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l
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
.
De
n
gue
vi
r
u
s
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
ns
i
t
s
l
if
e
i
n
a
n
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
r
a
n
s
o
v
a
r
i
a
l
t
r
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
p
o
pul
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
a
ge
ne
t
i
c
a
dv
a
n
t
a
ge
,
wh
e
r
e
s
uc
h
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
dy
na
mi
c
s
o
f
de
n
gu
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
[
8]
.
Ve
c
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
i
n
r
e
duc
i
n
g
t
h
e
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
Ae
de
s
albopi
c
tu
s
c
a
n
b
e
do
n
e
i
n
t
h
e
a
du
l
t
a
n
d
pr
e
-
a
du
l
t
ph
a
s
e
s
.
O
n
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
do
n
e
i
s
t
o
us
e
a
t
tr
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
to
a
tt
r
a
c
t
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
by
us
i
ng
o
vi
t
r
a
p
[
9
]
.
Ovi
t
r
a
p
i
s
a
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
l
a
yi
ng
t
r
a
p
t
h
a
t
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
b
r
e
a
k
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
o
f
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
l
a
r
v
a
e
o
r
pupa
t
ur
n
s
i
n
t
o
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
[
10]
.
T
h
e
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
o
vi
t
r
a
p
pr
o
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
i
n
va
r
i
o
us
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
i
n
c
l
ud
i
ng
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
hi
z
o
m
a
f
u
n
g
i
[
11]
,
r
i
c
e
s
t
r
a
w
(
Or
y
z
a
s
ati
v
a
)
w
i
t
h
f
i
e
l
d
a
pp
li
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
12]
a
n
d
ot
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
us
e
o
f
I
m
pe
r
a
t
a
gr
a
s
s
i
mm
e
r
s
i
o
n
wa
s
do
n
e
a
t
a
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
20%
a
n
d
pr
o
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
in
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
o
vi
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
[
13]
b
ut
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
s
o
n
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
do
s
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
ge
h
a
v
e
n
e
ve
r
b
e
e
n
do
ne
e
i
t
h
e
r
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
e
ggs
a
n
d
ha
t
c
h
a
bil
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
i
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
f
ur
t
h
e
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
th
e
r
e
i
s
a
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
do
s
e
a
s
a
n
a
t
tr
a
c
t
a
n
t.
T
h
e
pur
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
wa
s
t
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
I
mpe
r
ata
c
y
li
ndr
ica
R
a
e
us
c
hs
i
mm
e
r
s
i
o
n
do
s
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
e
ggs
a
n
d
ha
t
c
h
a
bil
i
t
y
o
f
Ae
de
s
al
bopictus
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
tor
y
.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
T
y
pe
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
a
t
r
ue
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
a
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
r
a
n
do
m
i
z
e
d
de
s
i
g
n
(
C
R
D)
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
c
t
i
vi
t
y
wa
s
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
i
n
t
h
e
E
n
to
m
o
l
o
g
y
L
a
b
o
r
a
to
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
He
a
l
t
h
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
Ta
n
a
h
B
u
m
bu
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
n
J
a
n
ua
r
y
-
J
u
ly
2019.
A
e
de
s
albopi
c
tus
us
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
we
r
e
p
h
e
n
o
t
y
pe
(
F
)
27,
T
a
n
a
h
B
u
m
bu
s
t
r
a
i
ns
.
M
e
t
h
o
ds
f
o
r
M
a
s
s
R
e
a
r
i
ng
o
f
A
e
de
s
albopi
c
tu
s
i
s
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
he
Ae
de
s
ae
gy
pti
M
a
s
s
R
e
a
r
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
[
14]
.
2.
1.
Hat
c
h
in
g
e
ggs
in
t
o
l
ar
vae
T
h
e
e
gg
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
po
tt
e
r
y
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s
a
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
i
n
a
t
r
a
y
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng
27c
m
x
35
c
m
x
5
c
m
.
E
a
c
h
t
r
a
y
c
o
n
t
a
i
ns
4
-
5
f
il
t
e
r
pa
pe
r
t
h
a
t
a
l
r
e
a
d
y
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
e
gg
s
.
T
h
e
e
ggs
w
il
l
h
a
t
c
h
a
f
t
e
r
1
-
2
da
y
s
.
T
he
wa
t
e
r
us
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
o
f
pr
e
-
a
du
l
t
m
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qu
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a
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a
qua
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s
wa
t
e
r
w
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t
h
a
v
o
l
u
m
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o
f
1.
5
l
i
t
e
r
s
.
Obs
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
ggs
t
ha
t
h
a
t
c
h
i
n
t
o
f
i
r
s
t
i
ns
t
a
r
l
a
r
v
a
e
i
s
do
n
e
e
v
e
r
y
24
h
o
ur
s
.
E
gg
h
a
t
c
h
es
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
f
i
ve
gr
o
ups
.
2.
2.
Re
ar
in
g
A
e
de
s
albopi
c
tu
s
l
a
r
vae
I
n
s
t
a
r
l
a
r
va
e
I
a
n
d
I
I
we
r
e
f
e
d
us
i
ng
m
a
s
he
d
c
a
t
f
oo
d
(
W
hi
s
k
e
s
®)
w
hi
c
h
a
m
o
un
t
wa
s
a
d
j
us
t
e
d
to
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
ns
t
a
r
h
a
t
c
h
e
d
i
n
a
c
o
n
t
a
i
ne
r
m
a
de
o
f
e
a
r
t
h
(
pott
e
r
y
)
.
F
e
e
d
i
ng
i
s
do
n
e
o
nc
e
a
da
y
.
I
n
i
ns
t
a
r
l
a
r
v
a
e
I
I
I
a
n
d
I
V
f
e
e
d
(
n
o
t
p
o
un
de
d)
wa
s
g
i
ve
n
t
w
i
c
e
,
n
a
m
e
ly
m
o
r
ni
ng
a
n
d
e
v
e
ni
ng.
L
a
r
va
e
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
c
o
m
e
t
o
pupa
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
r
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e
d
i
ng
p
l
a
c
e
a
r
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t
a
ke
n
w
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t
h
a
p
i
pe
t
t
e
a
n
d
t
h
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n
p
l
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d
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n
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s
m
a
ll
p
l
a
s
t
i
c
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
a
n
d
put
i
n
t
o
a
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
c
a
ge
.
2.
3.
Re
ar
in
g
ad
u
l
t
A
e
de
s
albopi
c
tu
s
T
h
e
l
a
r
v
a
e
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
c
o
m
e
pupa
e
a
r
e
t
h
e
n
m
o
v
e
d
us
i
n
g
a
p
i
pe
t
t
e
i
n
t
o
a
pl
a
s
t
i
c
t
r
a
y
w
i
t
h
a
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
o
f
6
c
m
be
l
o
w
t
h
e
t
o
p
,
8c
m
,
h
e
i
g
h
t
6.
5c
m
a
nd
wa
t
e
r
+
50m
l
.
C
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
s
c
o
n
t
a
i
ni
ng
pupa
e
a
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
d
i
n
b
ugdo
r
m
c
a
g
e
s
o
f
30c
m
x
30c
m
x
30c
m
s
i
z
e
.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l
,
a
f
t
e
r
t
wo
da
y
s
t
h
e
pupa
w
il
l
t
ur
n
i
n
t
o
a
m
o
s
qui
t
o
.
F
e
m
a
l
e
a
n
d
m
a
l
e
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
f
o
o
d
i
s
g
i
ve
n
a
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
o
f
10%
s
uga
r
wa
t
e
r
whi
c
h
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
i
n
c
o
tt
o
n
a
n
d
put
i
n
a
b
o
tt
l
e
.
M
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
w
i
l
l
c
o
pu
l
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
a
c
a
ge
f
o
r
2
-
3
da
y
s
.
F
e
m
a
l
e
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
w
i
ll
s
uc
k
t
h
e
bl
o
o
d
o
f
gu
i
n
e
a
p
i
gs
in
t
h
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
e
gg
m
a
t
ur
a
t
i
o
n
.
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hi
l
e
m
a
l
e
m
o
s
qu
i
t
o
e
s
w
il
l
s
uc
k
10%
s
uga
r
l
i
qu
i
d.
Af
t
e
r
2
-
3
da
y
s
o
f
s
uc
k
i
ng
bl
o
o
d
t
h
e
f
e
m
a
l
e
m
o
s
qu
it
o
wi
ll
l
a
y
e
gg
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
ott
e
r
y
.
2.
4.
M
ak
in
g
im
p
e
r
at
a
gr
a
s
s
i
m
m
e
r
s
ion
I
m
pe
r
a
t
a
t
h
a
t
i
s
f
o
un
d
i
n
n
a
t
ur
e
i
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d,
th
e
n
dr
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
n
f
o
r
a
b
o
ut
3
-
6
da
y
s
u
n
t
i
l
i
t
i
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
y
dr
y
.
T
h
e
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
to
c
k
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
i
s
m
a
de
by
s
o
a
k
i
n
g
125
gr
a
m
s
o
f
I
m
pe
r
a
t
a
s
t
r
a
w
w
i
t
h
15
l
i
t
e
r
s
o
f
wa
t
e
r
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n
a
c
l
o
s
e
d
b
u
c
ke
t
f
o
r
7
da
y
s
.
T
h
e
a
t
tr
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
to
c
k
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
wa
s
d
i
l
ut
e
d
w
i
t
h
d
i
s
t
i
ll
e
d
wa
t
e
r
to
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
5%
,
10%
,
15%
a
n
d
20%
i
n
a
1
li
t
e
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[
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.
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a
n
u
f
a
c
t
ur
e
,
m
i
n
im
a
l
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
us
e
d
i
n
a
l
o
n
g
t
i
m
e
.
I
n
t
he
f
ut
ur
e
i
t
i
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
c
o
n
duc
t
f
i
e
l
d
-
s
c
a
l
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
tt
r
a
c
t
a
n
t
s
a
n
d
bi
o
i
ns
e
c
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
i
s
e
x
pe
c
t
e
d
to
s
t
r
e
n
gt
h
e
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
m
pe
r
a
t
a
gr
a
s
s
(
I
mpe
r
ata
c
y
li
ndr
ica
)
s
t
r
a
w
s
o
a
ki
ng
wa
t
e
r
h
a
s
pr
o
v
e
n
t
o
b
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
a
s
a
n
a
t
tr
a
c
t
a
n
t
f
o
r
A
e
de
s
albopi
c
tus
ov
i
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
a
t
a
do
s
e
o
f
20%
.
T
h
e
ot
h
e
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
is
a
l
s
o
a
bl
e
t
o
r
e
duc
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
e
ggs
t
h
a
t
h
a
t
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Bara
J
.
J
.
,
A
.
T
.
Pa
r
k
e
r,
a
n
d
E
.
J
.
Mu
t
u
r
i
,
“
V
ec
t
o
r/
Pat
h
o
g
e
n
/
H
o
s
t
In
t
e
ra
c
t
i
o
n
,
T
ran
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n
Co
m
p
arat
i
v
e
Su
s
ce
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
O
c
h
l
e
ro
t
at
u
s
j
ap
o
n
i
cu
s
,
O
c
h
l
e
ro
t
at
u
s
t
ri
s
e
ri
at
u
s
,
A
e
d
e
s
a
l
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
,
an
d
A
e
d
e
s
aeg
y
p
t
i
(D
i
p
t
era :
Cu
l
i
ci
d
a
e
)
t
o
L
a
Cro
s
s
e
V
i
r
u
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
M
ed
i
c
a
l
E
n
t
o
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
L
e
t
a
S.
,
T
.
J
i
b
at
,
E
.
M.
D
e
C
l
e
r
c
q
,
K
.
A
men
u
,
M.
U
.
G
.
K
ra
eme
r,
a
n
d
C.
W
.
R
e
v
i
e
,
“
G
l
o
b
al
Ri
s
k
Map
p
i
n
g
Fo
r
Maj
o
r
D
i
s
e
as
e
s
T
ran
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
B
y
A
ed
e
s
A
eg
y
p
t
i
a
n
d
A
ed
e
s
A
l
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
,
”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
I
n
f
ec
t
i
o
u
s
Di
s
ea
s
es
,
v
o
l
.
6
7
,
p
p
.
2
5
-
3
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
Can
c
r
i
n
i
G
.
,
A
.
Fran
g
i
p
an
e
,
I
.
Ri
cci
,
C.
T
e
s
s
ari
n
,
S.
G
ab
ri
e
l
l
i
,
an
d
M.
Pi
e
t
ro
b
e
l
l
i
,
“
A
e
d
e
s
A
l
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
i
s
a
N
at
u
ral
V
ec
t
o
r
O
f
D
i
r
o
fi
l
ari
a
Imm
i
t
i
s
I
n
I
t
al
y
,
”
V
et
er
i
n
a
r
y
P
a
r
a
s
i
t
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
-
2
0
2
,
2
0
0
3
.
[4
]
Sh
i
V
.
,
L
.
G
o
h
,
an
d
C.
M
o
k
,
“
A
n
t
i
v
i
ral
N
at
u
ral
Pro
d
u
c
t
s
fo
r
A
rb
o
v
i
ru
s
I
n
f
ec
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
M
o
l
ecu
l
es
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
2
7
9
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
D
i
n
g
F.
,
J
.
Fu
,
M.
H
a
o
,
an
d
G
.
L
i
n
,
“
A
c
t
a
T
ro
p
i
c
a
Ma
p
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
p
at
i
al
d
i
s
t
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
A
e
d
e
s
a
e
g
y
p
t
i
an
d
A
ed
e
s
al
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
,
”
A
ct
a
Tr
o
p
i
ca
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
8
,
n
o
.
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
May
n
ard
A
.
J
.
e
t
al
.
,
“
T
i
g
e
r
o
n
t
h
e
p
ro
w
l
:
In
v
as
i
o
n
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
an
d
s
p
at
i
o
-
t
e
m
p
o
ra
l
g
en
e
t
i
c
s
t
ru
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
A
s
i
a
n
t
i
g
e
r
mo
s
q
u
i
t
o
A
ed
e
s
al
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
(Sk
u
s
e
1
8
9
4
)
i
n
t
h
e
In
d
o
-
P
ac
i
f
i
c
,
”
P
Lo
S
Neg
l
ect
e
d
.
Tr
o
p
i
c
a
l
Dis
ea
s
es
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
T
h
an
g
a
m
an
i
S.
,
J
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
C.
E
.
H
art
,
H
.
G
u
zm
a
n
,
an
d
R.
B.
T
e
s
h
,
“
V
e
rt
i
c
al
T
ran
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
Z
i
k
a
V
i
ru
s
i
n
A
ed
e
s
ae
g
y
p
t
i
Mo
s
q
u
i
t
o
e
s
,
”
Am
er
i
ca
m
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
Tr
o
p
i
c
a
l
M
ed
i
c
i
n
e
H
yg
i
e
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
9
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
9
-
1
1
7
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
Fe
rr
e
i
ra
de
l
i
m
a
V
.
H
.
an
d
T
.
N
.
L
i
m
a
-
c
a
m
ara,
“
N
at
u
ra
l
V
e
rt
i
c
a
l
T
ran
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
D
e
n
g
u
e
V
i
ru
s
I
n
A
ed
e
s
A
e
g
y
p
t
i
a
nd
A
e
d
e
s
A
l
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
:
A
S
y
s
t
em
at
i
c
R
e
v
i
ew
,
”
P
a
r
a
s
i
t
o
l
o
g
y
V
ect
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
7
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
T
aw
at
s
i
n
A
.
,
U
.
T
h
av
ara,
N
.
Sr
i
v
ar
o
m
,
P.
Si
ri
y
as
at
i
en
,
a
n
d
A
.
W
o
n
g
t
i
t
i
ro
t
e
,
“
L
e
O
-
T
rap
®
:
A
N
o
v
el
L
e
t
h
al
O
v
i
t
rap
D
ev
e
l
o
p
ed
fro
m
Co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Ph
y
s
i
c
al
l
y
A
t
t
ra
c
t
i
v
e
D
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
t
h
e
O
v
i
t
rap
w
i
t
h
Bi
o
ch
em
i
c
a
l
A
t
t
rac
t
an
t
an
d
L
arv
i
ci
d
e
f
o
r
Co
n
t
ro
l
l
i
n
g
A
e
d
e
s
a
e
g
y
p
t
i
(L
.
)
an
d
A
e
.
al
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
(Sk
u
s
e
)
(D
i
p
t
e
ra
:
Cu
l
i
c
i
d
a
e
),
”
B
i
o
m
ed
i
ca
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
c
i
en
t
i
f
i
c
&
Tech
n
i
ca
l
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
,
vol
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
1
8
3
-
1
6
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
W
o
rl
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
O
rg
an
i
zat
i
o
n
,
G
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
fo
r
d
en
g
u
e
s
u
rv
e
i
l
l
a
n
ce
an
d
m
o
s
q
u
i
t
o
c
o
n
t
ro
l
.
2
n
d
e
d
.
S
w
i
s
s
:
W
H
O
Re
g
i
o
n
al
O
ffi
ce
fo
r
t
h
e
W
e
s
t
e
r
n
Pa
c
i
f
i
c
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
E
n
e
h
L
.
K
.
,
H
.
Sai
j
o
,
A
.
K
ar
i
n
,
B.
K
arl
s
o
n
,
J
.
M
.
L
i
n
d
h
,
an
d
G
.
K
.
Ra
j
arao
,
“
Ce
d
r
o
l
,
A
Ma
l
ari
a
M
o
s
q
u
i
t
o
O
v
i
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
A
t
t
rac
t
an
t
i
s
Pro
d
u
ce
d
B
y
Fu
n
g
i
I
s
o
l
at
e
d
F
ro
m
R
h
i
z
o
me
s
o
f
T
h
e
G
ras
s
Cy
p
e
r
u
s
Ro
t
u
n
d
u
s
,
”
M
a
l
a
r
ia
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
v
o
l
.
478,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
Mart
i
n
i
M
.
,
A
.
Pri
h
at
n
o
l
o
,
an
d
R.
H
e
s
t
i
n
i
n
g
s
i
h
,
“
Mo
d
i
fi
e
d
O
v
i
t
rap
t
o
C
o
n
t
ro
l
A
e
d
e
s
Sp
P
o
p
u
l
at
i
o
n
i
n
C
en
t
ral
J
av
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
o
n
,
”
Th
e
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
b
l
e
D
i
s
ea
s
es
,
v
o
l
.
4
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
Ri
d
h
a,
M.
R
.
A
.
Fad
i
l
l
y
,
B
.
H
a
i
ran
i
,
a
n
d
G
.
M
el
i
y
an
i
e
,
“
E
ffe
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
O
f
A
t
t
rac
t
an
t
s
O
n
H
at
c
h
ab
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
A
ed
e
s
A
l
b
o
p
i
c
t
u
s
M
o
s
q
u
i
t
o
E
g
g
s
In
T
h
e
L
ab
o
rat
o
r
y
,
”
A
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
Mo
rl
an
H
.
B.
,
O
.
Ri
ch
ard
,
D
.
Ph
,
H
.
F.
S
ch
o
o
f,
an
d
D
.
P
h
,
“
Me
t
h
o
d
s
fo
r
Mas
s
Re
ari
n
g
o
f
A
ed
e
s
a
eg
y
p
t
i
(
L
.
),
”
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
ea
l
t
h
R
ep
o
r
t
,
v
o
l
.
7
8
,
n
o
.
8
p
p
.
7
1
1
-
7
2
0
,
1
9
6
3
.
[1
5
]
A
d
ri
a
n
t
o
H
.
,
A
.
N
u
r
,
an
d
M.
A
n
s
o
r
i
,
“
L
arv
i
c
i
d
al
P
o
t
en
t
i
al
o
f
Po
mel
o
(Ci
t
ru
s
m
ax
i
m
a
)
L
e
af
E
x
t
rac
t
A
g
ai
n
s
t
A
ed
es
A
eg
y
p
t
i
a
n
d
C
u
l
e
x
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),
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P
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.
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4
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5
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ak
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.
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s
:
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mi
c
ro
b
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a,
”
Cu
r
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.
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p
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.
In
s
ect
S
ci
.
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v
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.
2
0
,
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.
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-
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,
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7
.
[2
6
]
H
amo
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L
.
e
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al
.
,
“
T
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E
ffec
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O
f
Ch
emo
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O
n
T
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S
w
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A
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f
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:
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ffec
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ci
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,
”
In
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.
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S
ci
.
Tech
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.
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.
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7
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p
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.
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“
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y
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.
[2
8
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Mo
n
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C.
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L
.
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.
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"
M
o
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y
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s
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.
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9
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u
P.
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0
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A
.
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.
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.
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d
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,
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Co
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Po
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o
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Can
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Pre
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Re
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me
,
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.
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ci
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,
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B
e
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,
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n
.
M
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.
,
v
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.
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,
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7
,
p
p
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-
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6
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0
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.
[3
2
]
G
arri
t
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D
P
,
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al
.
,
"
The
Im
p
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a,
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.
[3
3
]
L
au
M.
,
Ch
en
K
,
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.
,
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ee
C.
D
.
,
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o
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.
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.
,
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.
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&
So
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,
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O
v
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S
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co
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,
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.
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.
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4
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