T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
311
~
316
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
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.
1
2
9
2
8
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L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
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i
1
.
1
2
6
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5
311
J
o
ur
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l ho
m
ep
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g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
A
p
ro
po
sed
j
ava
f
o
rwa
rd
s
licing
a
p
pro
a
ch
Ra
na
B
a
der
1
,
B
a
s
em
Alo
k
us
h
2
,
M
o
ha
m
m
a
d Abda
lla
h
3
,
K
ha
lil Awa
d
4
,
Am
ir
Ng
a
h
5
1,
2,
3,
4
Al
-
Zay
t
o
o
n
a
h
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
J
o
rd
a
n
,
Jo
r
d
a
n
5
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
Un
i
v
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
Tere
n
g
g
a
n
u
,
M
a
lay
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Mar
13
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
is
ed
J
u
n
1
9
,
20
19
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
l 2
,
2
0
19
M
a
n
y
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
r
s,
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
e
rs
n
e
e
d
to
d
e
b
u
g
,
tes
t
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
fo
r
a
se
g
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
ir
so
u
rc
e
c
o
d
e
t
o
imp
r
o
v
e
th
e
ir
sy
ste
m
.
P
ro
g
ra
m
slicin
g
is o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
e
st
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s to
d
o
so
.
T
h
e
re
a
re
m
a
n
y
slicin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
to
so
l
v
e
su
c
h
p
ro
b
lem
s
su
c
h
a
s
sta
ti
c
slicin
g
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
slicin
g
,
a
n
d
a
m
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
sl
icin
g
.
I
n
o
u
r
p
a
p
e
r,
we
d
e
c
id
e
d
t
o
d
e
v
e
lo
p
a
to
o
l
t
h
a
t
su
p
p
o
rts
m
a
n
y
sl
icin
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
to
o
l
p
ro
v
id
e
s
n
e
w
flex
ib
le
wa
y
s
to
p
r
o
c
e
ss
sim
p
le
se
g
m
e
n
ts
o
f
Ja
v
a
c
o
d
e
,
a
n
d
it
g
e
n
e
ra
tes
n
e
e
d
e
d
slicin
g
a
c
c
o
rd
in
g
t
o
th
e
u
se
r
n
e
e
d
s,
o
u
r
to
o
l
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
u
se
r
with
d
irec
t
a
n
d
in
d
irec
t
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
ies
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
v
a
riab
le
in
t
h
e
c
o
d
e
se
g
m
e
n
ts.
T
h
is
to
o
l
c
a
n
wo
rk
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
rio
u
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
s
a
n
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
n
e
e
d
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts.
Th
u
s,
o
u
r
t
o
o
l
is
h
e
lp
fu
l
i
n
m
a
n
y
a
sp
e
c
ts
su
c
h
a
s
d
e
b
u
g
g
i
n
g
,
tes
ti
n
g
,
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
y
o
th
e
r
e
lem
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dir
ec
t
an
d
i
n
d
ir
ec
t
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
Fo
r
war
d
an
d
b
ac
k
war
d
s
licin
g
Static
s
lic
in
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
am
m
ad
A
b
d
allah
,
Al
-
Z
ay
to
o
n
a
h
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
J
o
r
d
an
,
Am
m
an
,
J
o
r
d
a
n
.
E
m
ail:
m
.
ab
d
allah
@
zu
j.e
d
u
.
j
o
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sli
cin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
co
d
e
s
eg
m
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
c
o
d
e.
T
h
ese
ex
tr
ac
ted
s
eg
m
en
ts
d
ep
en
d
o
n
ce
r
tain
v
a
r
iab
les,
m
eth
o
d
s
,
o
r
b
eh
av
io
r
[
1
]
.
Pro
g
r
am
s
licin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
as
a
way
to
ab
s
tr
ac
t
v
ar
iab
le
r
ela
ted
co
d
e
f
o
r
m
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
with
o
u
t
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
tax
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
in
1
9
7
9
,
W
eiser
[
2
,
3
]
was
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
ts
wh
o
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
licin
g
.
I
n
s
tatic
s
licin
g
,
all
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
liced
v
ar
iab
le
v
alu
es
an
d
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ar
e
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
[
1
]
.
C
er
tain
v
a
r
iab
les
in
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
co
d
e
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
in
ter
est
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
u
s
er
s
,
an
d
th
ese
v
ar
i
ab
les
ca
n
b
e
ca
lled
s
lices.
Static
s
licin
g
g
en
er
ates
a
s
u
b
-
p
r
o
g
r
am
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
s
lice
v
ar
iab
le,
th
is
s
u
b
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
n
tain
s
all
th
e
co
d
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
lice
v
ar
iab
le,
an
d
an
y
u
n
r
elate
d
co
d
e
is
ig
n
o
r
e
d
[
2
,
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
s
tatic
s
licin
g
,
is
t
o
d
ec
id
e
wh
at
is
o
u
r
s
lici
n
g
cr
iter
ia,
I
m
ea
n
wh
ich
v
ar
i
ab
le
to
b
e
s
liced
an
d
in
wh
ich
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
,
let
th
e
s
liced
v
ar
iab
le
ca
lle
d
(
V)
,
an
d
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
L
)
,
s
o
ar
e
s
licin
g
cr
iter
ia
is
S
(
V,
L
)
[
2
,
3
]
.
Static
s
licin
g
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
ex
ec
u
tab
le
s
lice
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
iled
an
d
r
u
n
alo
n
e
with
o
u
t
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
c
o
d
e,
an
d
also
s
tatic
s
licin
g
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
n
o
n
e
e
x
ec
u
tab
le
s
lice
wh
ich
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
co
m
p
iled
o
r
r
u
n
,
b
u
t
h
elp
f
u
l
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
a
s
li
ce
[
4
,
5
]
.
Static
s
licin
g
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
m
a
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
licin
g
ty
p
es,
s
u
ch
as
co
n
d
itio
n
ed
,
f
o
r
war
d
,
b
ac
k
wa
r
d
,
am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
,
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
clau
s
e
an
d
q
u
asi
s
licin
g
.
T
h
ese
ty
p
es a
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
ty
p
es
[6
-
1
1
]
.
Pro
g
r
am
s
licin
g
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
with
in
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tatem
en
ts
,
th
en
an
aly
zin
g
th
ese
r
elatio
n
s
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
y
.
W
h
en
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
licin
g
was
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
ea
r
ly
,
W
eiser
[
2
]
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
s
lices
b
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
f
lo
w
g
r
ap
h
tech
n
iq
u
e.
He
u
s
ed
g
r
ap
h
s
an
d
wr
o
te
eq
u
at
io
n
s
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
licin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Af
ter
W
eiser
,
Ot
ten
s
tein
an
d
Otten
s
tein
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
,
also
u
s
ed
g
r
a
p
h
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
d
ata
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
as
s
l
icin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
3
1
1
-
3
1
6
312
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Du
e
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
g
r
ap
h
s
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
an
aly
s
is
,
m
o
r
e
n
ew
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
licin
g
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
s
u
c
h
as
co
n
d
itio
n
s
licin
g
u
s
in
g
d
ata
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
f
lo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
s
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
s
licin
g
[
1
4
]
.
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
s
licin
g
,
th
e
y
u
s
ed
d
at
a
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
to
g
en
e
r
ate
a
s
lice.
I
n
cr
em
en
tal
s
licin
g
is
a
s
tatic
s
licin
g
"th
at
co
m
p
u
tes
a
s
lice
in
s
ev
er
al
s
tep
s
,
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
ad
d
itio
n
al
ty
p
es
o
f
d
ata
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
cies a
t e
ac
h
s
tep
”
[
1
5
]
.
Data
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
an
al
y
s
is
is
u
s
ed
b
y
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
r
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
s
licin
g
,
p
r
ec
is
ely
J
av
a
[
1
0
,
1
6
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
e
d
s
tatic
co
n
tr
o
l d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
d
ata
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
as a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
er
e
th
ey
u
s
ed
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
g
r
ap
h
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
g
en
e
r
ate
s
lices
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
[
1
1
]
.
L
ate
r
,
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
7
-
19]
h
av
e
d
esig
n
e
d
a
s
licin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ien
ted
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
wr
itten
i
n
J
av
a
.
T
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
id
en
tify
d
ata
m
em
b
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
b
jects.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
y
cr
ea
ted
a
m
o
d
el
th
at
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
class
s
licin
g
,
s
tate
m
en
t
s
lic
in
g
an
d
o
b
ject
s
licin
g
f
o
r
jav
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
Sli
cin
g
s
em
an
tic
an
d
n
o
tatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
o
t
h
e
r
way
to
lo
o
k
at
s
tatic
s
lici
n
g
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
s
licin
g
s
em
an
tic
an
d
n
o
tatio
n
[
1
5
]
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
id
en
tif
ier
s
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ies
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
n
o
tio
n
s
o
f
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
lice
av
ail
ab
le
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
as we
ll a
s
s
ev
er
al
n
ew
n
o
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
m
a
n
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
o
ls
ca
n
d
o
s
tatic
s
licin
g
,
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le
:
watso
n
li
b
r
ar
ies
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
(
W
AL
A)
[
2
0
]
c
o
n
tai
n
s
a
s
licer
,
b
ased
o
n
c
o
n
tex
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
tab
u
latio
n
o
f
r
ea
ch
a
b
ilit
y
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
g
r
a
p
h
.
A
s
et
o
f
W
AL
A
to
o
ls
wer
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
J
av
aScr
ip
t
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
.
I
n
d
u
s
[
2
1
]
is
a
n
ef
f
o
r
t
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
n
aly
s
es
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
J
a
v
a
to
cu
s
to
m
ize
an
d
ad
ap
t
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
I
t
is
in
te
n
d
ed
t
o
s
er
v
e
as
an
u
m
b
r
ella
f
o
r
s
tatic
an
aly
s
es
s
u
ch
as
p
o
in
t
s
-
to
an
aly
s
is
,
escap
e
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
a
n
a
ly
s
es,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
licin
g
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
p
ec
ializatio
n
v
ia
p
ar
tial
ev
alu
atio
n
,
an
d
a
n
y
s
o
f
twar
e
m
o
d
u
le
t
h
at
d
eliv
e
r
s
th
e
an
al
y
s
es/t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
in
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Kav
e
r
i
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
is
an
E
clip
s
e
p
lu
g
-
in
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
f
o
r
th
e
I
n
d
u
s
J
av
a
s
licer
.
I
t
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
I
n
d
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
licer
t
o
ca
l
cu
late
s
lices
o
f
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
th
e
n
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
v
i
s
u
ally
in
th
e
ed
ito
r
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ject
is
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
u
s
ef
u
l t
o
o
l
f
o
r
s
im
p
lify
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
aly
s
is
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
d
eb
u
g
g
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
.
R
ec
en
tly
s
tatic
s
licin
g
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ien
te
d
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
test
in
g
[
2
3
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
n
ew
s
tatic
s
licin
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
web
ap
p
licatio
n
s
licin
g
[
2
4
]
,
m
ac
h
in
e
co
d
e
[
2
5
]
,
s
o
f
twar
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
[
2
6
,
2
7
]
,
an
d
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
q
u
ality
[
2
8
-
30]
.
2.
J
AVA
F
O
RWARD
S
L
I
C
I
N
G
T
O
O
L
(
J
AVA
F
ST
)
T
h
e
f
o
r
war
d
s
lic
in
g
is
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
is
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
a
v
ar
iab
le
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
n
th
e
f
u
r
th
er
c
o
d
e
(
f
o
r
war
d
)
co
d
e
o
f
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
3
1
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
l
(
J
av
aFST)
was
b
u
ilt
u
s
in
g
J
av
a
co
d
e
to
ap
p
l
y
a
f
o
r
war
d
s
licin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
an
y
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
I
n
th
is
t
o
o
l,
th
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
(
u
s
er
)
ca
n
wr
ite
a
n
y
s
im
p
le
,
i.e
.
,
with
o
u
t
class
es
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
s
an
in
p
u
t
an
d
th
e
n
h
av
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
as a
f
o
r
war
d
s
liced
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
licin
g
cr
iter
ia
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
d
eter
m
in
e
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
l
is
th
at
it
en
a
b
le
s
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
to
i
n
p
u
t
an
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
es
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
with
a
n
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
a
r
iab
les
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
lin
k
ed
lis
t stru
ctu
r
e
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
n
u
s
in
g
ar
r
ay
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
J
av
aFST
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
,
in
b
r
ief
,
will
b
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
At
f
ir
s
t
,
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
in
s
er
t
th
e
jav
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
d
e
(
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
J
av
a
FS
T
)
,
th
en
J
av
a
FS
T
will
ex
tr
ac
t
a
lis
t
o
f
all
v
ar
iab
les
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Seco
n
d
ly
:
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
will
b
e
ask
e
d
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
th
e
s
licin
g
cr
iter
ia;
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
to
b
e
s
licin
g
an
d
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
at
v
ar
iab
le
.
Fin
ally
:
J
av
aFS
T
will
d
is
p
lay
all
th
e
s
ta
tem
en
ts
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
elec
ted
li
n
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
wh
ich
h
as
a
d
ir
ec
t
o
r
in
d
ir
ec
t
d
ep
en
d
e
n
cy
o
n
th
e
v
a
r
iab
le
c
h
o
s
en
as
a
f
o
r
war
d
s
liced
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
J
av
aFST
alg
o
r
ith
m
will
as
f
o
llo
w,
an
d
th
e
d
iag
r
am
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
2
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
J
av
aFST
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
th
e
v
a
r
ia
b
l
es
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
a
n
d
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
b
e
s
liced
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
th
e
s
licin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
is
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
s
tep
s
ex
p
lain
th
e
m
ec
h
a
n
is
em
:
I
n
p
u
t
: A
s
im
p
le
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tar
tin
g
af
ter
“m
ain
”
m
et
h
o
d
.
Ou
tp
u
t:
a.
A
lis
t
with
all
v
ar
iab
les
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
th
e
weig
h
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le,
wh
er
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
weig
h
t
m
ea
n
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ir
ec
t a
n
d
in
d
i
r
ec
t d
ep
en
d
e
n
cies o
n
it.
b.
A
s
liced
s
tatem
en
ts
wh
ich
ar
e
a
s
eg
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ain
p
r
o
g
r
am
(
p
r
esen
ted
as
a
s
liced
lis
t)
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
v
ar
iab
le
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
•
Step
1:
Dec
lar
e
lis
t (
p
r
o
g
)
to
s
to
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
tatem
en
ts
an
d
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
s
tatem
e
n
t.
•
Step
2:
Dec
lar
e
an
o
t
h
er
lis
t
(
v
ar
)
to
s
to
r
e
all
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
ea
c
h
e
n
tr
y
in
th
is
lis
t
co
n
tain
s
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
n
am
e,
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
a
lis
t
(
v
ar
_
lin
es)
to
s
to
r
e
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
es
wh
er
e
th
er
e
is
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
y
o
n
th
i
s
v
ar
iab
le.
•
Step
3:
I
n
p
u
t a
s
im
p
le
jav
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
with
an
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
e
s
an
d
an
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
les.
•
Step
4:
Ad
d
ea
ch
s
ta
tem
en
t to
th
e
lis
t (
p
r
o
g
)
,
an
d
ea
ch
v
a
r
iab
le
(
v
)
to
t
h
e
lis
t (
v
ar
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ja
v
a
fo
r
w
a
r
d
s
licin
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
(
R
a
n
a
B
a
d
er)
313
•
Step
5:
wh
ile
(
n
o
t th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
lis
t (
p
r
o
g
)
)
•
Step
6:
f
o
r
ea
c
h
v
ar
ia
b
le
(
v
)
in
lis
t (
v
ar
)
•
Step
7:
if
(
v
)
is
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
r
ig
h
t
s
id
e
o
f
an
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
s
t
atem
en
t
‘
=’
OR
if
th
e
v
ar
iab
l
e
in
th
e
r
ig
h
t
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
(
v
)
➔
ad
d
1
to
v
ar
iab
le
(
v
)
weig
h
t
an
d
s
t
o
r
e
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
is
s
tatem
en
t in
th
e
(
v
ar
_
lin
es)
lis
t f
o
r
t
h
is
v
ar
ia
b
le
•
Step
8:
else
s
k
ip
to
th
e
n
ex
t statem
en
t
•
Step
9:
en
d
wh
ile
•
Step
10:
Dete
r
m
in
e
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
y
o
u
wan
t t
o
s
lice
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
n
it,
if
f
o
u
n
d
➔
g
o
to
s
tep
1
1
,
else
g
o
to
s
tep
1
3
.
•
Step
11:
Dete
r
m
in
e
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
y
o
u
wan
t to
s
tar
t sli
cin
g
f
r
o
m
it,
if
f
o
u
n
d
➔
g
o
to
s
tep
1
2
,
else
g
o
to
s
tep
13.
•
Step
12:
Star
t
s
licin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
y
o
u
d
eter
m
in
e
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ch
o
s
en
v
ar
iab
l
e,
an
d
h
en
ce
all
th
e
s
tatem
en
ts
wh
ich
t
h
eir
lin
es
n
u
m
b
er
wer
e
in
t
h
e
lis
t
(
v
ar
_
lin
es)
will
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
to
th
e
s
liced
lis
t (
o
u
tp
u
t)
,
th
e
n
g
o
to
s
tep
1
4
.
•
Step
13:
T
h
er
e
is
an
er
r
o
r
in
th
e
r
eq
u
ested
v
ar
iab
le
OR
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
er
;
an
er
r
o
r
m
ess
ag
e
will
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
to
n
o
tify
th
at
e
r
r
o
r
.
•
Step
14:
en
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
J
av
aFST
v
ar
iab
le
d
e
ter
m
in
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
3
1
1
-
3
1
6
314
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
J
av
aFST
s
licin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
3.
T
E
ST
CA
SE
AN
D
E
VA
L
U
AT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
ex
am
p
le
b
elo
w,
a
s
im
p
l
e
J
av
a
ap
p
licatio
n
co
d
e
will
b
e
en
ter
ed
,
an
d
it
h
as
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ata
ty
p
e
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
h
en
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
en
d
is
r
ea
ch
e
d
,
t
h
e
c
o
d
e
will
d
is
p
lay
all
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les
d
ec
lar
ed
an
d
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
e
n
it
will
ask
y
o
u
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
v
ar
iab
l
e
th
at
y
o
u
wan
t
t
o
s
lice
o
n
it
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fin
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
liced
co
d
e
wh
ich
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
v
ar
iab
le
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
n
ter
y
o
u
r
s
im
p
le
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Y
o
u
s
h
o
u
l
d
s
tar
t a
f
ter
m
ain
m
eth
o
d
.
.
.
1
in
t x
=1
0
,
y
=
5
;
2
in
t z
=6
;
3
in
t su
m
;
4
d
o
u
b
le
av
g
;
5
s
u
m
=
x
+
y
+z
;
6
av
g
=
s
u
m
/3
;
7
z
=
x
*
2
;
8
in
t a
=
y
+8
;
9
d
o
u
b
le
c;
1
0
c
=
av
g
+
a;
#
…
u
s
ed
to
in
d
icate
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
en
d
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
es: 1
0
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
J
av
a
c
o
d
e
to
b
e
s
liced
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
A
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ja
v
a
fo
r
w
a
r
d
s
licin
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
(
R
a
n
a
B
a
d
er)
315
Var
iab
les in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
a
r
e:
Var
iab
le
Nam
e
W
eig
h
t
x
4
y
4
z
3
s
u
m
2
av
g
1
a
1
c
0
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
l
is
t o
f
v
ar
ia
b
les
E
n
ter
th
e
v
a
r
iab
le
n
am
e
wh
ich
y
o
u
wan
t t
o
s
lice
u
p
o
n
it:
x
E
n
ter
th
e
lin
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
wh
er
e
y
o
u
wan
t to
s
tar
t sli
cin
g
f
r
o
m
it
:
6
T
h
e
s
liced
co
d
e:
av
g
=
s
u
m
/3
;
z
=
x
*
2
;
c
=
av
g
+
a;
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
s
liced
co
d
e
J
av
a
F
ST
h
as
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
t
o
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
ew
s
licin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
f
o
r
war
d
s
licin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
in
g
L
in
k
e
d
L
is
t
d
ata
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
g
iv
es
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
th
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
to
s
lice
a
s
m
an
y
as
v
ar
iab
les
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
J
av
a
F
ST
also
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
p
lu
g
g
ed
in
o
r
wo
r
k
o
n
a
p
a
r
ticu
lar
p
latf
o
r
m
,
s
u
ch
as
in
I
n
d
u
s
/Kav
er
i
o
r
W
AL
A
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
J
av
a
F
ST
r
ea
d
a
J
av
a
c
o
d
e
s
to
r
ed
in
a
tex
t
f
ile
o
r
a
t
ex
t
f
ile
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
m
p
iled
n
o
r
r
u
n
b
ef
o
r
e
s
licin
g
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
tim
e
s
av
in
g
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
a
test
in
g
p
iece
o
f
co
d
e.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
e
J
av
aFST
is
s
till
u
n
m
u
t
u
r
e
en
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
lice
an
a
d
v
an
ce
d
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
co
d
e,
i.e
.
,
co
n
tain
s
class
es
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
r
s
im
p
le
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
J
av
a
F
ST
is
a
f
o
r
war
d
s
licin
g
t
o
o
l,
wh
ich
r
ea
d
s
a
ja
v
a
co
d
e
f
r
o
m
a
tex
t
f
ile,
ex
tr
ac
ts
th
e
v
ar
i
ab
les,
an
d
r
u
n
a
f
o
r
war
d
s
licin
g
o
n
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
licin
g
cr
iter
ia,
an
d
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
lete
s
lice
f
o
r
th
e
ch
o
s
en
v
ar
iab
le
o
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
lin
e.
T
h
e
m
ain
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
f
J
av
aFST
th
at
ca
n
s
lice
an
u
n
-
co
m
p
iled
J
av
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
r
a
p
iec
e
o
f
co
d
e.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
it
was
b
u
ilt
to
u
s
e
a
L
in
k
ed
L
is
t
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
v
ar
iab
le,
wh
ich
g
i
v
es
a
d
y
n
am
i
c
s
p
ac
e
th
at
allo
ws
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
r
to
s
av
e
as
m
an
y
as
v
ar
iab
le
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
,
h
o
wev
er
,
s
till
in
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e
an
d
n
o
t
a
b
le
s
lice
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ie
n
te
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
co
m
p
lex
J
av
a
c
o
d
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
Ne
e
lam
e
g
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
r
o
g
ra
m
S
li
c
in
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (IJ
S
EA
)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
6
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
M
.
Weise
r,
“
P
ro
g
ra
m
slice
s: f
o
rm
a
l,
p
sy
c
h
o
l
o
g
ica
l,
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
p
r
o
g
ra
m
a
b
stra
c
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
Diss
e
rtatio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
g
re
e
o
f
D
o
c
to
r
o
f
P
h
il
o
so
p
h
y
(C
o
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s)
,
Th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
M
ic
h
ig
a
n
,
M
ich
ig
a
n
,
1
9
7
9
.
[3
]
M
.
Weise
r,
“
P
ro
g
ra
m
slicin
g
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
th
e
5
th
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
wa
re
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
S
a
n
Die
g
o
,
Ca
li
fo
r
n
ia
,
Un
i
ted
S
tate
s
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
–
4
4
9
,
1
9
8
1
.
[4
]
K.
G
a
ll
a
g
h
e
r
a
n
d
J.
R.
L
y
le,
“
Us
in
g
p
r
o
g
ra
m
s
li
c
in
g
i
n
so
ftw
a
re
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
,
”
S
o
ft
wa
re
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
7
5
1
-
7
6
1
,
1
9
9
1
.
[5
]
A.
Ng
a
h
a
n
d
S
.
A.
S
e
lam
a
t,
“
A
Brief
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
P
ro
g
ra
m
S
li
c
in
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
2
0
1
4
(IS
o
RIS
’1
4
),
M
a
lac
c
a
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
7
-
1
4
7
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
F
.
Ti
p
,
“
A s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
P
r
o
g
ra
m
S
l
icin
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pro
g
ra
mm
in
g
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
1
8
9
,
1
9
9
5
.
[7
]
D.
Bin
k
ley
a
n
d
K.
G
a
ll
a
g
h
e
r,
“
P
r
o
g
ra
m
S
li
c
i
n
g
,
”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
50
,
1
9
9
6
.
[8
]
M
.
Ha
rm
a
n
a
n
d
K.
B.
G
a
ll
a
g
h
e
r,
“
P
ro
g
ra
m
slicin
g
,
”
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
o
ftwa
re
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
0
,
p
p
.
5
7
7
-
5
8
1
,
1
9
9
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
3
1
1
-
3
1
6
316
[9
]
D
.
Bin
k
le
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Am
o
r
p
h
o
u
s
S
li
c
in
g
a
s
a
P
ro
g
ra
m
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
o
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
To
o
l,
”
P
re
se
n
ted
a
t
t
h
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
8
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
Pro
g
ra
m C
o
mp
re
h
e
n
si
o
n
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ab
d
a
ll
a
h
,
"
A W
e
ig
h
ted
G
rid
fo
r
M
e
a
su
rin
g
P
ro
g
ra
m
Ro
b
u
st
n
e
ss
,
"
P
h
D,
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
,
Du
r
h
a
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
M
.
Ab
d
a
ll
a
h
a
n
d
H
.
Tam
imi,
“
C
lau
se
r:
Clau
se
S
li
c
i
n
g
To
o
l
f
o
r
C
P
ro
g
ra
m
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
wa
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
5
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
K.
Aw
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
P
ro
p
o
se
d
F
o
r
wa
rd
Clau
se
S
li
c
in
g
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
6,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
K
.
J.
Otten
ste
in
a
n
d
L.
M
.
Otte
n
ste
in
,
“
Th
e
p
r
o
g
ra
m
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
g
ra
p
h
in
a
so
ftwa
re
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
”
S
IGPL
AN
N
o
t.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
-
1
8
4
,
1
9
8
4
.
[1
4
]
F
.
Je
a
n
n
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
g
ra
p
h
a
n
d
it
s
u
se
i
n
o
p
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
AC
M
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Pro
g
r
a
mm
in
g
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
(T
OPL
A
S
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
-
3
4
9
,
1
9
8
7
.
[1
5
]
B.
Ko
re
l
a
n
d
J.
Las
k
i
,
“
Dy
n
a
m
ic
p
ro
g
ra
m
slicin
g
,
”
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
3
,
1
9
8
8
.
[1
6
]
A.
Ors
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
n
c
re
m
e
n
tal
S
li
c
in
g
Ba
se
d
o
n
Da
ta
-
De
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
s
Ty
p
e
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
M
a
i
n
ten
a
n
c
e
(ICS
M
'0
1
)
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Ab
d
a
ll
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ja
v
a
BS
T:
Ja
v
a
b
a
c
k
wa
rd
slici
n
g
t
o
o
l,
”
2
0
1
7
8
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(ICI
T
)
,
p
p
.
6
1
4
-
6
1
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
X.
Ba
o
we
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
b
rief
su
rv
e
y
o
f
p
r
o
g
ra
m
slicin
g
,
”
AC
M
S
IGS
OFT
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
N
o
tes
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
9
]
B.
Alo
k
u
sh
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
P
ro
p
o
se
d
Ja
v
a
S
tatic
S
li
c
in
g
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
8
-
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
A.
Ng
a
h
a
n
d
S
.
A.
S
e
lam
a
t,
“
Us
i
n
g
Ob
jec
t
t
o
S
li
c
e
Ja
v
a
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
0
-
1
3
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
W.
L.
f.
A.
(W
ALA)
,
“
Watso
n
Li
b
ra
ries
fo
r
An
a
ly
sis
(W
A
LA)
,
”
[On
li
n
e
],
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/wa
la.
so
u
rc
e
fo
rg
e
.
n
e
t
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
G
.
Ja
y
a
ra
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ka
v
e
ri:
De
li
v
e
rin
g
t
h
e
I
n
d
u
s
Ja
v
a
P
ro
g
ra
m
S
li
c
e
r
to
Eclip
se
,
”
Ce
rio
li
M
.
(e
d
s)
Fu
n
d
a
me
n
ta
l
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
to
S
o
f
twa
re
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
.
FA
S
E
2
0
0
5
.
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
vol
.
3
4
4
2
.
S
p
rin
g
e
r,
Be
rli
n
,
He
id
e
lb
e
rg
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
3
]
R.
V
.
P
ra
sa
d
a
n
d
H.
Jo
h
n
,
“
S
li
c
i
n
g
c
o
n
c
u
rre
n
t
Ja
v
a
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
u
si
n
g
In
d
u
s
a
n
d
Ka
v
e
ri,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
T
o
o
ls f
o
r T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
T
r
a
n
sfe
r
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
4
8
9
-
5
0
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
Re
g
re
ss
io
n
Tes
ti
n
g
o
f
Ob
jec
t
-
Orie
n
ted
S
o
ftwa
re
b
a
se
d
o
n
P
ro
g
ra
m
S
li
c
in
g
,
”
Th
e
sis
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
g
re
e
o
f
Do
c
to
r
o
f
P
h
il
o
s
o
p
h
y
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Ro
u
rk
e
la
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
M
.
S
a
h
u
a
n
d
D.
P
.
M
o
h
a
p
a
tra,
“
F
o
rwa
rd
Dy
n
a
m
ic
S
li
c
in
g
o
f
Web
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
ACM
S
IG
S
OFT
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
N
o
tes
,
v
o
l
.
4
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
V.
S
rin
i
v
a
sa
n
a
n
d
T.
Re
p
s,
“
An
imp
ro
v
e
d
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
fo
r
slici
n
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
c
o
d
e
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
2
0
1
6
AC
M
S
IGPL
AN
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
O
b
jec
t
-
Or
ien
ted
Pro
g
ra
mm
in
g
,
S
y
ste
ms
,
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s,
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
-
3
9
3
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
h
tt
p
s:/
/d
o
i.
o
rg
/1
0
.
1
1
4
5
/2
9
8
3
9
9
0
.
2
9
8
4
0
0
3
.
[2
7
]
M
.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
h
a
n
d
H.
A.
Tam
imi,
“
Clau
se
r:
Clau
se
S
l
icin
g
T
o
o
l
f
o
r
C
P
ro
g
ra
m
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
5
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
8
]
A.
M
.
Ab
d
a
ll
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Brief
P
ro
g
ra
m
Ro
b
u
st
n
e
ss
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
w
a
re
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
9
]
S
.
P
a
n
d
a
a
n
d
D.
P
.
M
o
h
a
p
a
tra,
“
ACCo
:
a
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
m
e
a
su
re
c
o
h
e
si
o
n
u
si
n
g
h
iera
rc
h
ica
l
slicin
g
o
f
Ja
v
a
p
ro
g
ra
m
s,
”
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s i
n
S
y
ste
m
s a
n
d
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
11,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
4
3
-
2
6
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
0
]
N.
AlAb
wa
in
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Us
in
g
P
r
o
g
ra
m
S
li
c
i
n
g
to
De
tec
t
th
e
De
a
d
Co
d
e
,
”
2
0
1
8
8
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(C
S
IT
)
,
p
p
.
2
3
0
-
2
3
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
1
]
M
.
Ab
d
a
ll
a
h
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
Al
-
rif
a
e
e
,
“
To
wa
rd
s
a
n
e
w
fra
m
e
wo
rk
o
f
p
r
o
g
ra
m
q
u
a
l
it
y
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
sta
n
d
a
r
d
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
2
]
C.
D.
Ne
wm
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
src
S
li
c
e
:
A
To
o
l
fo
r
Eff
icie
n
t
S
tatic
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