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as
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[
1
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Sp
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I
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10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2021
:
551
–
5
5
7
552
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eli
g
io
u
s
le
ad
er
s
an
d
r
eli
g
io
u
s
lead
er
s
w
h
o
m
t
h
e
p
atien
t
e
m
b
r
ac
e
s
.
Nu
r
s
e
s
ca
n
al
s
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
o
n
-
r
elig
io
u
s
i
n
ter
v
en
t
io
n
s
to
p
atien
t
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
en
tal
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
m
il
y
to
ac
co
m
p
an
y
,
co
m
m
u
n
icate
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
p
atien
t,
s
y
m
p
at
h
ize
w
it
h
th
e
p
atie
n
t
an
d
th
eir
f
a
m
il
y
,
p
a
y
atte
n
tio
n
,
an
d
h
a
v
e
a
s
in
ce
r
e
s
en
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t
[
1
1
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e,
n
u
r
s
es
h
a
v
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
a
n
ee
d
to
lear
n
h
o
w
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
I
n
te
g
r
a
tin
g
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
i
n
to
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
cu
r
r
ic
u
la
co
u
ld
m
ee
t
th
at
n
e
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
u
r
s
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
2
]
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
r
elate
d
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
a
n
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
ac
to
r
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
n
u
r
s
e
's
g
e
n
d
er
,
r
elig
io
n
,
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
,
ca
r
r
ier
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
el
to
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
a
lit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e
[
1
3
]
-
[
15]
.
Glo
b
all
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
v
al
u
ab
le
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
to
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
n
u
r
s
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
As
w
e
h
a
v
e
k
n
o
w
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
a
li
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
as
s
o
ciate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e
i
n
clin
ical
n
u
r
s
e
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n pro
ce
du
re
Af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
v
al,
elig
ib
le
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
in
ea
ch
d
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
w
er
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
p
u
ter
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
ex
p
lain
ed
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
b
en
ef
its
,
an
d
r
is
k
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
e
r
s
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
ex
p
lai
n
ed
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
a
m
ee
ti
n
g
w
it
h
n
u
r
s
es,
a
n
d
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
'
co
n
f
id
en
tia
li
t
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
er
m
its
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ato
r
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
leti
n
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
t
h
e
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
p
lace
d
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
in
a
s
ea
led
b
o
x
b
y
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es.
A
p
ar
ticip
an
t
r
etu
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
y
ag
r
ee
d
to
tak
e
p
ar
t in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
er
io
d
w
a
s
b
et
w
ee
n
a
u
g
u
s
t a
n
d
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
9
.
2
.
2
.
I
ns
t
ru
m
e
nt
s
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
es
co
n
s
i
s
ted
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
So
cio
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
;
th
e
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
an
d
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
(
SS
C
R
S).
So
cio
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
;
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
len
g
t
h
o
f
c
lin
ical
ex
p
er
ien
c
e
(
y
ea
r
s
)
,
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t,
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
les
s
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
n
u
r
s
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
c
ar
e
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
(
SS
C
R
S)
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
b
y
Mc
Sh
er
r
y
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
w
as
u
s
e
d
to
as
s
es
s
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
er
ce
p
tio
.
T
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
SS
C
R
S
w
as
ap
p
lied
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Her
lian
it
a
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
1
7
ite
m
s
,
f
iv
e
ite
m
s
(
a,
b
,
g
,
k
,
an
d
n
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e,
an
d
1
2
last
r
ep
r
esen
t sp
ir
it
u
alit
y
.
A
h
i
g
h
er
s
co
r
e
in
d
icate
s
a
g
r
ea
ter
l
ev
el
o
f
p
er
ce
iv
ed
s
p
ir
itu
ali
t
y
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
.
T
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
1
7
-
it
e
m
S
SC
R
S
w
a
s
a
n
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
(
P
C
A
)
w
it
h
v
ar
i
m
a
x
r
o
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
te
n
t
v
alid
it
y
i
n
d
ex
w
a
s
0
.
9
2
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
(
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
‟
s
a)
r
an
g
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
80
an
d
0
.
85
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
8
]
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
I
B
M
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
a
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
cial
s
cie
n
ce
(
SP
SS
)
f
o
r
W
in
d
o
w
s
,
v
er
s
io
n
.
2
5
.
0
(
I
B
M
C
o
r
p
.
A
r
m
o
n
k
,
NY)
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
d
ata.
De
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
ti
c
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
w
as d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
u
s
i
n
g
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
f
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
ical
d
ata
to
s
h
o
w
u
n
iv
ar
ia
te
an
a
l
y
s
is
a
s
a
g
e,
g
e
n
d
er
,
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
,
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
len
g
t
h
o
f
clin
ical
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
(
y
ea
r
s
)
,
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t,
an
d
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e
less
o
n
d
u
r
in
g
n
u
r
s
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
Ma
n
n
-
W
h
itn
e
y
test
w
as
u
s
ed
to
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ate
ass
o
ciate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
Statis
tical
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
w
as a
c
ce
p
ted
at
p
<0
.
0
5
.
2
.
4
.
E
t
hica
l c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
T
h
e
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
w
a
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
R
esear
ch
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
C
o
m
m
i
ttee
o
f
t
h
e
Ho
s
p
ital
(
No
.
0
2
6
/DI
KL
A
T
/R
S
AM
/I
X/2
0
1
9
)
.
P
er
m
i
s
s
io
n
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
“
R
u
m
ah
Sak
i
t
A
d
v
en
t
Me
d
an
”.
Nu
r
s
es
cli
n
ical
w
h
o
r
ef
u
s
ed
o
r
w
it
h
d
r
e
w
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
h
ad
n
o
p
en
alties.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ca
u
s
ed
n
o
p
h
y
s
ical
o
r
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
h
a
r
m
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.
I
SS
N:
2
252
-
8806
Th
e
s
p
ir
itu
a
lity a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
a
l c
a
r
e
o
f c
lin
ica
l n
u
r
s
es in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
R
o
s
n
a
n
cy
R
en
o
lita
S
i
n
a
g
)
553
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Dem
o
g
ra
ph
ic
cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
o
f
s
t
ud
y
pa
rt
icipa
nts
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
2
0
4
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
3
8
(
1
8
.
6
%)
w
er
e
m
ale,
an
d
1
6
6
(
8
1
.
4
%)
w
er
e
f
e
m
ale.
T
h
ey
w
er
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
2
7
-
3
5
y
ea
r
s
,
1
8
-
2
6
y
ea
r
s
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
4
5
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
n
u
r
s
e
s
‟
cl
in
i
c
s
w
it
h
m
ar
r
ied
s
tat
u
s
ar
e
6
5
.
2
%
m
ar
r
ia
g
e,
3
3
.
3
%
s
in
g
le,
an
d
1
.
5
%
d
iv
o
r
ce
.
T
h
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
ar
e
5
6
.
4
%
b
ac
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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P
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N:
2
252
-
8806
Th
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p
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is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
es
t
h
r
ee
d
o
m
ai
n
s
t
h
at
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
o
n
e‟
s
w
ell
-
b
ein
g
.
P
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lt
h
s
ta
tu
s
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
s
tat
u
s
w
h
er
e
d
is
ea
s
e
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
,
f
u
n
c
t
io
n
al
li
m
itat
io
n
,
an
d
p
ain
w
ill
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
v
er
all
h
ea
lt
h
[
2
5
]
-
[
27]
.
P
h
y
s
i
ca
l
h
ea
lt
h
ca
n
b
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
k
in
g
th
a
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
th
i
n
g
i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
h
ea
l
th
is
o
n
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ea
lt
h
a
n
d
a
lac
k
o
f
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
f
o
r
h
o
w
d
ir
ec
t
s
p
ir
itu
a
l
h
ea
lt
h
is
[
2
8
]
.
A
n
u
r
s
e
i
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
w
h
o
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
ep
ar
ed
an
d
g
i
v
en
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
r
e
i
n
g
en
er
al
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
en
t
d
is
ea
s
e.
N
u
r
s
es
ar
e
also
au
t
h
o
r
ized
to
ca
r
e
f
o
r
p
h
y
s
icall
y
a
n
d
m
en
ta
ll
y
s
ic
k
p
eo
p
le,
as
w
ell
a
s
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
d
is
ab
ili
ties
,
th
i
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ta
ted
b
y
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
C
o
u
n
cil
o
f
N
u
r
s
es.
I
t
h
as
also
b
ee
n
ad
v
is
ed
b
y
th
e
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
izatio
n
th
at
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical,
s
o
cial,
an
d
s
p
i
r
itu
al
w
ell
-
b
ein
g
o
f
p
atien
ts
i
s
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
t
h
an
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
p
atien
t
's
illn
e
s
s
[
2
9
]
,
[
30]
.
T
o
d
ay
,
s
p
ir
i
tu
al
ca
r
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
e
s
s
e
n
tial
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
ca
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
atien
ts
an
d
t
h
eir
f
a
m
ilies
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
n
u
r
s
es
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
ar
e
v
er
y
in
f
l
u
en
ci
n
g
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
n
u
r
s
es
i
n
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
to
p
atie
n
ts
.
S
o
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
p
ir
itu
al
it
y
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
n
u
r
s
es
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
al
it
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
n
u
r
s
es
w
h
o
h
ad
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
s
p
i
r
itu
alit
y
w
er
e
b
etter
ab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e
to
p
atien
ts
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
Sp
ir
itu
alit
y
h
as
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
s
tr
en
g
t
h
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
to
d
ev
elo
p
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
u
m
a
n
asp
ec
ts
[
3
5
]
.
W
e
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
th
a
t
t
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
w
a
s
d
er
iv
ed
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
tu
d
y
w
h
er
e
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
f
ac
e
co
v
id
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
w
a
s
l
i
m
it
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
m
o
r
e.
So
m
e
ess
e
n
tial
d
ata
h
ad
n
o
av
a
ila
b
le
at
b
aseli
n
e
a
s
r
elig
io
n
,
f
a
m
i
l
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
,
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
,
an
d
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
l
th
.
Lo
n
g
itu
d
i
n
al
r
es
ea
r
ch
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
m
o
r
e
v
ar
iab
les
to
f
in
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
co
n
clu
s
i
v
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
w
it
h
n
u
r
s
es
‟
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
s
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e
less
o
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
n
u
r
s
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
w
er
e
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
th
a
t
h
ad
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
w
it
h
s
p
ir
itu
ali
t
y
a
n
d
s
p
ir
it
u
al
ca
r
e.
T
h
e
h
ea
d
o
f
n
u
r
s
e
s
s
h
o
u
ld
p
a
y
atten
tio
n
to
th
ese
th
i
n
g
s
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ese
v
ar
iab
les
i
m
p
ac
ted
s
er
v
ice
ca
r
e
an
d
p
atien
ts
‟
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
.
P
r
o
v
id
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as tr
ain
i
n
g
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
est s
t
r
ateg
ies to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
s
p
ir
itu
alit
y
an
d
s
p
ir
itu
al
ca
r
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
V
il
la
n
i,
A
.
S
o
rg
e
n
te,
P
.
Ia
n
n
e
ll
o
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
n
to
n
ietti
,
“
T
h
e
Ro
le o
f
S
p
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Re
li
g
io
sity
in
S
u
b
jec
ti
v
e
W
e
ll
-
Be
in
g
o
f
In
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
W
it
h
Diffe
re
n
t
Re
li
g
io
u
s
S
tatu
s,”
Fro
n
t.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
11,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/f
p
sy
g
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
1
5
2
5
.
[2
]
R.
Ha
rra
d
,
C.
Co
se
n
ti
n
o
,
R.
Ke
a
sle
y
,
a
n
d
F
.
S
u
ll
a
,
“
S
p
iri
t
u
a
l
c
a
re
in
n
u
rsi
n
g
:
a
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
th
e
m
e
a
su
re
s
u
se
d
to
a
ss
e
ss
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
p
ro
v
isio
n
a
n
d
re
late
d
f
a
c
to
rs
a
m
o
n
g
st
n
u
rse
s,”
Acta
Bi
o
me
d
He
a
l.
Pro
f.
,
v
o
l.
9
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
4
-
5
5
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
3
7
5
0
/a
b
m
.
v
9
0
i4
-
S
.
8
3
0
0
.
[3
]
Q.
C.
M
sn
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
a
n
d
it
s
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
w
i
th
se
lf
-
e
ff
ic
a
c
y
:
A
n
o
n
li
n
e
su
rv
e
y
a
m
o
n
g
n
u
rse
s
in
m
a
in
lan
d
C
h
in
a
,
”
J
.
N
u
rs
.
M
a
n
a
g
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
-
3
3
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
jo
n
m
.
1
3
1
5
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2021
:
551
–
5
5
7
556
[4
]
S
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
H.
El
b
i,
A
.
C.
Ce
ti
n
k
a
y
a
,
S
.
A
lt
a
n
,
E.
Oz
a
n
,
a
n
d
E.
P
ir
in
c
c
i,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
th
a
t
p
re
d
ict
th
e
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
o
f
n
u
rse
s
w
o
rk
in
g
in
h
ig
h
‐
risk
u
n
it
s
a
n
d
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
d
e
a
th
a
n
x
iet
y
,
”
Per
sp
e
c
t.
Psy
c
h
ia
tr.
C
a
re
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
p
p
c
.
1
2
6
5
1
.
[5
]
N.
A
k
a
n
se
l
a
n
d
R.
W
a
tso
n
,
“
Nu
r
se
s
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
c
a
rin
g
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
in
n
u
rsi
n
g
,
”
Nu
rs
.
O
p
e
n
,
v
o
l.
0
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/n
o
p
2
.
6
5
3
.
[6
]
I.
De
Ba
rb
ieri
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
-
b
a
se
d
c
a
re
m
o
d
e
l
in
p
a
e
d
iatri
c
s
:
A
ra
n
d
o
m
ize
d
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
tri
a
l
t
o
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
p
a
re
n
ts
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
a
l
it
y
o
f
n
u
rsin
g
c
a
re
,
”
J
.
Ad
v
.
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
7
-
3
6
0
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
jan
.
1
4
5
8
5
.
[7
]
A
.
F
.
Rn
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Nu
rse
s
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
im
p
li
c
it
n
u
rsin
g
c
a
re
r
a
ti
o
n
i
n
g
in
Cro
a
ti
a
-
A
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
ice
n
tre
stu
d
y
,
”
J
.
Nu
rs
.
M
a
n
a
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/j
o
n
m
.
1
3
0
0
2
.
[8
]
M
.
R.
Rn
a
n
d
D.
Ca
re
,
“
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s o
f
in
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
a
n
d
n
u
rse
s t
o
w
a
r
d
s th
e
im
p
o
rtan
c
e
o
f
n
u
rse
s
‟
c
a
rin
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
rs i
n
re
h
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
:
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Nu
rs
.
Pr
a
c
t.
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/i
jn
.
1
2
8
3
5
.
[9
]
R.
V
a
n
L
e
e
u
w
e
n
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
o
n
se
n
su
s
-
b
a
se
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
sta
n
d
a
rd
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
t
e
n
u
rsin
g
a
n
d
m
id
w
i
f
e
r
y
st
u
d
e
n
ts:
A
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
m
i
x
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
stu
d
y
,
”
J
AN
-
L
e
a
d
.
Glo
b
.
Nu
rs
.
R
e
s.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/j
a
n
.
1
4
6
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Y.
Hé
li
o
t,
C.
Ro
j
o
n
,
I.
H.
G
leib
s,
A
.
Co
y
le,
a
n
d
D.
M
.
R
o
u
s
se
a
u
,
“
Re
li
g
io
u
s
i
d
e
n
ti
ty
in
th
e
w
o
rk
p
lac
e
:
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
re
v
ie
w
,
re
s
e
a
rc
h
a
g
e
n
d
a
,
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
Hu
m
.
Res
o
u
r
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
h
rm
.
2
1
9
8
3
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Re
ime
r
a
n
d
K.
Rn
,
“
Co
m
p
li
c
a
t
in
g
n
u
rsin
g
‟s
v
iew
s
o
n
re
li
g
io
n
a
n
d
p
o
li
ti
c
s
in
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
,
”
Nu
rs
.
Ph
il
o
s
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
. 1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/n
u
p
.
1
2
2
8
2
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Hs
ieh
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
a
ss
o
c
ia
ted
w
it
h
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
ies
in
T
a
i
w
a
n
‟s
c
li
n
ica
l
n
u
rse
s
:
A
d
e
sc
rip
ti
v
e
c
o
rre
latio
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
,
”
J
.
Cli
n
.
N
u
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
9
-
1
6
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/j
o
c
n
.
1
5
1
4
1
.
[1
3
]
K
.
L
.
Co
o
p
e
r,
L
.
L
u
c
k
,
E.
Ch
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
K.
Dix
o
n
,
“
W
h
a
t
is
t
h
e
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
o
f
sp
iri
t
u
a
l
c
a
re
?
A
c
r
it
ica
l
d
isc
o
u
rse
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
re
g
istere
d
n
u
rse
s‟
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
,
”
N
u
rs
.
In
q
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
n
i
n
.
1
2
3
8
5
.
[1
4
]
S
.
G
a
u
ta
m
,
S
.
Ne
v
il
le,
a
n
d
J.
M
o
n
tay
re
,
“
W
h
a
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
in
o
l
d
e
r
a
d
u
l
ts
li
v
in
g
in
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
c
a
re
f
a
c
il
it
ies
?
A
n
In
teg
r
a
ti
v
e
re
v
ie
w
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Old
e
r
Peo
p
le
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
o
p
n
.
1
2
2
2
8
.
[1
5
]
B.
W
.
K.
Ch
e
w
,
L
.
H.
T
ie
w
,
a
n
d
D.
K.
Cre
e
d
y
,
“
A
c
u
te
c
a
re
n
u
rse
s
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
:
a
n
e
x
p
lo
ra
t
o
ry
stu
d
y
in
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
re
,
”
J
.
Cli
n
.
Nu
rs
.
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/j
o
c
n
.
1
3
2
9
0
.
[1
6
]
M
c
S
h
e
rry
,
a
n
d
Ja
m
ie
so
n
,
“
A
n
o
n
li
n
e
su
rv
e
y
o
f
n
u
rse
s'
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Cli
n
ica
l
Nu
rs
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
20
,
p
p
.
1
7
5
7
-
1
7
6
7
,
2
0
11
.
[1
7
]
R.
He
rli
a
n
it
a
,
M
.
Ye
n
,
S
.
J.
F
e
tz
e
r,
a
n
d
E.
C.
L
in
,
“
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
S
p
iri
t
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
Ca
re
a
m
o
n
g
M
u
slim
Nu
rse
s in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
J
.
Relig
.
He
a
lt
h
,
vo
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
2
-
7
7
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
0
9
4
3
-
0
1
7
-
0
4
3
7
-
6.
[1
8
]
M
.
F
.
Kh
o
sh
k
n
a
b
,
M
.
M
a
z
a
h
e
ri,
S
.
S
.
B.
M
a
d
d
a
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ra
h
g
o
z
a
r,
“
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Re
li
a
b
il
i
ty
Tes
t
o
f
P
e
rsia
n
V
e
rsio
n
o
f
T
h
e
S
p
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
Ca
re
Ra
ti
n
g
S
c
a
le
(S
S
CR
S
),
”
J
.
Cli
n
.
N
u
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
9
3
9
-
2
9
4
1
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
j.
1
3
6
5
-
2
7
0
2
.
2
0
1
0
.
0
3
4
1
1
.
x
.
[1
9
]
Z.
A
.
Ş
a
h
in
a
n
d
F
.
K
.
Öz
d
e
m
ir
,
“
S
p
iri
t
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
t
u
a
l
c
a
re
:
a
d
e
sc
rip
ti
v
e
su
rv
e
y
o
f
n
u
rsin
g
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
in
T
u
rk
e
y
,
”
Co
n
tem
p
.
N
u
rs
e
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
5
4
-
4
6
1
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
0
3
7
6
1
7
8
.
2
0
1
6
.
1
2
2
1
3
2
4
.
[2
0
]
G
.
A
h
m
a
d
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Nu
rse
s
‟
P
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
S
p
iri
t
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
Ca
re
G
iv
in
g
:
A
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
S
tu
d
y
Am
o
n
g
A
ll
He
a
lt
h
Ca
re
S
e
c
to
rs
in
Jo
rd
a
n
,
”
In
d
ia
n
J
.
Pa
ll
i
a
t.
Ca
re
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
4
9
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
1
0
3
/
0
9
7
3
-
1
0
7
5
.
1
7
3
9
4
9
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Ba
lb
o
n
i
a
n
d
J.
P
e
tee
t,
“
T
h
e
Re
latio
n
sh
ip
b
e
tw
e
e
n
M
e
d
icin
e
,
S
p
iri
t
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Re
li
g
io
n
:
T
h
re
e
M
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
T
h
e
Re
latio
n
sh
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
M
e
d
icin
e
,
S
p
ir
it
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Re
li
g
io
n
:
T
h
re
e
M
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
J
Reli
.
He
a
l
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
6
-
1
5
9
8
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
0
9
4
3
-
0
1
4
-
9
9
0
1
-
8.
[2
2
]
F
.
Oz
b
a
sa
ra
n
,
S
.
Erg
u
l
,
A
.
B.
T
e
m
e
l,
G
.
G
.
A
sla
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
Co
b
a
n
,
“
T
u
rk
ish
n
u
rse
s
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
T
u
rk
ish
n
u
rse
s
‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
,
”
J
.
Cli
n
.
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
j.
1
3
6
5
-
2
7
0
2
.
2
0
1
1
.
0
3
7
7
8
.
x
.
[2
3
]
M
.
A
.
A
tarh
i
m
,
S
.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
B.
Co
p
n
e
ll
,
“
A
n
Ex
p
lo
ra
to
ry
S
tu
d
y
o
f
S
p
iri
t
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
Ca
re
Am
o
n
g
M
a
la
y
sia
n
Nu
rse
s,”
J
.
Relig
.
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
-
1
9
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s1
0
9
4
3
-
0
1
8
-
0
6
2
4
-
0.
[2
4
]
K.
a
F
ra
ss
a
n
d
H.
A
l
Ha
ra
z
i,
“
Ou
tco
m
e
o
f
v
a
g
in
a
l
b
irt
h
a
f
ter
c
a
e
s
a
re
a
n
se
c
ti
o
n
in
w
o
m
e
n
w
it
h
o
n
e
p
re
v
io
u
s
se
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
sp
o
n
ta
n
e
o
u
s
o
n
se
t
o
f
lab
o
u
r
.
,
”
Emh
j
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
6
4
6
-
5
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
5
]
A.
Bo
ż
e
k
,
P
.
F
.
No
w
a
k
,
a
n
d
M
.
Blu
k
a
c
z
,
“
T
h
e
R
e
latio
n
sh
ip
Be
t
w
e
e
n
S
p
iri
tu
a
li
ty
,
He
a
lt
h
-
Re
late
d
Be
h
a
v
io
r,
a
n
d
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
W
e
ll
-
Be
in
g
,
”
Fro
n
t.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
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6
]
A
.
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h
a
d
e
ri,
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.
M
.
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a
b
a
tab
a
e
i,
S
.
Ne
d
ja
t,
M
.
Ja
v
a
d
i,
a
n
d
B.
L
a
rij
a
n
i,
“
Ex
p
lan
a
t
o
ry
d
e
f
in
it
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o
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th
e
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n
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t
o
f
sp
iri
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l
h
e
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lt
h
:
A
q
u
a
li
tativ
e
stu
d
y
in
Ira
n
,
”
J
.
M
e
d
.
Et
h
ics
Hist.
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e
d
.
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l.
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.
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.
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[2
7
]
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.
Na
g
a
s
e
,
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e
s
a
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u
lt
i
-
Dim
e
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l
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n
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e
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t
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lt
h
In
c
lu
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e
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p
iri
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n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Ja
p
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n
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c
ien
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e
Co
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n
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il
‟s
Disc
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ss
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s
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„De
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in
it
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f
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a
lt
h
‟
(1
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9
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),
”
I
n
t.
J
.
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p
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l.
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[2
8
]
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.
R.
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tali,
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n
d
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.
A
.
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n
w
a
r,
“
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lt
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e
rly
re
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e
ss
in
f
a
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e
a
th
,
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l
.
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,
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.
[2
9
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d
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,
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.
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b
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h
a
h
e
e
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
l
-
T
a
n
n
ir,
“
Nu
rse
s‟
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
sp
iri
t
u
a
l
c
a
re
a
t
f
iv
e
tertiar
y
c
a
r
e
h
o
sp
it
a
ls
in
Riy
a
d
h
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia:
A
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
stu
d
y
,
”
Om
a
n
M
e
d
.
J
.
,
v
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l.
3
3
,
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o
.
2
,
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1
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2
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.
[3
0
]
N.
Co
c
k
e
ll
a
n
d
W
.
M
c
s
h
e
rry
,
“
S
p
iri
tu
a
l
c
a
re
in
n
u
rsi
n
g
:
A
n
o
v
e
rv
iew
o
f
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
J
.
Nu
rs
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t.
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.
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2
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P
.
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.
Vig
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De
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,
a
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d
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R.
L
.
F
u
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is,
“
S
p
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e
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,
”
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Pa
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re
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2
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G
.
D.
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in
k
e
,
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.
Bo
rc
h
e
rt,
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.
Yo
u
n
g
,
a
n
d
E.
W
a
g
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e
r
,
“
Qu
a
li
ty
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f
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p
iri
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l
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re
a
t
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En
d
o
f
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:
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t
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e
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a
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ts
f
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On
e
,
”
J
.
He
a
lt
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Ca
re
Ch
a
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in
.
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[3
3
]
M
.
Ne
a
th
e
ry
,
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J.
T
a
y
lo
r,
a
n
d
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He
,
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e
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c
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m
e
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tal
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e
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lt
h
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u
rse
s,”
Arc
h
.
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c
h
i
a
tr.
N
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rs
.
,
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3
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.
[3
4
]
M
.
Ne
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th
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ry
,
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,
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T
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y
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r,
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n
d
B.
De
a
l,
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S
p
iri
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u
a
l
P
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e
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s,
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p
iri
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l
Ca
re
,
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n
d
Kn
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y
Am
o
n
g
P
sy
c
h
iatric
M
e
n
tal
He
a
lt
h
Nu
rse
s,”
J
.
Am.
Psy
c
h
i
a
tr.
N
u
rs
e
s
Asso
c
.
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4
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.
[3
5
]
A
.
Ko
r,
S
.
P
ir
u
ti
n
sk
y
,
M
.
M
ik
u
li
n
c
e
r,
A
.
S
h
o
sh
a
n
i,
a
n
d
L
.
M
i
ll
e
r,
“
A
lo
n
g
it
u
d
i
n
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l
stu
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y
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f
sp
iri
tu
a
li
ty
,
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
stre
n
g
th
s,
su
b
jec
ti
v
e
w
e
ll
-
b
e
in
g
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
so
c
ialit
y
in
m
id
d
le
sc
h
o
o
l
a
d
o
les
c
e
n
ts,
”
Fro
n
t.
Psy
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
F
EB
,
p
p
.
1
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1
2
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/f
p
sy
g
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
0
3
7
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.