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ca
n
o
n
l
y
b
e
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
b
y
r
ep
lacin
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
k
id
n
e
y
o
r
r
en
al
tr
an
s
p
lan
tatio
n
i
s
o
f
te
n
ca
lled
.
R
is
k
esd
as
d
ata
i
n
2
0
1
3
y
ea
r
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
k
id
n
e
y
f
ai
lu
r
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
ag
e
o
f
th
e
p
atien
t
e
v
e
n
b
e
th
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
e
o
f
d
ea
th
.
I
n
th
e
a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
3
5
-
4
4
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
(
0
.
3
%),
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
4
5
-
5
4
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
o
f
ag
e
(
0
.
4
%),
an
d
th
e
ag
e
o
f
5
5
-
7
4
y
ea
r
s
o
l
d
(
0
.
5
%),
th
e
h
ig
h
est
i
n
th
e
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
≥
7
5
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
(
0
.
6
%).
T
h
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
i
n
m
a
les
(
0
.
3
%)
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
a
n
w
o
m
en
(
0
.
2
%
)
,
h
ig
h
er
p
r
ev
ale
n
ce
in
r
u
r
al
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
(
0
.
3
%),
ar
e
n
o
t i
n
s
c
h
o
o
l (
0
.
4
%),
th
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
s
el
f
-
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
,
f
ar
m
e
r
s
/
f
i
s
h
er
m
e
n
/
w
o
r
k
er
s
(
0
.
3
%)
[
7
].
R
es
u
lts
[
9
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
o
f
p
atie
n
t
s
w
i
th
k
id
n
e
y
f
ail
u
r
e,
s
u
ch
a
s
a
g
e,
s
e
x
.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
[
1
0
]
f
ac
to
r
s
th
a
t
af
f
e
ct
th
e
q
u
alit
y
li
f
e
o
f
p
atien
t
s
w
i
th
c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
is
a
s
o
cio
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c
ie
g
en
d
er
,
ag
e,
r
ac
e
/
eth
n
icit
y
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
an
d
m
ar
ital
s
ta
tu
s
an
d
f
ac
to
r
s
m
ed
ical
ie
o
ld
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
h
e
m
o
d
ial
y
s
i
s
,
s
ta
g
e
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e,
an
d
m
ed
ical
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esear
c
h
t
h
at
a
g
e,
g
e
n
d
er
,
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
,
a
n
d
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
le
m
en
t
d
r
in
k
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
s
a
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
[
1
1
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
1
2
]
th
at
o
b
esit
y
m
a
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
k
id
n
e
y
d
is
ea
s
e.
L
i
k
e
w
is
e,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
[
1
3
]
B
o
d
y
Ma
s
s
I
n
d
ex
v
al
u
e
is
h
i
g
h
p
o
ten
t
ial
f
o
r
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
r
en
al
f
ai
l
u
r
e.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
w
i
t
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
i
n
h
o
s
p
ital
s
I
b
n
u
Sin
a
Gr
es
ik
u
s
i
n
g
Kap
lan
-
Me
i
er
an
al
y
s
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
es (
P
r
o
d
u
ct
L
i
m
it M
et
h
o
d
)
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
as
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
n
o
n
-
r
ea
cti
v
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
an
a
l
y
tical
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
r
etr
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
co
h
o
r
t
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
e
d
d
ata
m
ed
ical
r
ec
o
r
d
ch
r
o
n
i
c
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
p
atie
n
t
s
i
n
I
b
n
u
S
in
a
Ho
s
p
ital
o
f
Gr
esik
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
t
h
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
r
i
g
h
t
ce
n
s
o
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le
was
also
ca
lled
t
h
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les
co
m
p
r
is
ed
ag
e,
s
e
x
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
ar
r
ied
,
w
o
r
k
s
tat
u
s
,
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
s
tatu
s
,
m
ed
ical
h
i
s
to
r
y
,
n
u
tr
i
tio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
,
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
,
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
wa
s
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
i
n
p
atien
t
s
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
n
e
w
i
n
p
o
l
y
h
e
m
o
d
ial
y
s
i
s
p
atien
ts
a
s
m
an
y
as
1
5
5
p
atien
t
s
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
w
it
h
s
i
m
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
o
b
tain
ed
a
s
am
p
le
o
f
1
1
1
p
eo
p
le.
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
ata
co
llecti
o
n
s
h
ee
t
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
lis
t.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
Sta
t
is
t
ic
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
K
a
pla
n
-
M
eier
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
id
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
an
d
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Kap
lan
-
Me
ier
m
et
h
o
d
.
Fail
u
r
e
s
u
r
v
iv
a
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
f
ail
u
r
e
ev
e
n
t
(
d
e
ath
)
an
d
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
d
ea
th
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
h
az
ar
d
.
E
s
ti
m
ated
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
n
d
h
az
ar
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
Kap
lan
-
Me
ier
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
is
k
n
o
w
n
to
s
u
r
v
i
v
e.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
atien
t
a
n
d
s
tatis
t
ic
v
al
u
e
o
f
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
ti
m
e
b
y
Kap
la
n
-
Me
ier
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
ed
o
n
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
tab
le
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
a
i
lu
r
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
ale
s
e
x
,
ad
u
lt
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
(
1
8
-
63
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
)
,
h
a
v
e
th
e
b
asic e
d
u
ca
tio
n
le
v
el
(
P
r
i
m
ar
y
Sc
h
o
o
l
u
p
to
Sen
io
r
H
ig
h
Sch
o
o
l)
,
w
o
r
k
ed
,
an
d
m
o
s
t
h
a
v
e
m
ar
r
ied
s
tat
u
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
in
s
u
r
an
ce
s
tatu
s
m
o
r
e
s
tatu
s
i
n
s
u
r
an
ce
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics
o
f
th
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
a
l
s
tat
u
s
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
w
i
th
c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ai
lu
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
n
u
tr
i
tio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
is
n
o
t
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
m
o
s
t
h
av
e
a
p
r
io
r
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
o
f
ce
r
tai
n
d
is
ea
s
e
s
.
Mo
s
t
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
t
h
e
p
atien
t is
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
i
v
e
(
n
o
n
d
i
ab
etic)
.
3
.
2
.
Descript
iv
e
Ana
ly
s
i
s
o
f
K
a
pla
n
-
M
eier
3
.
2
.
1
.
G
en
der
P
r
o
b
ab
ili
ty
t
h
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
w
ith
c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ailu
r
e
w
it
h
th
e
f
e
m
ale
g
en
d
er
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
liv
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
g
e
n
d
er
to
m
ale.
th
at
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
ti
m
e
o
f
p
atien
t
s
esti
m
ated
2
1
2
w
o
m
en
h
ad
a
w
ee
k
th
a
t
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
ale
p
at
ien
t
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
i
g
h
er
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
th
a
n
f
e
m
ale.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
J
P
HS
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
3
0
6
–
3
1
2
308
T
ab
le
1
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
St
atis
tic
Val
u
e
o
f
S
u
r
v
iv
al
T
i
m
e
Kap
lan
-
Me
ier
3
.
2
.
2
.
Ag
e
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ailu
r
e
i
n
ad
u
lt
ag
e
(
1
8
-
6
3
y
e
ar
s
)
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
lin
g
er
s
h
i
g
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
ag
ed
eld
er
l
y
an
d
ad
u
lt
ag
e
esti
m
ated
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
ti
m
e
o
f
2
0
0
w
ee
k
s
.
So
it
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
eld
er
ly
p
atie
n
t
s
w
it
h
a
g
e
(
>
6
3
y
ea
r
s
)
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
t
o
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
ig
h
er
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
th
a
n
t
h
e
ad
u
lt a
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
3
.
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.
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ated
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So
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C
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r
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R
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.
3
.
2
.
4
.
Wo
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T
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h
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w
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s
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p
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ith
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R
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Failu
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5
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M
a
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3
.
2
.
6
.
I
ns
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Sta
t
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G
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r
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M
a
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W
o
man
28
30
33
20
1
8
0
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0
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2
1
2
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0
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1
2
8
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2
9
9
9
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2
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8
A
g
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1.
A
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(
1
8
-
6
3
y
e
a
r
s )
2.
El
d
e
r
l
y
(
>
6
3
y
e
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r
s)
55
3
46
7
2
0
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9
.
2
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4
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7
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5
3
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Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
1.
B
a
si
c
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
P
r
i
mary
S
c
h
o
o
l
t
o
S
e
n
i
o
r
H
i
g
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
)
2.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
D
i
p
l
o
ma
t
o
D
o
c
t
o
r
a
l
)
51
7
45
8
1
6
8
.
0
0
2
0
0
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0
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1
2
6
.
5
7
1
5
4
.
6
9
2
0
9
.
4
2
2
4
5
.
3
0
0
.
6
6
8
Jo
b
S
t
a
t
u
s
1.
w
o
r
k
2.
U
n
w
o
r
k
40
18
38
15
1
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4
.
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1
6
8
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0
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1
4
5
.
1
5
1
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2
2
2
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4
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6
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5
0
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7
3
9
M
a
r
i
t
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
1.
M
a
r
r
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d
2.
U
n
marr
i
e
d
53
5
50
3
1
8
0
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1
3
0
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2
I
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t
a
t
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n
su
r
a
n
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e
2.
N
o
I
n
su
r
a
n
c
e
46
12
50
3
1
6
0
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0
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-
1
1
3
.
1
2
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2
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6
.
8
7
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0
0
9
N
u
t
r
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
1.
N
o
r
mal
2.
A
b
n
o
r
mal
35
23
15
38
2
4
0
.
0
0
1
4
4
.
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2
.
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9
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1
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4
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5
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0
0
6
H
i
st
o
r
y
D
i
se
a
se
1.
Y
e
s
2.
No
50
8
42
11
2
0
8
.
0
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1
6
8
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0
0
1
3
3
.
4
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1
3
3
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2
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.
4
2
6
H
y
p
e
r
t
e
n
si
o
n
1.
Y
e
s
2.
No
47
11
49
4
1
6
8
.
0
0
-
1
2
8
.
3
3
-
2
0
7
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6
6
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0
3
2
D
i
a
b
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t
e
s
M
e
l
l
i
t
u
s
1.
Y
e
s
2.
No
14
44
24
29
1
3
2
.
0
0
2
1
6
.
0
0
9
5
.
2
1
1
6
2
.
1
8
1
6
8
.
7
8
2
6
9
.
8
1
0
.
0
0
9
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.
Dis
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T
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p
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ien
ce
h
ig
h
er
m
o
r
talit
y
.
3
.
2
.
9
.
H
y
pert
ens
io
n
T
h
at
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
p
atien
t
s
w
ith
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
r
v
iv
al
th
a
n
p
atie
n
t
s
w
it
h
r
e
n
al
f
ail
u
r
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
e
r
ten
s
io
n
.
I
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
n
o
t
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
ea
th
(
s
til
l
ali
v
e)
es
ti
m
ated
1
6
0
.
T
h
u
s
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
g
r
o
u
p
w
it
h
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
i
o
n
h
as a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
i
g
h
er
m
o
r
talit
y
.
3
.
2
.
1
0
.
Dia
bet
es M
ellit
us
T
h
at
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
co
m
o
r
b
id
itie
s
n
o
t
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
er
ch
an
ce
o
f
s
u
r
v
iv
al
t
h
a
n
p
atien
t
s
w
it
h
r
en
al
f
a
ilu
r
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
elli
tu
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ai
lu
r
e
p
atien
t
s
w
it
h
d
iab
etes
m
ell
itu
s
n
o
t
to
n
o
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ea
th
(
s
till
ali
v
e)
e
s
ti
m
a
ted
2
1
6
w
ee
k
s
.
T
hus
,
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atie
n
t
s
w
it
h
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
ig
h
er
m
o
r
talit
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
cu
r
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
Kap
lan
-
Me
ier
r
esu
lt
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
h
e
m
o
d
ial
y
s
i
s
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
is
K
ap
lan
-
Me
ier
c
u
r
v
e
s
s
h
o
w
ed
f
o
u
r
v
ar
iab
les
s
h
o
w
ed
th
er
e
i
s
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
ti
m
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
ca
te
g
o
r
ies,
b
u
t
th
e
cu
r
v
e
is
m
er
el
y
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e.
T
o
o
b
tain
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
test
ed
w
i
th
s
tatis
t
ical
v
alu
e
s
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
tes
t r
e
s
u
l
ts
L
o
g
-
r
a
n
k
s
tatis
tics
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
it
h
p
-
v
al
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e
<0
.
0
5
w
a
s
v
ar
iab
le
I
n
s
u
r
an
ce
Sta
tu
s
,
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
Statu
s
,
H
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
a
n
d
Diab
etes
Me
llit
u
s
th
u
s
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
i
n
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
ti
m
e.
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
I
ns
ura
nce
St
a
t
us
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
w
i
th
c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ai
lu
r
e
i
n
s
u
r
an
ce
s
tatu
s
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
lif
e
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
h
as
a
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
h
ig
h
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
to
h
av
e
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
s
tat
u
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
[
1
4
]
h
i
s
Hig
h
in
cid
e
n
ce
o
f
d
ea
th
in
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
a
l
f
ailu
r
e
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
ca
n
b
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
b
eh
av
io
r
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
So
m
eo
n
e
w
h
o
g
et
h
ea
lt
h
in
s
u
r
an
ce
w
ill
h
av
e
a
te
n
d
en
c
y
to
d
o
ac
tiv
ities
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
n
ce
r
n
,
as
w
ell
as
w
it
h
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e,
th
e
y
w
ill
te
n
d
to
p
a
y
les
s
atte
n
tio
n
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
a
n
d
w
i
ll
u
n
d
er
esti
m
ate
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
illn
es
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
y
w
ill
ta
k
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
f
r
ee
m
ed
ical
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
co
s
t,
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
ill b
e
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
w
it
h
p
atie
n
ts
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t h
a
v
e
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
,
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
ten
d
en
c
y
to
p
a
y
m
o
r
e
atten
ti
o
n
to
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
as
i
f
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
s
ic
k
t
h
e
y
h
ad
to
p
ay
to
g
o
to
th
e
d
o
cto
r
o
r
h
o
s
p
ital.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
i
s
ten
t
w
i
th
r
esear
c
h
[
9
]
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
t
h
at
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
o
f
p
atien
ts
w
i
th
c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
e
n
al
f
a
ilu
r
e
is
t
h
e
s
er
io
u
s
n
es
s
o
f
s
o
m
eo
n
e
i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
g
o
o
d
h
ea
lth
i
n
t
h
e
m
o
v
e,
b
r
ea
k
,
o
r
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
icall
y
,
s
ta
g
e
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
m
ed
ical
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
w
er
e
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
al
s
o
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
.
4
.
2
.
Nut
rit
io
na
l St
a
t
us
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
C
h
r
o
n
ic
R
en
al
Fail
u
r
e
w
it
h
No
r
m
al
n
u
tr
itio
n
a
l
s
tatu
s
h
as
r
e
m
a
in
ed
a
liv
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
n
u
tr
it
io
n
al
s
tat
u
s
i
s
n
o
t
n
o
r
m
al.
T
h
i
s
i
s
in
li
n
e
w
it
h
r
esear
c
h
[
1
5
]
th
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
f
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
li
f
e
o
f
p
atien
ts
C
R
F
n
u
tr
itio
n
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
u
g
l
y
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
u
g
l
y
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tatu
s
o
f
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
li
f
e.
[
1
6
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
o
v
er
w
eig
h
t
(
B
MI
>
2
5
k
g
/
m
2
)
at
ag
e
2
0
w
a
s
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t th
r
ee
-
f
o
ld
ex
ce
s
s
r
i
s
k
f
o
r
C
R
F,
r
elati
v
e
to
B
MI
<2
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N
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2
2
5
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8806
I
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Vo
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5
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Sep
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20
1
6
:
3
0
6
–
3
1
2
310
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
R
esu
lt
s
o
f
Kap
l
an
-
Me
ier
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
a)
I
n
s
u
r
an
ce
Statu
s
,
(
b
)
Nu
tr
itio
n
al
Stat
u
s
,
(
c)
Hy
p
er
ten
s
io
n
,
(
d
)
Diab
etes
Me
llit
u
s
4
.
3
.
H
y
pert
ens
io
n
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ai
lu
r
e
p
atie
n
ts
w
i
th
c
o
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
a
c
h
an
ce
o
f
s
u
r
v
iv
al
t
h
a
n
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
[1
0
]
,
f
ac
to
r
s
th
a
t
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
th
e
C
R
F
p
atie
n
t
i
s
h
y
p
er
ten
s
i
v
e,
s
o
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
4
.
6
ti
m
e
s
lif
e
is
n
o
t
q
u
ali
f
ied
t
h
a
n
n
o
t
w
it
h
hy
p
er
ten
s
io
n
.
An
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
I
n
g
s
at
h
it
[
1
7
]
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
i
o
n
,
d
iab
etes,
g
o
u
t,
m
a
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
h
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
c
h
r
o
n
ic
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al
f
ail
u
r
e.
A
c
co
r
d
in
g
[
1
0
]
C
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ailu
r
e
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
co
n
co
m
ita
n
t
d
is
ea
s
es
H
y
p
er
t
en
s
io
n
m
an
y
a
s
7
8
.
9
%
o
f
o
th
er
d
is
ea
s
e
s
an
d
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
[1
8
]
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
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r
en
a
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w
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h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
h
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p
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s
io
n
,
d
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m
el
litu
s
,
u
r
i
n
ar
y
tr
ac
t
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
u
r
i
n
ar
y
tr
ac
t s
to
n
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
P
HS
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SS
N:
2252
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8806
S
u
r
viva
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n
a
lysi
s
o
f H
emo
d
ia
l
ys
is
P
a
tien
ts
(
E
fr
i T
r
i A
r
d
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n
to
)
311
4
.
4
.
Dia
bet
es M
ellit
us
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t c
h
r
o
n
ic
r
en
al
f
ail
u
r
e
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
c
o
m
o
r
b
id
iti
es
n
o
t d
iab
etes
m
e
ll
itu
s
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
er
c
h
a
n
ce
o
f
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
t
h
a
n
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
r
en
a
l
f
ail
u
r
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
e
l
litu
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
ch
[
1
9
]
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
C
R
F
w
er
e
n
o
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
DM
n
ep
h
r
o
p
ath
y
to
tal
2
5
p
er
s
o
n
s
(
7
8
.
1
%).
T
h
is
is
acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
es
ea
r
ch
[
1
5
]
s
tates
th
at
3
0
%
o
f
p
atien
ts
with
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
a
l
f
ail
u
r
e
h
av
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
a
n
d
7
0
% n
o
n
-
m
o
r
b
id
ities
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
d
iab
ete
s
m
ell
itu
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
r
esear
ch
an
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
it
i
s
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
s
u
r
v
iv
al
i
n
C
h
r
o
n
ic
R
en
al
Fai
lu
r
e
p
atie
n
t
s
w
er
e
a
g
e,
s
ex
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
ar
r
iag
e,
w
o
r
k
s
tat
u
s
,
in
s
u
r
a
n
c
e
s
tat
u
s
,
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
,
co
m
o
r
b
id
itie
s
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
an
d
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
el
l
itu
s
.
So
it
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
p
atien
ts
w
h
o
h
av
e
a
b
ett
er
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
o
f
t
h
e
p
atien
t
s
wer
e
f
e
m
ale,
ag
ed
ad
u
l
ts
(
1
8
-
6
3
y
ea
r
s
)
,
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
D
ip
lo
m
a
-
Do
cto
r
al)
,
m
ar
ital
s
tat
u
s
,
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
t
atu
s
,
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
i
n
s
u
r
an
ce
,
n
o
r
m
a
l
n
u
tr
i
tio
n
a
l
s
tatu
s
,
h
a
v
e
a
h
is
to
r
y
d
i
s
ea
s
e
,
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
o
f
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
.
6.
SUG
G
E
S
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
ac
to
r
s
k
n
o
w
n
af
f
ec
t
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
o
f
p
atie
n
ts
s
o
t
h
e
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
d
s
p
ec
ial
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
f
o
r
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
e
n
al
f
ail
u
r
e
p
atien
ts
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
h
y
p
er
ten
s
io
n
,
d
iab
etes
m
el
lit
u
s
,
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
atien
t
'
s
li
f
e
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
P
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
co
u
n
s
e
lin
g
to
f
a
m
il
ies
an
d
p
a
tien
t
s
w
it
h
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
en
a
l
f
ail
u
r
e
w
h
o
h
av
e
i
n
s
u
r
an
ce
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
li
f
e
s
t
y
le.
I
t
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
co
n
d
u
ct
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
n
o
t b
ee
n
r
esear
ch
ed
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
G
.
Kle
in
b
a
u
m
,
M.
Kle
in
,
“
S
u
rv
iv
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
s
e
lf
-
l
e
a
rn
in
g
tex
t
,”
3
n
d
.
e
d
.
,
USA
,
S
p
rin
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
+
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia,
In
c
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
]
Ya
sril
a
n
d
Ka
sjo
n
o
,
“
M
u
lt
iv
a
riate
a
n
a
ly
sis
f
o
r
h
e
a
lt
h
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
M
it
ra
Ce
n
d
ik
ia
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
A
.
S
.
L
e
v
e
y
,
K.
U.
Eck
a
rd
t,
Y.
T
su
k
a
m
o
to
,
A.
L
e
v
in
,
J.
C
o
re
sh
,
J.
Ro
ss
e
rt,
G
.
Ek
n
o
y
a
n
,
“
De
f
in
it
io
n
a
n
d
c
las
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
c
h
ro
n
ic
k
id
n
e
y
d
ise
a
se
:
a
p
o
siti
o
n
sta
tem
e
n
t
f
ro
m
Kid
n
e
y
Dis
e
a
s
e
:
I
m
p
ro
v
in
g
Glo
b
a
l
Ou
tc
o
m
e
s
(KD
IGO
),
”
Kid
n
e
y
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
6
7
(6
),
p
p
.
2
0
8
9
-
2
1
0
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[4
]
F.
Ho
ss
e
in
p
a
n
a
h
,
F.
Ka
sra
e
i,
A
.
A
.
Na
ss
iri
,
F.
A
z
i
z
i,
“
Hig
h
p
re
v
a
len
c
e
o
f
c
h
ro
n
ic
k
id
n
e
y
d
ise
a
se
in
Ira
n
:
a
larg
e
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
stu
d
y
,
”
BM
C
p
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
9
(
1
),
p
p
.
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
P
ERNE
F
RI,
“
5
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
Re
p
o
r
t
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Re
n
a
l
Re
g
istry
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
P
ERNE
F
RI,
“
4
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
Re
p
o
r
t
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Re
n
a
l
Re
g
istry
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
T
h
e
M
in
istry
o
f
He
a
lt
h
,
“
Ba
s
ic H
e
a
lt
h
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Ja
k
a
rt
a
,
Ba
d
a
n
L
it
b
a
n
g
k
e
s,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
T
h
e
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
o
f
G
r
e
sik
,
“
G
re
s
ik
in
F
ig
u
re
s,
”
G
re
sik
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
A
.
Yu
li
a
w
,
“
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l
Ch
a
ra
c
t
e
risti
c
s
re
latio
n
sh
ip
w
it
h
Qu
a
l
it
y
o
f
L
i
f
e
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Di
m
e
n
sio
n
s
Ch
ro
n
ic
Re
n
a
l
F
a
il
u
re
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
in
th
e
RS
U
P
DR.
K
a
riad
i
S
e
m
a
r
a
n
g
,”
2
0
0
9
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
F
ro
m
:
d
ig
il
ib
.
u
n
im
u
s.ac
.
id
/f
il
e
s/d
isk
1
/1
0
6
/j
t
p
u
n
im
u
s
-
g
d
l
-
a
n
n
y
y
u
li
a
w
-
5289
-
2
-
b
a
b
2
.
p
d
f
o
n
d
a
te 2
8
P
e
b
ru
a
r
i
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
Nu
rc
a
h
y
a
ti
S
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
fa
c
to
rs as
so
c
iate
d
w
it
h
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
li
f
e
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
w
it
h
c
h
ro
n
ic k
id
n
e
y
d
ise
a
s
e
w
h
o
u
n
d
e
rg
o
h
e
m
o
d
ial
y
sis
a
t
th
e
Isla
m
ic
Ho
sp
it
a
l
F
a
ti
m
a
h
Cil
a
c
a
p
a
n
d
Ba
n
y
u
m
a
s
G
e
n
e
ra
l
Ho
sp
it
a
l
,
”
2
0
1
0
.
On
d
a
te
2
8
M
e
i
2
0
1
6
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le f
ro
m
:
h
tt
p
:/
/rep
o
sito
ry
.
u
su
.
a
c
.
id
/b
it
stre
a
m
/1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
/4
3
1
9
3
/
2
/Ref
e
re
n
c
e
.
p
d
f
.
[1
1
]
N.
Re
stian
ik
a
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
W
it
h
Ch
ro
n
ic Re
n
a
l
F
a
il
u
re
In
G
e
n
e
sis In
p
a
ti
e
n
t
S
p
a
c
e
M
e
d
icin
e
a
t
th
e
Ho
sp
it
a
l
Dr.
S
o
e
ro
to
Ng
a
w
i,
”
S
k
rip
si
,
Je
m
b
e
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
M
.
C.
F
o
ste
r,
S
.
J.
Hw
a
n
g
,
M
.
G
.
L
a
rso
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ov
e
rwe
ig
h
t,
o
b
e
sit
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
sta
g
e
3
CKD
:
t
h
e
F
ra
m
in
g
h
a
m
H
e
a
rt
S
tu
d
y
,
”
Ame
ri
c
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Kid
n
e
y
Dise
a
se
s
,
v
o
l/
isu
e
:
5
2
(1
)
,
p
p
.
39
-
48
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
C.
Y.
Hs
u
,
C
.
E.
M
c
Cu
ll
o
c
h
,
C.
Irib
a
rre
n
,
J.
Da
r
b
in
ia
n
,
A
.
S
.
G
o
,
“
Bo
d
y
m
a
ss
in
d
e
x
a
n
d
risk
f
o
r
e
n
d
-
sta
g
e
re
n
a
l
d
ise
a
se
,”
An
n
a
ls
o
f
in
ter
n
a
l
me
d
i
c
in
e
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
4
4
(1
)
,
p
p
.
21
-
28
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
E
.
T
.
A
rd
ian
to
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
Co
x
p
ro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
c
las
s
ic
-
M
u
lt
iv
a
riate
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Re
g
r
e
s
sio
n
S
p
li
n
e
i
n
He
m
o
d
ialy
sis P
a
ti
e
n
t
S
u
rv
iv
a
l
in
Ib
n
u
S
i
n
a
Ho
sp
i
tal
o
f
G
re
sik
,
”
T
h
e
sis
,
A
irl
a
n
g
g
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
A
.
Yu
w
o
n
o
,
“
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
L
ife
A
c
c
o
rd
in
g
to
S
p
it
z
e
r
On
T
h
e
Ch
ro
n
ic
Re
n
a
l
F
a
il
u
re
P
a
ti
e
n
ts
Un
d
e
rg
o
in
g
He
m
o
d
ialy
sis
In
h
e
m
o
d
ialy
si
s
u
n
it
DR.
Ka
riad
i
S
e
m
a
ra
n
g
,”
Do
c
to
ra
l
d
isse
rta
ti
o
n
,
M
e
g
ister
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
ro
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
)
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
6
]
E.
Ej
e
rb
lad
,
C.
M
.
F
o
re
d
,
P.
L
in
d
b
lad
,
J.
F
ry
z
e
k
,
J.
K.
M
c
Lau
g
h
li
n
,
O.
Ny
ré
n
,
“
Ob
e
s
it
y
a
n
d
risk
fo
r
c
h
ro
n
ic
re
n
a
l
f
a
il
u
re
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Ame
ric
a
n
so
c
iety
o
f
n
e
p
h
ro
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
7
(
6
),
pp.
1
6
9
5
-
1
7
0
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
7
]
A
.
In
g
sa
th
it
,
A
.
T
h
a
k
k
in
stian
,
A
.
Ch
a
ip
ra
se
rt,
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