T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
1529
~
1537
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
14844
1529
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
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E
L
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OM
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ot
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ol
f
or
i
ll
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gal
c
u
t
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in
g f
o
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e
st
Gi
va
And
r
ian
a
M
u
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iara
1
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Nann
a
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a
2
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h
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Co
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u
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p
art
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Facu
l
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A
p
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Sci
en
ce,
T
el
k
o
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U
n
i
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er
s
i
t
y
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In
d
o
n
es
i
a
1,
2,
3
D
ep
ar
t
men
t
o
f
FT
M
K
,
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
T
e
k
n
i
k
a
l
Mal
a
y
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i
a
Mel
ak
a
,
Mal
ay
s
i
a
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Aug
11
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
a
n
15
,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
F
e
b
25
,
2020
T
h
e
n
ee
d
fo
r
a
n
au
t
o
mat
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
fro
m
a
remo
t
e
area
can
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
ara
t
ed
fro
m
t
h
e
ro
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
rel
e
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
rk
.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
t
h
e
b
at
t
ery
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
a
p
r
o
b
l
em
t
h
at
i
n
fl
u
en
c
es
t
h
e
l
i
f
et
i
me
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em.
T
h
i
s
re
s
earch
f
o
cu
s
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n
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t
u
d
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n
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w
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ze
t
h
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p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
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n
eac
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
u
s
i
n
g
mu
l
t
i
h
o
p
ro
u
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
i
n
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h
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l
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eg
a
l
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fe
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i
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et
w
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T
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em
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g
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mp
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eme
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e
d
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n
a
t
ree
t
o
p
o
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y
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E
ach
s
en
s
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n
o
d
e
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s
co
n
s
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s
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f
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s
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u
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en
s
o
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v
i
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t
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o
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s
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s
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X
b
ee
c
o
mmu
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cu
rren
t
an
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
e
n
s
o
r,
an
d
A
rd
u
i
n
o
n
an
o
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
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s
t
es
t
ed
u
s
i
n
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b
at
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1
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0
5
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mA
H
w
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t
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s
e
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eral
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ce
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a
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i
me
ca
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b
e
p
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i
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e
d
.
T
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e
re
s
u
l
t
s
s
t
at
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t
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at
t
h
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mas
t
er
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d
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ep
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ery
fas
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t
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l
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l
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ed
t
o
t
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mas
t
er,
t
h
e
mo
re
en
erg
y
t
h
e
b
a
t
t
er
y
co
n
s
u
mes
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
nt
I
ll
e
ga
l
c
utt
ing
tr
e
e
M
ult
ihop
r
outi
ng
p
r
otocol
S
e
ns
or
node
W
ir
e
les
s
s
e
n
s
or
ne
twor
k
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Giva
Andr
iana
M
uti
a
r
a
,
C
omput
e
r
E
nginee
r
ing
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
Applied
S
c
ienc
e
,
T
e
lkom
Unive
r
s
it
y,
I
ndone
s
ia.
E
mail:
giva
.
a
ndr
iana
@tas
s
.
telkomuni
ve
r
s
it
y.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
W
ir
e
les
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
twor
ks
(
W
S
N)
is
a
tec
hnolog
y
that
be
c
omes
a
n
int
e
r
e
s
ti
ng
f
oc
us
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
.
W
S
N
is
a
ne
twor
k
c
ons
is
ti
ng
of
many
s
e
ns
or
node
s
to
make
dir
e
c
t
obs
e
r
va
ti
ons
of
the
e
nvir
onment,
in
the
f
or
m
of
phys
ica
l
phe
nomena
s
uc
h
a
s
s
e
ns
i
ng,
s
tor
ing,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
a
nd
c
omm
unica
ti
ng
or
c
oll
e
c
ti
ng
da
ta
[
1
]
.
S
ome
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
that
ha
ve
im
pleme
nted
the
W
S
N
tec
hnology,
plac
ing
many
s
e
ns
or
node
s
that
c
a
n
be
f
ound
in
plac
e
s
that
a
r
e
f
ixed
a
nd
pr
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
,
or
e
ve
n
plac
e
s
e
ns
or
s
that
a
r
e
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
r
a
ndoml
y
in
a
ve
r
y
wid
e
ge
ogr
a
phica
l
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
a
r
e
a
[
2
]
.
On
one
node
s
e
ns
or
s
a
s
mi
c
r
o
-
e
l
e
c
tr
o
-
mec
ha
nic
a
l
s
ys
tems
(
M
E
M
S
)
tec
hnology
s
how
s
in
F
igur
e
1,
the
node
s
a
r
e
c
ons
is
ti
ng
of
s
e
ns
ing,
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing,
c
omm
unica
ti
on
a
nd
powe
r
un
it
s
[
3
]
.
T
he
s
e
ns
ing
s
ubs
ys
tem
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
to
a
ny
types
of
s
e
ns
or
s
de
pe
nds
on
th
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
T
he
c
omput
ing
s
ubs
ys
tem
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
by
a
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
of
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
that
us
e
d
to
c
omput
e
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
the
s
e
ns
e
f
r
om
the
s
e
ns
or
s
.
T
he
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
is
the
tool
that
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
do
c
omm
un
ica
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ns
or
node
s
thr
ough
a
wi
r
e
les
s
ne
twor
k.
T
he
powe
r
s
ubs
ys
tem
is
the
tool
s
a
s
a
ba
tt
e
r
y
that
us
e
d
to
give
the
e
ne
r
gy
to
the
s
ys
tem.
B
a
s
e
d
on
F
igur
e
1
,
s
ome
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
mus
t
be
c
ons
ider
e
d
s
uc
h
a
s
pos
it
ion,
dis
tanc
e
,
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
in
e
a
c
h
node
a
nd
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hnology
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ns
or
node
s
ha
s
a
n
un
a
voidable
im
pa
c
t
on
the
ne
twor
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1529
-
1537
1530
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
[
4]
.
Un
f
or
tunate
ly,
ther
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
l
im
it
a
ti
ons
of
W
S
N
.
S
ome
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
s
uc
h
a
s
d
e
s
igni
ng
low
-
powe
r
ne
twor
ks
,
da
ta
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
ne
twor
k
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
ha
ve
be
e
n
a
c
onc
e
r
n
f
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
in
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
.
B
ut,
the
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
due
to
the
li
m
it
e
d
a
mount
of
e
ne
r
gy
a
va
il
a
ble
on
the
s
e
ns
or
node
is
one
of
the
mos
t
c
omm
on
pr
oblems
in
W
S
N
[
5
]
.
E
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
is
ba
tt
e
r
y
ope
r
a
ted
a
nd
ha
s
a
li
mi
ted
a
mount
of
e
ne
r
gy.
Although
ther
e
a
r
e
a
lr
e
a
dy
ha
s
s
e
ve
r
a
l
tec
hnologi
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
us
ing
a
s
olar
c
e
ll
,
it
s
ti
l
l
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
a
nd
c
os
t
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
[6
–
8]
.
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
o
f
s
e
ns
ing
node
An
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
that
is
us
e
d
a
nd
im
pleme
nted
a
W
S
N
in
ye
a
r
s
r
e
quir
e
s
a
good
ba
tt
e
r
y
s
e
ns
or
node
t
ha
t
s
uppor
ts
the
ne
twor
k
li
f
e
ti
me
be
c
a
us
e
it
is
ve
r
y
c
r
uc
ial
f
o
r
the
li
f
e
of
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
Us
ua
ll
y,
the
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
ba
tt
e
r
y
us
a
ge
on
s
e
ns
or
node
s
oc
c
ur
s
in
jus
t
a
matter
of
hour
s
without
a
r
e
c
ha
r
ge
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
e
ve
r
y
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
who
us
e
s
W
S
N
in
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
mus
t
c
ons
ider
ing
to
the
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
ba
tt
e
r
ies
a
nd
a
dopt
the
be
s
t
tec
hnique
to
r
e
duc
e
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
a
s
much
a
s
pos
s
ibl
e
,
by
lea
r
ning
the
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
of
the
powe
r
c
o
ns
umpt
ion
a
nd
e
va
luating
it
due
to
e
s
ti
mate
d
li
f
e
ti
me
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on,
moni
to
r
ing
ti
me
to
r
e
plac
e
ba
tt
e
r
ies
o
n
s
e
ns
or
node
s
s
o
that
the
ne
twor
k
is
a
lwa
ys
a
c
ti
v
e
a
nd
c
a
n
pr
e
dicta
ble
wir
e
les
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
twor
k
li
f
e
be
f
o
r
e
be
doing
the
ne
twor
k
ins
tallation.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
on
a
W
S
N
ne
twor
k
is
us
e
d
de
pe
nding
on
many
f
a
c
tor
s
including
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
a
nd
ne
twor
k
pr
otocols
,
ini
ti
a
ti
on
of
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on,
ne
twor
k
l
if
e
ti
me,
c
ha
nne
l
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
,
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
model
[
9,
10]
,
a
ls
o
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
ici
e
nc
y
us
ing
c
lus
ter
ing
s
ys
tems
[
11]
a
nd
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
in
s
e
gmenta
ti
on
ne
twor
k
[
12]
.
One
of
the
be
s
t
wa
ys
to
e
va
luate
powe
r
c
on
s
umpt
ion
is
doing
the
te
s
t
on
the
phys
ica
l
ha
r
dwa
r
e
dir
e
c
tl
y,
by
pe
r
iodi
c
a
ll
y
mea
s
ur
ing
the
r
e
maining
ba
tt
e
r
ies
,
whic
h
mea
s
ur
e
s
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
by
us
ing
tr
a
dit
ional
mea
s
ur
e
ment
us
ing
os
c
il
los
c
ope
on
one
node
[
13
]
.
B
e
s
ides
,
ther
e
a
r
e
a
ls
o
a
nother
wa
ys
to
mea
s
ur
e
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
pa
c
it
y
by
us
ing
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
ope
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
tems
in
e
a
c
h
node
to
a
na
lyze
a
nd
c
ompar
e
the
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
lowe
r
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
r
om
th
e
s
e
ns
or
node
s
dur
ing
the
im
pleme
ntation
o
f
a
n
a
p
pli
c
a
ti
on
that
r
uns
on
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
plat
f
or
m
ope
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
tems
[
14]
while
other
s
tudi
e
s
e
va
luate
d
the
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
the
us
e
of
P
OB
I
C
OS
mi
dd
lew
a
r
e
platf
or
m
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
[
15]
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
s
ome
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
c
onduc
t
low
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
e
va
luations
us
ing
mode
led
s
uc
h
a
s
c
olor
e
d
P
e
tr
i
ne
t
-
C
P
N
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
[
1]
a
nd
mathe
m
a
ti
c
a
l
que
uing
model
to
f
ind
opti
mal
s
olut
ions
to
opti
mi
z
e
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
nd
to
m
a
xim
ize
the
li
f
e
ti
me
of
the
s
ys
tem
[
16]
.
M
a
r
kovia
n
models
a
ls
o
c
onduc
ted
to
pr
e
dicts
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
[
17
]
.
Othe
r
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
ob
tain
lo
w
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
f
r
om
wi
r
e
les
s
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
c
oll
e
c
t
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
da
ta
in
moni
tor
ing
e
nvir
onmenta
l
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
of
the
pr
oduc
ti
on
of
g
r
e
e
nhous
e
plants
[
18]
a
nd
da
ta
f
us
ion
[
19]
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tudi
e
s
of
e
ne
r
gy
-
e
f
f
ici
e
nt
a
ls
o
c
onduc
t
in
oth
e
r
va
r
ious
f
ields
s
uc
h
a
s
the
tele
c
o
mm
unica
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
[
20]
a
nd
f
or
unde
r
wa
ter
s
e
ns
or
s
[
21]
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
s
im
il
a
r
wor
ks
a
nd
p
r
e
vious
s
tudi
e
s
a
bout
a
na
lyzing
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
i
t
c
a
n
be
s
umm
a
r
ize
d
that
ther
e
is
a
lot
o
f
s
tudy
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
that
a
tt
e
mpt
e
d
how
to
r
e
duc
ing
a
nd
a
na
lyzin
g
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ions
s
ince
ther
e
a
r
e
many
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
view
s
in
a
na
lyzing
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ions
.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
pa
r
a
mete
r
d
ivi
de
d
int
o
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
e
c
ti
o
ns
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
2
.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
io
n
c
a
n
be
f
oc
us
e
d
on
a
lot
of
point
s
o
f
view
.
I
n
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
is
f
oc
us
e
d
on
the
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
unit
s
in
the
phys
ica
l
laye
r
a
nd
it
s
topol
ogy
us
ing
a
mul
ti
hop
r
outi
ng
p
r
otocol
[
22,
23]
whic
h
yield
s
powe
r
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng
to
s
upe
r
vis
e
the
e
nvir
onment
.
M
e
a
nwhile,
il
lega
l
c
utt
ing
is
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
loggi
ng
or
c
utt
ing
tr
e
e
s
without
pe
r
mi
s
s
ion
that
is
s
ti
ll
wide
ly
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
d
in
the
f
or
e
s
ts
thr
oughou
t
the
wor
ld
,
a
nd
be
c
ome
a
n
is
s
ue
that
c
a
us
e
s
f
or
e
s
t
de
g
r
a
da
ti
on
that
thr
e
a
tens
na
tur
a
l
li
f
e
[
24]
.
W
S
N
is
a
n
a
ppr
op
r
iate
t
e
c
hnology
that
s
uppor
ts
il
lega
l
c
utt
ing
be
c
a
us
e
it
c
a
n
plac
e
many
s
e
ns
or
s
of
moni
tor
ing
node
s
a
nd
us
ing
the
mul
ti
hop
r
outi
ng
pr
otocol
to
r
e
a
c
h
a
lar
ge
a
r
e
a
in
t
he
f
or
e
s
t.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
to
a
na
lyzing
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
on
the
s
e
ns
or
node
in
the
W
S
N
that
plac
e
d
to
moni
tor
the
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
of
il
lega
l
loggi
ng
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
node
c
ons
is
t
s
of
a
mi
c
r
opr
oc
e
s
s
or
,
XB
e
e
P
r
o
2C
,
s
ound
s
e
ns
or
,
a
nd
vibr
a
ti
on
s
e
n
s
or
.
T
he
ne
two
r
k
c
ons
is
ts
of
s
ix
node
s
that
a
r
e
a
tt
a
c
he
d
to
a
h
ier
a
r
c
hy
in
t
he
f
or
m
of
a
ne
two
r
k
topol
ogy
tr
e
e
model.
E
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
f
o
r
ms
a
mas
ter
a
nd
s
lave
ne
twor
k
c
onne
c
ti
on
on
S
e
ns
i
ng S
ubs
ys
t
e
m
C
o
m
put
i
ng s
ubs
ys
t
e
m
C
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on
s
ubs
ys
t
e
m
P
ow
e
r
s
ubs
ys
t
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
W
SN
node
s
pow
e
r
c
ons
umption
us
ing
multi
hop
…
(
Giv
a
A
ndr
iana
M
uti
ar
a
)
1531
the
W
S
N.
T
he
mul
ti
hop
r
ou
ti
ng
p
r
otocol
us
e
d
to
r
e
a
c
h
a
lar
ge
f
or
e
s
t
a
r
e
a
.
E
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
in
th
e
s
e
ns
or
node
will
be
a
na
lyze
d
by
a
ppr
oa
c
hing
the
OS
I
ne
twor
k
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
model
a
s
a
n
indi
vidual
c
ons
ti
tuent
a
t
the
leve
l
of
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
a
t
the
ha
r
d
wa
r
e
unit
s
pe
r
node
s
s
o
that
it
c
a
n
pr
ov
ide
pr
e
dictive
inf
or
mation
to
im
plem
e
nt
va
r
ious
a
lgor
it
h
ms
a
nd
modeling
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
r
e
duc
ti
on.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
de
s
c
r
ibes
the
int
r
oduc
ti
on
to
c
ha
pter
one
.
T
he
ne
xt
c
ha
pter
c
onti
nue
s
r
e
ga
r
ding
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
methodology,
whic
h
c
ove
r
s
the
ba
s
is
of
li
ter
a
tur
e
r
e
view
,
de
s
ign
s
ys
tem,
a
nd
ne
twor
k
m
o
de
li
ng.
T
he
thi
r
d
c
ha
pter
de
ter
m
ines
the
tes
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
f
or
the
s
e
ns
or
node
that
will
be
e
xa
mi
ne
d
f
or
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
a
s
a
ne
twor
k
li
f
e
ti
me.
C
ha
pter
f
our
will
be
de
s
c
r
ib
e
d
a
s
a
c
onc
lus
ion
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
s
ys
tem
b
a
s
e
d
on
the
r
e
s
ult
ing
tes
t.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
T
he
methodology
us
e
d
to
be
a
ble
to
c
ompl
e
te
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
a
li
ter
a
tur
e
s
tudy
to
de
f
ine
the
ba
s
is
of
the
s
tudy
a
nd
c
omp
a
r
ing
the
pr
e
vious
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
f
ind
s
im
il
a
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
ne
xt
s
tep
is
de
s
igni
ng
the
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
o
f
the
mul
ti
hop
r
o
uti
ng
pr
otocol
ne
twor
k
,
de
ter
mi
n
ing
the
ne
twor
k
hie
r
a
r
c
hy
s
uc
h
a
s
topol
ogy,
mas
ter
a
nd
s
lave
r
e
lations
hips
,
number
of
mas
ter
s
a
nd
number
of
s
lave
s
,
a
nd
wha
t
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
will
be
a
na
lyze
d
f
o
r
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion.
T
he
ne
xt
s
tep
is
doing
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
on
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
a
nd
a
na
lyze
d
it
,
the
las
t
pa
r
t
o
f
thi
s
pa
pe
r
is
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
a
s
a
c
onc
lus
ion
of
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
2.
1.
S
t
u
d
y
li
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
S
tudyi
ng
li
ter
a
tur
e
s
tudi
e
s
is
a
n
a
c
ti
vit
y
that
c
a
r
r
ie
d
out
to
obtain
mate
r
ial
a
nd
ba
s
ic
knowle
dge
that
will
be
im
pleme
nted
in
the
s
ys
tem,
s
o
it
c
a
n
make
a
s
tr
ong
ba
s
is
in
a
na
lyzing
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
io
n
whic
h
pr
oduc
e
d
by
the
W
S
N
in
il
lega
l
loggi
ng
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
T
he
s
tudy
a
bout
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
c
ons
ti
tuent
li
ke
s
hows
in
F
igur
e
2
[
25]
.
T
he
s
tudy
c
onduc
ts
a
n
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
a
na
lys
is
of
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
on
t
he
s
e
ns
or
node
a
s
a
ha
r
dwa
r
e
unit
a
t
the
phys
ica
l
laye
r
of
O
S
I
a
nd
indi
vidual
s
e
ns
or
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
ti
tuent.
T
he
h
a
r
dwa
r
e
unit
whic
h
is
us
e
d
on
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
,
including
Ar
duino
Uno,
Xbe
e
P
r
o
2C
,
gr
a
vit
y
s
e
ns
or
,
s
ound
s
e
ns
or
s
,
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
e
ns
or
a
nd
volt
a
ge
s
e
n
s
or
that
us
e
d
to
c
a
l
c
ulate
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion.
B
e
s
ide
s
that,
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
ls
o
will
e
xa
mi
ne
memor
y
us
a
ge
s
tor
a
ge
a
nd
que
uing
r
e
tr
ieve
da
ta.
T
he
las
t
pa
r
a
mete
r
is
a
na
lyzing
the
powe
r
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng
a
s
the
c
ons
ti
tuent
e
nvir
onment
in
ter
ms
of
c
a
r
r
ying
out
the
s
e
ns
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
F
igur
e
2.
E
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
c
ons
ti
tuent
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
ti
tuent
in
F
igur
e
2
,
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
the
volt
a
ge
a
r
e
in
ter
c
onne
c
ted
in
the
indi
vidual
pa
r
t
o
f
the
ha
r
dwa
r
e
unit
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
thi
ngs
a
f
f
e
c
t
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
whe
n
the
s
ys
tem
is
doing
s
up
e
r
vis
e
d
the
e
nvir
onment,
or
f
r
om
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
that
a
r
is
e
s
f
r
om
the
us
e
of
a
c
ti
ve
memor
y
to
s
tor
e
d
the
bit
or
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
th
e
c
omm
unica
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
c
ondit
ion
of
the
a
c
ti
ve
s
tate
de
pe
nds
on
the
number
of
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
a
nd
r
e
c
e
ive
d
b
it
a
t
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
.
W
hil
e
e
ne
r
gy
ha
r
ve
s
ti
ng
invol
ve
s
E
ne
r
g
y
Co
n
s
um
pt
i
on
In
d
i
vi
dua
l
L
oc
a
l
S
i
nk
G
l
oba
l
P
ro
c
e
s
s
or
S
e
ns
or
Ra
di
o
M
e
m
o
ry
Dat
a
P
ro
c
e
s
s
i
ng
C
o
d
e
E
xe
c
ut
i
ng
O
bs
e
rv
i
ng
s
i
gna
l
M
odul
a
t
i
on
C
o
d
i
ng
S
t
o
ra
ge
a
nd
Q
ue
ry
i
ng
Id
l
e
L
i
s
t
e
ni
ng
P
ro
t
oc
ol
O
ve
rh
e
a
d
O
ve
rh
e
a
ri
ng
C
o
l
l
i
s
i
on
N
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
M
oni
t
o
ri
ng
S
e
c
u
ri
t
y
R
o
u
t
i
ng
T
opol
ogy
P
a
c
ke
t
L
os
s
P
ro
t
oc
ol
O
ve
rh
e
a
d
P
ro
t
oc
ol
O
ve
rh
e
a
d
E
nvi
ro
n
m
e
nt
P
ow
e
r
H
a
rv
e
s
t
i
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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N
:
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T
E
L
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M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1529
-
1537
1532
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
,
in
c
a
s
e
s
whe
r
e
the
s
e
ns
or
node
s
c
a
n
e
xtr
a
c
t
or
ha
r
ve
s
t
e
ne
r
gy
f
r
om
the
e
nvir
onm
e
nt,
thi
s
pa
r
a
mete
r
will
be
de
ter
mi
ning
the
a
ge
of
the
W
S
N
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
E
nvi
r
onmenta
l
c
ons
ti
tuent
a
s
a
s
e
ns
e
of
c
omponent
that
ha
s
pos
it
ive
e
ne
r
gy
c
a
n
be
f
or
mul
a
ted
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
E
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
,
i
∆
=
−
H
i
(
)
(
1)
w
he
r
e
Hi(
)
is
the
a
mount
of
ha
r
ve
s
ted
e
ne
r
gy
a
t
ti
me
by
node
.
C
a
lcula
te
e
ne
r
gy
in
tr
a
ns
mi
t
ti
ng
a
nd
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
a
s
one
bit
is
f
or
mul
a
ted:
E
ne
r
gy
=
C
ur
r
e
nt
*
Voltage
*
T
im
e
(
2
)
w
he
r
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
is
in
a
mper
e
,
volt
a
ge
is
in
volt
s
a
n
d
ti
me
is
in
s
e
c
ond.
All
the
f
or
mu
la
is
ne
e
de
d
to
c
a
lcula
te
the
e
ne
r
gy
on
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
.
T
he
e
ne
r
gy
will
b
e
c
a
lcula
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
the
ti
me
whe
n
the
s
ys
tem
is
r
unning.
2.
2.
P
r
op
os
e
d
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
t
u
r
e
W
S
N
wa
s
s
e
le
c
ted
f
or
il
lega
l
loggi
ng
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
be
c
a
us
e
it
ha
s
be
e
n
mainly
us
e
d
f
or
identif
ica
ti
on,
de
tec
ti
on,
moni
tor
ing
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
[
2
6]
a
s
movi
ng
de
tec
ti
on
or
e
ve
nt
de
tec
ti
on
(
E
D
)
or
tr
a
c
king
s
ys
tem
[
23,
27
–
29]
.
W
S
N
is
a
s
uit
a
ble
tec
hnol
ogy
f
or
a
n
outdoo
r
a
r
e
a
in
a
wide
a
r
e
a
s
upe
r
vi
s
e
d,
c
a
n
im
pleme
nt
mo
r
e
than
a
hundr
e
d
s
e
ns
or
s
in
the
e
nv
ir
onment
that
ha
s
mos
tl
y
be
inac
c
e
s
s
ibl
e
by
the
hu
man
a
nd
ha
s
a
long
du
r
a
ti
on
of
s
upe
r
vis
ion
f
or
ye
a
r
s
.
F
igu
r
e
3
s
hows
the
de
s
ign
of
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
,
whic
h
is
c
ons
is
ts
of
two
s
e
ns
or
s
of
vib
r
a
ti
on
s
e
ns
or
a
nd
s
ound
s
e
n
s
or
,
a
n
Xbe
e
P
r
o2C
,
a
n
Ar
duin
o
Na
no
,
a
nd
a
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
volt
a
ge
s
e
ns
or
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
c
onduc
ti
ng
to
s
e
ns
e
the
s
ound
of
the
c
ha
ins
a
w
a
nd
the
vibr
a
ti
on
f
r
om
the
log
whe
n
the
loggi
ng
oc
c
ur
s
.
W
hil
e
the
A
r
dui
no
Na
no
is
us
ing
to
c
a
lcula
te
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
the
s
e
ns
ing,
the
Xbe
e
P
r
o
2C
c
ondu
c
ts
a
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ign
a
l
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
nd
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
volt
a
g
e
s
e
ns
or
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
c
u
r
r
e
nt
a
nd
volt
a
ge
th
a
t
c
ons
umed
by
the
s
e
ns
or
node
.
F
igur
e
3.
S
e
ns
or
node
de
s
ign
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
de
s
igned
s
ix
s
e
ns
or
node
s
that
a
r
e
hier
a
r
c
hica
l
tr
e
e
topol
ogy
a
s
mas
ter
a
nd
s
lave
r
e
lations
hips
.
T
he
W
S
N
t
r
e
e
topol
ogy
a
nd
the
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
r
e
mapping,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4
.
A
mul
ti
hop
r
outi
ng
pr
otocol
us
e
d
to
s
uppor
t
the
c
omm
unic
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
node
s
.
T
he
ne
twor
k
is
divi
de
d
i
nto
two
s
ubne
twor
ks
,
na
mely
Ne
t
X
a
nd
Ne
t
Y
.
I
n
e
a
c
h
s
ubne
twor
k,
th
r
e
e
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
r
e
mapping
a
s
on
e
mas
ter
a
nd
two
s
lave
s
.
E
a
c
h
s
ubne
twor
k
ha
s
a
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
I
D
that
will
be
us
e
d
f
or
tr
a
c
king
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
Af
ter
c
ons
ider
ing
the
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
s
e
ns
or
no
de
s
a
nd
the
topol
og
y,
the
ne
xt
s
tep
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
the
diagr
a
m
s
tate
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
while
the
Xbe
e
P
r
o
2C
is
doing
s
e
ns
ing
the
e
nvir
onment
.
T
he
d
iagr
a
m
s
tate
s
hows
in
F
igur
e
5.
T
he
s
tate
of
the
tr
a
ns
it
io
n
diagr
a
m
c
ons
is
ts
of
a
wa
ke
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
s
e
ns
ing
pr
os
e
s
,
c
omm
unica
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
(
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng,
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
ing)
a
nd
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
.
T
he
s
ys
tems
s
tate
s
witching
c
ons
is
t
s
of
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng,
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
a
nd
s
e
ns
ing.
W
hil
e
in
the
tas
k
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
,
the
a
wa
ke
a
nd
s
lee
p
s
tate
is
including
in
the
s
ys
tem.
T
h
e
r
e
is
a
ls
o
the
s
tate
s
witching
that
r
u
nning
to
the
s
a
me
s
tate
in
the
ne
xt
s
e
c
ond,
that
is
t
r
igger
e
d
in
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
,
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing
a
nd
s
e
ns
ing
s
tate
in
or
de
r
to
s
upe
r
vis
e
the
e
nvir
onment
c
onti
nuous
ly.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
W
SN
node
s
pow
e
r
c
ons
umption
us
ing
multi
hop
…
(
Giv
a
A
ndr
iana
M
uti
ar
a
)
1533
T
he
diagr
a
m
s
ys
tems
s
tate
will
be
c
ombi
ne
d
wit
h
the
wor
k
of
the
s
ys
tem
to
s
upe
r
vis
e
the
il
lega
l
c
utt
ing
a
c
ti
vit
y
.
T
he
wor
kf
low
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
F
igu
r
e
6
.
W
he
n
the
s
ys
tem
is
in
ON
c
ondit
ion,
the
s
e
ns
ing
node
s
tar
ts
to
s
upe
r
vis
e
a
nd
a
wa
ke
the
s
e
n
s
or
to
s
nif
f
the
e
nvi
r
onment.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
in
s
lave
s
e
ns
or
node
s
be
gins
a
wa
ke
then
doing
s
e
ns
ing,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
a
nd
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
the
da
ta
to
the
mas
ter
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
node
c
omm
unica
ted
with
the
mas
ter
t
o
r
e
por
t
the
s
upe
r
vis
e
d
a
r
e
a
,
a
lt
e
r
na
tely.
W
he
n
on
e
s
lave
node
doe
s
tr
a
ns
mi
t
the
da
ta
to
the
mas
ter
,
the
oth
e
r
s
lave
s
e
ns
or
node
s
a
r
e
in
idl
e
r
a
dio
s
tate
.
I
dle
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
a
nd
the
idl
e
s
e
ns
or
a
r
e
us
e
d
whe
n
the
s
e
ns
or
node
s
is
not
doing
s
e
ns
ing
a
nd
p
r
oc
e
s
s
the
da
ta.
All
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing,
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng,
p
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
a
nd
s
e
ns
in
g
is
r
e
c
or
de
d
in
the
memor
y
e
ve
r
y
5
m
inut
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
ys
tem
will
be
r
unning
c
onti
nuous
ly
unti
l
the
s
ys
tem
is
s
h
utt
ing
down.
F
igur
e
4.
T
r
e
e
topol
ogy
ne
twor
k
de
s
ign
F
igur
e
5.
Dia
gr
a
m
s
tate
s
upe
r
vis
e
d
s
ys
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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T
E
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M
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KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1529
-
1537
1534
F
igur
e
6.
Dia
gr
a
m
f
low
o
f
the
s
ys
tem
3.
T
E
S
T
I
NG,
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
Af
ter
c
onduc
ti
ng
a
li
ter
a
tur
e
s
tudy
a
nd
de
s
ign
the
pr
opos
e
d
ne
twor
k,
a
ba
tt
e
r
y
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
tes
t
will
be
c
a
r
r
ied
out
in
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
tes
ti
ng
c
onduc
ts
in
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
c
e
na
r
ios
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
to
tes
t
th
e
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
in
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
a
nd
f
ind
the
tr
e
nd
a
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
o
f
the
us
e
of
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
us
ing
e
xtr
a
polation
da
ta
[
30]
.
T
he
ne
xt
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
c
on
duc
ti
ng
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
e
ndur
a
nc
e
a
t
e
a
c
h
node
dur
in
g
pr
oc
e
s
s
s
e
ns
e
,
a
s
s
e
e
n
in
F
igur
e
6.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
is
c
a
lcula
ted
a
ga
ins
t
ti
me
in
mi
nutes
unit
a
ga
ins
t
volt
a
ge
a
nd
powe
r
c
o
ns
umpt
ion.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
tes
ts
a
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
the
f
or
m
of
ba
tt
e
r
y
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
e
xtr
a
polation
table
s
a
nd
gr
a
phs
s
o
that
it
c
a
n
pr
e
dict
the
li
f
e
ti
me
of
the
ne
twor
k.
T
he
thi
r
d
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
mea
s
ur
e
s
of
the
us
e
of
memor
y
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
.
T
his
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
int
e
nde
d
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
us
a
ge
of
E
E
P
R
OM
on
th
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
dur
ing
the
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
o
f
s
e
ns
ing
by
it
e
r
a
ti
ng
a
pr
ogr
a
m
a
s
a
n
ope
r
a
ti
ng
s
ys
tem
whe
r
e
the
da
ta
s
e
ns
ing
is
s
tor
e
d.
Othe
r
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
tes
ti
ng
that
i
nvolves
in
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
uc
h
a
s
dis
tanc
e
s
e
ns
i
ng,
dis
tanc
e
pos
it
ion
be
twe
e
n
node
s
,
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
s
ys
tem
is
not
dis
c
us
s
e
d
be
c
a
us
e
they
ha
ve
be
e
n
publi
s
he
d
in
th
e
pr
e
vious
s
tudi
e
s
whic
h
a
r
e
f
oc
us
e
d
on
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
s
ys
tem
[
31,
32]
.
3.
1.
P
owe
r
c
on
s
u
m
p
t
ion
c
h
ar
ac
t
e
r
is
t
ics
Due
to
the
li
mi
tations
o
f
ha
r
dwa
r
e
tes
ti
ng,
s
ince
t
he
a
va
il
a
ble
ha
r
dwa
r
e
only
ha
s
s
ix
s
e
ns
or
node
s
,
the
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
tes
ti
ng
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
with
a
topol
ogy
tr
e
e
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
us
ing
a
ne
w
ba
tt
e
r
y
with
c
a
pa
c
it
y
10050
mAh
pe
r
ba
tt
e
r
y
in
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
is
c
onne
c
ted
to
a
vo
lt
a
ge
of
5.
38
vol
ts
.
T
he
tes
ti
ng
r
e
s
ult
is
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
1
.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
e
ndur
a
nc
e
tes
ti
ng
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
in
a
t
opology
tr
e
e
,
s
hows
in
F
igur
e
4.
T
he
t
r
e
nd
of
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
e
ndur
a
nc
e
(
B
E
)
a
ga
ins
t
powe
r
is
mea
s
ur
ing
ba
s
e
on
ti
me
in
unit
mi
nu
tes
in
or
de
r
t
o
ha
ve
a
n
e
xtr
a
polation
gr
a
ph
of
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
.
T
he
tr
e
nd
c
olum
n
c
a
ptur
e
d
e
ve
r
y
5
mi
nutes
f
or
two
hou
r
s
to
ha
ve
a
f
or
mul
a
that
is
a
f
f
e
c
ted
by
li
f
e
ti
me
ba
tt
e
r
y
.
T
a
ble
1.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
tes
ti
ng
S
e
ns
or
N
ode
C
ur
r
e
nt
(
A
)
P
ow
e
r
(
W
)
T
r
e
nd B
E
A
ga
in
s
t
P
ow
e
r
(
M
in
ut
e
s
)
M
a
s
te
r
A
w
it
h 2 s
la
v
e
s
0.038944
0.20
455.9343024
B
s
la
ve
0.040452
0.21
1086.517917
C
s
la
ve
0.04044
0.21
1426.247890
M
a
s
te
r
D
w
it
h 2 s
la
v
e
s
0.0398268
0.20
906.868064
E
s
la
ve
0.0400724
0.21
1386.410712
F
s
la
ve
0.040452
0.21
1170.154334
T
he
gr
a
ph
o
f
powe
r
ve
r
s
us
the
t
r
e
nd
of
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
e
ndur
a
nc
e
a
t
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
7.
T
he
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
t
r
e
nds
a
t
e
a
c
h
node
de
ter
mi
ne
d
the
li
f
e
ti
me
of
e
ve
r
y
ba
tt
e
r
y
in
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
.
ST
AR
T
S
e
ns
i
ng N
ode
O
N
Co
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n
Be
t
w
e
e
n
N
ode
S
a
ve
D
a
t
a
on E
E
P
RO
M
e
ve
ry
5
m
i
nut
e
s
S
ys
t
e
m
O
N
S
ys
t
e
m
O
N
?
E
ND
NO
Y
ES
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
W
SN
node
s
pow
e
r
c
ons
umption
us
ing
multi
hop
…
(
Giv
a
A
ndr
iana
M
uti
ar
a
)
1535
T
he
gr
a
ph
c
a
n
r
e
a
d
the
us
e
o
f
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
io
n
a
t
e
a
c
h
node
.
T
he
mas
ter
node
a
nd
s
lave
node
s
howe
d
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
c
a
us
e
the
mas
ter
c
o
mm
unica
tes
with
two
s
lave
s
;
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
in
the
mas
ter
node
is
gr
e
a
ter
than
the
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion
a
t
the
s
lave
node
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
tr
e
nd
a
xi
s
,
it
c
a
n
be
c
onc
luded
that
the
mas
ter
r
e
quir
e
s
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
mo
r
e
than
2
.
5
ti
mes
the
powe
r
c
ons
u
mpt
ion
on
the
s
lave
node
.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
be
c
a
us
e
of
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ing,
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
a
nd
s
e
ns
ing
in
the
mas
ter
node
s
,
a
nd
t
he
mas
ter
node
s
a
ls
o
doing
s
e
ns
ing
the
e
nvir
onment.
F
igur
e
7.
P
owe
r
ve
r
s
us
tr
e
nd
g
r
a
ph
3.
2.
B
at
t
e
r
y
l
i
f
e
t
im
e
T
his
s
c
e
na
r
io
is
c
onduc
ti
ng
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
li
f
e
ti
m
e
a
t
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
dur
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
s
e
ns
ing.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
li
f
e
ti
me
is
c
a
lcula
ted
a
ga
ins
t
ti
me
in
e
ve
r
y
f
ive
m
inut
e
s
unit
a
ga
ins
t
volt
a
ge
a
n
d
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
us
ing
the
f
or
mul
a
t
ion
(
1)
a
nd
(
2)
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
c
a
l
c
ulation
of
the
tes
ti
ng
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
T
a
ble
2,
a
nd
the
c
ha
r
t
of
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
li
f
e
ti
me
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
F
igur
e
8
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
r
e
s
ult
in
the
T
a
ble
2
,
th
e
s
e
ns
or
node
of
M
a
s
ter
A
that
ha
s
two
s
lave
s
will
im
medi
a
tely
be
OFF
c
ondit
ioned
withi
n
22.
52875
hou
r
s
,
f
oll
owe
d
by
the
s
e
ns
or
node
of
M
a
s
ter
D
whic
h
a
ls
o
ha
s
two
s
lave
s
in
44
.
81041
hour
s
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
node
s
lave
B
f
oll
ows
with
a
li
f
e
ti
me
ba
tt
e
r
y
o
f
53.
68731
hour
s
a
nd
s
e
ns
or
node
s
lave
F
a
t
57.
81998
hou
r
s
.
T
he
n,
s
e
ns
or
node
E
s
lave
will
OFF
a
t
68.
50570
hour
s
a
nd
s
e
ns
or
node
C
s
lave
a
s
the
long
e
s
t
li
f
e
ti
me
ba
tt
e
r
y
will
OFF
in
70.
47414
hour
s
.
T
a
ble
2.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
li
f
e
ti
me
S
e
ns
or
N
ode
C
ur
r
e
nt
(
A
)
P
ow
e
r
(
W
)
T
r
e
nd B
E
A
ga
in
s
t
P
ow
e
r
(
M
in
ut
e
s
)
B
a
tt
e
r
y L
if
e
ti
me
(
hour
)
M
a
s
te
r
A
w
it
h 2 s
la
v
e
s
0.038944
0.20
455.9343024
22.52875
B
s
la
ve
0.040452
0.21
1086.517917
53.68731
C
s
la
ve
0.04044
0.21
1426.247890
70.47414
M
a
s
te
r
D
w
it
h 2 s
la
v
e
s
0.0398268
0.20
906.868064
44.81041
E
s
la
ve
0.0400724
0.21
1386.410712
68.50570
F
s
la
ve
0.040452
0.21
1170.154334
57.81998
3.
3.
M
e
m
or
y
c
ap
ac
it
y
t
e
s
t
in
g
T
his
s
ys
tem
is
de
s
igned
with
the
de
f
a
ult
of
a
ll
nod
e
s
jus
t
to
be
tur
ne
d
ON
.
T
he
da
ta
is
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
s
a
ve
d
to
E
E
P
R
OM
.
T
he
memor
y
c
a
pa
c
it
y
is
51
2
bytes
.
Aw
a
ke
p
r
oc
e
s
s
,
s
e
ns
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
c
omm
unica
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
s
y
s
tem
a
r
e
c
a
r
r
ied
out
e
ve
r
y
3000
00
ms
or
e
qua
l
with
5
mi
nutes
.
One
da
ta
s
tor
e
d
in
the
E
E
P
R
OM
r
e
qui
r
e
s
f
our
s
pa
c
e
s
of
8
bi
t
f
or
e
a
c
h
s
pa
c
e
.
I
t
is
e
qua
l
to
32
bit
s
pe
r
a
c
ti
vit
y
.
All
th
e
da
ta
on
E
E
P
R
OM
will
be
ove
r
w
r
it
ten
a
f
ter
128
it
e
r
a
ti
ons
of
the
p
r
ogr
a
m.
E
E
P
R
OM
us
a
ge
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
9
.
M
e
mor
y
us
a
ge
on
the
c
ha
r
t
is
the
memo
r
y
us
a
ge
of
two
hou
r
s
whe
n
r
unning
the
s
ys
tem
f
or
mon
it
o
r
ing
a
nd
it
s
e
qua
l
with
50%
of
the
memo
r
y
us
a
ge
,
whil
e
13%
is
us
e
d
f
o
r
othe
r
da
ta,
s
uc
h
a
s
ope
r
a
ti
n
g
s
ys
tem
pr
ogr
a
ms
that
s
tor
e
d
in
the
memor
y
to
r
un
the
s
y
s
tem.
I
n
the
two
hour
s
r
unning
s
ys
tem,
ther
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
37%
s
pa
c
e
s
is
s
ti
ll
e
mpt
y
a
nd
c
a
n
us
e
f
or
other
p
r
ogr
a
m
or
c
onti
nuing
the
r
unning
s
ys
tem.
0
.
0
0
2
0
0
.
0
0
4
0
0
.
0
0
6
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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.
2
1
0
.
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1
0
.
2
1
M
a
s
t
e
r
A
w
i
t
h
2
s
l
a
v
e
s
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s
l
a
v
e
C
s
l
a
v
e
M
a
s
t
e
r
D
w
i
t
h
2
s
l
a
v
e
s
E
s
l
a
v
e
F
s
l
a
v
e
T
r
e
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
(
W
)
N
o
d
e
S
e
n
s
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
V
e
r
s
u
s
T
r
e
n
d
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
E
n
d
u
r
a
n
c
e
P
o
w
e
r
(
W
)
T
r
e
n
d
B
E
A
g
a
i
n
s
t
P
o
w
e
r
(
M
i
n
u
t
e
s
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1529
-
1537
1536
F
igur
e
8.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
l
if
e
ti
me
g
r
a
ph
F
igur
e
9.
E
E
P
R
OM
us
a
ge
of
the
tes
ti
ng
s
ys
tem
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
W
S
N
im
pleme
ntation
on
il
lega
l
loggi
ng
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
c
a
n
be
done
by
plac
ing
the
s
e
ns
or
s
to
s
upe
r
vis
e
d
the
e
nvir
onment
s
uc
h
a
s
s
ound
s
e
n
s
or
s
,
gr
a
vit
y
s
e
ns
or
s
or
vibr
a
ti
on
s
e
ns
or
s
that
c
a
n
de
te
c
t
il
lega
l
c
utt
ing
in
the
f
o
r
e
s
t.
I
n
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
the
mul
ti
ho
p
r
o
uti
ng
p
r
otocol
is
im
pleme
nted
in
the
tr
e
e
topo
logy
a
nd
f
oc
us
e
d
on
obtaining
the
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
the
ba
t
ter
y
us
e
d
a
s
a
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
s
ys
tem
on
e
a
c
h
s
e
ns
or
node
with
a
mas
ter
a
nd
s
lave
r
e
lations
hip.
T
wo
s
ubne
twor
ks
c
ontaine
d
two
mas
ter
s
,
a
nd
f
our
s
lav
e
s
we
r
e
a
ppli
e
d.
W
it
h
s
uc
h
i
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his
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ur
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r
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ider
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a
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ti
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ump
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lega
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e
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n
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ter
mi
ne
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o
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r
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ba
tt
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r
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n
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e
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e
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c
h
n
ode
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ls
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n
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or
m
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c
is
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tor
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y
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e
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e
ly
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or
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utur
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k,
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a
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pli
c
a
ti
on
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ing
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logy
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nd
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n
a
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pleme
nti
ng
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l
gor
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hm
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lt
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tely
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n
ha
ndle
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c
ons
umpt
ion
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ntually
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tr
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e
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ddit
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us
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dia
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e
n
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nd
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e
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or
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ti
on
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upe
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vis
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nvir
onment
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ls
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f
f
e
c
ts
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tt
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y
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f
e
.
AC
KNOWL
E
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T
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e
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r
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nk
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T
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lkom
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(
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AC
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of
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RE
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In
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Jo
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p
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[6
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