
d
s
uc
h
a
s
;
−
I
o
T
De
vice
s
inf
o
r
mation
DB
I
t
s
tor
e
s
the
da
ta
a
bout
the
de
vice
s
that
a
r
e
ins
talled
in
the
f
ield
a
nd
pr
ovides
the
s
tatus
of
the
de
vice
whe
ther
it
is
a
c
ti
ve
or
not
c
a
n
be
identif
ied
e
a
s
il
y
a
nd
r
e
s
tor
a
ti
on
of
the
de
vice
s
c
a
n
be
done
,
e
ve
r
y
ba
s
ic
a
nd
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
inf
or
mation
a
bout
the
de
vice
s
a
r
e
s
tor
e
d
a
nd
upda
ted
in
e
ve
r
y
da
y
o
f
the
f
ield
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
da
taba
s
e
is
maintaine
d
the
de
tails
of
s
e
ns
or
na
me,
s
e
ns
or
id
,
s
e
ns
or
s
tatus
,
da
te,
ti
me
,
a
nd
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
of
the
s
e
ns
or
.
−
I
o
T
de
vice
obs
e
r
ve
d
da
ta
DB
T
his
da
taba
s
e
s
tor
e
s
the
r
e
a
l
ti
me
obs
e
r
ve
d
da
ta
whic
h
is
c
omm
unica
ted
by
I
o
T
da
ta
mana
ge
r
f
r
o
m
I
o
T
laye
r
a
nd
he
lps
to
p
r
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
moni
tor
the
c
r
ops
obs
e
r
ve
d
da
ta
f
or
f
ur
the
r
a
na
lyze
.
T
he
da
ta
that
a
r
e
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
the
va
r
ious
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
de
vice
s
a
r
e
s
tor
e
d
in
the
da
taba
s
e
.
Da
ta
f
r
om
moni
tor
ing
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Smar
t
agr
icultur
e
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
K
aus
hik
Se
k
ar
an
)
1279
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
be
s
tor
e
d
in
the
da
taba
s
e
a
s
videos
,
pictur
e
s
.
De
tails
f
r
om
the
s
e
ns
or
s
li
ke
s
e
ns
or
s
s
tat
us
,
wa
ter
leve
l,
we
a
ther
s
ys
tem
de
tails
c
a
n
be
s
tor
e
d
f
or
de
c
is
ion
making
pur
pos
e
.
T
he
obs
e
r
ve
d
da
ta
may
be
a
s
ignal,
text,
video
a
nd
pictur
e
.
−
Agr
icultur
e
c
ult
ivation
metho
ds
I
t
c
ons
i
s
ts
of
a
huge
s
e
t
of
c
r
ops
c
ult
ivation
met
hods
a
nd
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
inf
or
mation
;
thi
s
he
lps
to
take
de
c
is
ion
a
bout
the
c
r
op
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
I
t
c
ons
is
ts
of
de
tails
a
bout
c
r
ops
c
ult
ivation
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
thi
ngs
a
bout
the
ne
e
d
of
a
pa
r
t
icula
r
c
r
op
to
be
plante
d
a
nd
de
ve
loped.
F
or
the
c
r
op
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd
good
yield
o
f
the
c
r
op,
the
de
tails
of
s
oil
type,
s
oil
c
ontents
,
mi
n
e
r
a
ls
ne
e
de
d,
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
g
r
o
wth.
−
Ana
lyze
d
da
ta
T
his
da
taba
s
e
s
tor
e
s
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
da
ta
f
r
om
I
o
T
a
nd
Agr
icul
tur
e
c
ult
ivation
m
e
thods
,
de
r
ived
s
tr
uc
tur
e
da
ta
f
or
the
c
us
tom
e
r
us
a
ge
.
W
it
h
thi
s
d
a
ta,
the
f
ur
the
r
ne
e
d
of
a
c
r
op
is
p
r
e
dicte
d
to
pr
o
vide
f
or
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
f
ield
li
ke
wa
ter
s
upply
,
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
upply,
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
tems
.
T
he
his
tor
ic
da
ta
is
us
e
d
f
or
f
ur
ther
c
r
op
a
nd
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
−
Automation
pr
oc
e
s
s
da
taba
s
e
I
t
c
ons
is
ts
of
da
ta
a
bout
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
in
the
f
ield
a
nd
his
tor
y
f
or
f
ur
ther
a
na
lys
is
.
T
his
da
taba
s
e
a
c
ts
a
s
the
ba
c
kup
da
taba
s
e
of
the
I
o
T
de
vice
s
inf
o
r
mation
da
taba
s
e
,
t
r
a
dit
ional
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
c
ult
ivation
methods
da
taba
s
e
,
a
nd
a
na
lyze
d
da
taba
s
e
a
nd
a
ddit
ionally
we
s
tor
e
he
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
de
tails
in
thi
s
da
taba
s
e
.
3.
1.
S
e
r
vice
s
T
he
f
our
major
c
loud
[
26
-
30]
or
iente
d
s
e
r
vice
s
f
o
r
the
da
ta
a
r
e
pr
ov
ided
s
uc
h
a
s
:
−
Da
ta
a
s
a
s
e
r
vice
Da
ta
will
be
pr
ov
ided
f
r
om
the
da
taba
s
e
to
the
c
li
e
nt
da
s
h
boa
r
d
who
owns
the
a
uto
mation
s
ys
tem
whic
h
wa
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
plante
d
in
the
c
r
op
f
ield
.
I
nf
or
mation
a
bout
a
ll
the
de
vice
s
,
s
ys
tems
,
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
a
r
e
mea
nt
a
s
da
ta
a
nd
the
da
ta
a
r
e
pr
ovided
to
the
c
li
e
nt
to
pe
r
f
or
m
the
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
utom
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
−
M
a
na
ge
ment
a
s
a
s
e
r
vice
T
he
ba
s
ic
a
nd
a
dva
nc
e
d
c
ontr
ol
s
ys
tem
f
or
de
vice
s
c
onne
c
ted
in
the
f
ield
f
or
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem
pr
oc
e
s
s
with
c
ontr
ol
butt
ons
a
nd
s
li
de
r
s
butt
on
pe
r
f
or
m
a
utom
a
ti
on.
C
li
e
nt
c
a
n
c
ont
r
ol
the
p
r
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
de
vice
s
a
c
c
or
ding
to
their
de
c
is
ion.
−
M
onit
or
ing
a
s
a
s
e
r
vice
I
t
pr
ovides
a
ba
s
ic
video
widge
t
f
o
r
moni
to
r
ing
the
f
ield
by
r
e
c
or
ding
them
by
C
C
T
V
c
a
mer
a
s
,
inf
r
a
r
e
d
c
a
mer
a
s
.
Als
o,
videos
c
a
n
be
view
e
d
that
wa
s
r
e
c
or
de
d
a
nd
s
tor
e
d
in
the
obs
e
r
ve
d
da
taba
s
e
in
the
c
li
e
nt
da
s
h
boa
r
d.
T
he
p
r
oc
e
s
s
c
a
n
be
kn
own
whic
h
a
r
e
ongoing
in
the
a
utom
a
ti
on
f
iel
d.
W
a
ter
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
a
nd
we
a
ther
moni
to
r
ing
us
e
d
to
know
the
wa
ter
leve
l
in
the
f
a
c
il
it
y
a
nd
p
r
e
diction
of
we
a
ther
e
nvir
onment.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
thi
s
s
e
r
vice
pr
ovi
de
s
a
be
tt
e
r
moni
to
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
−
Automation
a
s
a
s
e
r
vice
A
f
ull
c
onf
igur
e
d
a
utom
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem
will
be
c
ontr
oll
e
d
by
the
c
li
e
nt
mobi
le
phone
whic
h
ha
s
a
utom
a
t
ion
da
s
h
boa
r
d
ins
talled
in
it
or
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
c
ontr
ol
a
utom
a
ti
on
thr
ough
da
s
h
boa
r
d.
Da
s
h
boa
r
d
is
the
we
b
API
f
a
c
il
it
y
f
or
c
li
e
nt
to
c
ontr
ol
,
mana
ge
a
nd
moni
tor
a
utom
a
ti
on.
3.
2.
Cr
op
m
on
it
or
in
g
f
r
a
m
e
wor
k
T
he
c
r
op
f
ield
is
a
s
tar
ti
ng
pha
s
e
to
g
r
ow
the
c
r
o
ps
,
the
land
ha
s
to
be
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
d
we
ll
be
f
o
r
e
s
e
e
d
the
land,
loos
e
ning
the
s
oil
make
s
the
wa
y
to
s
e
e
d,
the
s
e
e
d
ge
ts
c
ha
nc
e
to
hold
the
gr
ip
of
the
s
a
nd
a
nd
wa
ter
ing
it
will
s
tar
t
the
gr
owth
.
F
r
om
the
wa
te
r
in
g
the
s
e
ns
or
s
plac
e
d
in
the
f
ield
moni
to
r
the
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
,
humi
dit
y
a
nd
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
e
nvir
onment.
T
he
gr
owth
leve
l
o
f
p
lant
s
tar
ts
a
nd
the
wa
ter
ing
leve
l
a
r
e
mea
s
ur
e
d
with
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
ba
s
e
d
on
the
ne
e
d,
t
he
wa
ter
pr
ovided
to
c
r
ops
.
E
a
c
h
leve
l
of
c
r
op
g
r
owth
is
moni
tor
e
d
a
nd
a
utom
a
ted
with
the
s
e
ns
or
r
e
a
ding
s
f
r
om
r
e
a
l
ti
me
da
ta.
Up
to
the
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng
ti
me
t
he
c
r
ops
a
r
e
we
ll
gr
own
a
nd
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
he
lp
it
to
gr
ow
in
a
he
a
lt
hy
wa
y
to
pr
ovide
a
n
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
na
lys
is
to
the
f
a
r
mer
.
I
n
F
igur
e
2
the
c
r
op
g
r
owth
f
r
a
mew
or
k
is
de
s
igned
with
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
g
r
owth
methods
o
f
c
r
op
.
3.
3.
P
s
e
u
d
o
c
od
e
DENOTION:
Procedure soil_
sensor (
moisture_level, minerals
level [
])
Begin
If(moisture_level<required_level)
Then Call Procedure water_
auto (
);
ENDIF
If(
minerals_level<reqmin_level)
Then call Procedure fertilizer();
ENDIF END
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1
27
5
-
1
28
4
1280
F
igur
e
2.
F
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
c
r
op
gr
owth
a
nd
moni
to
r
i
ng
4.
E
XP
E
RI
M
E
NT
AL
RE
S
U
L
T
4.
1.
T
e
s
t
b
e
d
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntation
is
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
a
na
lyze
the
methods
us
e
d,
the
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
ins
talled
in
the
c
r
op
f
ield
a
nd
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
l
ike
humi
dit
y
,
tempe
r
a
t
ur
e
,
a
nd
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
a
r
e
mon
it
or
e
d.
T
he
s
e
tup
include
s
a
laptop
with
Ubuntu
14
.
04.
03
ope
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
tem
c
onne
c
ted
with
a
r
duino
I
DE
,
a
humi
d
it
y
s
e
ns
or
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
a
nd
a
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4
.
T
he
a
na
lys
is
is
pe
r
f
or
med
on
the
f
i
e
lds
li
ke
P
a
ddy,
s
uga
r
c
a
ne
,
ba
na
na
,
a
nd
gr
oundnut
.
T
he
r
e
a
dings
f
r
om
the
s
e
ns
or
s
r
e
c
or
de
d
a
r
e
s
hown
in
T
a
bl
e
1
.
T
a
ble
1.
S
oil
moi
s
tur
e
r
e
a
ding
S
e
ns
or
va
lu
e
S
oi
l
s
ta
tu
s
1000
-
1023
D
r
y
700
-
999
20%
w
a
te
r
c
ont
e
nt
400
-
699
50%
w
a
te
r
c
ont
e
nt
100
-
399
80%
w
a
te
r
c
ont
e
nt
0
-
99
100%
w
a
te
r
c
ont
e
nt
F
igur
e
3.
Humidi
ty
s
e
ns
or
F
igur
e
4.
S
oil
moi
s
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
4.
2.
M
e
t
h
od
s
f
or
c
u
l
t
ivat
in
g
c
r
op
s
wit
h
r
e
s
u
lt
s
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntation
is
c
a
r
r
ied
on
the
f
ields
li
k
e
pa
ddy,
g
r
oundnut,
ba
na
na
,
s
uga
r
c
a
ne
,
in
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
the
methods
of
c
ult
ivations
with
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
gr
oundnut
a
nd
ba
na
na
f
ield
is
p
r
e
s
e
nted.
Gr
oundnut
pr
oduc
ti
on
is
the
s
e
c
ond
highes
t
p
r
oduc
ti
on
in
I
ndi
a
,
the
c
ult
ivation
of
gr
oundnut
is
ba
s
ica
ll
y
two
typ
e
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Smar
t
agr
icultur
e
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
K
aus
hik
Se
k
ar
an
)
1281
-
M
a
nua
l
s
ys
tem:
tr
a
dit
ional
c
ult
ivation
.
-
B
a
s
e
d
on
r
a
in
.
I
n
both
s
ys
tems
,
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
c
r
opping,
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
,
pe
s
ti
c
ides
,
wa
ter
us
e
d
a
r
e
s
a
me
with
mi
nor
va
r
iation
in
wa
ter
qua
nti
ty
.
T
he
c
ult
ivation
of
gr
o
und
nut,
ne
e
ds
the
pe
r
iod
of
105
-
115
da
ys
.
F
o
r
c
u
lt
ivation,
the
f
ield
is
s
e
lec
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
s
oil
,
wa
ter
c
ondi
ti
on
.
As
a
n
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntation,
one
a
c
r
e
of
s
a
mpl
e
wor
k
f
ield
is
c
ons
ider
e
d.
As
a
n
ini
t
ial
s
tep,
the
f
ield
will
be
c
lea
ne
d
a
nd
s
oil
is
mi
ne
d
s
o
that
uppe
r
laye
r
whi
c
h
he
lps
the
c
ult
ivation
to
yield
mo
r
e
.
T
his
is
the
f
ir
s
t
met
hod
in
the
c
ult
ivation.
I
n
the
ne
xt
leve
l
,
the
wa
ter
s
upply
is
pr
ovided
to
the
f
ield
f
or
loos
e
ning
the
s
oil
.
F
or
o
ne
-
a
c
r
e
f
ield,
a
ppr
oxim
a
tely
25
-
30
kgs
of
gr
ound
nut
s
e
e
ds
will
be
take
n.
L
a
ter
,
the
s
e
e
ds
will
be
dr
a
wn
in
th
e
f
ield
a
nd
wa
ter
is
s
uppli
e
d
a
t
the
r
a
te
of
2000
li
t
e
r
s
e
a
c
h
time
.
T
he
c
r
op
s
tar
ts
g
r
owing
a
f
ter
10
-
15
da
ys
i
n
ne
xt
10
da
ys
,
a
f
ter
c
r
op
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
the
f
iel
d
s
hould
be
c
lea
ne
d.
T
he
f
e
r
t
il
ize
r
s
na
mely
P
otas
s
ium
,
C
ompl
e
x,
Ne
e
m,
a
nd
d
i
a
mm
onium
phos
pha
te
a
r
e
us
e
d
f
or
c
ult
ivation
of
g
r
oundnut
a
ppr
oxim
a
tely
80
kg
a
r
e
uti
li
z
e
d
pe
r
c
r
op
.
A
f
ter
40
da
ys
,
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
s
oil
gr
ouping
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
done
whic
h
lea
ds
to
yield
m
or
e
c
r
op
a
nd
qua
li
ty
of
gr
ound
nut
is
a
ls
o
incr
e
a
s
e
d,
thi
s
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
a
ls
o
c
a
ll
e
d
a
s
mannu
a
na
ipu
(
s
oil
gr
ouping)
.
T
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
s
oil
gr
ouping
is
nothi
ng
but
g
r
ouping
the
s
oil
a
t
the
s
tem
of
e
a
c
h
plant.
W
a
ter
is
s
uppli
e
d
a
t
the
medium
leve
l
a
nd
in
a
s
low
r
a
te
s
o
that
pl
a
nt
wont
be
de
c
a
ye
d.
F
inally,
a
f
ter
110
da
ys
a
ppr
oxim
a
tely
a
ll
plants
gr
ow
we
ll
a
nd
the
ti
me
f
or
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng
c
r
ops
f
r
om
the
f
ield
will
be
done
.
Af
te
r
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng,
c
r
ops
will
be
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
a
nd
both
gr
oundnut
a
nd
their
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
plants
will
be
r
e
a
dy
f
or
mar
ke
t
.
T
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
I
o
T
pr
o
c
e
s
s
a
nd
it
s
a
dva
ntage
s
towa
r
ds
a
gr
icultur
e
is
dis
c
us
s
e
d
in
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on.
S
oil
s
e
ns
or
s
we
r
e
us
e
d
to
mea
s
ur
e
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
,
mate
r
ials
a
nd
mi
ne
r
a
ls
in
the
s
oil
.
B
y
de
ployi
ng
thi
s
s
e
ns
or
in
the
f
ield
,
the
inf
o
r
mation
a
bout
the
pa
r
ti
c
ular
s
oil
is
obtaine
d
a
nd
f
u
r
ther
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
i
s
c
a
r
r
ied
out.
T
he
inf
o
r
mation
given
by
the
s
e
ns
or
s
c
a
n
h
e
lp
us
in
de
c
is
ion
making
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
I
t
r
e
duc
e
s
the
money
inves
tm
e
nt
in
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
uti
l
iza
ti
on.
W
a
ter
qua
nti
ty
s
e
ns
or
us
e
d
to
de
tec
t
qua
nti
ty
o
f
wa
ter
in
the
s
tor
a
ge
a
r
e
a
s
o
that
we
c
a
n
us
e
e
f
f
icie
ntl
y.
W
a
ter
f
low
c
ont
r
ol
s
e
ns
or
s
us
e
d
to
c
ont
r
ol
the
f
low
of
the
wa
ter
s
upply.
T
he
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
o
n
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
c
omm
unica
te
with
the
main
boa
r
d
f
o
r
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
a
nd
s
tor
ing
da
ta.
P
a
s
s
ive
I
nf
r
a
r
e
d
(
P
I
R
)
S
e
ns
or
s
a
ls
o
known
a
s
mot
ion
s
e
ns
or
s
us
e
d
to
de
tec
t
he
a
d
s
ignals
a
nd
s
e
nd
inf
or
mation
to
the
main
boa
r
d
.
B
y
us
ing
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
,
the
tempe
r
a
t
ur
e
o
f
the
da
y
is
s
e
n
s
e
d
a
nd
a
c
c
or
ding
to
that
we
c
a
n
c
ontr
ol
wa
ter
s
upply
to
make
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
T
he
r
e
a
dings
a
r
e
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
s
2
a
nd
3.
T
he
gr
a
phica
l
r
e
pr
e
s
e
ntations
of
moi
s
tur
e
leve
l
r
e
c
or
de
d
f
o
r
g
r
oundnut
c
r
op
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
5
.
T
he
gr
a
ph
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
the
moi
s
tur
e
leve
l
r
e
c
or
de
d
f
r
o
m
s
e
ns
or
s
f
or
12
mi
ll
is
e
c
onds
.
T
a
ble
2.
Humidi
ty
a
nd
tempe
r
a
tur
e
va
lue
H
umi
di
ty
T
e
mpe
r
a
tu
r
e
50%
33.00 c
T
a
ble
3.
S
e
ns
or
va
lues
f
o
r
gr
oundnut
M
il
li
s
e
c
onds
M
oi
s
tu
r
e
s
e
n
s
or
r
e
a
di
ng
1
678
2
673
3
670
4
667
5
665
6
663
7
660
8
659
9
657
10
647
11
646
12
643
F
igur
e
5
.
M
ois
tur
e
leve
l
f
or
g
r
oundnut
B
a
na
na
c
ult
ivation
:
a
nother
c
r
op
us
e
d
f
or
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntation
is
B
a
na
na
.
B
a
na
na
is
one
of
the
f
a
mous
c
ult
ivation
pr
oduc
ts
ther
e
a
r
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
types
of
ba
na
na
s
.
E
ve
r
y
type
is
unique
in
tas
te
a
nd
in
s
ize
.
P
r
e
pa
r
e
the
f
ield
a
nd
mi
ne
the
s
oil
f
or
planta
ti
on
.
E
a
c
h
plant
s
hould
lea
ve
1
-
mete
r
dis
tanc
e
.
F
or
one
a
c
r
e
ne
a
r
ly
1000
plants
a
r
e
r
e
quir
e
d
.
T
he
ba
na
na
c
ult
ivation
s
e
a
s
on
is
De
c
e
mber
a
nd
J
a
nua
r
y
a
nd
li
f
e
ti
me
of
the
ba
na
na
c
ult
ivation
is
a
bout
one
ye
a
r
.
T
he
wa
te
r
s
upply
is
pr
ov
ided
we
e
kly
onc
e
or
6
da
ys
onc
e
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
s
oil
moi
s
tur
e
inf
or
mation
obtaine
d
us
ing
s
oi
l
s
e
ns
or
s
.
Da
y
by
da
y
the
ba
n
a
na
plants
will
gr
ow
.
Na
tur
a
l
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
li
ke
Ne
e
m,
c
ow
dung
,
a
s
he
s
of
wood
e
tc.
Ove
r
wa
ter
s
upply
c
a
n
lea
d
to
plant
r
ott
e
n,
a
ppr
o
xim
a
tely
2000
li
ter
s
of
wa
ter
s
upply
s
hould
be
pr
ovided
e
a
c
h
ti
me.
P
hos
pha
te
is
the
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
e
leme
nt
in
f
a
s
ter
gr
owth
with
h
igh
yield
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1
27
5
-
1
28
4
1282
F
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
us
e
d
f
or
ba
na
na
a
r
e
e
nz
ymes
,
mi
c
r
o
nutr
ients
,
m
ida.
F
or
e
ve
r
y
two
we
e
ks
,
the
d
r
y
br
a
nc
he
s
a
nd
lea
f
s
ne
e
d
to
be
c
lea
r
e
d.
B
a
na
na
tr
e
e
c
ons
is
ts
of
wa
ter
c
ons
is
tenc
y.
E
ve
r
y
pa
r
t
o
f
the
ba
na
na
tr
e
e
will
be
us
e
f
ul
li
ke
plant
s
tem,
lea
ve
s
,
f
r
uit
s
,
f
lowe
r
,
inner
s
tem.
T
he
W
a
ter
s
upply
c
a
n
be
c
ontr
oll
e
d
us
ing
wa
ter
c
ont
r
ol
ins
tr
uments
with
he
lp
of
wa
t
e
r
leve
l
s
e
ns
or
s
.
M
or
e
e
ve
r
ba
na
na
tr
e
e
s
a
r
e
li
t
tl
e
we
a
k
in
c
a
tching
s
oil
or
e
a
r
th
thr
ough
r
oot
of
the
tr
e
e
s
o
he
a
vy
winds
may
a
f
f
e
c
t
a
nd
de
s
tr
oy
the
whole
c
u
lt
ivation.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
s
us
e
d
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
c
ult
ivation
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
r
e
C
he
mi
c
a
l
S
e
ns
or
s
,
we
a
ther
s
e
ns
or
s
,
a
ir
f
low
s
e
ns
or
s
,
f
low
s
e
ns
or
s
,
leve
l
s
e
ns
or
s
,
s
a
f
e
ty
s
e
n
s
or
s
,
s
a
f
e
ty
s
witche
s
,
C
C
D
(
C
ha
r
ge
d
C
oupled
De
vice
s
)
.
E
ve
r
y
s
e
ns
or
is
us
e
d
in
e
ve
r
y
p
r
oc
e
s
s
of
the
c
ult
ivati
on.
T
hr
ough
I
o
T
,
the
a
gr
icultur
e
c
a
n
be
e
nha
n
c
e
d
a
nd
de
ve
loped
to
a
nd
s
a
ve
the
f
utur
e
.
T
a
ble
4
pr
ovi
de
s
the
humi
dit
y
a
nd
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
T
a
ble
5
a
nd
F
igur
e
6
pr
e
s
e
nt
the
im
pa
c
t
of
moi
s
tur
e
in
ba
na
na
tr
e
e
,
r
e
c
or
de
d
f
o
r
12
mi
ll
is
e
c
ond
s
us
ing
the
s
oil
s
e
ns
or
s
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
s
.
T
he
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
de
s
igned
f
or
ou
r
pr
opos
e
d
wor
k
is
given
a
s
f
oll
ows
.
T
he
opti
ons
pr
ovided
in
thi
s
f
r
a
mew
or
k
include
s
the
c
r
op
c
ult
ivation
methods
,
e
lec
tr
onic
de
vice
s
a
c
ti
va
ti
on,
M
ois
tur
e
r
e
a
ding
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
r
e
a
d
ings
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
T
a
ble
4.
Humidi
ty
a
nd
tempe
r
a
tur
e
f
or
ba
na
na
H
umi
di
ty
T
e
mpe
r
a
tu
r
e
57%
37.00 c
T
a
ble
5.
M
ois
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
leve
l
M
il
li
s
e
c
onds
M
oi
s
tu
r
e
s
e
n
s
or
l
e
ve
l
1
400
2
402
3
406
4
407
5
408
6
409
7
410
8
412
9
413
10
414
11
415
F
igur
e
6
.
M
ois
tur
e
leve
l
o
f
ba
na
na
F
igur
e
7
.
I
o
T
Applica
ti
on
in
a
ndr
o
id
f
r
a
me
wor
k
f
or
s
mar
t
a
gr
icultur
e
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
An
I
o
T
s
ys
tem
De
ve
lopm
e
nt
f
or
a
gr
icultu
r
e
c
o
uld
r
e
s
olve
many
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
is
s
ue
s
by
incr
e
a
s
ing
the
qua
li
ty
a
nd
p
r
oduc
ti
on
mana
ge
ment
whic
h
e
na
bles
the
f
a
r
mer
s
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
huge
a
mount
o
f
r
e
s
ult
s
f
r
om
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
da
ta
f
r
om
the
c
r
op
f
ield.
T
hr
e
e
laye
r
s
in
the
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
with
c
lou
d
whe
r
e
a
ll
th
e
da
ta
a
r
e
uploade
d,
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
with
API
li
b
r
a
r
ies
a
nd
the
de
vice
s
a
r
e
c
o
nne
c
ted.
M
e
thods
f
or
c
ult
ivating
c
r
ops
a
r
e
pr
ovided
a
s
a
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
low
e
xplaine
d
f
r
om
the
s
tar
t
of
s
e
e
ding
to
c
r
op
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Smar
t
agr
icultur
e
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
K
aus
hik
Se
k
ar
an
)
1283
yielding.
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntation
is
c
a
r
r
ied
out
o
n
c
r
ops
of
gr
oundnut
a
nd
ba
na
na
a
nd
the
r
e
a
dings
of
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
c
oll
e
c
ted
a
nd
plac
e
d
in
c
loud
to
int
e
gr
a
te
with
I
o
T
f
or
the
pu
r
pos
e
of
a
ut
omation
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt
de
c
is
ion
making
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
is
mana
ging
e
f
f
icie
ntl
y
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
.
T
he
Ar
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
pr
opos
e
d
in
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
c
ould
pr
ovide
a
ba
s
e
f
o
r
i
mpl
e
menta
ti
on
o
f
s
mar
t
a
gr
icultur
e
s
ys
tem
us
ing
I
o
T
.
T
he
laye
r
s
us
e
d
in
thi
s
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
is
int
e
nde
d
to
s
tor
e
,
mana
ge
a
nd
moni
to
r
the
c
r
op
gr
owth
de
tails
a
nd
a
ls
o
pr
ovide
the
e
f
f
icie
nt
de
c
is
ion
making
f
or
the
pr
o
c
e
s
s
of
f
e
r
ti
li
z
e
r
s
uti
li
z
a
ti
on,
wa
ter
s
upply
a
nd
planta
ti
on
of
c
r
op
ba
s
ing
on
the
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
the
s
e
ns
or
s
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
gr
ound
of
the
f
ield
.
T
he
wor
k
pr
opos
e
d
ha
s
be
e
n
tes
ted
on
L
ive
Agr
icultur
e
F
i
e
lds
obtaining
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
r
a
te
of
u
pto
98
%
ba
s
ing
on
the
da
ta
f
e
e
d.
P
r
ovide
a
s
tate
ment
that
wha
t
is
e
xp
e
c
ted,
a
s
s
tate
d
in
the
"
I
ntr
oduc
ti
on"
c
ha
pter
c
a
n
u
lt
im
a
tely
r
e
s
ult
in
"
R
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
Dis
c
us
s
ion
"
c
ha
pter
,
s
o
ther
e
is
c
ompatibi
li
ty
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
it
c
a
n
a
ls
o
b
e
a
dde
d
the
pr
os
pe
c
t
o
f
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
pr
os
pe
c
ts
of
f
u
r
ther
s
tudi
e
s
int
o
the
ne
xt
(
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
s
ult
a
nd
dis
c
us
s
ion)
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Z
h
ao
J
.
C.
,
Z
h
an
g
J
.
F.
,
Fen
g
Y
.
,
an
d
G
u
o
J
.
X
.
,
“
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
an
d
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
I
o
T
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e
,”
2
0
1
0
3
r
d
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
er
S
ci
e
n
ce
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ch
e
n
g
d
u
,
p
p
.
4
6
2
-
4
6
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
N
i
n
g
H
.
,
an
d
W
an
g
Z
.
,
“
Fu
t
u
re
In
t
ern
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
arch
i
t
ect
u
re:
l
i
k
e
ma
n
k
i
n
d
n
eu
r
al
s
y
s
t
em
o
r
s
o
ci
a
l
o
r
g
an
i
zat
i
o
n
framew
o
r
k
?
,”
IE
E
E
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
6
1
-
4
6
3
,
A
p
r
i
l
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
Y
an
-
e
D
.
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
o
f
i
n
t
el
l
i
g
en
t
ag
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
re
ma
n
ag
e
men
t
i
n
f
o
rmat
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
b
a
s
ed
o
n
I
o
T
,”
2
0
1
1
F
o
u
r
t
h
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
In
t
el
l
i
g
en
t
Co
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
Sh
en
zh
e
n
,
G
u
an
g
d
o
n
g
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
5
-
1
0
4
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
Ma
J
.
,
Z
h
o
u
X
.
,
L
i
S.
,
an
d
L
i
Z
.
, “
Co
n
n
ect
i
n
g
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
r
e
t
o
t
h
e
In
t
ern
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
en
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,”
2
0
1
1
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
In
t
e
r
n
e
t
o
f
Th
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
4
th
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Cy
b
er
,
P
h
ys
i
ca
l
a
n
d
S
o
ci
a
l
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
D
a
l
i
a
n
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
-
1
8
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
H
u
X
.
,
an
d
Q
i
a
n
S.
, “
Io
T
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
cro
p
g
ro
w
t
h
mo
d
el
s
i
n
faci
l
i
t
y
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
re
,”
2
0
1
1
6
th
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
en
ce
s
a
n
d
Co
n
ve
r
g
e
n
ce
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
(ICCIT)
,
Seo
g
w
i
p
o
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
-
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[6
]
Bi
n
g
F.
,
“
Res
earch
o
n
t
h
e
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
re
i
n
t
el
l
i
g
en
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
as
ed
o
n
I
o
T
,”
2
0
1
2
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
I
m
a
g
e
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
,
H
a
n
g
z
h
o
u
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
W
an
g
C.
,
D
an
es
h
man
d
M.
,
D
o
h
l
er
M.
,
Mao
X
.
,
H
u
R.
,
an
d
W
an
g
H.
,
“
G
u
es
t
E
d
i
t
o
r
i
al
-
S
p
eci
a
l
Is
s
u
e
o
n
In
t
er
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
(Io
T
):
A
rc
h
i
t
ect
u
re,
Pro
t
o
co
l
s
an
d
Serv
i
ce
s
,”
IE
E
E
S
en
s
o
r
s
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
5
-
3
5
1
0
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
W
an
g
C.
,
Bi
Z
.
,
an
d
D
a
X
u
L
.
,
“
Io
T
an
d
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
i
n
a
u
t
o
mat
i
o
n
o
f
a
s
s
em
b
l
y
mo
d
el
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
ems
,”
I
E
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
6
-
1
4
3
4
,
May
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
L
ee
M.
,
H
w
an
g
J
.
,
an
d
Y
o
e
H
.
,
“
A
g
ri
c
u
l
t
u
ra
l
Pro
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
em
b
a
s
ed
o
n
I
o
T
,”
2
0
1
3
I
E
E
E
1
6
th
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
c
i
en
ce
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
Sy
d
n
e
y
,
N
SW
,
p
p
.
8
3
3
-
8
3
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
T
u
l
i
A
.
,
H
as
t
eer
N
.
,
Sh
arma
M.
,
an
d
Ban
s
a
l
A
.
,
“
Framew
o
r
k
t
o
l
e
v
erag
e
c
l
o
u
d
fo
r
t
h
e
mo
d
ern
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
In
d
i
an
ag
r
i
cu
l
t
u
re
s
y
s
t
em
,”
IE
E
E
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
E
l
ect
r
o
/
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Mi
l
w
au
k
ee,
W
I,
p
p
.
1
0
9
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
K
i
l
j
a
n
d
er
J
.
,
D
'
E
l
i
a
A
.
,
Mo
ran
d
i
F.
,
H
y
t
t
i
n
en
P.
,
T
ak
al
o
-
Mat
t
i
l
a
J
.
,
Y
l
i
s
au
k
k
o
-
O
j
a
A
.
,
Ci
n
o
t
t
i
T
.
S.
,
“
Seman
t
i
c
i
n
t
ero
p
erab
i
l
i
t
y
arch
i
t
ec
t
u
re
fo
r
p
erv
a
s
i
v
e
c
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
In
t
er
n
et
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
,”
IE
E
E
A
cce
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
5
6
-
8
7
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
A
l
am
K
.
M.
,
Sai
n
i
M.
,
an
d
E
l
Sa
d
d
i
k
A
.
,
“
T
o
w
ar
d
s
So
ci
a
l
In
t
ern
e
t
o
f
V
e
h
i
c
l
es
:
Co
n
ce
p
t
,
A
r
ch
i
t
ec
t
u
re
an
d
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
IE
E
E
A
cce
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
-
3
5
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
J
ay
arama
n
P.
P.
,
Pal
mer
D
.
,
Z
as
l
a
v
s
k
y
A
.
,
an
d
G
eo
rg
ak
o
p
o
u
l
o
s
D
.
,
“
Do
-
it
-
Y
o
u
rs
e
l
f
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
A
g
r
i
cu
l
t
u
re
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
s
ema
n
t
i
cal
l
y
e
n
h
a
n
ced
I
o
T
p
l
a
t
fo
rm
,”
2
0
1
5
I
E
E
E
Ten
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
en
t
S
en
s
o
r
s
,
S
e
n
s
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
(IS
S
NI
P
)
,
Si
n
g
ap
o
re,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
Dlo
d
l
o
N
.
,
an
d
K
al
ez
h
i
J
.
,
“
T
h
e
i
n
t
ern
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
i
n
ag
ri
c
u
l
t
u
re
fo
r
s
u
s
t
ai
n
ab
l
e
ru
ral
d
ev
el
o
p
me
n
t
,”
2
0
1
5
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
E
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
Tr
en
d
s
i
n
Net
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
(E
TNCC)
,
W
i
n
d
h
o
ek
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
G
an
ch
ev
,
Iv
a
n
,
Z
h
an
l
i
n
J
i
,
an
d
M
ái
r
t
ı
n
O
'D
ro
ma
,
"
A
G
en
eri
c
Io
T
A
rc
h
i
t
ect
u
re
fo
r
Smar
t
Ci
t
i
e
s
.
"
25
th
I
E
T
I
r
i
s
h
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
&
S
ys
t
em
s
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
2
0
1
4
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
Ch
i
n
a
-
I
r
el
a
n
d
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
(IS
S
C
2
0
1
4
/
CIICT
2
0
1
4
)
,
L
i
meri
ck
,
p
p
.
1
9
6
-
1
9
9
,
2
0
14.
[1
6
]
A
n
a
n
d
N
ay
y
ar,
E
r.
V
i
k
ram
Pu
r
i
,
“
Smart
Farmi
n
g
:
Io
T
Bas
ed
Smart
Sen
s
o
rs
A
g
ri
c
u
l
t
u
re
St
i
c
k
fo
r
L
i
v
e
T
emp
ra
t
u
r
e
an
d
Mo
i
s
t
u
re
Mo
n
i
t
o
ri
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
,
”
Th
e
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
S
ys
t
em
,
”
N
o
v
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
J
i
a
n
g
fe
n
g
C
h
en
g
,
W
e
i
h
a
i
Ch
e
n
a,
Fei
T
a
o
a,
Ch
u
n
-
L
i
a
n
g
L
i
n
,
“
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
al
I
o
T
i
n
5
G
en
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
t
o
w
ar
d
s
s
mart
man
u
fac
t
u
r
i
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
In
t
eg
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
0
-
1
9
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
Sark
ar
C.
,
U
t
t
ama
N
amb
i
S
.
N
,
A
.
,
Pras
ad
R.
,
Rah
i
m
A
.
,
N
ei
s
s
e
R.
,
an
d
Bal
d
i
n
i
G
.
,
“
D
IA
T
:
A
Sca
l
ab
l
e
D
i
s
t
ri
b
u
t
e
d
A
rch
i
t
ec
t
u
re
fo
r
I
o
T
,
”
IE
E
E
I
n
t
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I
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6930
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Vol.
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.
3
,
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2020:
1
27
5
-
1
28
4
1284
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.