Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
u
bli
c Hea
lt
h S
c
ie
nce (IJPH
S)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
4,
Decem
ber
20
19
, p
p.
385~
390
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806,
DOI: 10
.11
591/ij
phs.
v8
i
4.203
62
385
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al
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ps://
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ind
ex.
php/IJP
H
S
C
lin
ical conditio
ns and hi
story of
illn
ess
am
ong
t
ermin
al
chronic
kid
ney disease
pa
tients
Ti
ti
e
k Hiday
ati
1
,
Ar
ya
Ad
in
ingrat
2
,
Ak
r
om
3
1
Public
He
al
th
a
nd
Fam
ily
m
edic
ine
,
Medi
ca
l
and
Hea
l
th
Sc
ie
nc
e F
ac
ulty
,
Univ
ersit
as
Muham
m
adiy
ah
Yog
y
akarta,
Indone
sia
2
Molec
ul
ar
Med
i
ci
ne
and
The
r
ap
y
rese
a
rch
,
Medi
ca
l
and
Hea
l
th
S
ci
en
ce,
Unive
rsit
as
Muham
m
adiy
ah
Yog
y
akarta
,
Indone
sia
3
Pharm
ac
olog
y
a
nd
Cli
ni
cal
Phar
m
acy
Depa
r
tment,
Pharm
a
c
y
Fa
cul
t
y
,
Univ
ersit
a
s Ahm
ad
Dahla
n
,
Indone
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
27
, 201
9
Re
vised
Oct
2
0
, 2
01
9
Accepte
d
Nov
2
1
, 201
9
End
-
stage
ren
al
dise
ase
(
ESRD)
is
on
e
of
the
public
health
proble
m
s
in
Indone
sia.
Thi
s
stud
y
ai
m
ed
to
d
et
ermine
the
clin
ic
a
l
cond
it
ion
of
pre
m
orbid
and
the
incidence
of
ESRD
.
Th
e
stud
y
d
esign
is
a
ca
se
-
con
trol.
Th
e
num
ber
o
f
volunt
e
ers
invol
ved
in
thi
s
stud
y
was
100
p
atie
nts
.
Th
e
c
ase
s
were
ESRD
pat
i
ent
s
who
were
determ
ine
d
b
y
the
cr
it
er
ia
of
Pe
rne
fri
and
the
co
ntrol
s
were
pat
i
ent
s
from
th
e
sam
e
hospit
al
who
were
not
E
SR
D
by
th
e
req
uire
m
ent
s
of
ESRD
Perne
fri.
Inc
lusion
cr
it
e
ri
a
of
the
stud
y
sam
ple
were
ESRD
suffere
rs
nee
d
rou
ti
ne
he
m
odia
l
y
sis
and
d
oct
or
'
s
di
agnosis
supported
b
y
la
b
ora
tor
y
d
at
a
,
15
-
75
y
e
ars
o
ld
and
w
i
ll
ing
to
fi
ll
out
inform
co
nsent.
Ex
cl
usion
cr
it
e
ria
for
the
s
tud
y
s
ample
were
p
atient
s
w
i
th cong
eni
t
al
k
id
ne
y
dise
ase
,
Hav
e a
histo
r
y
of
kidn
e
y
tra
nsp
la
nts,
and
m
enta
l
d
isorder
.
W
e
c
oll
e
ct
ed
d
emographi
c
da
ta,
and
patient
’s
cl
inica
l
and
drug
histor
y
from
m
edica
l
r
ec
ords.
Chi
-
square
an
aly
sis
with
2x2
t
a
ble
s
and
th
e
Fis
her
'
s
ex
act
te
st
were
used
to
det
ermine
th
e
re
la
ti
onship
of
c
linical
condi
t
ions
and
histor
y
of
d
isea
se
with
the
inc
id
ence
o
f
ESRD
.
The
r
esult
s
show
ed
t
hat
ane
m
ia,
h
yper
gl
y
c
emia
,
and
h
y
per
tr
igly
c
eri
demia
we
re
r
e
la
t
ed
to
th
e
pre
v
al
en
ce
of
ESRD
.
Histor
y
o
f
h
y
per
te
nsion
,
d
i
abe
t
es
m
el
l
it
us,
d
y
slip
ide
m
ia,
an
d
famil
y
histor
y
of
ESRD
ar
e
associa
t
ed
with
an
in
creased
in
cidenc
e
of
ESRD
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
C
ase
-
co
ntr
ol
ESRD
H
ype
rg
ly
cem
i
a
H
ype
rtriglyc
er
idem
ia
Hype
rtensio
n
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Akro
m
,
Ph
a
rm
acolog
y
and Cl
inica
l P
har
m
acy
Dep
ar
t
m
ent, P
ha
rm
a
cy
Facu
lt
y
,
Un
i
ver
sit
as
A
hm
a
d
Da
hlan, Y
og
ya
kar
ta
,
Indon
e
sia
.
Em
a
il
: akr
om@p
har
m
.u
ad
.a
c.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
En
d
-
sta
ge
re
na
l
disease
(E
S
RD)
now
a
nd
in
the
fu
t
ur
e
is
world
hea
lt
h
pro
blem
s
i
nclu
ding
in
Ind
on
esi
a
[1
-
2]
.
Term
inal
ch
r
on
ic
re
nal
fail
ure
occurs
w
hen
the
glo
m
eru
la
r
filt
rati
on
rate
(
LFG)
is
le
ss
th
an
15
m
l/m
inu
te
/
1.
73
m
2
f
or
th
ree
m
on
ths
or
m
or
e
or
creat
ini
ne
cl
earance
<
5
m
l/m
inu
te
a
nd
se
ru
m
creati
nin
e
le
vels
ar
e
m
or
e
tha
n
or
eq
ual
to
10
m
g/
m
L
[3
-
5]
.
I
n
Ind
on
esi
a
,
th
e
incide
nce
a
nd
p
re
valence
of
ESRD
are
at
100
-
150
and
20
0
-
250
pe
r
1
m
illi
on
popula
ti
on
per
ye
ar.
It
was
de
te
rm
ined
that
there
we
re
m
or
e
tha
n
7,000
ESR
D
patie
nts
in
I
ndonesi
a
[6
-
8]
.
The
m
or
ta
li
ty
rate
of
patie
nts
with
ESR
D
5
-
10x
is
not
E
SRD.
The
m
or
ta
li
ty
rate
of
E
SRD
pa
ti
ents
in
the
first
ye
ar
of
il
ln
ess
reac
hed
20
%
an
d
inc
rease
d
to
60%
in
t
he
fifth
ye
ar
[9
-
12]
.
I
n
2030
ESR
D
is
est
i
m
at
ed
to
con
t
rib
ute
30
%
to
the
cau
s
e
of
death
in
t
he
w
or
l
d
[
1,
11,
13]
.
Be
sides
the
i
nc
reasin
g
inci
de
nce,
prevale
nc
e,
an
d
m
or
ta
li
ty
rate
of
E
S
RD,
wh
at
nee
ds
to
be
co
ns
i
der
e
d
is
the
sig
nifica
nt
cost
of
care
f
or
ESRD
patie
nts
[14
-
15]
.
E
SRD
do
e
s
no
t
on
ly
ca
us
e
ph
ysi
cal
,
econom
ic
an
d
ps
yc
holo
gical
dam
age
to
suf
fer
e
rs
bu
t
al
s
o
a
bur
de
n
on
fam
i
li
es,
as
w
el
l
as
the
sta
te
so
t
hat
effo
r
ts
are
pr
e
ve
ntive
an
d
prom
otive
[7,
16]
.
In
li
ne
w
it
h
the
res
ults
of
oth
e
r
stu
die
s,
previ
ou
s
res
erache
r
[
17]
re
ported
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2252
-
8806
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
Vo
l
.
8
, N
o.
4
,
Dec
2019
:
385
–
390
386
that
nea
rly
50%
of
ESR
D
pa
ti
ents
w
ho
do
hem
od
ia
ly
sis
at
PKU
Mu
ham
m
adiy
ah
Y
ogya
kar
ta
hos
pital
ha
ve
a
low q
ualit
y of
l
ife
[
14,
18]
.
Un
ti
l
now
,
t
re
atm
ent
or
t
rea
t
m
ent
of
patie
nts
with
ESR
D
rests
on
tw
o
a
ct
ion
s
,
na
m
el
y
kid
ne
y
trans
plantat
io
n
or
unde
rgoin
g
dialy
sis
to
r
eplace
per
m
anen
tl
y
dam
aged
ki
dn
ey
f
un
ct
i
on
[
19]
.
Bot
h
kidney
trans
plantat
io
n
and
hem
od
ia
ly
sis
are
act
ions
that
require
high
costs
,
an
d
the
res
ults
are
not
sat
isfac
tory.
Du
e
to
t
he
i
nc
reasin
g
num
ber
of
E
SRD
s
uffer
e
rs
i
n
I
ndon
esi
a,
it
is
nece
ssary
t
o
de
velop
a
pr
e
ven
ti
ve
a
nd
prom
otive
pro
gr
am
in
the
fie
ld
of
ne
phr
ology.
I
den
ti
fyi
ng
pr
em
or
bi
d
cl
inica
l
risk
f
act
ors
an
d
oth
er
bi
ologica
l
factors
as
a
ba
sis
for
cl
inica
l
decisi
on
m
aki
ng
sho
uld
be
identifie
d
[
6,
20
-
22]
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
no
t
al
l
ESR
D
ris
k
factors
in
I
nd
on
e
sia
ha
ve
ye
t
to
be
ide
ntifie
d.
T
her
e
f
ore
this
re
searc
h
nee
ds
t
o
be
done
in
I
ndonesi
a
.
The
pu
rpose
of
the
stud
y,
i
n
ge
ner
al
,
was
to
determ
ine
the
relat
ion
sh
i
p
of
pr
em
or
bi
d
cl
in
ic
al
con
diti
ons
with
the incid
ence
of ESR
D.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2
.
1.
Ty
pe
an
d
design
of
th
e
stu
d
y
This
stu
dy
wa
s
an
ob
se
r
vationa
l
analy
ti
c
study
with
a
case
-
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
desi
gn.
E
SRD
patie
nts
as
a
case
gro
up,
w
hile
non
E
SRD
vo
lun
te
ers
w
ho
are
by
or
with
ou
t
sm
ok
in
g
a
s
a
co
ntr
ol.
D
at
a
gathe
red
a
t
PK
U
Muh
am
m
adiy
a
h
Yogyaka
rta
Ho
s
pital
,
Ba
ntu
l
pu
blic
H
ospit
al
,
Slem
an
public
H
ospit
al
,
an
d
Panti
R
api
h
Ho
s
pital
in Sp
eci
al
Region of
Yog
ya
kar
ta
(SR
Y)
.
2
.
2
.
Res
earc
h
subject
The
po
pula
ti
on
was
patie
nts
diag
no
s
ed
with
te
rm
inal
chr
on
ic
r
enal
fail
ur
e
for
no
m
or
e
tha
n
thre
e
m
on
ths,
with
diag
nosti
c
crit
e
ria
nam
el
y
cr
eat
inine
cl
eara
nce
<5m
l/m
inu
te
or
bloo
d
ser
um
creati
nin
e
le
vel
gr
eat
er
or
e
qu
a
l
to
10
m
g/d
l
w
hich ca
n
be
known
from
m
ed
ic
al
reco
r
ds
a
nd
re
quires
c
onti
nuous
hem
od
i
al
ysi
s.
In
cl
us
io
n
c
rite
ria
f
or
resea
rc
h
s
ubj
ect
s:
Indonesia
n
s
(Javanese,
S
unda
ne
se,
Ma
la
y);
a
ges
15
-
65
ye
a
rs
old
;
w
il
li
ng
to
pa
r
ti
ci
pate
in
re
sea
rch
by
fill
in
g
ou
t
a
nd
sig
ning
the
a
greem
e
nt
an
d
c
oope
ra
ti
ve
sta
tem
ent
sh
eet
s
;
and
new
E
SR
D
p
at
ie
nts
nam
el
y
est
ablishin
g
a
diag
nosis
of
E
SRD
in
patie
nts
with
or
le
ss
tha
n
th
ree
m
on
ths.
Re
search
s
ubj
e
ct
s
who
ha
ve
be
en
sel
ect
ed
th
rou
gh
incl
u
sio
n
crit
eria
will
be
excl
ud
e
d
f
r
om
the
stud
y
su
bject
s
if:
hav
e
c
onge
nital
kid
ney
disease,
ki
dn
ey
t
ran
s
plant
histo
ry,
m
ental
i
ll
ness.
The
m
ini
m
um
nu
m
ber
of
sam
ples
need
e
d
f
or
t
he
case
is
44
pe
op
le
.
W
it
h
a
c
omparis
on
of
between
cases
a
nd
co
ntr
ol
is
1:
2
,
the
nu
m
ber
of
con
t
ro
ls
gro
up
is
88
patie
nts
.
T
he
m
inim
u
m
nu
m
ber
of
resea
rc
h
s
ubje
ct
s
is
1
32
pe
ople
.
Sam
pling
i
s
done
by
c
ons
ecuti
ve
rand
om
sa
m
pli
ng.
2
.
3
.
To
ols
and ma
terials
.
The
t
oo
ls
a
nd
m
at
erial
s
in
thi
s
stu
dy
incl
ude
eq
uip
m
ent
f
or
pri
m
ary
data
c
ollec
ti
o
n
(
qu
es
ti
on
nai
res),
seco
nd
a
ry d
at
a
co
ll
ect
ion f
orm
s,
che
m
ic
al
s,
and
glasswa
re.
2.
4
.
Oper
ati
onal
va
ri
ab
le
s
an
d
def
ini
tions
of rese
arch
Inde
pende
nt
va
riables
wer
e
gende
r,
b
ody
weig
ht
(B
W),
age
a
nd
sm
ok
ing
act
ivit
y
as
well
as
bl
oo
d
cotinine
le
vels.
The
dep
e
nden
t
var
ia
ble
is
E
SRD
.
Term
inal
chro
nic
kidne
y
disease
is
a
per
sist
e
nt
(m
ore
tha
n
three
m
on
t
hs
)
kidney
f
unct
io
n
disor
der
an
d
requires
a
kidn
ey
trans
plant
or
routine
dialy
s
is
to
re
place
ki
dn
ey
functi
on;
kidn
ey
abnor
m
al
it
i
es
ar
e
m
easur
e
d
by
a
dec
reas
e
in
G
FR
<5
m
l/m
inu
te
or
se
r
um
creati
nin
e
le
vels
gr
eat
er
t
han
or
eq
ual
to
10
m
g/d
L.
YES
i
f
the
res
ponde
nt
m
ee
ts
la
bo
r
at
or
y
crit
eria
or
requires
a
kidney
trans
plant
or
unde
rgoes
he
m
od
ia
ly
sis.
NO
,
if
t
he
res
ponde
nt
do
es
not
m
eet
la
bo
r
at
or
y
c
rite
ria
or
nee
ds
a k
id
ney tra
nsp
la
nt or
underg
oi
ng
hem
od
ia
ly
sis.
2.
5
.
C
ollec
tio
n
d
ata
pr
oce
d
ure
Me
asur
i
ng
ins
trum
ents
us
e
d
in
this
stu
dy
include
(i)
Q
ue
sti
onnaire,
use
d
t
o
obta
in
pri
m
ary
data
dem
og
ra
ph
ic
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
a
nd
sm
ok
ing
ha
bits
of
res
pond
ents.
(ii)
The
da
ta
colle
ct
ion
f
or
m
is
us
ed
t
o
colle
ct
seco
nd
a
ry
data
ta
ke
n
from
m
edical
record
bo
oks
or
patie
nt
sta
tus
wh
ic
h
i
nclu
de
nam
e,
age
,
gende
r
,
pr
e
vious
pain
a
nd m
edicat
ion
diag
nosis data,
laborat
ory
d
at
a an
d pati
ent cl
inica
l m
anifest
at
ion
s.
2.
6
.
O
per
ati
onal li
mi
tatio
ns
In
gen
e
ral,
da
ta
colle
ct
ion
i
n
t
his
stu
dy
was
car
ried
out
by
i
nterv
ie
ws,
ob
se
r
vatio
n,
an
d
direct
m
easur
em
ents.
Pr
im
ary
data
ab
ou
t
ESRD
pain
histo
ry
a
nd
sm
ok
in
g
histor
y
wer
e
col
le
ct
ed
by
st
ruct
ur
e
d
intervie
ws
wit
h
guide
d
qu
est
ionnaires.
O
rig
inal
data
ab
ou
t
the
chara
ct
erist
ic
s
and
cl
inic
al
m
anifestat
ion
s
of
the
s
ubj
ect
is
obta
ined
by
di
re
ct
m
easur
e
m
ent.
Sec
ondar
y
da
ta
on
dem
og
ra
ph
ic
cha
ra
ct
eri
sti
cs
an
d
pain
hi
story
and
treat
m
ent
of
re
searc
h
subj
ect
s
wer
e
ta
ken
from
m
edical
rec
ords
an
d
sup
plem
ente
d
by
i
nter
view
s
wit
h
assist
ed
f
orm
s
of d
at
a c
ollec
ti
on and
quest
io
nn
ai
res.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Cl
inical co
nd
it
ion
s
an
d hist
ory
o
f i
ll
ness a
m
ong
te
r
minal c
hr
onic
ki
dn
ey
disease
pati
ent
s
…
(
Tit
ie
k H
id
aya
ti
)
387
The
im
ple
m
en
ta
ti
on
phase
in
cl
ud
es
act
ivit
ie
s
in
the
fiel
d
as
well
as
in
the
la
borato
ry
as
fo
ll
ows:
(i)
Pr
im
ary
da
ta
colle
ct
ion
i
n
t
he
sam
ple
by
inte
rv
ie
w
usi
ng
a
quest
io
nn
ai
re
pro
vid
e
s
f
or
t
he
i
de
ntit
y
of
the
re
spo
nd
e
nt,
so
ci
o
-
ec
onom
i
c,
sm
ok
in
g
be
ha
vior,
disease
da
ta
obta
ined
f
r
om
the
patie
nt'
s
m
edical
reco
r
d
a
nd
oth
e
r
rela
te
d
da
ta
with
resear
ch
va
riables.
S
ubj
ect
s/v
olunte
ers
w
ho
ha
ve
fasted
8
-
12
ho
ur
s
m
easur
e
d
blood
pr
ess
ure,
waist
ci
rc
um
fer
ence
,
body
wei
gh
t,
an
d
heig
ht
for
t
he
determ
inati
on
of
body
m
ass
inde
x
(B
MI)
.
Pr
ospect
ive
subj
ect
s
w
ho
m
et
the inclusi
on
c
rite
ria h
av
e
ex
plained
t
he
pu
r
po
s
e of the st
udy an
d
we
re as
ked
t
o
fill
ou
t
an
inf
orm
ed
con
se
nt
sh
eet
as
proof
of
t
he
pa
rtic
ipati
on
of
the
s
ubj
ect
s
in
t
he
researc
h
a
nd
fi
ll
ou
t
the
qu
est
io
nnai
re.
The
case/
co
ntr
ol
s
ubj
ect
s
wer
e
ta
ke
n
for
5
m
l
of
bloo
d
f
ro
m
the
a
nterio
r
c
ub
it
al
m
edian
vein
.
3
m
l
of
blood
was
centri
fug
ed
at
3000
g
f
or
15
m
inu
te
s.
The
ser
um
is
us
e
d
t
o
e
xam
ine
creati
ni
ne,
BUN
,
rand
om
blo
od g
luc
os
e,
trigly
ceride,
ch
olest
ero
l
le
vels,
a
nd
othe
r
e
xam
inati
on
s.
E
xam
ina
ti
on
o
f
creati
ni
ne
a
nd
la
borator
y l
e
ve
ls was
ca
rr
ie
d ou
t
by the
s
pec
tro
photo
m
et
er me
tho
d, as
was
don
e
b
y
previ
ou
s
r
es
earc
her
s
[
23
]
.
2.
7
.
D
ata an
al
ys
is
Chi
-
s
qu
a
re
a
na
ly
sis
with
2x2
or
3x
2 t
a
bles
w
it
h Fi
sh
e
r'
s
exa
ct
te
st
was
us
e
d t
o asse
ss
t
he
relat
ion
s
hip
of cli
nical
or
bio
lo
gical
con
diti
on
s
and ill
nes
s h
ist
ory
to
the
incide
nce
of
E
SRD
.
2.
8
.
R
es
earc
h
e
th
ic
s
Be
cause
it
in
volves
hum
an
re
sp
on
de
nts,
it
e
xp
la
ine
d
t
o
al
l
pros
pecti
ve
res
pondents
ab
out
the
purpose
and
ob
j
ect
ives
of
the
resear
ch,
t
he
be
ne
fits
an
d
e
xp
ect
e
d
us
es
a
nd
th
e
co
ns
eq
ue
nce
s
of
the
res
pond
e
nt
(info
rm
ed
con
s
ent), i
n
a
ddit
ion
to
the m
anage
m
ent o
f
et
hic
al
clea
ran
ce
(
N
o
KEPK/8
47
/EC
)
.
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
3
.
1
.
O
verv
ie
w
of
r
esp
ondent
s
The
resea
rch
s
ubj
ect
s
c
onsist
ed
of
53
ESR
D
patie
nts
as
t
he
case
s
a
nd
106
non
ESRD
patie
nts
as
the
co
ntr
ols
,
or
i
gin
at
in
g
f
r
om
4
hosp
it
a
ls
in
S
pecial
Re
gion
of
Yogyaka
rta
(
SRY),
nam
ely
PKU
Muh
am
m
adiy
a
h
Yogyaka
rta
pr
i
vate
H
ospit
al
,
Slem
an
regi
on
al
public
H
os
pital
,
a
nd
B
antul
reg
i
on
al
public
Ho
s
pital
.
The
dem
og
ra
phic
co
nd
it
io
ns
of
rese
arch
s
ubj
ect
s
a
ccordin
g
to
a
ge
gro
up,
sex
,
ty
pe
of
w
ork,
a
nd
le
vel
of ed
ucati
on as
w
el
l as t
ho
se
re
spon
si
ble for
m
edical
ex
pe
nse
s ar
e
prese
nted
in
Ta
ble 1.
Table
1.
T
he
dem
og
ra
phic
ch
aracte
risti
cs
of
ESRD
patie
nts
in the
S
pecial
Re
gion
of
Y
ogya
kar
ta
.
No
Res
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts ch
arac
teristics
Re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
t statu
s
Total
P
Cas
es (CKD
)
Co
n
trol
1
Ho
sp
ital
PKU Yog
y
ak
arta
h
o
sp
ital
1
9
(
3
3
.3%
)
3
8
(
6
6
.7%
)
5
7
(
1
0
0
% )
1
PKU G
a
m
p
in
g
ho
sp
ital
6
(
3
3
.3%
)
1
2
(
6
6
.7%
)
1
8
(
1
0
0
% )
Ban
tu
l r
eg
io
n
al hosp
ital
2
5
(
3
3
.3%
)
5
0
(
6
6
.7%
)
7
5
(
1
0
0
% )
Sle
m
an
regio
n
al ho
sp
ital
3
(
3
3
.3%
)
6
(
6
6
.7%
)
9
(
1
0
0
% )
2
Sex
Male
3
5
(
3
3
.3%
)
7
0
(
6
6
.7%
)
1
0
5
(
1
0
0
% )
0
.56
8
Fe
m
ale
1
8
(
3
3
.3%
)
3
6
(
6
6
.7%
)
5
4
(
1
0
0
% )
3
Ag
e gro
u
p
16
-
3
0
y
ear
5
(
3
1
.2%
)
1
1
(
6
8
.8%
)
1
6
(
1
0
0
% )
0
.99
8
31
-
4
5
y
ear
1
5
(
3
3
.3%
)
3
0
(
6
6
.7%
)
45
(10
0
% )
46
-
6
0
y
ear
2
5
(
3
3
.8%
)
4
9
(
6
6
.2%
)
7
4
(
1
0
0
% )
>6
0
y
ear
8
(
3
3
.3%
)
1
6
(
6
6
.7%
)
2
4
(
1
0
0
% )
4
Edu
catio
n
No
3
(
2
1
.4%
)
1
1
(
7
8
.6%
)
1
4
(
1
0
0
%)
0
.26
7
ele
m
en
ta
ry
1
4
(
2
8
.0%
)
3
6
(
7
2
.0%
)
5
0
(
1
0
0
%)
Yu
n
io
r
h
ig
h
sch
o
o
l
5
(
2
1
.7%
)
1
8
(
7
8
.3%
)
23
(10
0
%)
Sen
io
r
h
ig
h
sch
o
o
l
2
1
(
4
4
.7%
)
2
6
(
5
5
.3%
)
4
7
(
1
0
0
%)
Un
iv
ersity
1
0
(
3
3
.3%
)
1
5
(
6
6
.7%
)
9
(
1
0
0
%)
5
Jo
b
Militar
y
,
po
lice or
Go
v
ern
m
en
t e
m
p
l
o
y
ees
1
3
(
5
2
.0%
)
1
2
(
4
8
%)
2
5
(
1
0
0
%)
0
.08
5
Private an
d
self
-
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
9
(
3
6
.0%
)
1
6
(
6
4
.0%
)
2
5
(
1
0
0
%)
Far
m
e
rs,
labo
rer
s,
an
d
ar
tisan
s
1
5
(
2
3
.8%
)
4
8
(
7
6
.2%
)
6
3
(
1
0
0
%)
No
job
1
6
(
3
4
.8%
)
3
0
(
6
5
.2%
)
4
6
(
1
0
0
%)
6
Ass
u
rance
No
1
(
5
.3%
)
1
8
(
9
4
.7%
)
1
9
(
1
0
0
%)
0
.00
1
Private h
ealth
Ass
u
rance
1
9
(
5
4
.3%
)
1
6
(
4
5
.7%
)
3
5
(
1
0
0
%)
Pu
b
lic health
assu
rance
33
(31
.4%
)
7
2
(
6
8
.6%
)
1
0
5
(
1
0
0
%)
7
Mar
ital
statu
s
Yes
5
2
(
3
3
.5%
)
1
0
3
(
6
6
.5%
)
1
5
5
(
1
0
0
%)
0
.59
3
No
1
(
2
5
.0%
)
3
(
7
5
.0%
)
4
(
1
0
0
%)
Most
of
the
r
esearch
sub
j
ec
ts
wer
e
betwe
en
46
-
60
ye
ar
s
old
(50.3%
),
fo
ll
owe
d
by
the
ge
ner
al
gro
up
31
-
45
ye
ars
(
27%)
.
>6
0
ye
ars
(18.2
%)
an
d
16
-
30
ye
ars
(
7.4%).
The
diff
e
re
nce
in
the
distrib
ut
ion
of
researc
h
s
ubj
ec
ts base
d on age
grou
ps
betwee
n
E
SRD
patie
nt
s and
no
t E
SR
D was
no
t
dif
f
eren
t
(p
>
0.0
5).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2252
-
8806
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
Vo
l
.
8
, N
o.
4
,
Dec
2019
:
385
–
390
388
3
.
2
.
O
verv
ie
w
of
resp
ondent
s' cl
ini
cal co
n
ditions
An
over
view
of
cl
inica
l
a
nd
la
borato
ry
co
nd
it
io
ns
is
pr
e
sented
i
n
Ta
bl
e
2
.
The
ta
ble
shows
that
t
he
ave
ra
ge
Hb,
eryt
hrocyt
es,
le
ukocyt
es,
a
nd
hem
at
ocr
it
lev
el
s
of
t
he
E
S
RD
gr
oup
wer
e
lowe
r
t
han
the
con
t
ro
l
gro
up
(p
<
0.0
5).
Bl
ood
gluc
ose
,
urea,
a
nd
c
reati
nin
e
le
vel
s
in
the
E
SRD
gro
up
wer
e
hi
gh
e
r
tha
n
the
con
t
ro
l
gro
up (p<0
.05
)
. Anem
ia
is o
ne
of the
d
ist
in
guishi
ng f
act
ors
in han
dlin
g
E
SRD
patie
nts
[
24
]
.
Table
2.
Cl
inic
a
l and la
borat
ory
con
diti
on
s
of
ESR
D pati
ent
s
No
Res
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts ch
arac
teristic
Cas
es
Co
n
trol
p
1
Ag
e
4
8
.34
±1
1
.15
4
8
.18
±1
1
.32
0
.96
2
2
Bo
d
y
weigh
t
5
7
.23
±8
.0
6
5
7
.62
±9
.0
1
0
.78
7
3
BMI
2
2
.21
±2
.7
9
2
2
.33
±3
.2
7
0
.80
9
4
Hb
level
8
.24
±1
.46
1
2
.93
±1
.8
1
0
.00
0
*
5
Er
itroc
y
tes
2
.89
±0
.56
4
.58
±0
.58
0
.00
0
*
6
Leuco
cy
tes
7
.08
±2
.06
9
.24
±3
.21
0
.00
0
*
7
Thro
m
b
o
cy
tes
2
4
2
.26
±
6
5
.23
2
4
9
.33
±
6
8
.17
0
.53
3
8
Hae
m
a
to
crit
2
3
.54
±2
.9
0
3
8
.73
±5
.6
2
0
.00
0
*
9
Blo
o
d
glu
co
se ad
r
an
d
o
m
(RBG)
1
2
0
.87
±
2
3
.22
1
0
7
.72
±
1
3
.87
0
.00
0
*
10
h
y
p
ertr
ig
ly
se
ride
m
ia
1
1
8
.46
±
5
6
.18
1
1
5
.63
±
3
8
.18
0
.74
2
11
Ureu
m
lev
el
1
5
5
.76
±
4
2
.81
2
1
.65
±7
.8
2
0
.00
0
*
12
Creatin
in
e level
8
.83
±2
.97
0
.75
±0
.24
0
.00
0
*
13
Glo
m
erula
r
f
iltrati
o
n
r
ate (
G
FR)
5
.81
±2
.97
1
0
4
.89
±
2
0
.05
0
.00
0
*
No
te:*
=p
<0
.05
3
.
3
.
Bi
vari
at
e
analysis
of cli
nical a
nd bi
ol
og
ic
al conditi
on
s wi
t
h
ES
R
D
e
vents
The
relat
io
ns
hi
p
of
the
bio
l
ogic
al
an
d
cl
ini
cal
cha
racteri
sti
cs
of
res
pond
ents
with
t
he
incide
nce
of
ESRD
is
pr
ese
nted
i
n
Ta
ble
3.
This
ta
ble
re
ve
al
s
that
the
in
ci
den
ce
of
ES
RD
is
relat
ed
t
o
cl
inica
l
co
ndit
ion
s
.
An
em
ia
is
relat
ed
to
the
i
ncide
nce
of
ESRD
A
nem
ic
con
diti
ons
(Hb<
12
m
g%
)
hav
e
a
37x
ESRD
risk
co
m
par
ed
t
o
not
anem
ic
.
RB
G
sta
tus
>120
m
g
/
m
l
i
ncr
ease
s
the
r
isk
of
ESR
D
2.79x
(p
<
0.0
5).
T
he
c
onditi
on
of
hype
rtriglyc
eri
dem
ia
(TG
le
ve
l>
200
m
g/d
l)
increases
t
he
risk
of
E
SRD
5.42x.
The
bo
dy
m
ass
ind
ex
is
n
ot
relat
ed
to
the i
ncide
nce
of ES
RD.
T
he res
ults o
f
the
stu
dy a
re in l
ine
with
oth
e
r
stu
dies
[
23,
25]
.
Table
3.
Rel
at
ion
s
hi
p betwee
n
the
cl
inica
l c
har
act
erist
ic
(BMI,
haem
og
lo
bin
,
RB
G, an
d t
riglyc
erides
)
with E
SRD e
ve
nts
Clin
ical bio
lo
g
y
characte
ristic
Cas
es
co
n
trolled
Total
OR;
CI;9
5
%
P
BMI
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
Lean
6
(31
.6%
)
1
3
(68
.4%
)
1
9
(10
0
%)
1
0
.85
6
No
r
m
al
3
7
(35
.6%
)
6
7
(64
.4%
)
1
0
4
(100%
)
0
.84
(
.29
-
2
.38
)
0
.73
7
Fat
6
(28
.6%
)
1
5
(71
.4%
)
2
1
(10
0
%)
1
.15
(
.29
-
4
.47
)
0
.83
6
Ob
esity
4
(26
.7%
)
1
1
(73
.3%
)
1
5
(10
0
%)
1
.27
(
.28
-
5
.68
)
0
.75
5
Hb
level
<1
2
5
1
(54
.3%
)
4
3
(45
.7%
)
9
4
(10
0
%)
3
7
(
8
.63
-
1
6
1
.6
8
)
0
.00
0
>=1
2
2
(3.1
%)
6
3
(96
.9%
)
6
5
(10
0
%)
RBG
>1
2
0
2
1
(51
.2%
)
2
0
(48
.8%
)
4
1
(10
0
%)
2
.79
(
1
.33
7
-
5
.817)
0
.00
5
<=1
2
0
3
2
(27
.4%
)
8
5
(
7
2
.6%
)
1
1
7
(100%
)
Hy
p
ert
rilgerid
e
m
ia
>2
0
0
5
(71
.4%
)
2
(28
.6%
)
7
(10
0
%)
5
.42
(
1
.01
4
-
8
.922)
0
.04
2
<=2
0
0
4
8
(31
.6%
)
1
0
4
(68
.4%
)
1
5
2
(100%
)
3.
4
.
Bi
vari
at
e
analysis
rela
t
ionship
betwe
en resp
on
d
ent
's histor
y
and
ESRD eve
nt
s
Pr
e
-
m
orbid
c
onditi
ons
that
in
crease
the
risk
of
E
SRD
e
ven
t
s
are
prese
nted
in
Table
4.
T
he
resu
lt
s
of
the
st
ud
y
s
howed
that
s
om
e
hist
or
y
of
t
he
disease
was
r
el
at
ed
to
the
i
ncide
nce
of
E
SRD.
Hist
or
y
of
DM,
hype
rtensio
n, hype
rcholest
er
olem
ia
has
bee
n
s
how
n
to
inc
rease
t
he
i
ncid
ence o
f
E
SRD.
The
f
am
i
ly
histor
y o
f
the
E
SRD
is
a
lso
relat
ed
t
o
t
he
prevale
nce
of
ESR
D.
O
pp
or
t
un
it
ie
s
for
ESRD
eve
nts
in
re
spo
nd
e
nts
wit
h
a
histo
ry
of
D
M
34x
tha
n
without
a
histor
y
of
DM.
O
pport
unit
ie
s
for
ESR
D
eve
nts
in
res
pondents
with
a
histo
ry
of
hy
per
te
ns
io
n
8x
t
han
re
sponde
nts
did
no
t
ha
ve
a
history
of
hyp
e
rtensi
on.
Fam
i
ly
histor
y
of
E
SRD
pa
in
i
s
8.6
ti
m
es
m
or
e
tha
n
fam
ilie
s
wit
hout
a
histor
y
of
E
SR
D.
T
he
res
ults
of
t
he
stu
dy
are
i
n
acc
orda
nce
wit
h
the
re
su
lt
s
of
previ
ous
st
udie
s
[1,
26]
,
excep
t
obesi
ty
.
Dia
betes
m
el
li
tus
(D
M
),
hype
rtensio
n
(
HTN),
ob
e
sit
y
and
ca
rd
i
ov
asc
ular
di
sease
ha
ve
at
tr
ibu
te
d
t
o
the
r
apid
rise
in
the
inciden
ce
of
CKD
i
n
m
os
t
par
ts
of
the wo
rld, espe
ci
al
ly
in
dev
el
op
i
ng cou
ntrie
s
[
1]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Cl
inical co
nd
it
ion
s
an
d hist
ory
o
f i
ll
ness a
m
ong
te
r
minal c
hr
onic
ki
dn
ey
disease
pati
ent
s
…
(
Tit
ie
k H
id
aya
ti
)
389
Table
4.
Rel
at
ion
s
hi
p of
previ
ou
s
il
lness
histor
y
with E
SR
D
e
ven
ts
in res
pondents
Illnes
s h
isto
ry
Cas
es
co
n
trolled
Total
OR, CI
95
%
p
DM
Yes
2
1
(
9
1
.3%
)
2
(8.7
%)
2
3
(
1
0
0
%)
3
4
(
7
.58
–
1
5
3
.48
)
0
.00
0
no
3
2
(
2
3
.5%
1
0
4
(
7
6
.5%
)
1
3
6
(100%
)
Hy
p
ertensi
o
n
Yes
3
7
(62
.7%
)
2
2
(37
.3%
)
5
9
(
1
0
0
%)
8
(
4
.17
-
1
8
.71
)
0
.00
0
no
1
6
(16
.0%
)
8
4
(84
.0%
)
1
0
0
(
1
0
0
%)
Hip
ercho
lestero
le
m
i
a
Ya
1
8
(58
%)
1
3
(42
%)
3
1
(10
0
)
3
(
1
.6
–
8
.29
)
0
.00
1
Tidak
3
5
(27
%)
9
3
(73
%)
1
2
8
(100%
)
ESRD in f
a
m
i
ly
Yes
4
(80
%)
1
(20
%)
5
(
1
0
0
%)
8
(
0
.93
–
7
8
.7
1
)
0
.04
3
No
4
9
(31
.8%
)
1
0
5
(68
.2%
)
1
5
4
(
1
0
0
%)
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
cl
inica
l
c
onditi
ons
of
hy
pergly
ce
m
ia
,
hy
per
tri
glyc
er
idem
ia
,
an
d
a
nem
ia
are
ass
ociat
ed
with
the
inci
den
c
e
of
E
SRD
.
History
of
diabetes,
hy
per
c
ho
le
ste
r
ol
e
m
ia
,
hyper
te
ns
io
n,
an
d
fam
i
ly
histor
y
with
ESRD
are also
r
el
at
ed
to
the
pre
valence
of
ESR
D
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Tha
nk
yo
u
t
o
UMY
that
pro
vid
e
d
resea
rch
f
unding
thr
ou
gh
a
m
ulti
discipli
nar
y
resear
ch
gr
a
nt
a
t
Re
search
Insti
tute an
d
c
omm
un
it
y ser
vice.
REFERE
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