T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
4
,
Augus
t
2020
,
pp.
209
5
~
2100
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i4.
13723
2095
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
Na
3
C
e
(
PO
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
a
n
d
N
a
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:
M
n
p
h
osp
h
or
s
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a
su
ita
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le
se
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e
c
t
io
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c
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al
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ot
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w
h
ite
l
ig
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t
-
e
m
itt
i
n
g d
io
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s
Nguyen
T
h
i
P
h
u
on
g
L
oan
1
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Nguyen
Doan
Q
u
oc
Anh
2
1
Facu
l
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amen
t
al
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s
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s
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i
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Ar
t
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I
n
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AB
S
T
RA
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r
ti
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le
h
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tor
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e
ived
J
ul
25
,
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R
e
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d
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a
r
12,
2020
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e
pted
Apr
3,
2020
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
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p
ro
p
o
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ed
t
h
e
T
RP,
a
remo
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
t
r
u
ct
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r
e
t
h
a
t
h
as
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p
h
o
s
p
h
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r
l
ay
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s
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t
o
eh
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ce
t
h
e
ch
ro
ma
t
i
c
q
u
al
i
t
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d
l
u
me
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
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r
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
emi
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
d
ev
i
ces
(
W
L
E
D
s
).
T
h
e
a
rran
g
men
t
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
l
ay
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s
i
s
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el
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r,
g
reen
Na
3
Ce(P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r,
an
d
red
N
a(Mg
2
–
x
Mn
X
)L
i
S
i
4
O
10
F
2
:
Mn
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fr
o
m
b
o
t
t
o
m
t
o
t
o
p
.
Red
N
a(M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)L
i
Si
4
O
10
F
2
:
Mn
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
i
s
u
s
e
d
fo
r
t
h
e
r
ed
l
i
g
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t
co
mp
o
n
e
n
t
t
o
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
l
o
r
ren
d
er
i
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
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h
e
g
reen
l
ay
er
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3
Ce(PO
4
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b
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p
h
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s
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h
o
r
i
s
u
t
i
l
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z
ed
fo
r
t
h
e
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reen
l
i
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t
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mp
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e
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t
o
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ro
d
u
ce
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i
g
h
er
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
(L
F).
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
red
a
n
d
g
reen
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r,
t
h
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3+
co
n
ce
n
t
ra
t
i
o
n
m
u
s
t
d
ecreas
e
t
o
mai
n
t
ai
n
t
h
e
6
0
0
0
K
co
l
o
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t
em
p
erat
u
re.
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h
e
res
earch
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u
l
t
s
s
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o
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t
h
a
t
red
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o
s
p
h
o
r
N
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2
–
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Mn
X
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i
Si
4
O
10
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2
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n
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n
cen
t
rat
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o
n
i
s
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e
n
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c
i
a
l
fo
r
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h
i
l
e
g
reen
p
h
o
s
p
h
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r
Na
3
Ce(PO
4
)
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b
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s
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et
r
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men
t
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o
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.
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o
rev
er,
CQ
S
reac
t
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re
d
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s
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t
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d
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e
d
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h
i
c
h
s
h
o
w
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o
t
ab
l
e
i
m
p
ro
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emen
t
w
h
e
n
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g
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–
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Mn
X
)L
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4
O
10
F
2
:
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n
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n
cen
t
rat
i
o
n
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s
fr
o
m
1
0
-
1
4
%
,
reg
ar
d
l
e
s
s
o
f
Na
3
Ce(PO
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
.
T
h
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
(L
F)
can
al
s
o
i
n
creas
e
fo
r
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
4
0
%
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
red
u
ced
l
i
g
h
t
l
o
s
s
a
n
d
a
d
d
e
d
g
ree
n
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r.
Res
earc
h
re
s
u
l
t
s
are
v
al
u
ab
l
e
referen
ce
s
fo
r
p
ro
d
u
c
ers
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
co
l
o
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
l
i
g
h
t
emi
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
olor
qua
li
ty
s
c
a
le
L
umi
nous
f
lux
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
R
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Nguye
n
Doa
n
Quoc
Anh
,
P
owe
r
S
ys
tem
Optim
iza
ti
on
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
Gr
oup,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
on
ics
E
nginee
r
ing
,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y,
Vie
tnam.
E
mail:
nguye
ndoa
nquoc
a
nh@tdt
u.
e
du.
vn
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
W
hit
e
li
ght
-
e
mi
tt
ing
diodes
(
W
L
E
Ds
)
with
phos
phor
ba
s
e
is
a
potential
li
ghti
ng
potential
in
view
of
s
mall
s
ize
,
long
li
gh
ti
ng
du
r
a
ti
on,
mi
ni
mal
e
f
f
or
t,
a
nd
s
ha
ding
s
e
c
ur
it
y
[
1
-
4]
.
T
he
f
a
br
ica
ti
on
of
wh
it
e
c
olor
in
L
E
Ds
de
vice
s
r
e
li
e
d
on
c
olor
c
ombi
na
ti
on,
in
w
hich
the
c
hip
in
the
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
will
e
mi
t
a
s
ha
de
of
blue
that
is
e
jec
ted
on
the
YA
G:C
e
3+
phos
phor
laye
r
a
nd
blende
d
with
the
c
h
r
omatic
r
a
dit
ion
f
r
om
th
is
s
o
ur
c
e
[
5
]
.
T
he
L
E
Ds
li
ghti
ng
method
is
a
n
im
por
tant
pa
r
t
in
s
oli
d
-
s
tate
li
ghti
ng
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on,
howe
ve
r
,
a
n
im
pr
ov
e
ment
in
li
ghti
ng
e
mi
s
s
ion
pr
ofi
c
ienc
y
a
nd
c
olo
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
c
a
n
a
dva
nc
e
it
e
ve
n
f
ur
ther
[
6]
.
F
or
the
m
os
t
pa
r
t,
uninhi
bit
e
dly
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
c
ove
r
ing
is
the
mos
t
wide
ly
r
e
c
ognize
d
tec
hnique
us
e
d
to
c
r
e
a
te
white
li
gh
t.
I
n
thi
s
pr
oc
e
dur
e
,
s
tr
a
ight
f
or
wa
r
d
typi
f
ied
s
a
p
is
joi
ne
d
with
phos
phor
mate
r
ial
a
nd
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
on
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
4
,
Augus
t
2020
:
2095
-
210
0
2096
De
s
pit
e
the
f
a
c
t
that
thi
s
methodology
pe
r
mi
ts
goo
d
c
ontr
ol
ove
r
the
de
ns
it
y
o
f
mat
e
r
ial
laye
r
a
nd
d
i
mi
nis
he
s
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
pa
r
t
of
the
c
os
t,
it
doe
s
n't
c
r
e
a
te
top
notch
W
L
E
Ds
[
7
-
9]
.
S
ubs
e
que
ntl
y,
the
c
onf
o
r
mal
c
ove
r
ing
s
tr
a
tegy
c
a
n
be
uti
li
z
e
d
a
s
a
n
opti
on.
T
his
s
tr
a
tegy
c
onve
ys
hue
s
c
ons
i
s
tently,
br
ingi
ng
a
bou
t
r
a
kis
h
homogene
it
y
of
c
o
nne
c
ted
s
ha
ding
tempe
r
a
tur
e
(
C
C
T
)
[
9
-
13]
.
B
e
that
a
s
it
may,
the
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
tha
t
a
ppli
e
d
c
onf
or
mal
c
oa
ti
ng
is
i
mpac
ted
by
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
ing,
whic
h
da
mage
the
e
mi
tt
e
d
li
ght.
P
a
s
t
inves
ti
ga
ti
ons
ha
ve
s
ugge
s
ted
the
r
e
mot
e
s
tr
uc
tur
e
that
s
e
pe
r
a
tes
t
he
phos
phor
f
il
m
a
nd
the
c
hip
f
or
thi
s
is
s
ue
[
14,
15]
.
Anothe
r
notable
s
olut
ion
is
a
pply
he
mi
s
phe
r
ica
l
s
he
ll
made
f
r
o
m
polym
e
r
with
phos
phor
int
e
r
io
r
c
a
n
a
ll
ow
the
e
xtr
a
c
ted
r
a
diation
to
e
xc
e
l
[
16
-
18]
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
with
ga
ps
im
plante
d
a
t
the
ba
s
e
c
a
n
s
uppo
r
t
r
a
diant
pr
o
f
ienc
y
by
r
e
fl
e
c
ti
ng
li
ght
that
e
mi
t
ted
downw
a
r
d
[
19
,
20]
.
Notwi
ths
tanding
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
of
the
bundle,
the
g
r
ouping
of
phos
phor
yiel
d
pos
it
ive
r
e
s
ult
s
on
li
ghti
ng
c
a
pa
c
it
y
o
f
the
de
vice
.
T
he
r
e
-
a
s
s
im
il
a
ti
on
e
ve
nt
that
oc
c
ur
s
withi
n
the
p
hos
phor
mate
r
ial
unit
a
r
is
e
whe
n
the
phos
phor
c
ons
ti
tuent
incr
e
a
s
e
s
.
Ac
c
or
dingl
y
ga
dge
t
r
a
diant
e
f
fi
c
ienc
y
would
be
de
ba
s
e
d,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
a
t
lowe
r
C
C
T
s
[
21]
.
Na
tur
a
ll
y,
the
s
olut
ion
would
be
e
nha
nc
ing
the
e
mi
s
s
ion
c
a
pa
c
it
y
of
blue
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
l
ight
s
our
c
e
s
a
nd
li
mi
ti
ng
the
r
a
diation
im
pa
ir
ment
,
whic
h
is
the
f
oc
us
o
f
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
t
r
ipl
e
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
of
W
L
E
Ds
with
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
6000
K
is
pr
o
pos
e
d
in
thi
s
s
tudy.
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
ons
is
ts
of
thr
e
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
phos
phor
laye
r
s
with
g
r
e
e
n
l
a
ye
r
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
be
twe
e
n
ye
ll
ow
YA
G:C
e
3+
p
hos
phor
a
nd
r
e
d
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
.
T
he
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
laye
r
a
dds
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
to
im
pr
ove
the
lum
inous
f
lux
e
mi
t
ted
while
the
r
e
d
li
ght
c
omponent
is
s
uppleme
nted
by
r
e
d
phos
phor
to
im
pr
o
ve
c
olor
qua
li
ty.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
ult
s
s
how
that,
whe
n
ther
e
is
a
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
ye
ll
ow,
g
r
e
e
n,
a
nd
r
e
d
c
olo
r
s
,
t
he
c
olor
qua
li
ty
c
a
n
be
maximi
z
e
d.
M
e
a
nwhile,
the
lum
ino
us
f
lux
of
W
L
E
Ds
is
not
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
r
e
duc
e
d.
2.
COM
P
UT
AT
I
ONA
L
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
ON
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
idea
of
the
s
tudy
is
to
us
e
the
g
r
e
e
n
li
ght
f
r
om
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
phos
phor
to
e
nha
nc
e
lum
inous
f
lux.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
idea
is
to
us
e
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
to
e
nha
nc
e
C
R
I
a
nd
C
QS
with
r
e
d
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
.
T
he
L
ight
T
oo
ls
pr
ogr
a
m
w
hich
r
e
li
e
d
on
the
M
onte
C
a
r
lo
r
a
y
-
tr
a
c
ing
method
[
22]
is
the
opt
ica
l
de
s
ign
s
of
twa
r
e
c
r
e
a
te
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
with
6000
K
C
C
T
.
T
he
W
L
E
Ds
3
-
D
model
f
or
opti
c
a
l
r
e
pli
c
a
ti
on
of
r
e
mot
e
pa
c
ka
ge
W
L
E
Ds
in
th
e
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
wa
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
of
thi
s
W
L
E
D
s
is
a
r
e
f
lec
tor
s
ize
8
x
2.
07
x
9.
85
mm
in
b
ott
om,
s
ide,
a
nd
top
.
T
he
phos
phor
mate
r
ials
a
r
e
c
ompos
e
d
int
o
laye
r
s
with
p
r
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
de
ns
it
y
of
0.
08
m
m.
B
e
low
the
laye
r
s
of
phos
phor
a
r
e
the
s
pa
c
e
s
to
plac
e
the
s
qua
r
e
blue
li
ght
c
hips
with
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
o
f
1
.
14
mm
ba
s
e
a
nd
0.
15
mm
he
ight
.
T
he
li
ghti
ng
pr
o
f
icie
nc
y
of
the
c
hip
is
1
.
16
W
a
t
455
nm
a
mpl
it
ude
.
T
he
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
phos
phor
s
pa
r
ti
c
le
c
ha
nge
s
c
onti
nuou
s
ly
f
r
om
2%
to
24
%
in
the
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
nts
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
qua
li
ty
indi
c
a
tor
s
.
An
im
por
tant
noti
c
e
is
c
or
r
e
late
d
c
olor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
va
lues
mus
t
be
s
tabili
z
e
d
by
c
ontr
oll
ing
YA
G:C
e
3+
wt
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
the
r
e
s
ult
s
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
1.
(
a
)
W
L
E
Ds
,
(
b
)
I
ll
us
tr
a
ti
on
o
f
t
r
ipl
e
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
c
onf
igu
r
a
ti
on
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
c
ontent
of
F
igu
r
e
2
de
mons
tr
a
te
the
va
r
iation
of
the
C
R
I
va
lues
,
whe
n
the
pe
r
c
e
ntage
s
of
r
e
d
phos
phor
a
nd
g
r
e
e
n
phos
phor
in
the
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
r
is
e
f
r
om
2%
to
20%
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
that
C
R
I
c
ont
inuous
ly
r
is
e
s
with
the
a
mount
o
f
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
a
nd
r
e
a
c
he
s
the
highes
t
va
lue
a
t
20%
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
.
I
n
c
ontr
a
s
t,
the
incr
e
a
s
e
i
n
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
doe
s
not
be
ne
f
it
C
R
I
.
As
e
vid
e
nc
e
d
by
the
incr
e
a
s
e
in
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
f
r
om
2%
to
20
%
,
C
R
I
gr
a
dua
ll
y
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
de
s
pit
e
the
incr
e
a
s
e
of
r
e
d
phos
phor
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
and
N
a(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iSi
4
O
10
F
2
:
M
n
phos
phor
s
:
…
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
2097
or
the
c
ha
nge
of
a
ve
r
a
ge
c
or
r
e
late
d
c
olo
r
t
e
mper
a
tur
e
(
AC
C
T
)
.
F
r
om
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
F
igu
r
e
2
,
it
obvi
ous
that
the
va
lue
of
C
R
I
incr
e
a
s
e
s
if
the
a
mount
of
r
e
d
li
g
ht
is
e
nha
nc
e
,
whic
h
c
onf
ir
ms
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
r
e
d
laye
r
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
.
W
he
n
g
r
e
e
n
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
Na
3C
e
(
P
O4)
2:T
b3+
phos
phor
incr
e
a
s
e
s
,
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omponent
pr
e
va
il
s
but
is
not
be
ne
f
icia
l
f
or
C
R
I
.
T
he
c
onve
r
s
ion
e
ne
r
gy
in
the
r
e
d
phos
p
hor
laye
r
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
s
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tur
e
,
the
or
de
r
of
mate
r
ial
is
gr
e
e
n
be
low
r
e
d,
whic
h
mea
ns
the
li
ght
mus
t
pa
s
s
thr
ough
the
gr
e
e
n
laye
r
f
ir
s
t
then
to
r
e
d
p
hos
phor
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
g
r
e
e
n
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
phos
phor
s
hould
c
hoos
e
the
s
malles
t
if
the
tar
ge
t
is
C
R
I
.
C
R
I
is
only
one
f
a
c
tor
to
e
va
luate
c
olo
r
qua
li
ty.
I
t
s
hows
the
a
bil
it
y
to
r
e
c
ognize
the
tr
ue
c
olor
s
of
o
bjec
ts
in
the
e
ye
s
of
humans
whe
n
li
ght
is
s
hini
ng
on
.
B
e
s
ides
the
tr
ue
c
olor
of
the
objec
t,
the
c
omf
o
r
t
o
f
the
vi
e
we
r
a
nd
the
c
olor
c
oor
dinate
s
a
r
e
two
im
por
tant
c
r
it
e
r
ia
that
C
R
I
doe
s
not
e
va
luate
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
c
ol
or
qua
li
ty
s
c
a
le
(
C
QS)
c
a
n
e
va
luate
the
s
ynthes
is
of
thr
e
e
e
leme
nts
:
C
R
I
,
t
he
plea
s
a
nt
of
the
v
iew
e
r
a
nd
the
c
olor
c
oor
dinate
s
f
or
white
li
ght.
T
hus
,
whe
n
c
ompar
ing
be
twe
e
n
C
R
I
a
nd
C
QS,
C
QS
va
lue
be
c
omes
mor
e
im
po
r
tant
a
nd
dif
f
icult
to
a
c
hieve
.
One
que
s
ti
o
n
is
how
to
im
pr
ove
the
C
QS
va
lue
of
W
L
E
Ds
?
I
s
it
only
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
incr
e
a
s
e
the
r
e
d
li
ght
c
omponent
a
s
to
im
pr
ove
the
C
R
I
?
T
o
f
ind
a
ns
we
r
s
t
o
thes
e
que
s
ti
on
s
,
C
QS
va
lues
a
r
e
a
ls
o
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l,
C
QS
a
ls
o
incr
e
a
s
e
s
with
r
e
d
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
.
How
e
ve
r
,
unli
ke
the
C
R
I
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
the
C
QS
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
s
mall
whe
n
c
ha
nging
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
the
gr
e
e
n
laye
r
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
phos
phor
.
F
r
om
the
r
e
s
ult
s
s
ho
wn
in
F
igu
r
e
3
,
it
is
pos
s
ibl
e
to
c
onf
ir
m
that
both
t
he
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
a
nd
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
incr
e
a
s
e
C
QS.
T
he
ba
lanc
e
be
twe
e
n
3
c
olor
s
:
ye
ll
ow,
gr
e
e
n
a
nd
r
e
d
i
s
the
ke
y
to
im
p
r
oving
C
QS.
W
he
n
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
r
e
d
phos
phor
or
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
incr
e
a
s
e
s
,
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
to
ke
e
p
AC
C
T
.
F
igur
e
2.
C
R
I
of
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
of
r
e
d
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
phos
phor
F
igur
e
3.
C
QS
o
f
T
R
P
a
s
a
f
unc
ti
on
of
r
e
d
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
T
he
r
e
duc
e
d
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
mea
ns
that
the
ye
ll
ow
li
gh
t
c
omponent
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
nd
thi
s
ha
s
two
be
ne
f
it
s
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
be
ne
f
it
is
the
be
tt
e
r
lum
nious
f
lux,
whic
h
c
omes
f
r
om
the
r
e
duc
ti
on
of
li
gh
t
los
s
due
to
ba
c
k
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
to
the
c
hip.
Anothe
r
be
n
e
f
it
is
r
e
duc
ing
the
ye
ll
ow
l
ight
c
omponent
.
T
he
f
inal
b
e
ne
f
it
is
r
e
plac
ing
the
golden
li
ght
e
leme
nt
a
nd
the
li
ght
r
e
d
a
nd
li
ght
gr
e
e
n
c
ompos
it
ion
.
C
QS
c
ont
r
ol
is
the
c
ontr
ol
of
thes
e
3
c
olor
c
omponents
.
C
QS
inc
r
e
a
s
e
s
gr
a
dua
ll
y
whe
n
incr
e
a
s
ing
gr
e
e
n
c
onc
e
n
tr
a
ti
on
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:T
b
3+
phos
phor
f
r
o
m
2
%
to
10%
a
nd
then
g
r
a
dua
ll
y
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
he
highes
t
C
QS
va
lues
in
the
c
a
s
e
o
f
10
%
to
14
%
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
.
W
he
n
the
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
is
low
(
2%
to
10
%
)
,
the
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
c
o
mponent
s
ti
ll
domi
na
tes
.
T
he
e
n
e
r
gy
that
t
r
a
ns
mi
ts
li
ght
is
l
os
t
by
late
r
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing,
whic
h
lea
ds
to
C
QS
not
r
e
a
c
hing
it
s
maximum
.
W
he
n
the
g
r
e
e
n
leve
l
is
be
twe
e
n
10%
a
nd
14%
,
the
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omponent
is
e
nough
f
or
C
QS
to
r
e
a
c
h
the
highes
t
leve
l.
How
e
ve
r
,
whe
n
incr
e
a
s
ing
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
t
ion
of
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:T
b
3+
,
the
e
xc
e
s
s
ive
gr
e
e
n
li
ght
c
omponent
c
a
us
e
s
a
c
olor
im
ba
lanc
e
in
the
3
p
r
im
a
r
y
c
olor
s
g
r
e
e
n,
r
e
d
a
nd
ye
ll
ow.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
pr
e
s
e
nc
e
of
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3
+
phos
phor
s
hould
be
r
e
s
tr
icte
d
to
a
c
hieve
be
tt
e
r
r
e
s
ult
s
in
C
QS
.
C
ontr
oll
ing
the
c
olor
qua
li
ty
o
f
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
is
mor
e
c
ompl
e
x
than
two
c
onf
or
mal
phos
phor
or
in
-
c
up
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
.
T
his
c
ontr
ol
is
e
ve
n
mor
e
di
f
f
icult
wi
th
W
L
E
Ds
with
higher
AC
C
T
s
but
the
r
e
s
ult
s
s
how
that
the
higher
the
AC
C
T
s
,
t
he
gr
e
a
ter
the
C
QS
wit
h
the
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
.
I
n
a
d
dit
ion
to
r
e
duc
ing
the
a
mount
of
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
li
ght
,
the
T
R
P
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
ls
o
he
lps
incr
e
a
s
e
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
li
ght
ins
ide
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
his
incr
e
a
s
e
in
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
incr
e
a
s
e
s
the
mi
xing
o
f
li
gh
t
c
omponents
,
r
e
s
ult
ing
in
a
high
qua
li
ty
wh
it
e
li
ght
.
H
owe
ve
r
,
doe
s
thi
s
incr
e
a
s
e
in
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
r
e
duc
e
the
li
ght
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
e
ne
r
gy?
T
his
s
e
c
ti
on
is
to
de
mons
tr
a
te
the
mathe
matica
l
e
qua
ti
ons
e
mpl
o
ye
d
in
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
of
blue
r
a
diation
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
4
,
Augus
t
2020
:
2095
-
210
0
2098
a
nd
mor
di
f
ied
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
double
-
laye
r
s
r
e
mot
e
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
to
be
s
tudi
e
d
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
ment
in
L
E
D
pr
oduc
ti
vit
y.
B
e
low
is
the
e
qua
ti
on
f
or
blue
r
a
diation
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
a
nd
mor
dif
ied
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
s
ingul
a
r
W
L
E
D
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
pplyi
ng
the
r
e
mo
te
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
with
the
de
ns
it
y
o
f
phos
phor
de
c
r
ibed
a
s
2h:
1
=
0
×
−
2
1
ℎ
(
1)
1
=
1
2
1
×
0
1
−
1
(
−
2
1
ℎ
−
−
2
1
ℎ
)
(
2)
T
he
blue
r
a
diation
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
a
nd
mor
dif
ied
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
in
dua
l
-
phos
phor
r
e
mot
e
s
tr
uc
tur
e
with
th
e
laye
r
s
de
ns
it
y
pr
e
s
c
r
ibed
a
s
h
c
a
n
be
c
onc
luded
f
r
om
the
e
qua
ti
ons
ude
r
ne
a
th:
2
=
0
×
−
2
2
ℎ
(
3)
2
=
1
2
2
×
0
2
−
2
(
−
2
2
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
)
(
4)
T
he
h
de
picts
the
phos
phor
laye
r
de
ns
it
y.
T
h
e
s
ubs
c
r
ipt
“
1”
a
nd
“
2”
note
the
s
ingl
e
laye
r
a
nd
double
-
laye
r
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
c
onf
igur
a
ti
ons
.
β
is
the
c
onve
r
s
ion
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
f
or
blue
li
ght
c
o
nve
r
ti
ng
to
ye
ll
ow
li
ght.
γ
is
the
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
ici
e
nt
of
the
ye
ll
ow
li
ght.
T
he
int
e
ns
it
ies
of
blue
li
ght
(
P
B
)
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
li
ght
(
P
Y)
a
r
e
the
li
ght
int
e
ns
it
y
f
r
o
m
blue
L
E
D,
indi
c
a
ted
by
P
B
0.
α
B
;
α
Y
a
r
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
de
s
c
r
ibi
ng
the
los
s
of
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
e
ne
r
gy
in
bl
ue
a
nd
ye
ll
ow
li
ghts
du
r
ing
thei
r
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
p
r
oc
e
s
s
in
th
e
phos
phor
laye
r
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
he
lum
inous
e
f
f
i
c
ienc
y
of
pc
-
L
E
Ds
r
e
c
e
ives
s
igni
f
ica
nt
e
nha
nc
e
me
nt
whe
n
the
r
e
mot
e
phos
phor
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
ha
s
mul
ti
ple
laye
r
s
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
s
ingl
e
laye
r
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
:
(
2
+
2
)
−
(
1
+
1
)
1
+
1
>
0
(
5)
T
h
e
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
i
n
g
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
e
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
M
i
e
-
t
h
e
o
r
y
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
the
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
c
r
os
s
s
e
c
ti
on
of
c
ir
c
ular
pa
r
ti
c
les
C
s
c
a
c
a
n
be
mea
s
ur
e
d
us
ing
the
f
oll
owing
e
qua
ti
on
with
the
M
ie
theor
y
.
T
he
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
o
f
li
ght
powe
r
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
with
B
e
e
r
’
s
law
[
25]
:
I
=
I
0
e
x
p(
-
µ
e
x
t
L)
(
6)
T
he
I
0
in
th
is
e
qua
ti
on
is
the
e
ne
r
gy
of
incide
nt
li
gh
t,
L
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
de
ns
it
y
of
phos
phor
laye
r
(
mm
)
a
nd
µ
ext
is
the
e
xti
nc
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt,
whic
h
a
r
e
me
a
s
ur
e
d
by:
µ
e
x
t
=
N
r
.C
ext
,
whe
r
e
N
r
is
a
s
the
number
de
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
o
f
pa
r
ti
c
les
(
mm
-
3
)
.
C
e
x
t
(
mm
2
)
is
the
e
xti
nc
ti
on
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
ti
on
of
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
.
E
xpr
e
s
s
ion
5
de
mons
tr
a
tes
that
the
us
e
of
a
ddit
iona
l
phos
phor
l
a
ye
r
,
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
a
r
e
the
r
e
d
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
phos
phor
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:T
b
3
+
phos
phor
,
incr
e
a
s
e
s
the
lum
inous
f
lux
of
W
L
E
Ds
.
I
n
o
r
de
r
to
ke
e
p
AC
C
T
s
with
the
pr
e
s
e
c
e
of
r
e
d
a
nd
gr
e
e
n
phos
phor
pa
r
ti
c
les
,
the
a
mount
o
f
ye
ll
ow
phos
p
hor
mu
s
t
a
djus
t
a
c
c
or
dingl
y
a
s
de
s
c
r
ibed
in
F
igur
e
4.
S
table
AC
C
T
s
in
W
L
E
Ds
is
a
manda
tor
y
r
e
quir
e
ment
to
c
onduc
t
the
e
xpe
r
ieme
nts
a
nd
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
c
ons
is
tenc
y
of
r
e
s
ult
s
.
As
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
F
igur
e
4
,
the
ye
ll
ow
p
hos
phor
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3+
c
o
n
ce
n
t
ra
t
i
o
n
mu
s
t
d
ecreas
e
t
o
mai
n
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
p
ercen
t
ag
e
b
e
t
w
ee
n
mat
er
i
al
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
l
l
o
w
s
b
et
t
er
man
ag
eme
n
t
o
f
b
ack
-
s
cat
t
eri
n
g
eff
ect
.
A
r
e
duc
e
d
ye
ll
ow
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
a
ls
o
make
the
li
ght
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
r
e
d
e
ne
r
gy
lar
ge
r
,
a
c
c
or
ding
to
L
a
mber
t
-
B
e
e
r
's
L
a
w
in
(
6)
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
the
la
r
ge
r
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
o
r
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:
M
n
is
,
the
mor
e
the
lum
inous
f
lux
e
mi
tt
e
d
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
thi
s
c
ould
be
de
tr
im
e
ntal
to
C
QS
s
hould
the
r
e
d
or
gr
e
e
n
c
omponent
e
xc
e
e
ds
the
a
ppr
or
iate
leve
l
a
nd
c
a
us
e
c
olor
im
ba
lanc
e
,
whic
h
r
e
s
ult
s
in
lowe
r
C
QS.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
the
r
e
s
ul
ts
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
w
hi
c
h
s
how
th
e
lu
m
in
ous
f
l
ux
in
T
R
P
W
L
E
Ds
,
t
he
inc
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
g
r
e
e
n
l
i
gh
t
c
om
po
ne
nt
a
n
d
b
a
c
k
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
e
d
li
gh
t
r
e
du
c
t
io
n
t
ha
t
c
o
me
f
r
o
m
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
he
lps
lu
m
in
ous
f
l
u
x
(
L
F
)
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
o
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
40
%
,
r
e
ga
r
d
les
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
os
p
ho
r
c
on
c
e
n
t
r
a
ti
on
i
n
N
a
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
1
0
F
2
:
M
n
.
T
h
e
ob
ta
in
e
d
r
e
s
u
lt
s
a
r
e
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
to
h
e
lp
t
he
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
r
e
r
e
a
s
i
ly
s
e
l
e
c
t
th
e
a
pp
r
op
r
ia
te
c
o
nc
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
on
o
f
thes
e
tw
o
ph
os
ph
or
ty
pe
s
.
S
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
ll
y
,
t
o
a
c
h
iev
e
C
Q
S
a
s
L
F
i
n
hi
gh
va
l
ue
r
a
nge
,
it
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
s
e
lec
t
Na
3
C
e
(
P
O
4
)
2
:
T
b
3+
c
on
c
e
nt
r
a
t
io
n
f
r
om
10
%
to
1
4%
,
a
nd
N
a
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
i
S
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
ion
is
2
0
%
.
M
e
a
n
wh
il
e
,
L
F
a
ls
o
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
s
li
gh
t
ly
w
i
th
N
a
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
iS
i
4
O
10
F
2
:M
n
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
io
ns
a
t
60
00
K
AC
C
T
,
L
F
a
l
mos
t
u
nc
h
a
n
ge
d
i
n
t
he
r
a
n
ge
o
f
2
-
1
4
%
Na
(
M
g
2
–
x
Mn
X
)
L
i
S
i
4
O
10
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.
T
he
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F
d
r
o
ps
s
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ly
wh
e
n
in
c
r
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g
r
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ph
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ph
or
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
io
n
t
o
2
0
%
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
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o
l
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hi
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oan
)
2099
F
igur
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4.
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G:C
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ti
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4
O
10
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n
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nd
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e
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4
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T
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igur
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umi
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lux
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P
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s
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4
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10
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phor
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e
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n
Na
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e
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phor
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CONC
L
USI
ONS
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R
P
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tr
uc
tur
e
with
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phor
laye
r
s
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e
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4
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10
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nc
e
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QS
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F
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he
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e
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olor
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t
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r
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his
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ne
w
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e
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ult
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s
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e
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o
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hieve
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e
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s
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n
d
r
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ough
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ti
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ontr
ol
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O
4
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i
S
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10
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.
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oll
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r
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r
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omponents
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L
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Ds
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i
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ial
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ti
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10
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e
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omp
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Ds
,
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.
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that
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lanc
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of
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,
g
r
e
e
n
a
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r
e
d
c
olor
s
,
a
nd
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e
duc
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d
late
r
s
c
a
tt
e
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ing
f
r
om
the
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ll
ow
Y
AG
:
C
e
3+
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r
will
b
r
ing
the
h
ighes
t
c
olor
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nd
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inou
s
qua
l
it
y
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGM
E
N
T
S
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
f
unde
d
by
F
ounda
ti
on
f
or
S
c
ienc
e
a
nd
T
e
c
hnology
De
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y
(
F
OST
E
C
T
)
,
we
bs
it
e
:
ht
tp:
//
f
os
tec
t.
tdt
.
e
du.
vn,
unde
r
Gr
a
nt
F
OST
E
C
T
.
2017
.
B
R
.
06.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
ran
g
T
.
T
.
,
L
e
P
.
X
.
,
Anh
N
.
D
.
Q
.
,
“
E
x
ce
l
l
e
n
t
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
w
i
t
h
f
l
at
d
u
al
-
l
a
y
er
remo
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
eo
me
t
ry
,”
T
E
LKO
M
NIKA
Te
l
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
17
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
5
2
7
-
2
5
3
4
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
T
ran
g
T
.
T
.
,
L
e
P
.
X
.
,
A
n
h
N
.
D
.
Q
.
,
“
Imp
ro
v
i
n
g
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
r
h
o
mo
g
en
e
i
t
y
o
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d
u
a
l
-
l
a
y
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p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
ct
r
u
ct
u
re
,
”
TE
LKO
M
NIKA
Te
l
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
cs
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
3
-
2
6
4
9
,
O
ct
o
b
er
2
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1
9
.
[3
]
A
l
a
t
aw
i
A
.
A
,
J
.
A
,
K
a
n
g
C
.
H
.
,
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e
n
C
.
,
Su
b
e
d
i
R
.
C
.
,
A
l
b
a
d
ri
A
.
M
.
,
A
l
y
ama
n
i
A
.
Y
.
,
N
g
T
.
K
.
,
O
o
i
B
.
S.
,
“
H
i
g
h
-
p
o
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er
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l
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e
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o
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g
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C
RI
l
i
g
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t
i
n
g
a
n
d
h
i
g
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-
s
p
eed
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
l
i
g
h
t
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
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o
n
,”
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p
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c
s
E
xp
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,
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o
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2
6
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p
p
.
2
6
3
5
5
-
2
6
3
6
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
Ru
an
J
.
F
.
,
Y
an
g
Z
.
W
.
,
Z
h
an
g
H
.
L
.
,
Q
i
u
J
.
B
.
,
So
n
g
Z
.
Q
.
,
Z
h
o
u
D
.
C.
,
"
Ph
as
e
t
ra
n
s
f
o
rmat
i
o
n
i
n
d
u
ced
re
v
ers
i
b
l
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mo
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
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o
f
u
p
c
o
n
v
ers
i
o
n
l
u
m
i
n
e
s
ce
n
ce
o
f
W
O
3
:Yb
3+
,
E
r
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
o
r
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
d
ev
i
ces
,”
O
p
t
i
cs
Le
t
t
er
s
,
vol.
43
,
n
o
.
16
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
5
-
3
8
8
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
Ch
e
F
.
,
W
u
L
.
,
H
u
s
s
a
i
n
B
.
,
L
i
X
.
,
Y
u
e
C
.
P.
,
“
A
Fu
l
l
y
In
t
e
g
rat
e
d
IE
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
5
.
7
V
i
s
i
b
l
e
L
i
g
h
t
Co
mm
u
n
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i
o
n
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ran
s
mi
t
t
er
w
i
t
h
On
-
C
h
i
p
8
-
W
8
5
%
E
ffi
c
i
en
c
y
Bo
o
s
t
L
E
D
D
ri
v
er
,”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Li
g
h
t
wa
v
e
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
9
-
2
4
3
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
Pen
g
Y
.
,
W
a
n
g
S
.
M
.
,
L
i
R
.
X
.
,
L
i
H
.
,
Ch
en
g
H
.
,
Ch
en
M
.
X
.
,
L
i
u
S.
,
“
L
u
mi
n
o
u
s
eff
i
cacy
e
n
h
a
n
ce
men
t
o
f
u
l
t
ra
v
i
o
l
e
t
-
ex
c
i
t
e
d
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
em
i
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
t
h
ro
u
g
h
mu
l
t
i
l
ay
ered
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
l
as
s
,”
A
p
p
l
i
ed
O
p
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
1
8
,
p
p
.
4
9
3
3
-
4
9
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
T
an
g
Y
.
R
.
,
Z
h
o
u
S
.
M
.
,
Y
i
X
.
Z
.
,
L
i
n
H
.
,
Z
h
an
g
S
.
,
H
ao
D
.
M.
,
“
Mi
cro
s
t
r
u
ct
u
re
o
p
t
i
m
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
i
t
e
p
h
a
s
e
cerami
c
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fo
r
w
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
w
i
t
h
ex
c
el
l
en
t
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
effi
cac
y
,
”
O
p
t
i
cs
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
23
,
pp.
5
4
7
9
-
5
4
8
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
O
h
J
.
R
.
,
Ch
o
S
.
H
.
,
L
ee
Y
.
H
.
,
D
o
Y
.
R.
,
“
E
n
h
an
ce
d
fo
rw
ar
d
effi
ci
e
n
cy
o
f
Y
3
Al
5
O
1
2
:
Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fro
m
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
emi
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
b
l
u
e
-
p
as
s
y
e
l
l
o
w
-
ref
l
ect
i
o
n
fi
l
t
er
,”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
v
o
l
.
17
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
4
5
0
-
7
4
5
7
,
2
0
0
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
4
,
Augus
t
2020
:
2095
-
210
0
2100
[9
]
Y
o
u
J
.
P
.
,
T
ra
n
N
.
T
.
,
Sh
i
F
.
G.
,
“
L
i
g
h
t
e
x
t
rac
t
i
o
n
e
n
h
a
n
ced
w
h
i
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
em
i
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
es
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
-
l
ay
ere
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
u
rat
i
o
n
,”
O
p
t
i
c
s
E
xp
r
es
s
,
V
o
l
.
18
,
N
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
0
5
5
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5
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
N
i
zam
o
g
l
u
S
.
,
E
rd
em
T
.
,
Su
n
X
.
W
.
,
D
emi
r
H
.
V.
,
“
W
arm
-
w
h
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t
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l
i
g
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t
-
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t
t
i
n
g
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i
o
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es
i
n
t
eg
r
at
e
d
w
i
t
h
co
l
l
o
i
d
al
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
d
o
t
s
fo
r
h
i
g
h
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
eff
i
cacy
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
r
re
n
d
er
i
n
g
:
rep
l
y
t
o
c
o
mmen
t
,”
O
p
t
i
cs
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
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5
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p
p
.
2
8
5
2
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2
8
5
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
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