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The ef
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C
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Yu
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Yu
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Dep
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tm
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Mid
wif
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Po
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d
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ail: y
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s
tiar
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0
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g
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co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
o
m
en
ex
p
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ce
p
s
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c
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d
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p
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an
cy
an
d
ch
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b
ir
th
,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
e
s
tr
ess
[
1
]
.
W
o
m
en
'
s
an
x
iety
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
lab
o
r
b
eg
in
s
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wh
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h
as
a
n
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ativ
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im
p
ac
t
o
n
m
o
t
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er
s
an
d
n
ewb
o
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n
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
in
ci
d
e
n
ce
o
f
an
x
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in
p
r
eg
n
a
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(
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wo
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en
ex
p
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ien
cin
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x
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is
m
u
ch
h
ig
h
er
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
an
x
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d
u
r
i
n
g
lab
o
r
ca
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lea
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to
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lab
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r
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d
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cr
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ee
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r
m
ed
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u
ch
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s
.
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t
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f
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h
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ar
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p
r
o
v
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ess
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d
m
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ag
e
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n
x
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t w
o
m
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t
o
en
s
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e
a
p
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s
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ir
th
in
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e
x
p
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ce
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tim
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u
tco
m
es f
o
r
b
o
t
h
m
o
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er
an
d
b
a
b
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
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al
d
a
n
g
er
s
o
f
h
ig
h
lev
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o
f
s
tr
ess
in
m
o
th
er
s
g
iv
in
g
b
ir
t
h
in
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
h
ase,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
em
atu
r
e
b
ir
th
,
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t
[
3
]
,
o
b
esit
y
,
m
etab
o
lic
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
illn
ess
es
an
d
an
tib
io
tic
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
[
4
]
.
Stre
s
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
is
also
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
with
u
n
h
ea
lth
y
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
[
5
]
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t
[
6
]
,
s
h
o
r
te
r
g
estatio
n
al
ag
e
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
ex
p
ec
tan
t
m
o
th
e
r
s
to
p
r
io
r
itize
s
tr
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t te
c
h
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
s
ee
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
m
in
im
ize
t
h
ese
p
o
ten
tial r
is
k
s
[
9
]
.
Mo
s
t
r
elax
an
ts
an
d
an
tid
ep
r
es
s
an
ts
cr
o
s
s
th
e
p
lace
n
tal
b
ar
r
i
er
an
d
h
a
v
e
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
th
e
f
etu
s
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
e
s
tab
lis
h
alter
n
ativ
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n
o
n
-
p
h
ar
m
ac
eu
tical
in
ter
v
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tio
n
s
to
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e
d
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an
x
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am
o
n
g
p
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a
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t
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[
1
0
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.
T
h
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m
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t
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s
y
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tem
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ev
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ased
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ca
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
0
6
Th
e
effec
t o
f m
u
r
o
tta
l A
l
-
Qu
r
a
n
th
era
p
y
o
n
p
a
in
in
te
n
s
ity
a
n
d
o
xy
g
en
s
a
tu
r
a
tio
n
i
n
…
(
Yu
s
tia
r
i Yu
s
t
ia
r
i)
1835
an
x
iety
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ev
id
en
ce
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
m
u
s
ical
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
lab
o
r
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
an
x
iety
is
in
co
n
clu
s
iv
e.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
th
at
m
u
s
ic
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
s
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
a
n
x
iety
an
d
p
ain
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
late
n
t p
h
ase
o
f
la
b
o
r
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Mu
r
o
tta
l
is
a
v
o
ice
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
Al
Qu
r
an
s
u
n
g
b
y
a
q
o
r
i
(
r
ea
d
er
o
f
th
e
Al
-
Qu
r
an
)
[
1
5
]
.
Mu
r
o
tta
l
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
m
u
s
ic
th
at
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
on
lis
ten
er
s
[
1
6
]
.
L
is
ten
to
t
h
e
v
er
s
es
o
f
th
e
Al
-
Qu
r
an
wh
ich
if
r
ea
d
tar
til
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tly
,
will
b
r
in
g
p
ea
c
e
to
th
e
s
o
u
l.
T
h
e
c
h
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tin
g
o
f
th
e
v
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s
es
o
f
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Al
-
Qu
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p
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s
ically
co
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s
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u
m
a
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wh
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s
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h
ea
lin
g
in
s
tr
u
m
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t
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d
to
o
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ea
ch
a
b
le.
So
u
n
d
ca
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e
d
u
ce
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tr
ess
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o
r
m
o
n
es,
ac
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th
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Natu
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in
h
o
r
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o
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e,
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n
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s
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ee
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o
f
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elax
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d
im
p
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o
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tem
'
s
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e
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l
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p
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g
,
h
ea
r
t r
ate,
p
u
ls
e
,
an
d
b
r
ain
wa
v
e
ac
tiv
ity
[
1
7
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
p
h
ar
m
ac
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
th
er
ap
ies
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ain
is
d
is
tr
ac
tio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
u
s
in
g
th
e
h
o
ly
v
er
s
es
o
f
th
e
Al
-
Qu
r
an
,
wh
ich
ca
n
s
tim
u
late
d
elta
wav
es
th
at
ca
u
s
e
th
e
lis
ten
er
to
b
e
i
n
a
ca
lm
,
p
ea
ce
f
u
l,
a
n
d
c
o
m
f
o
r
tab
le
s
tate
[
1
8
]
.
R
elax
atio
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
ed
with
th
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
f
aith
ca
n
cr
ea
te
s
tr
en
g
th
f
r
o
m
with
in
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
r
elax
b
y
an
alo
g
izin
g
th
at
r
ea
d
in
g
th
e
Al
-
Qu
r
an
h
as
a
s
lo
w,
r
eg
u
lar
,
an
d
g
en
tle
tem
p
o
a
n
d
ca
n
also
b
e
a
f
ac
to
r
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
r
elig
io
u
s
b
elief
,
s
o
it
is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
lis
ten
in
g
to
Al
-
Qu
r
an
r
ec
itatio
n
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
r
elax
atio
n
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
r
esear
c
h
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
Al
-
Qu
r
an
as
a
th
e
r
ap
eu
tic
alter
n
ativ
e
f
o
r
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
th
e
em
o
tio
n
s
o
f
p
r
e
g
n
an
t
wo
m
en
is
an
in
itial
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
t
h
a
t
i
t
u
t
i
li
z
e
d
Al
-
Q
u
r
a
n
t
h
e
r
a
p
y
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
t
r
e
s
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
an
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
p
a
i
n
i
n
t
e
n
s
it
y
a
n
d
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
in
p
r
eg
n
a
n
t
wo
m
en
.
T
h
is
h
as
n
o
t
b
ee
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
r
e
p
o
r
ted
b
y
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
m
u
s
ic
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
r
esear
ch
ed
a
n
d
h
as
s
h
o
wn
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
tak
en
th
e
i
n
itiativ
e
to
u
s
e
m
u
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
to
h
av
e
a
r
elax
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
t o
n
p
r
eg
n
an
t w
o
m
en
,
s
o
th
at
it c
an
in
c
r
ea
s
e
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
p
ain
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
with
a
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
an
d
a
p
r
e
-
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
u
s
in
g
a
o
n
e
-
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
et
est
-
p
o
s
ttes
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
th
is
d
esig
n
,
a
p
r
e
-
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
ef
o
r
e
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t,
an
d
a
p
o
s
t
-
test
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
af
ter
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
at
th
e
Ke
n
d
ar
i
C
ity
Ho
s
p
ital.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
m
o
th
er
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase,
to
talin
g
3
0
p
r
eg
n
an
t
wo
m
en
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
as
a
t
o
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
th
is
tak
en
i
n
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
t
h
er
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
was o
n
ly
3
0
.
So
,
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
tak
en
as
a
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
ch
ec
k
lis
t.
Gr
o
u
p
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
a
to
tal
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
r
esu
lts
o
n
n
o
r
m
al
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
at
u
r
atio
n
:
95
–
1
0
0
%
L
o
w
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
:
b
elo
w
9
5
%,
T
h
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
p
ain
f
elt
b
y
th
e
m
o
th
er
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
o
u
r
b
a
n
n
is
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
ca
le,
Face
s
R
atin
g
Scala
with
m
ild
p
ain
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
r
esu
lts
(
1
-
3
)
,
m
o
d
e
r
ate
p
ai
n
(
4
-
6
)
,
s
ev
e
r
e
p
ain
(7
-
9
)
,
v
er
y
s
ev
er
e
p
ain
(
1
0
)
,
Stag
e
I
o
f
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
b
e
g
in
s
with
o
p
en
in
g
th
e
ce
r
v
ix
4
cm
to
1
0
cm
,
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
v
a
g
in
al
tu
b
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
d
ex
f
in
g
e
r
an
d
m
id
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le
f
in
g
er
in
s
er
ted
in
to
t
h
e
v
ag
in
a
to
ass
es
s
th
e
o
p
en
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
ce
r
v
ix
b
y
th
e
m
id
wif
e,
an
d
t
h
er
ap
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
lis
ten
in
g
to
th
e
m
u
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
Su
r
ah
Ar
r
a
h
m
an
v
er
s
es
1
-
7
8
r
ea
d
b
y
Sy
ed
Sad
aq
at
Ali
u
n
til
th
e
v
er
s
e
was
f
in
is
h
e
d
f
o
r
2
5
m
in
u
tes
was
u
s
in
g
an
ADVA
NC
E
DUO
-
0
4
b
r
an
d
d
ig
ital p
lay
er
an
d
MD
-
1
ea
r
p
h
o
n
es with
a
s
o
u
n
d
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
5
.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
lv
e
d
t
wo
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
tag
es,
n
am
el
y
th
e
d
ata
n
o
r
m
ality
test
with
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
-
Sm
ir
n
o
v
,
p
air
ed
s
am
p
le
t
-
t
est
(
p
air
ed
s
am
p
le
s
tatis
tics
)
,
an
d
all
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
s
er
v
ice
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
SPSS
)
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
f
o
r
W
in
d
o
ws.1
9
.
0
.
A
p
ai
r
ed
t
-
test
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ata
o
n
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
p
ain
in
te
n
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
ter
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
in
g
m
u
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
th
e
r
ap
y
t
o
m
o
th
er
s
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
Al
-
Qu
r
an
Su
r
ah
Ar
r
ah
m
an
m
u
r
o
tta
l
th
er
ap
y
o
n
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
-
test
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
ef
o
r
e
test
in
g
with
th
e
t
-
test
,
a
n
o
r
m
ality
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
test
was
f
ir
s
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
t
o
s
h
o
w
wh
et
h
er
th
e
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
d
ata
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
ad
m
in
is
ter
in
g
m
u
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
th
er
ap
y
wer
e
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
I
f
th
e
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
p
ain
I
n
ten
s
ity
d
ata
wer
e
n
o
r
m
ally
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
,
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
t
-
test
.
Ho
wev
er
,
if
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
n
o
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
o
r
m
ally
W
ilco
x
o
n
test
was u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
eth
ical
test
f
r
o
m
th
e
Ken
d
ar
i
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Hea
lth
Po
llte
k
k
es
with
n
u
m
b
er
L
B
.
0
2
.
0
1
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-
0
2
1
.
T
h
is
eth
ical
test
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
is
r
esear
ch
m
ee
ts
ap
p
lica
b
le
r
esear
ch
eth
ical
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
Nu
m
b
er
L
B
.
0
2
.
0
1
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-
0
2
1
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
g
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
ap
p
r
o
v
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
in
s
titu
tio
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
eth
ics.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
m
ater
n
al
ag
e
,
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
g
estatio
n
al
a
g
e,
a
n
d
p
ar
ity
.
Of
th
e
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
m
o
s
t
wer
e
ag
ed
2
0
-
3
5
y
ea
r
s
,
n
am
ely
2
3
(
7
6
.
7
%).
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
was
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
n
am
el
y
1
5
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
5
0
%).
T
h
e
g
estatio
n
al
ag
e
o
f
all
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
was
3
7
-
4
2
wee
k
s
o
f
g
estatio
n
.
Mo
r
e
th
a
n
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
al
l
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
ell
in
to
p
ar
ity
ca
teg
o
r
y
1
(
n
=1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Ov
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e
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ca
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
f
ir
s
t
-
tim
e
m
o
th
er
s
with
p
ar
ity
ca
teg
o
r
y
1
,
th
e
d
etails a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
t
io
n
was
m
o
s
tly
in
th
e
lo
w
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
2
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
8
0
%).
A
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
ce
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
af
ter
th
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
:
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
was
h
ig
h
er
in
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
2
2
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
7
3
.
3
%).
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
ad
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
was
h
ig
h
er
in
th
e
m
o
d
e
r
ate
an
d
s
ev
e
r
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ies,
n
am
ely
1
6
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
5
3
.
3
%)
an
d
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
4
6
.
7
%),
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
m
i
ld
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
th
in
g
s
wer
e
s
h
o
wn
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
;
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
wa
s
ac
tu
ally
h
ig
h
er
in
th
e
m
ild
c
ateg
o
r
y
(
5
3
.
3
%)
an
d
m
o
d
e
r
ate
(
4
6
.
7
)
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
s
ev
er
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
im
p
r
o
v
ed
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
le
v
els
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Pain
in
te
n
s
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
a
n
d
s
ev
er
e
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
s
atu
r
atio
n
o
x
y
g
en
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
ter
th
e
mu
r
o
tta
l
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
ed
ian
v
al
u
e
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
was
9
5
.
0
,
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
9
2
an
d
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
9
7
,
wh
ich
is
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
m
ed
ian
v
al
u
e
was
9
3
.
0
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
8
8
an
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
9
8
.
T
h
e
m
e
d
ian
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
was 6
.
0
0
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
1
a
n
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
6
.
T
h
e
m
e
d
ian
v
al
u
e
o
f
in
te
n
s
ity
af
ter
t
h
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
was
3
.
0
0
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
5
an
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
9
.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
m
ed
ian
v
al
u
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
d
ata
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
ter
t
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
;
t
h
er
e
was
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
m
ed
ia
n
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
mu
r
o
tta
l
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
was
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
t
h
at
af
ter
m
u
r
o
tta
l
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
-
v
alu
es
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
a
n
d
p
ain
i
n
ten
s
ity
wer
e
b
o
th
p
=0
.
0
0
0
.
Statis
t
ically
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
v
alu
es
b
e
f
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
t
h
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
an
d
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
.
Ov
e
r
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
mu
r
o
tta
l
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
h
a
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
o
th
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
lev
els
an
d
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
mu
r
o
tta
l
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
atien
t o
u
tco
m
es.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
%
A
g
e
<
2
0
4
1
3
.
3
20
-
35
23
7
6
.
7
>
3
5
3
1
0
.
0
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
H
i
g
h
6
2
0
.
0
M
i
d
d
l
e
15
5
0
.
0
Lo
w
9
3
0
.
0
G
e
st
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
ge
<
3
7
w
e
e
k
s
0
0
37
-
42
w
e
e
k
s
30
1
0
0
.
0
>
4
2
w
e
e
k
s
0
0
P
a
r
i
t
y
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
P
a
r
i
t
y
1
17
5
6
.
7
P
a
r
i
t
y
2
-
4
13
4
3
.
3
P
a
r
i
t
y
>4
0
0
T
ab
le
2
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
ca
te
g
o
r
ies an
d
p
ain
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
af
te
r
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
C
h
e
c
k
l
i
st
B
e
f
o
r
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
A
f
t
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
n
%
n
%
Ox
y
g
e
n
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
N
o
r
mal
6
2
0
.
0
22
7
3
.
3
Lo
w
24
8
0
.
0
8
2
6
.
7
To
t
a
l
30
1
0
0
.
0
30
1
0
0
.
0
P
a
i
n
i
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
Lo
w
0
0
16
5
3
.
3
M
i
d
d
le
16
5
3
.
3
14
4
6
.
7
H
i
g
h
14
4
6
.
7
0
0
To
t
a
l
30
1
0
0
.
0
30
1
0
0
.
0
T
ab
le
3
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
es in
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
a
n
d
p
a
in
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
was
test
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
W
ilco
x
o
n
test
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
M
e
d
i
a
n
(
M
i
n
-
M
a
x
)
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
O
x
y
g
e
n
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
_
B
e
f
o
r
e
9
3
.
0
(
8
8
-
98)
0
.
0
0
0
*
O
x
y
g
e
n
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
_
A
f
t
e
r
9
5
.
0
(
9
2
-
97)
P
a
i
n
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
_
B
e
f
o
r
e
6
.
0
0
(5
-
9)
0
.
0
0
0
*
P
a
i
n
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
_
A
f
t
e
r
3
.
0
0
(1
-
6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
Th
e
effec
t o
f m
u
r
o
tta
l A
l
-
Qu
r
a
n
th
era
p
y
o
n
p
a
in
in
te
n
s
ity
a
n
d
o
xy
g
en
s
a
tu
r
a
tio
n
i
n
…
(
Yu
s
tia
r
i Yu
s
t
ia
r
i)
1837
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
b
iv
a
r
iate
an
aly
s
is
u
s
in
g
th
e
W
ilco
x
o
n
T
est,
th
e
p
-
v
al
u
e=
0
.
0
0
0
<(
0
.
0
5
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
m
u
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Q
u
r
an
Su
r
ah
Ar
r
ah
m
a
n
t
h
er
ap
y
o
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
in
wo
m
en
g
iv
in
g
b
i
r
th
in
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
v
al
u
es
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
Ar
-
R
ah
m
an
m
u
r
o
ttal
th
er
a
p
y
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
r
esu
lts
b
ef
o
r
e
mu
r
o
tta
l
th
er
a
p
y
was
g
iv
en
,
n
am
ely
9
3
.
0
0
an
d
af
ter
th
e
r
ap
y
it
wa
s
9
5
.
0
0
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
2
.
0
0
an
d
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
alm
o
s
t
all
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
2
7
o
u
t
o
f
3
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
Al
-
Qu
r
a
n
Su
r
ah
Ar
r
ah
m
an
mu
r
o
tta
l
th
er
ap
y
h
as
an
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
in
m
o
th
e
r
s
g
iv
in
g
b
ir
th
in
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
s
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
a
s
s
is
t
in
th
e
h
ea
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
r
eter
m
in
f
a
n
ts
in
t
h
e
n
eo
n
atal
in
ten
s
iv
e
ca
r
e
u
n
it
to
r
ed
u
ce
in
f
an
t
m
o
r
b
i
d
ity
an
d
m
o
r
tality
.
T
h
e
m
ain
a
d
v
er
s
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
p
r
eg
n
an
cy
in
clu
d
e
s
tr
ess
,
an
x
iety
,
a
n
d
d
ep
r
es
s
io
n
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Sy
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
an
x
iety
a
n
d
s
tr
ess
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
lo
w
b
ir
th
weig
h
t
an
d
p
r
e
m
atu
r
e
b
i
r
th
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Mu
s
ic
th
er
a
p
y
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
7
]
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
s
u
ck
in
g
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
r
em
at
u
r
e
i
n
f
a
n
t
s
[
2
8
]
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t
t
h
e
f
e
t
u
s
f
e
e
l
s
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
i
f
t
h
e
m
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
g
u
l
a
r
l
y
l
i
s
t
e
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
m
u
r
o
t
t
a
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
s
o
o
t
h
in
g
an
d
ca
lm
in
g
s
o
u
n
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
r
ec
i
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Qu
r
an
,
m
ay
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
m
o
th
e
r
'
s
m
en
tal
we
ll
-
b
ein
g
an
d
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
etu
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
m
u
s
ic
th
er
ap
y
in
to
p
r
en
atal
c
ar
e
m
ay
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
o
lis
tic
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
tr
ess
,
an
x
iety
,
an
d
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
wh
ile
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
etter
o
u
tco
m
es f
o
r
b
o
th
m
o
th
er
a
n
d
b
a
b
y
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
t
h
e
Al
-
Qu
r
a
n
a
n
d
d
ee
p
b
r
ea
t
h
in
g
ex
e
r
cises
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
n
ee
d
s
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
b
lo
o
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
an
d
h
ea
r
t
r
ate
b
y
n
u
r
s
es
is
k
ey
to
m
ain
tain
in
g
g
o
o
d
b
lo
o
d
cir
c
u
latio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
p
atien
t's
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Dee
p
b
r
ea
th
in
g
ex
er
cises
s
tim
u
late
th
e
r
el
ea
s
e
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
tan
ts
s
ec
r
eted
b
y
t
h
e
ty
p
e
I
I
alv
eo
l
ar
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
tan
t
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ten
s
io
n
in
th
e
a
lv
eo
li
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
lu
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
d
eq
u
ate
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
tis
s
u
e
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
in
c
r
ea
s
es
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
.
Slo
w
b
r
ea
th
in
g
in
c
r
ea
s
es
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
m
u
s
cles
an
d
d
iap
h
r
ag
m
m
o
v
e
m
en
t,
th
er
eb
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
m
o
v
e
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
in
ci
d
e
n
ce
o
f
d
y
s
p
n
ea
[
2
9
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
B
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
W
i
lc
o
x
o
n
T
e
s
t
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
0
<
(
0
.
0
5
)
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
es
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
mu
r
o
tta
l
Al
-
Qu
r
an
Su
r
a
h
Ar
r
ah
m
an
th
e
r
ap
y
o
n
r
ed
u
c
in
g
p
ain
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
in
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
h
as
e
la
b
o
r
m
o
t
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
u
r
o
t
t
a
l
Al
-
Q
u
r
a
n
S
u
r
a
h
A
r
r
a
h
m
a
n
t
h
e
r
a
p
y
h
a
s
a
s
t
at
is
t
ic
a
l
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
allev
iatin
g
p
ain
d
u
r
in
g
ac
tiv
e
p
h
ase
lab
o
r
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
b
en
ef
its
o
f
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
is
t
h
er
ap
y
as a
c
o
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
an
a
g
in
g
p
ain
f
o
r
l
ab
o
r
in
g
m
o
th
e
r
s
.
L
ab
o
r
p
ai
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ex
tr
em
e
ty
p
es
o
f
p
ai
n
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
h
u
m
an
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
I
t
is
g
en
er
ally
ac
ce
p
ted
t
h
at
if
p
ai
n
co
n
t
r
o
l
is
n
o
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
p
r
o
p
er
ly
,
th
e
t
o
ler
an
ce
o
f
th
e
b
ir
th
in
g
w
o
m
an
will
im
m
ed
iately
d
ec
r
ea
s
e;
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
in
f
lam
m
ato
r
y
cy
to
k
in
es
in
th
e
p
lasma
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
lab
o
r
p
ain
[
3
2
]
.
Giv
e
n
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
lab
o
r
p
ain
,
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
f
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
it
is
lik
ely
th
at
th
is
will a
ls
o
p
lay
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
r
o
le
in
a
wo
m
an
'
s
h
ea
lth
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
m
o
th
er
-
n
ewb
o
r
n
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
[
3
3
]
.
L
ab
o
r
p
ain
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
u
ter
i
n
e
co
n
tr
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
ca
u
s
e
d
il
atatio
n
an
d
e
f
f
ac
em
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
ce
r
v
ix
,
as
well
as
u
ter
in
e
is
ch
em
ia
d
u
e
to
co
n
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
y
o
m
etr
ial
ar
ter
ies.
E
ac
h
c
o
n
tr
ac
ti
o
n
g
e
n
er
ally
last
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
5
-
9
0
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
wh
ich
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
o
f
co
n
tr
ac
tio
n
s
ten
d
s
to
b
e
f
elt
in
th
e
lo
wer
b
ac
k
a
r
ea
.
As
lab
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es,
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ac
tio
n
s
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
ain
f
elt
will
b
e
s
tr
o
n
g
e
r
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
ab
d
o
m
in
al
an
d
b
ac
k
a
r
ea
s
[
3
4
]
.
E
ac
h
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
h
as
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
th
r
esh
o
l
d
an
d
to
ler
an
ce
f
o
r
p
ain
.
W
h
en
m
o
th
er
s
in
lab
o
r
f
o
c
u
s
th
eir
atten
tio
n
o
n
th
e
p
ain
th
ey
f
ee
l,
it
will
af
f
ec
t
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
p
ain
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
ain
th
ey
f
ee
l in
c
r
ea
s
es.
Ma
n
y
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
lab
o
r
p
ain
,
n
am
ely
ag
e
at
lab
o
r
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
lab
o
r
p
ain
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
atten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
b
ir
t
h
atten
d
an
ts
,
an
x
iety
ab
o
u
t
la
b
o
r
to
b
e
f
ac
ed
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
c
o
p
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
lab
o
r
p
ai
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
,
o
n
e
o
f
w
h
ich
is
th
e
d
is
tr
ac
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
h
as
th
e
b
est
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
ain
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
So
m
e
d
is
tr
ac
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
clu
d
e
s
in
g
in
g
,
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
p
ictu
r
es,
p
r
ay
in
g
,
an
d
lis
ten
in
g
to
m
u
s
ic.
Mu
s
ic
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
is
tr
ac
tio
n
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
p
ain
,
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
an
x
iety
,
s
o
th
at
i
t c
an
d
is
tr
ac
t a
p
er
s
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ain
h
e
f
ee
ls
[
3
5
]
.
So
u
n
d
th
er
ap
y
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
to
h
av
e
an
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
v
ital
s
ig
n
s
,
n
am
ely
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
ea
r
t
r
ate,
an
x
iety
an
d
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
elim
in
atin
g
p
ain
,
an
d
lo
wer
in
g
b
l
o
o
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
[
1
2
]
,
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
L
is
ten
in
g
to
t
h
e
Qu
r
an
is
a
n
o
n
-
p
h
ar
m
ac
o
l
o
g
ically
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
to
r
ed
u
c
e
lab
o
r
p
ai
n
,
an
x
iety
lev
els,
an
d
m
ater
n
al
h
em
o
d
y
n
am
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
also
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
e
ct
n
eo
n
atal
o
u
tco
m
es
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ox
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
was
m
o
s
tly
in
t
h
e
lo
w
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
t
h
at
is
,
2
4
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
(
8
0
%).
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
h
o
wn
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
;
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
atu
r
atio
n
was
ac
tu
ally
h
ig
h
er
in
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
ca
te
g
o
r
y
,
n
a
m
ely
2
2
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
7
3
.
3
%).
T
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
ad
p
ai
n
in
ten
s
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
was h
ig
h
er
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
an
d
s
ev
e
r
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
n
am
ely
1
6
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
5
3
.
3
%)
an
d
1
4
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
4
6
.
7
%),
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ile
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
m
ild
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
th
in
g
s
wer
e
s
h
o
wn
af
ter
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I
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t J Pu
b
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4
,
Dec
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er
20
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th
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ally
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ig
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e
r
in
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e
m
ild
ca
teg
o
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(
5
3
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o
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ate
(
4
6
.
7
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,
wh
ile
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er
e
was
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o
s
ev
er
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tatis
t
ical
t
ests
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s
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g
th
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W
ilco
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test
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ield
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p
-
v
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f
0
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0
0
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.
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tically
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it
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n
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e
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d
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ad
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h
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it
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aid
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h
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th
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ec
t
o
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l
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ter
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ea
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o
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s
atu
r
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tu
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ld
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th
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th
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ich
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ts
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NC
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S
[
1
]
H
.
H
.
Li
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l
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3
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.
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[
5
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Q
.
W
e
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.
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i
,
X
.
M
a
,
Y
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h
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h
a
n
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d
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W
a
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,
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[
6
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F
.
A
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C
.
V
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,
E
.
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a
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,
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.
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.
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.
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c
h
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,
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M
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me
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se
b
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.
[
7
]
J.
B
e
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r
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n
,
L.
C
e
d
e
r
k
v
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s
t
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se
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.
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.
N
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se
n
,
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M
a
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d
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t
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d
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m
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n
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sh
N
a
t
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a
l
B
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r
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,
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e
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.
[
8
]
N
.
E.
M
a
h
r
e
r
,
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.
M
.
G
u
a
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o
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.
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,
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n
d
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.
D
u
n
k
e
l
S
c
h
e
t
t
e
r
,
“
M
a
t
e
r
n
a
l
st
r
e
ss
b
e
f
o
r
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o
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s
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w
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t
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o
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t
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t
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n
,
”
An
n
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l
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o
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B
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Me
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[
9
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R
.
S
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y
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A
.
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d
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.
Ta
k
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,
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P
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n
d
mat
e
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:
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m
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t
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e
r
s a
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d
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n
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s
,
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.
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Å
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MC
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[
1
1
]
Q
.
W
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.
Li
u
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P
a
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2
6
]
J.
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[
2
7
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2
]
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.
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l
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sy
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o
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Me
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[
3
3
]
R
.
F
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,
J.
K
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Le
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P
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o
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[
3
4
]
D
.
G
r
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ss
ma
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,
S
.
R
a
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m
a
n
,
T.
B
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L.
D
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A
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M
.
V
.
D
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a
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a
n
,
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x
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p
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f
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me
d
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A
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V
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C
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[
3
5
]
R
.
W
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n
g
,
X
.
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u
a
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g
,
Y
.
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g
,
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M
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A
k
b
a
r
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,
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N
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e
w
,
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o
n
t
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P
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5
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3
.
[
3
6
]
C
.
Ese
a
d
i
a
n
d
M
.
O
.
N
g
w
u
,
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S
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