Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
V
o
l.4
,
No
.1
, Mar
c
h 201
5,
p
p
.
2
1
~
26
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
21
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
Comparative An
tioxid
a
nt Activity on th
e
F
i
cus benj
amin
a
and
Annona reticulata
Leaves
Nyi Mek
a
r Saptarini
1
, Irm
a
Erika
Heraw
a
ti
2
1
Faculty
of Phar
macy
, Pad
j
adjar
a
n University
, In
donesia
2
Department of Pharmacy
,
FMIPA,
Al Ghifari
University
, Indo
nesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Dec 12, 2014
Rev
i
sed
Jan 20, 201
5
Accepted
Feb 06, 2015
Antioxidants can prevent free r
a
dical fo
rmation
.
Natural an
tioxidants found
in m
a
n
y
pl
ants
,
s
u
ch as
Ficus b
e
njamina
and
Annona reticulata
.
T
h
e
study
aim
e
d to com
p
are the ant
i
oxida
nt activ
it
y of ex
trac
ts
and fract
i
ons
of
Ficus
benjamina
and
Annona reticulata
leav
es against 1,1-
diphen
y
l-2-
picrilh
yd
raz
y
l
.
The steps of th
is stud
y
consist of extraction
,
fractionation
with
n-hexan
e
, eth
y
l
acetate and water,
ph
y
t
och
e
mical screening
,
antioxid
a
nt
act
ivit
y d
e
term
ination
,
and
c
o
m
p
aring the
IC
50
values
.
P
e
rcent
a
ge
s
cavenging
act
i
v
it
y of the
ex
trac
ts
and fra
c
tions
agains
t
DP
P
H
was
cal
cula
ted
to de
term
ine th
e
anti
oxidant
ac
tivi
t
y
.
The IC
50
valu
e of
Fi
c
u
s
benjamina
was
127.86 ppm f
o
r eth
a
nolic
ex
tract, 94.01
pp
m for water
fraction, 115.48
ppm for eth
y
l acetate
fraction
,
an
d 335.50 ppm fo
r n-hexane
fract
ion. Th
e IC
50
value of
Ann
o
na reticula
t
a
was 274.31 ppm fo
r ethano
lic
extract, 211
.42 p
p
m for water fraction
,
367.91 pp
m for eth
y
l
acetate fraction
,
and 741.08 pp
m for n-hexane fraction.
The r
e
sults showed that th
e
Fi
cus
benjamina
water
fraction was
th
e bes
t
antiox
i
da
nt com
p
ared to other extr
ac
t
and fraction.
Keyword:
An
no
n
a
ret
i
c
ul
at
e
Ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
Extract
Ficusbe
n
jamina
Fr
action
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Nyi Mek
a
r Saptarin
i,
Faculty of Pha
r
m
acy,
Uni
v
ersi
t
a
s Pa
dja
d
jara
n,
Jl
R
a
y
a
B
a
nd
u
n
g
S
u
m
e
dang
km
21,
Jat
i
n
an
go
r,
W
e
st
Java
, I
n
do
nesi
a
45
3
6
3
.
Em
a
il: n
y
i.
m
e
k
a
r@unp
ad.ac.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
Fr
ee r
a
d
i
cals d
e
f
i
n
e
d
as ch
emical
sp
ecies p
o
s
sessing
unpair
ed
electr
o
n
s
. Th
ese sp
ecies r
e
spo
n
sib
l
e
t
o
m
a
ny
chro
ni
c and d
e
ge
nera
t
i
v
e di
seases i
n
cl
udi
n
g
at
he
rosclero
sis, isch
emic h
eart
disease, ageing,
diabetes
m
e
llitus, canc
e
r, im
m
unosuppressi
on,
neurode
g
ene
r
ative
diseases a
nd ot
he
rs
[1]-[3]. The m
o
st effective
com
pou
nd t
o
el
im
i
n
at
e free radi
cal
s i
s
ant
i
oxi
dant
s
.
Ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
s
pre
v
e
n
t
free r
a
di
cal
form
at
ion
by
scave
ngi
ng t
h
em
or p
r
om
oti
ng t
h
ei
r
deco
m
posi
t
i
on an
d
su
pp
ressi
n
g
suc
h
di
s
o
r
d
e
r
s
[4]
-
[
6]
.
The
r
e i
s
a
gr
owi
n
g i
n
t
e
re
st
t
o
wa
rd
nat
u
r
a
l
ant
i
oxi
da
nt
s. Th
e i
d
ea
o
f
n
a
t
u
ral
a
n
t
i
oxi
d
a
nt
i
n
he
rbal
r
e
so
urces
can
p
r
ot
ect
bi
ol
o
g
y
sy
st
e
m
s from
oxi
dative stre
ss
[7]-[9].
Fi
cus
be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
(Moraceaae
) a
n
d
Anno
na
reticu
l
a
t
a
(Annonaceae) are herbal
res
o
urces
that had antioxi
dant
activity.
F.be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
an
d
A. reticu
l
ate
have
b
een
use
d
as t
r
adi
t
i
onal
m
e
di
ci
ne
s. T
h
i
s
i
s
due
senc
o
nda
ry
metab
o
lites.
F
.
be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
l
eaves c
o
nt
ai
n
t
a
nni
ns,
car
bo
hy
d
r
at
es,
p
h
y
t
ost
e
r
o
l
s
,
fl
avo
n
o
i
d
s
,
phe
nol
i
c
s
,
sap
oni
ns, oi
l
s
and fat
s
[
10]
,[
11]
. Th
e ro
o
t
barks
,
l
eave
s
and st
em
s o
f
A.ret
i
c
ul
at
a
cont
ai
n i
s
oq
ui
nol
i
n
e
al
kal
o
i
d
s
an
d
fl
av
on
oi
ds
[
1
2
]
. Phe
n
ol
i
c
s,
fl
avo
n
o
i
d
s
,
vitam
i
ns, an
d
m
i
n
e
rals (C
u,
M
n
,
Zn
, Se
a
n
d
F
e
) a
r
e
kn
o
w
n as nat
u
ral
ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
s[
13]
. T
h
i
s
st
udy
aim
e
d t
o
com
p
are t
h
e
ant
i
oxi
dant
act
i
v
i
t
y
of ext
r
ac
t
s
and
fract
i
o
ns of
F.
benj
ami
n
a
and
A. ret
i
c
ul
at
a
leaves a
g
ainst
1,1-di
phe
n
y
l-2-p
i
crilh
ydr
azyl (DPPH).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
06
IJP
H
S
V
o
l
.
4,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
2
1
– 26
22
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
2.
1.
Ma
terials
F. be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
and
A. reticu
l
ate
l
eaves obt
ai
ned
fr
om
M
a
n
o
k
o
,
West
Java, Indonesia.
All chem
ica
l
s
wi
t
h
anal
y
t
i
cal
gra
d
e are
DP
PH,
vi
t
a
m
i
n C
,
et
her,
hy
d
r
oc
h
l
ori
c
aci
d, s
u
l
f
uri
c
aci
d
,
et
ha
nol
, am
y
l
al
cohol
,
n
-
hexa
ne, et
hy
l
a
cet
at
e, am
m
onia, chl
o
ro
fo
rm
,
m
a
gnesi
um
,
Drage
n
do
rf
f an
d
M
a
y
e
r reagent
,
iro
n
(I
II
) chlo
ride
,
g
e
latin
, v
a
n
illi
n
,
and
p
o
t
assi
um
h
y
d
r
ox
id
e.
2.
2.
Samples
Preparation
Si
m
p
licia
mac
e
rated
with
70% eth
a
n
o
l
fo
r
3
d
a
ys. Each
day, th
e so
lv
en
t
ch
ang
e
d
with
th
e fresh
on
e.
All
m
acerat
collected
and va
porated with rotary
rotava
por.
Dissol
v
e 10
g of etha
no
lic extract with aquade
st
to obtai
n 100
m
L
solution, then
done
liquid liqui
d extrac
tion with
n-he
xane
a
n
d ethyl acetate, threetim
es for
each sol
v
ent.
All fraction co
llected and vaporated. Phyt
ochem
i
cal sc
reening was c
o
nducted t
o
sim
p
licia,
ex
tract,
and
fractio
n
with
Fr
a
n
sworth m
e
thods[14].
2.
3.
Anti
oxi
dan
t
A
c
ti
vi
t
y
Determ
i
n
ati
o
n
Di
ssol
v
e 4 m
g
of DP
PH
wi
t
h
96% et
ha
n
o
l
i
n
1
00 m
L
vol
u
m
et
ri
c fl
ask (4
0
g/m
L
). Di
ssol
v
e
5 m
g
o
f
v
itam
i
n
C an
d 50
m
g
of
sam
p
les (
e
x
t
r
act
an
d fr
actio
n of
F. b
e
nj
ami
n
a
an
d
A. ret
i
c
ul
at
a
) with
96
%
et
h
a
no
l,
each in 100 m
L
volum
e
tric fl
ask, the
n
diluted the
s
o
lutio
ns
to prior c
once
n
tration.
The DPPH
ra
dical
was use
d
for
the determ
ination
of
free radical-sca
venging activity
of the
e
x
tracts
and
f
r
act
i
ons
.
The m
odi
fi
ed
m
e
t
hod
of
O
k
a
d
a a
nd
O
k
ada
(1
9
9
8
)
w
a
s em
pl
oy
ed
[
15]
.
A
po
rt
i
o
n (
2
m
L
) of t
h
e
diffe
re
nt conce
n
trations of extract
, fraction
or
vita
m
i
n C,
each in tube,
was adde
d with 3 m
L
of 40
g/m
L
DPP
H
. T
h
e m
i
xt
u
r
es were
vo
rt
exe
d
and i
n
c
ubat
e
d i
n
a
dark cham
ber for 30 m
i
n, then the abs
o
rba
n
cies were
m
easured at
5
17
nm
usi
ng s
p
ect
r
o
p
h
o
t
o
m
e
t
e
r (
Ra
y
LE
IGH).The
blank
was96% et
hanol in place
of
sam
p
le.
Percen
tag
e
scav
eng
i
ng
acti
v
ity was calcu
lated
u
s
ing
t
h
is fo
rm
u
l
a
:
% of
DPPH i
n
h
i
b
itio
n =
[(Ab-Aa)/Ab
]
x 100
W
h
er
e
A
a
and A
b
ar
e
th
e
abs
o
rb
an
c
e
v
a
lu
es
o
f
th
e
sam
p
le and t
h
e bla
n
k, re
spectively
.
A pe
rce
n
t
in
h
i
b
ition
v
e
rsu
s
co
n
c
en
tration
cu
rv
e
was
p
l
o
tted
an
d th
e co
n
c
en
tration
o
f
sam
p
le req
u
i
red
for
5
0
%
inhib
iti
on
was
determ
ined a
n
d expresse
d as
IC
50
val
u
e
.
3.
RESULTS
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ON
3.
1.
Samples
Preparation
Maceration is
a cold ext
r
action m
e
thod. These
m
e
t
hods
was conducted t
o
m
a
xim
a
l extraction
of the
en
tire second
ary
m
e
tab
o
lites in
th
e sam
p
le.
A. ret
i
c
ul
at
a
leave
s
(6.94%)
has m
o
re soluble seconda
r
y
metab
o
lites in
7
0
%
eth
a
no
l co
m
p
ared
to
F. Benjamina
leav
es (5
.68
%
). Liqu
id
liq
u
i
d
ex
traction
was
co
ndu
cted
t
o
sep
e
rate t
h
e seco
nd
ary m
e
tab
o
lite
s b
a
sed
o
n
its p
o
l
arity[1
6
]
.
W
a
ter
fraction o
f
F.
benj
ami
n
a
an
d
A.ret
i
c
ul
at
a
bigge
r t
h
an ethy
l acetate and
n-he
xane
fraction (Ta
b
le 1). W
e
co
nclude
d that the m
a
jority of
secon
d
a
ry m
e
t
a
b
o
lites in bo
t
h
sam
p
les were th
e
p
o
l
ar seco
nd
ary m
e
tab
o
lites.
Tabel 1. Fracti
o
n
Rendem
ent
Sa
m
p
le
n
-
Hexane (
%
)
Ethyl A
cetate
(%)
Wate
r (%
)
F
.
benjamina
4.
66
11.
92
82.
00
A
.
reticulata
23.
60
21.
98
54.
00
Tab
l
e
2
.
Ph
ytoch
e
m
i
cal Co
n
s
titu
en
ts of
F. ben
j
am
ina
and
A
.
ret
i
c
ul
at
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Comparative A
n
tioxidant
Activity
on
The
Fic
u
sbenj
a
mi
na and A
n
nonar
eti
c
ulata.... (NyiMekar
S
aptarini)
23
Sam
p
le Gr
oup
Sim
p
licia
E
t
hanolic
Extract
n
-Hexane
Fraction
Ethyl A
cetate
Fraction
Wate
r
Fraction
F
.
benjamina
Alk
a
lo
id
-
-
-
-
-
Polyphenolic +
+
-
-
+
Tan
n
i
n
-
-
-
-
-
Saponin
-
-
-
-
-
Quinone
+
+
-
-
+
Flavonoid
+
+
+
+
+
M
onoter
penoid /
sesquiter
p
enoid
+
+ -
- -
Stero
i
d
an
d
triterp
en
o
i
d
-
-
-
-
-
A
.
reticulata
Alk
a
lo
id
-
-
-
-
-
Po
lyp
h
e
n
o
lic -
-
-
-
-
Tan
n
i
n
-
-
-
-
-
Saponin
+
+
-
-
+
Quinone
-
-
-
-
-
Flavonoid
+
+
+
+
+
M
onoter
penoid /
sesquiter
p
enoid
- -
-
-
-
Stero
i
d
an
d
triterp
en
o
i
d
-
-
-
-
-
+ = detecte
d
,
-
= undetecte
d
Phy
t
oc
hem
i
cals are sy
nt
hesi
z
e
d by
pl
ant
f
o
r
sel
f
defe
nse fr
om
pat
hoge
ns
and e
nvi
ro
nm
ent
a
l
st
ress.
These
phytoche
m
i
cals can also
used to c
u
re
several
dis
ease
s
. It ca
n
be stat
ed that t
h
e
phy
tochem
icals are the
com
pou
nd t
h
at
det
e
rm
i
n
ed t
h
e
m
e
di
cal
pot
ent
i
a
l
of any
pl
ant
.
Phy
t
oc
he
m
i
cal scr
eening with col
o
r reaction
m
e
thod wa
s conducted to determ
ine the group of se
c
o
nda
ry m
e
tabolites in th
e sam
p
le. Phytochem
i
cal
screeni
n
g showed ext
r
act tha
t
has t
h
e
sam
e
constituents as
si
m
p
licia (Table
2).
It's
m
ean that m
aceratio
n
wit
h
7
0
% eth
a
no
l can
ex
tract all group
s
o
f
second
ary m
e
tab
o
lites in
sim
p
licia.
All eth
a
n
o
lic ex
tract and
fractio
n
of
F. be
nj
ami
n
a
a
nd
A. ret
i
c
ul
at
a
co
nt
ai
n fl
av
on
oi
ds
(Tabl
e
2
)
.
Jain
et al
(
2013
) w
a
s fou
nd th
at m
e
th
an
o
lic ex
tr
act
of
F.
b
e
jam
i
na
l
e
a
v
es ha
d
hi
gh
l
e
vel
of
p
h
e
nol
i
c
(
4
.
0
0
6
m
g
gal
l
i
c
aci
d
equi
val
e
nce/
g)
and fl
av
o
noi
d
s
(1
6.
00
5 m
g
que
rcet
i
n
aci
d
equi
val
e
nce/
g)
[10]
. Fl
a
v
o
n
o
i
d
s are
t
h
e p
h
en
ol
i
c
com
pou
nd
s, w
h
i
c
h are sy
nt
hes
i
zed by
pl
a
n
t
s
due t
o
ada
p
t
a
t
i
on i
n
res
p
o
n
se
t
o
bi
ot
i
c
an
d
abi
o
t
i
c
st
resses (i
n
f
ect
i
on,
wat
e
r st
re
ss, col
d
st
ress
,
and hi
g
h
vi
si
bl
e l
i
ght
) [
17]
.
Fl
avo
noi
ds i
n
hi
bi
t
t
h
e oxi
da
t
i
on
r
eactio
n thr
oug
h r
a
d
i
cal scav
eng
i
ng
m
echanism
s
by donating a
n
electron to
t
h
e
unpa
ired electrons
in free
radicals.
In
vitro
,
flavonoi
ds
are
pote
n
t inhibitor to lipi
d
pero
xidation, as acatche
r
of reactive
oxy
g
en or
n
itrog
en
sp
ecies, and
also
ab
le to
i
n
h
i
b
it th
e lip
o
o
x
y
g
e
n
ase a
n
d cy
cl
oo
xy
ge
nase
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
[18]
-
[
2
0
]
. Th
e
an
tio
x
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity o
f
ph
eno
l
ic co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
d
e
p
e
nd
o
n
th
ei
r m
o
lecu
lar stru
cture,
b
a
sed
on
th
e av
ailab
ility o
f
p
h
e
no
lic h
ydrog
ens,
w
h
ich
r
e
su
lt in
t
h
e for
m
atio
n
o
f
ph
en
ox
yl r
a
d
i
cals due to
h
ydr
og
en
d
o
n
a
tion
[
21
].
3.
2.
Anti
oxi
dan
t
A
c
ti
vi
t
y
Determ
i
n
ati
o
n
Tabl
e
3.Pe
rse
n
t
a
ge o
f
In
hi
bi
t
i
on
Sam
p
l
e
t
o
DPP
H
R
a
di
cal
s
Sa
m
p
le
Concentr
ation
(p
p
m
)
%
inhibition
Sa
m
p
le
Concentr
ation
(p
p
m
)
%
inhibition
F
.
benjamina
E
t
hanolic
extract
40
34.
82
A
.
reticulata
E
t
hanolic
extract
100
33.
40
80
38.
03
150
34.
76
100
44.
87
200
42.
88
120
48.
71
250
45.
14
160
56.
83
300
54.
62
Wate
r
fr
action
40
35.
04
W
a
ter
fr
action
50
31.
60
80
40.
59
100
38.
14
100
46.
15
150
42.
66
120
53.
84
200
44.
01
160
87.
07
250
57.
78
Eth
y
l
acetate
fr
action
40
32.
26
E
t
hy
l
acetate
fr
action
200
29.
11
80
36.
96
250
32.
50
100
49.
78
300
46.
27
120
55.
34
350
48.
08
160
57.
47
400
52.
14
n-
hexane
fr
action
100
17.
37
n-
hexane
fr
action
200
31.
60
150
21.
09
300
32.
50
200
21.
58
400
39.
50
250
24.
56
500
42.
66
300
51.
86
600
44.
01
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
06
IJP
H
S
V
o
l
.
4,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
2
1
– 26
24
Natural antioxi
dants
from
m
e
dicinal
pla
n
ts a
r
e a
good choi
ce to cont
rol oxidative st
ress. Because
of
n
a
tural orig
i
n
, th
ese co
m
p
oun
d
s
are
u
s
u
a
ll
y n
on tox
i
c.
An
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
s up
on
i
n
teraction
with
DPPH rad
i
cals
t
r
ans
f
er a
pr
ot
on t
o
D
P
P
H
r
a
di
cal
s by
di
re
ct
abst
ract
i
o
n
of
p
h
en
ol
H
-
a
t
om
s and el
ect
ro
n t
r
a
n
sfe
r
pr
ocess,
thus neutralizi
ng its free ra
dical character, whic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce DPP
H
-
H
(
2
,
2
-
d
i
p
he
ny
l
-
1
-
pi
cry
l
hi
drazy
n)
, i
.
e
DPPH
with
less reactiv
ity.Th
e
DPPH rad
i
cals so
l
u
t
i
on
was
p
u
r
p
l
e
, beca
use t
h
e un
pai
r
e
d
ni
t
r
o
g
e
n
el
ect
rons
[
22]
.
The abs
o
rba
n
c
e
of 4
0
p
p
m
D
PPH ra
di
cal
s s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n was
0.
44
3. T
h
ese rea
c
t
i
on was s
h
o
w
ed
wi
t
h
co
lor
alter
a
tion
f
r
o
m
p
u
r
p
le
to
yello
w w
ith ab
so
rb
an
ce
r
e
d
u
c
tion at 517 n
m
. Th
e d
e
gree of
d
i
sco
l
o
u
r
a
tion
i
ndi
cat
es t
h
e s
caven
gi
n
g
pot
ent
i
a
l
of t
h
e a
n
t
i
oxi
dant
s
[2
3]
,[
24]
.
Ant
i
o
x
i
d
a
n
t
act
i
v
i
t
y
were m
easure
d
f
r
om
reactio
n of th
e sam
p
le (ex
t
racts an
d fraction
s
) and
v
ita
mi
n
C so
lu
tion
s
with
DPPH so
l
u
tio
n, th
en
p
e
rcen
tage
of
DPP
H
i
n
hi
bi
t
i
on
were c
o
unt
e
d
(Ta
b
l
e
3
)
.T
he IC
50
val
u
e o
f
ext
r
act
s
and
fract
i
o
ns
werec
o
unt
e
d
fr
om
t
h
e
l
i
n
ear re
gressi
on e
quat
i
on
o
f
t
h
e cu
rve
of
conce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
s
vers
us% i
n
h
i
bi
t
i
on (Ta
b
l
e
4)
. M
o
re sm
all
e
rt
he
IC
50
v
a
lu
e, it’smean
m
o
re
h
i
gh
er an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity.Th
e
an
tio
x
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity was
do
se
d
e
p
e
nd
en
t m
a
nn
er.
Jain
et al
(20
1
3
) wa
s determ
ined the
IC
50
v
a
lu
e for th
e meth
ano
lic ex
tract o
f
F. be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
leaves
was 5
9
.
07
pp
m
[
10]
. Jam
kha
nde
et al
(
2
0
1
4
) wa
s determ
ined the
IC
50
v
a
lu
e for th
e meth
ano
lic ex
tract o
f
A.
ret
i
c
ul
at
e
ro
ot
s was 1
0
8
.
71
ppm
[2
5]
. Thes
e val
u
es l
o
wer
t
h
an o
u
r
res
u
l
t
s
. These w
e
re
due t
o
di
f
f
ere
n
ces i
n
th
e so
lv
en
t an
d th
e
p
a
rt
of t
h
e p
l
an
t
wh
ich used
i
n
ex
tr
actio
n, so
t
h
at th
e
co
n
t
en
t
o
f
secon
d
a
ry m
e
tab
o
lites in
the ext
r
acts wa
s differe
n
t.
Table4.The IC
50
Valu
e
of Sam
p
le
Sam
p
le
L
i
near
Regression E
quation
R
2
IC
50
F
.
benjamina
E
t
hanolic extr
act
y
=
0.
1918x+25.
4
7
5
0.
9638
127.
86
W
a
ter
fr
action
y
=
0.
4233x+10.
2
0
3
0.
8515
94.
01
E
t
hy
l acetate fr
action
y
=
0.
235x+22.
86
0.
8786
115.
48
n-
hexane fr
action
y
=
0.
144x – 1.
946
0.
6720
335.
50
A
.
reticulata
E
t
hanolic extr
act
y
= 0.
1056x + 21.
0
3
2
0.
9421
274.
31
W
a
ter
fr
action
y
= 0.
1165x + 25.
3
6
9
0.
9090
211.
42
E
t
hy
l acetate fr
action
y
= 0.
1233x + 4.
63
6
0.
9184
367.
91
n-
hexane fr
action
y
= 0.
0350x + 24.
0
6
2
0.
9320
741.
08
Vita
m
i
n C
y
=
5.
3525x+12.
4
9
7
0.
9149
7.
00
Tab
l
e 4 show
ed
th
at th
e
F. ben
j
am
ina
water fractio
n h
a
s
th
e b
e
st an
tioxid
a
n
t
activ
ity (IC
50
94
.0
1
ppm
) com
p
ared to the ot
her
extracts and fractions,
bot
h
F
.
benj
ami
na
and
A. ret
i
c
ul
at
a.
F. benj
ami
n
a
water
fract
i
o
n c
ont
ai
ns
pol
y
p
h
e
nol
s
,
q
u
i
n
o
n
es, a
n
d
fl
av
on
oi
d
s
.
Al
l
t
h
ese st
r
u
ct
ur
e ha
vi
n
g
t
h
e
h
y
d
r
oxy
l
g
r
ou
p
whi
c
h
can donate hy
droge
n
to inte
ra
ct with DPPH
radical to
produce the
DP
PH-H
.A
co
m
p
ou
nd
is
categorize
d
as a
very
st
r
o
n
g
ant
i
oxi
da
nt
w
h
en
t
h
e IC
50
v
a
lu
e is less th
an
50
p
p
m
, stro
ng
antio
x
i
d
a
n
t
if th
e IC
50
v
a
lu
e is 50
-100
ppm
,
m
i
l
d
ant
i
oxi
dant
i
f
t
h
e
IC
50
val
u
e i
s
1
0
0
-
15
0
ppm
, and
wea
k
ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
i
f
t
h
e
I
C
50
val
u
es i
s
1
5
0
-
20
0
ppm
[2
2]
. T
h
e
F. b
e
n
j
am
ina
water fraction categorized a
s
stro
ng
an
tioxid
a
n
t
.
Th
e
F. Benjamina
et
han
o
lic
extract and et
hyl acetate fra
ction categoriz
ed as m
ild
antioxida
nt. T
h
e
rem
n
ants are
considered
have no
an
tio
x
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity.
The
rat
i
o
of
a
n
t
i
oxi
da
nt
act
i
v
i
t
y
oft
h
e
IC
50
valu
e
of
F. be
nj
ami
n
a
and
A. r
e
t
i
c
ul
at
e
to
v
ita
m
i
n
C (7
p
p
m
) was d
e
term
in
ed
to
co
mp
are th
e sam
p
le reactiv
ity to
DPPH rad
i
cals.Th
e
F. be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
water fra
ction
h
a
d
t
h
e b
e
st ratio
to
v
itami
n
C (Tab
le 5
)
. Th
is m
ean
s th
at th
e
F. be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
water fraction
was
p
o
t
ent
ant
i
oxi
dant
t
o
be devel
ope
d.
Tabl
e5
.Th
e
A
n
t
i
oxi
da
nt
Act
i
v
i
t
y
R
a
t
i
oof
F.
be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
an
d
A.
ret
i
c
ul
at
a
to
V
i
t
a
mi
n
C
Sa
m
p
le
IC
50
(pp
m
)
Ratio
F
.
benjamina
E
t
hanolic extr
act
127.
86
1 :18.
26
W
a
ter
fr
action
94.
01
1: 13.
43
E
t
hy
l acetate fr
action
115.
48
1: 16.
49
n-
hexane fr
action
335.
50
1: 46.
57
A
.
reticulata
E
t
hanolic
extr
act
274.
31
1:39.
18
W
a
ter
fr
action
211.
42
1:30.
20
E
t
hy
l acetate fr
action
367.
91
1:52.
55
n-
hexane fr
action
741.
08
1:105.
8
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Comparative A
n
tioxidant
Activity
on
The
Fic
u
sbenj
a
mi
na and A
n
nonar
eti
c
ulata.... (NyiMekar
S
aptarini)
25
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
The e
x
tract and fractions of t
h
e
A. r
e
t
i
c
ul
at
e
l
eaves are c
o
nsi
d
e
r
ed
ha
ve
no a
n
t
i
o
xi
da
nt
act
i
v
i
t
y
. In
F. be
nj
a
m
i
n
a
leav
es, th
e
n
-
h
e
x
a
n
e
fraction
is co
n
s
i
d
ered
hav
e
no
an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity, eth
a
no
lic ex
tract an
d
ethyl acetate fraction a
r
e cat
egorized as m
ild antioxida
nt, and the
wate
r fraction is
c
a
tegorized as
strong
ant
i
oxi
dant
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
We th
ank
Pu
tri
Fajrin
a Yud
a
an
d Ro
sm
iati fo
r th
eir techn
i
cal sup
p
o
r
t.
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e
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:
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ce
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c
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ro)toxi
c
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a
zza G.
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S
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IJP
H
S
V
o
l
.
4,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
2
1
– 26
26
BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
Full nam
e
NIP
N
y
i Mekar
Saptarini
19761016 20060
4 2 001
Birth
Pandeglang
,
16
Oktober 1976
Expert
is
e
P
h
arm
aceuti
cal
Anal
y
s
is
and M
e
dicin
a
l Ch
em
is
try
Occupation
Lecturer
Affilia
tion
Facult
y
of Phar
m
a
c
y
Universit
a
s Padjadj
a
ran
Office
address
Jl. Ray
a
B
a
ndun
g-Sumeda
ng Km.21,Jatinangor
,W
est Java, 4536
3
Telp/Fax
: 022-7
796200/022-7796200
Email address
n
y
i.
mekar
@unpad.ac.id
mkrny
i
@gma
i
l
.
c
om
Full nam
e
NIK
Irm
a Erik
a Her
a
wati
140090379/0.14
0
Birth
Bandung 7 Maret 1979
Expertise Biolog
y
Pharmacy
Occupation
Lecturer
Affilia
tion
Departem
ent
of
Pharm
a
c
y
, FMI
P
A, Universitas
Al-Ghifari
Office
address
Jl. Cisar
a
ntenKulon No.140
Soek
arno-Hatta B
a
nd
ung, West Jav
a
40293
Telp/Fax
: 022-7
806223/ 022-78
35813
Em
ail addres
s
irm
aerika@
ya
ho
o.com
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