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Vo
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5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
4
3
3
~
43
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I
SS
N:
2252
-
8806
433
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[
4
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8806
I
J
P
HS
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
1
6
:
4
3
3
–
43
6
434
P
r
ev
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u
s
s
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R
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m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
n
s
o
lv
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
i
n
s
o
ciet
y
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
d
en
g
u
e
f
ev
er
[
6
]
.
Villag
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
o
f
f
icer
i
s
a
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
s
u
s
t
ain
i
n
g
a
n
y
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
to
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
w
as
ai
m
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
en
es
s
o
f
v
illa
g
e
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
o
f
f
icer
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ch
an
g
e
i
n
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
b
ased
d
en
g
u
e
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
R
esear
ch
w
as
u
s
ed
q
u
a
s
i
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
w
it
h
p
r
e
te
s
t
-
p
o
s
t
t
est
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
d
es
ig
n
.
Su
r
v
eilla
n
ce
o
f
f
icer
w
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
as
1
8
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
o
f
f
ice
r
in
lo
ca
l
ar
ea
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
:
d
en
g
u
e
h
ae
m
o
r
r
h
ag
ic
f
ev
er
:
s
ig
n
s
o
r
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
m
o
d
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
s
u
r
v
e
y
l
ar
v
ae
.
T
h
r
ee
d
ay
s
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
1
8
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
(
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
o
f
f
icer
s
)
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
ter
v
en
t
io
n
in
cl
u
d
ed
d
en
g
u
e
d
is
ea
s
e
n
atu
r
al
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e,
p
r
e
v
en
t
io
n
o
f
d
e
n
g
u
e,
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
o
f
d
en
g
u
e
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
,
tr
ain
i
n
g
o
f
tr
ain
er
f
o
r
d
en
g
u
e
to
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
,
lar
v
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
an
d
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
Sa
m
p
le
w
a
s
co
llected
f
r
o
m
6
v
illa
g
e
s
;
s
a
m
p
le
v
il
lag
e
w
a
s
c
o
llected
w
it
h
cl
u
s
ter
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
Su
c
h
as
v
i
llag
e
w
er
e
co
llecte
d
3
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
o
f
f
icer
.
R
o
le
o
f
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
f
o
r
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
f
o
r
ar
o
u
n
d
ar
ea
s
o
f
v
illa
g
e.
Data
w
as
co
llected
w
ith
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
to
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
d
i
v
id
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
,
attitu
d
e,
b
eh
av
io
r
,
s
an
itatio
n
an
d
lar
v
a
in
d
ex
.
Data
s
h
o
w
n
w
it
h
tab
le,
f
ig
u
r
e
an
d
n
ar
r
atio
n
.
Data
w
er
e
an
al
y
ze
d
w
it
h
p
air
ed
t
test
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
t
test
an
d
p
ath
w
a
y
an
al
y
ze
d
w
ith
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
lev
el
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
a
l.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
v
illa
g
e
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
o
f
f
icer
f
o
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
a
ttit
u
d
e,
b
eh
av
io
u
r
,
s
an
ita
tio
n
an
d
lar
v
a
in
d
ex
,
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
w
as
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
th
er
e
w
as
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
e
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
at
tit
u
d
es,
b
eh
av
io
r
,
s
an
i
tar
y
a
n
d
lar
v
a
in
d
ex
ca
n
b
e
j
u
d
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
>
0
.
0
5
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dif
f
er
en
ce
s
Kn
o
w
led
g
e,
A
ttit
u
d
e,
B
eh
av
io
r
,
San
i
tat
io
n
an
d
L
ar
v
a
I
n
d
ex
b
et
w
ee
n
P
r
e
an
d
P
o
s
t
Te
s
t
f
o
r
C
o
n
tr
o
l G
r
o
u
p
No
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
Gr
o
u
p
P
Pre
P
o
st
1
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
5
8
.
2
9
±
1
2
.
0
5
7
.
2
2
±
1
1
.
7
0
.
0
7
2
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
5
3
.
9
4
±
1
4
.
7
4
5
3
.
2
2
±
1
4
.
3
9
0
.
2
5
3
3
A
c
t
i
o
n
2
3
.
8
4
±
2
7
.
1
1
2
4
.
6
1
±
2
7
.
1
3
0
.
5
2
9
4
S
a
n
i
t
a
r
y
5
2
.
6
3
±
1
4
.
2
3
5
2
.
5
2
±
1
3
.
2
1
0
.
9
1
0
5
C
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
I
n
d
e
x
4
5
.
8
2
±
2
6
.
0
1
4
6
.
4
7
±
2
3
.
7
7
0
.
6
9
6
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
2
w
as
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
I
n
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
g
r
o
u
p
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
ac
tio
n
s
,
s
a
n
itar
y
an
d
C
I
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Dif
f
er
en
ce
s
Kn
o
w
led
g
e,
A
ttit
u
d
e,
B
eh
av
io
r
,
San
i
tat
io
n
an
d
L
ar
v
a
I
n
d
ex
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
t te
s
t
f
o
r
I
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
Gr
o
up
No
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
n
t
e
r
v
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n
t
i
o
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G
r
o
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p
P
B
e
f
o
r
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A
f
t
e
r
1
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
5
7
.
4
7
±
1
1
.
6
6
6
7
.
8
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1
.
3
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A
t
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5
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7
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a
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5
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7
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2
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0
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C
o
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t
a
i
n
e
r
I
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d
e
x
4
4
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7
7
±
2
6
.
5
7
3
9
.
0
5
±
2
2
.
4
2
0
.
0
0
0
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P
ath
an
al
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s
is
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
co
n
tain
er
in
d
e
x
,
s
u
c
h
as
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
atti
tu
d
e,
ac
tio
n
,
s
an
itar
y
,
an
d
co
n
tai
n
er
i
n
d
ex
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lted
t
h
at
th
e
v
il
lag
e
s
u
r
v
eil
lan
c
e
o
f
f
icer
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
(
t
=
-
5
.
4
7
)
,
attitu
d
e
s
(
-
7
.
9
1
)
,
ac
tio
n
s
(
-
9
.
7
2
)
,
s
an
itatio
n
(
-
2
.
3
9
)
an
d
co
n
tain
er
in
d
e
x
(
-
1
.
9
8
)
.
B
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
at
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
th
e
i
n
ter
v
en
t
io
n
i
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
co
n
tai
n
er
i
n
d
ex
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ac
tio
n
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
3
.
1
.
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
B
ased
o
n
an
al
y
ze
d
w
as
p
er
f
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itu
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ca
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b
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v
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m
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atio
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f
i
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m
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is
te
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t
w
i
th
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
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y
th
a
t
[
7
]
f
o
u
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a
m
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to
d
if
f
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ce
s
b
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8
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1
)
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p
(
6
.
9
4
)
.
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s
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tu
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y
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n
g
B
r
az
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s
h
o
w
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at
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ar
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ica
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0
2
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.
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h
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n
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itio
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n
d
i
n
g
co
m
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to
tak
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ac
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[
8
]
.
P
r
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s
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t
u
d
y
w
as
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v
ie
w
ed
j
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en
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[
9
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.
P
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ased
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0
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8
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.
P
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t
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y
s
h
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w
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Op
in
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C
ap
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ar
a
et
al
[
8
]
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
p
ar
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n
v
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to
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co
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t
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A
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a
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pt
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[
8
]
.
A
p
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w
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8806
I
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Vo
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5
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No
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4
,
Dec
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b
er
20
1
6
:
4
3
3
–
43
6
436
P
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
s
tated
t
h
at
s
u
r
v
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n
ce
i
s
b
ased
o
n
s
ig
n
s
an
d
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
ed
ited
as
s
o
o
n
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
,
it
is
v
er
y
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
i
n
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
,
an
d
ti
m
el
y
p
r
e
v
en
t
io
n
ef
f
o
r
t
s
[
1
1
]
.
Su
r
v
eillan
ce
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
i
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p
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v
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y
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o
r
ted
b
y
a
s
u
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lan
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f
f
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[
1
2
]
.
4.
CO
NCL
U
SI
O
N
A
p
p
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o
p
r
iate
s
u
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v
e
illa
n
ce
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s
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i
s
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e
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v
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Villag
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s
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o
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f
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y
f
o
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co
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g
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o
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f
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p
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ten
tia
l
f
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e
d
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e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
HO
,
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S
it
u
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o
f
De
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/De
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Ha
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Re
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e
n
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
S
tatu
s
i
n
S
EA
Co
u
n
tri
e
s
,
”
2
0
0
6
.
[2
]
In
d
o
n
e
sia
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
F
u
tu
re
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
h
e
a
lt
h
P
ro
m
o
ti
o
n
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
He
a
lt
h
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
th
e
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
A
.
S
u
m
a
n
tri
,
“
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Ba
se
d
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
o
n
T
h
e
D
e
n
g
u
e
He
m
o
rrh
a
g
ic
F
e
v
e
r
Diss
e
m
in
a
ti
o
n
in
T
h
e
DK
I
Ja
k
a
rta P
ro
v
in
c
e
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Na
tu
r
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
3
)
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
H.
Na
d
e
su
l,
“
Eas
y
W
a
y
s to
Be
a
t
De
n
g
u
e
,”
Ja
k
a
rta
,
Co
m
p
a
ss
Bo
o
k
P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs
,
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
J.
H.
Da
lt
o
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
m
u
n
it
y
P
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
:
L
in
k
in
g
In
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
,”
A
u
stra
li
a
,
Wa
d
sw
o
rth
,
2
0
0
1
.
[6
]
M.
Eri
k
ss
o
n
,
“
S
o
c
ial
Ca
p
it
a
l,
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
A
c
ti
o
n
–
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
He
a
lt
h
P
ro
m
o
ti
o
n
,”
S
w
e
d
e
n
,
Um
e
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
2
0
1
0
.
[7
]
C.
Ba
ss
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
d
e
n
g
u
e
f
e
v
e
r
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
t
h
ro
u
g
h
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
in
t
h
e
c
it
y
o
f
S
a
lt
o
,
Uru
g
u
a
y
,
”
T
ra
n
s R
S
o
c
T
r
o
p
M
e
d
Hy
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
–
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
A
.
C
a
p
ra
ra
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
En
to
m
o
lo
g
ica
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
so
c
ial
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
ti
o
n
in
d
e
n
g
u
e
c
o
n
tro
l:
a
c
lu
ste
r
ra
n
d
o
m
ize
d
tri
a
l
in
F
o
rtale
z
a
,
”
Bra
zil
T
ra
n
s R
S
o
c
T
ro
p
M
e
d
Hy
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
99
–
1
0
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
L
.
R.
F
e
ld
ste
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
n
g
u
e
o
n
islan
d
s:
a
Ba
y
e
sia
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
g
lo
b
a
l
e
c
o
lo
g
y
o
f
d
e
n
g
u
e
v
iru
se
s
,”
T
ra
n
s R
S
o
c
T
r
o
p
M
e
d
H
y
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
3
0
3
–
3
1
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
K.
M
.
F
o
ste
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
p
a
rti
c
ip
a
to
ry
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
m
o
b
il
iza
ti
o
n
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
to
im
p
ro
v
e
d
e
n
g
u
e
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
:
a
n
eco
-
b
io
-
so
c
ial
sc
a
li
n
g
u
p
o
f
lo
c
a
l
su
c
c
e
ss
in
M
a
c
h
a
la,
Ecu
a
d
o
r,
”
T
ra
n
s R
S
o
c
T
ro
p
M
e
d
Hy
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
–
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
P.
Ya
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
P
u
b
l
ic
He
a
lt
h
S
y
n
d
ro
m
ic
S
u
rv
e
il
lan
c
e
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
A
ri
z
o
n
a
,
T
u
c
so
n
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
2
]
L
.
Jo
ss
e
ra
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
a
s
y
n
d
ro
m
ic
su
rv
e
il
lan
c
e
s
y
ste
m
d
u
rin
g
a
h
e
a
t
w
a
v
e
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Dise
a
se
S
u
rv
e
il
la
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
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