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in
g
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
p
eo
p
le
to
s
ta
y
at
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
d
i
s
tan
ci
n
g
[
2
]
.
R
ec
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
d
r
o
p
lets
ar
e
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
d
is
ea
s
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
d
th
at
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
m
o
s
tl
y
m
an
i
f
e
s
ts
in
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
i
m
p
air
ed
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
6
]
.
Vir
u
s
-
lo
ad
ed
d
r
o
p
le
ts
o
r
ig
i
n
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
u
cu
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
a
r
e
ex
p
elled
w
h
en
s
o
m
eo
n
e
co
u
g
h
s
o
r
s
n
ee
ze
s
.
E
ar
l
y
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
th
e
eld
er
ly
a
n
d
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
r
e
s
e
v
er
e
in
f
ec
ti
o
n
s
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
f
o
r
p
o
o
r
o
u
tco
m
e
s
[7
]
-
[
9]
.
I
n
C
h
in
a,
p
atien
t
s
w
it
h
p
r
e
-
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
s
u
c
h
as
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
d
is
ea
s
e,
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
,
ch
r
o
n
ic
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
ea
s
e,
ca
n
c
er
,
an
d
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
to
h
a
v
e
a
h
i
g
h
f
atalit
y
r
ate
[
1
0
]
.
Ma
ln
u
tr
itio
n
is
a
co
n
d
it
io
n
wh
er
e
t
h
e
b
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ac
r
o
-
a
n
d
m
icr
o
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
m
etab
o
lis
m
r
ea
ctio
n
s
i
s
n
o
t
ac
h
iev
ed
.
T
h
e
d
ef
icit
o
f
b
o
th
t
y
p
es
o
f
n
u
tr
ien
ts
w
ill
d
eter
io
r
ate
th
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
in
cr
e
ase
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e’
s
p
r
ed
is
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
an
i
m
al
s
tu
d
ies,
p
r
o
tein
d
ef
ici
t
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
v
ir
u
s
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
a
n
tib
o
d
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
l
u
en
za
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
[
1
1
]
.
Vi
r
u
s
m
an
if
e
s
tatio
n
,
m
ic
r
o
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
p
r
e
-
ex
is
ti
n
g
co
m
o
r
b
id
itie
s
s
i
g
n
if
y
d
is
ea
s
e
s
e
v
er
it
y
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
.
T
h
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
-
d
e
f
ic
ien
c
y
-
r
elate
d
f
ac
to
r
s
m
i
g
h
t
wo
r
s
en
d
is
ea
s
e
s
e
v
er
it
y
,
b
u
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
n
d
is
ea
s
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
u
tr
it
io
n
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
li
m
i
ted
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
is
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
Sin
ce
C
OVI
D
-
19
is
a
n
ew
d
is
ea
s
e
w
it
h
s
o
m
a
n
y
u
n
d
is
clo
s
ed
asp
ec
ts
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
d
is
ea
s
e
s
r
e
p
o
r
ted
as
a
p
r
o
m
p
t
to
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
AR
DS
i
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
atien
ts
ar
e
h
y
p
er
te
n
s
io
n
,
d
iab
etes
m
ellit
u
s
,
ca
r
d
io
v
asc
u
lar
d
is
ea
s
es
(
C
VD)
,
co
r
o
n
ar
y
h
ea
r
t
d
is
ea
s
e
[9
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
C
en
tr
e
f
o
r
D
is
ea
s
e
P
r
ev
en
t
i
o
n
an
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
C
D
C
)
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
d
iab
ete
s
m
ellit
u
s
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
co
m
o
r
b
id
ities
as
it
s
ti
m
u
la
tes
C
VD
t
h
at
ca
u
s
es
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
o
f
t
h
e
p
ati
en
t
s
to
b
e
ad
m
itted
to
th
e
in
te
n
s
iv
e
ca
r
e
u
n
it
(
I
C
U)
[
1
4
]
.
P
atien
ts
w
ith
s
ev
er
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
an
d
d
iab
etes
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
ese
n
t
s
e
v
er
e
in
f
la
m
m
a
to
r
y
in
d
icato
r
s
a
n
d
a
h
i
g
h
er
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
r
ate
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
o
n
-
d
iab
etic
p
atie
n
ts
.
A
Ne
w
Yo
r
k
h
o
s
p
ita
l
r
ep
o
r
t
s
tated
th
at
p
atien
t
s
w
i
t
h
a
h
i
g
h
b
o
d
y
m
as
s
i
n
d
ex
(
B
MI
)
>
4
0
k
g
/
m
2
al
s
o
h
a
v
e
a
h
i
g
h
r
is
k
o
f
b
ei
n
g
ad
m
itted
to
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital
af
ter
o
ld
er
ag
e.
W
h
ile
in
Fra
n
ce
,
p
atien
ts
w
it
h
a
B
MI
≥
3
5
k
g
/m
2
r
eq
u
ir
e
in
v
asi
v
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
v
e
n
tilatio
n
[
1
0
]
.
B
ein
g
o
b
ese
w
o
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
v
ir
al
lo
ad
,
ex
ten
d
th
e
v
ir
u
s
s
h
ed
d
in
g
p
er
io
d
to
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
[
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
o
n
o
f
C
VD,
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
d
ef
icien
c
ies
w
o
r
s
en
t
h
e
s
ev
er
i
t
y
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
A
r
ev
ie
w
f
o
r
th
e
U
S
P
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
Ser
v
ice
T
ask
Fo
r
ce
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
v
ita
m
in
s
a
n
d
m
i
n
er
als
w
i
ll
cr
ea
te
b
en
ef
its
i
n
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
c
h
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
s
a
n
d
n
u
r
tu
r
e
h
ea
lt
h
[
1
5
]
.
Ob
esit
y
i
s
a
s
ig
n
o
f
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
en
er
g
y
i
n
ta
k
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
b
o
d
y
,
a
s
i
tu
at
io
n
t
h
at
m
i
g
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
m
icr
o
n
u
tr
ien
t
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
r
is
k
.
P
eo
p
le
w
i
th
o
b
esit
y
te
n
d
to
h
av
e
a
lo
w
er
v
ita
m
i
n
D
(
1
,
2
5
-
d
ih
y
d
r
o
x
y
v
ita
m
i
n
D/ca
lcitr
io
l)
lev
el,
w
h
ich
p
la
y
s
a
r
o
le
in
p
ath
o
g
en
ici
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
f
la
m
m
atio
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
n
u
tr
ien
t
s
h
o
r
tag
e
an
d
m
a
ln
u
tr
itio
n
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
is
ea
s
e
s
ev
er
it
y
.
L
o
w
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
s
tat
u
s
i
s
li
k
el
y
to
b
e
r
elate
d
to
h
i
g
h
er
o
x
id
ativ
e
s
tr
es
s
le
v
el
s
a
n
d
i
n
f
la
m
m
atio
n
s
tat
u
s
th
at
ca
n
i
m
p
a
ir
i
m
m
u
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
h
ig
h
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
n
u
tr
ie
n
t
i
n
ta
k
e
an
d
d
iet
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
t
o
b
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
[
1
7
]
.
Su
f
f
icie
n
t
e
n
er
g
y
in
ta
k
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ca
r
e
is
also
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
Natio
n
al
Hea
lth
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
eo
p
le'
s
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
a
n
d
th
e
Natio
n
al
A
d
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
C
h
in
e
s
e
Me
d
icin
e
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
l
th
o
u
tco
m
es
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
o
f
n
u
tr
itio
n
in
d
r
i
v
in
g
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ai
m
s
to
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
n
u
tr
ie
n
ts
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
h
ea
lt
h
is
s
u
e
s
li
n
k
ed
t
h
e
C
O
VI
D
-
19
p
an
d
e
m
i
c.
T
h
is
is
a
r
ev
ie
w
th
at
h
as
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
to
en
r
ich
an
d
e
m
p
h
asize
n
u
tr
itio
n
's
r
o
le
in
p
r
ev
e
n
t
i
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
19
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
a
m
id
s
t
th
i
s
p
an
d
e
m
ic
b
y
elab
o
r
atin
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
n
u
tr
ien
t
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
tatu
s
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
m
o
r
ta
lit
y
i
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
atien
ts
.
I
t i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
t
h
at
th
e
n
ar
r
ativ
e
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
ill
b
e
ab
le
to
ass
i
s
t t
h
e
p
o
lic
y
m
a
k
er
s
i
n
d
ec
id
in
g
o
n
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
v
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
w
as
a
r
etr
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
ar
t
icles
r
elate
d
to
C
OVI
D
-
19
an
d
n
u
tr
itio
n
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
f
r
o
m
J
an
u
ar
y
1
to
Ma
y
2
,
2
0
2
0
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
e
n
g
in
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1
9
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1
9
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R
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[
2
0
]
S
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me
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e
c
t
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n
[
1
9
]
.
3
.
1
.
Dis
cu
s
s
io
n
s
C
OVI
D
-
19
h
as
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B
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an
d
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p
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n
eti
c
m
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h
a
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m
s
[
2
5
]
.
Vita
m
i
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B
6
(
p
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5
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m
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r
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[
2
6
]
.
T
h
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in
s
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n
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k
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f
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tag
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p
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v
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m
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d
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n
d
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d
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f
la
m
m
a
t
io
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[
2
7
]
.
Vita
m
in
D
is
an
o
t
h
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m
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tr
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2
5
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(
2
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(
OH)
D)
is
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s
el
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m
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s
tr
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k
e,
an
d
k
id
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d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
2
8
]
.
Vita
m
i
n
D
is
c
lin
icall
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p
r
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v
en
to
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ed
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b
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ti
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p
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d
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in
s
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s
.
Vita
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also
s
tr
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i
m
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f
p
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T
h
1
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f
a
cto
r
α
(
T
NFα
)
a
n
d
in
ter
f
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γ
[
2
1
]
.
Oth
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m
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tl
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V
it
a
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,
A
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ir
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zin
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f
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m
m
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s
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s
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m
[
1
9
]
.
B
etter
m
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tatu
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Fo
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P
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l
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AR
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in
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t.
J
.
P
u
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci.,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
21
:
304
–
310
308
co
n
v
er
ti
n
g
e
n
z
y
m
e
(
AC
E
)
in
h
ib
ito
r
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
in
f
la
m
m
a
ti
o
n
[
9
]
.
So
m
e
f
in
d
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n
g
s
f
r
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m
s
ev
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s
t
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s
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ated
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AC
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2
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th
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p
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f
v
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s
S
AR
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
to
en
ter
t
h
e
ce
ll
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
b
in
d
in
g
o
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s
w
it
h
AC
E
2
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to
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s
is
m
ai
n
l
y
co
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tain
ed
i
n
th
e
a
lv
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lar
ce
lls
o
f
th
e
lo
w
er
r
esp
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ato
r
y
tr
ac
t.
Du
r
i
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g
th
e
b
in
d
i
n
g
p
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o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
in
f
l
a
m
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
in
ter
f
er
e
w
it
h
th
e
i
m
m
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n
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
e
n
g
a
g
ed
f
o
r
an
tig
e
n
-
p
r
esen
ti
n
g
m
ater
ial
s
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
s
o
d
iu
m
in
tak
e
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
AC
E
2
r
ec
ep
to
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ex
p
r
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io
n
w
h
ich
w
i
ll
lo
w
er
th
e
r
is
k
f
o
r
b
ein
g
co
n
tr
ac
ted
an
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
ev
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e
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
2
3
]
.
A
m
eta
-
an
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l
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s
is
o
f
eig
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t
r
ep
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r
ts
,
t
h
at
co
v
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m
o
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e
th
a
n
4
5
,
0
0
0
p
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w
it
h
C
O
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D
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19
,
co
n
f
ir
m
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t
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p
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te
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s
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h
as
a
h
ig
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r
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s
k
o
f
C
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D
-
1
9
d
is
ea
s
e
t
h
a
t
in
cr
ea
s
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t
h
e
m
o
r
talit
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r
ate
[
3
1
]
,
f
o
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b
y
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iab
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m
ellit
u
s
a
n
d
o
th
er
d
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s
es
[
1
0
]
.
M
ac
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t
s
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s
o
p
la
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m
aj
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in
s
u
p
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th
e
i
m
m
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y
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m
.
L
o
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s
t
h
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in
ated
f
r
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ad
eq
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I
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au
s
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p
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ce
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.
T
h
e
I
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u
m
ed
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On
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I
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s
co
n
s
u
m
e
2
.
2
kg
o
f
f
i
s
h
an
d
9
.
4
kg
o
f
m
ea
t
p
er
y
ea
r
p
er
ca
p
ita
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tein
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
I
n
d
o
n
esian
ad
u
l
t
s
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
5
6
-
60
g
f
o
r
d
aily
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
3
3
]
.
P
r
o
tein
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
in
f
ec
tio
n
d
ef
e
n
s
e
ag
en
t
b
y
e
x
er
ti
n
g
t
h
e
g
u
t
-
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
l
y
m
p
h
o
id
tis
s
u
e
(
G
AL
T
)
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
,
ac
tiv
e
i
m
m
u
n
o
g
lo
b
u
li
n
s
.
De
f
icien
t
p
r
o
tein
i
n
ta
k
e
w
ill
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
lu
n
g
in
f
ec
t
io
n
,
h
y
p
er
-
in
f
la
m
m
a
tio
n
,
an
d
g
en
er
ate
m
o
r
talit
y
[
1
7
]
.
W
eig
h
t
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
is
a
n
o
th
er
cr
u
cial
is
s
u
e
to
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
e
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
p
an
d
em
ic.
T
h
e
q
u
ar
an
ti
n
e
p
er
io
d
m
a
y
r
es
u
lt
i
n
u
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
ea
ti
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
a
s
ed
e
n
tar
y
li
f
est
y
le
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
p
r
ed
is
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
cli
n
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
w
eig
h
t
-
o
b
esit
y
p
atie
n
t
s
ar
e
at
r
is
k
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
u
s
c
ep
tib
ilit
y
an
d
p
r
o
n
e
to
d
ie.
E
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
to
ap
p
l
y
a
h
ea
l
th
y
a
n
d
b
alan
ce
d
d
iet
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
ti
v
it
y
w
il
l
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ad
v
an
tag
e
i
n
t
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
s
ea
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
l
o
n
g
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
ta
y
in
g
at
h
o
m
e
d
i
s
co
u
r
ag
e
s
p
eo
p
le
f
r
o
m
allo
ca
tin
g
e
x
tr
a
ti
m
e
f
o
r
ex
e
r
cisi
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
ten
d
en
c
y
to
s
it
,
w
atch
tele
v
is
io
n
,
p
la
y
g
a
m
e
s
,
an
d
o
p
er
at
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
g
ad
g
ets
.
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
in
cr
em
e
n
t
o
f
B
MI
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
l
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
e
n
d
p
o
in
t
f
o
r
th
e
o
v
er
w
eig
h
t
a
n
d
o
b
esit
y
ca
te
g
o
r
y
,
o
d
d
s
r
atio
(
OR
)
[
9
5
%
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
(
C
I
)
]
,
1
.
5
8
[
0
.
7
7
–
3
.
2
4
]
an
d
2
.
5
8
[
1
.
2
8
–
5
.
3
1
]
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
el
y
.
E
SP
E
N
i
s
a
n
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
o
ciet
y
th
at
p
u
t
t
h
is
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
a
n
d
is
s
u
ed
a
n
u
t
r
itio
n
al
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
o
s
e
w
it
h
o
r
w
it
h
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
19
r
is
k
.
T
h
o
s
e
w
it
h
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
m
o
r
b
id
ities
(
p
o
ly
m
o
r
b
id
)
an
d
eld
er
l
y
s
h
o
u
ld
p
ay
m
o
r
e
at
ten
t
io
n
to
n
u
tr
itio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
co
n
s
u
m
ed
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
d
iet
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
h
i
g
h
s
at
u
r
ated
f
ats,
s
u
g
a
r
s
,
r
ef
in
ed
ca
r
b
o
h
y
d
r
ates
,
a
n
d
s
alt
s
h
a
v
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
o
b
esit
y
a
n
d
ca
r
d
io
v
ascu
lar
d
is
ea
s
e
,
i
n
cr
e
ased
r
is
k
f
o
r
b
ein
g
in
f
ec
ted
b
y
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
an
d
,
w
h
e
n
in
f
ec
ted
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
r
is
k
o
f
m
o
r
talit
y
a
n
d
s
e
v
er
e
d
is
ea
s
es
[
2
2
]
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
Seattle
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
o
b
ese
p
atie
n
ts
w
it
h
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
r
is
k
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
to
r
ec
eiv
e
v
en
tilatio
n
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
an
d
d
ied
.
Ov
er
w
ei
g
h
t
an
d
o
b
esit
y
i
n
C
OVI
D
-
19
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
e
v
er
e
p
n
eu
m
o
n
ia
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
n
o
r
m
a
l
b
o
d
y
w
ei
g
h
t
[
1
0
]
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
a
n
d
b
alan
ce
d
d
iet
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
n
u
tr
ie
n
ts
to
m
a
i
n
tai
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
n
c
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
d
ietar
y
p
atter
n
te
n
d
s
to
co
n
tain
h
i
g
h
f
at
a
n
d
lo
w
f
ib
er
.
T
h
e
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
i
n
ta
k
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
co
n
tain
i
n
g
s
atu
r
ated
f
att
y
ac
id
(
SF
A
)
m
a
y
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
f
o
r
p
r
o
in
f
la
m
m
ato
r
y
i
n
d
icato
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
m
i
g
h
t
w
o
r
s
e
n
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
s
ev
er
it
y
[
3
5
]
.
N
u
tr
ien
t
s
th
at
ar
e
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
in
a
n
tio
x
id
a
n
t
an
d
a
n
ti
-
i
n
f
la
m
m
ato
r
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
cl
u
d
e,
v
ita
m
in
A
,
v
ita
m
i
n
C
,
o
m
e
g
a
-
3
-
f
att
y
ac
id
,
p
o
ly
p
h
en
o
l
s
,
an
d
ca
r
o
ten
o
id
s
f
r
o
m
a
p
lan
t
-
b
ased
d
iet.
Dietar
y
f
ib
er
is
al
s
o
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
h
ai
n
f
att
y
ac
id
s
(
S
C
F
A
)
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
u
t
m
icr
o
b
io
m
e
ac
tiv
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
co
lo
n
[
1
7
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
is
cir
cu
m
s
tan
c
e
also
lead
to
u
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
ea
ti
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
e
r
el
u
ctan
ce
to
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
ti
v
ities
w
ill
w
o
r
s
en
th
e
c
h
r
o
n
ic
h
ea
lt
h
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
Hav
i
n
g
r
eg
u
lar
ex
er
cise
at
h
o
m
e
w
il
l
b
e
b
en
ef
icia
l f
o
r
av
o
id
in
g
t
h
e
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
a
n
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
p
h
y
s
ical
f
it
n
es
s
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
a
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
a
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ca
ll
ed
GE
R
MAS
(
Gera
ka
n
Ma
s
ya
r
a
ka
t
S
eh
a
t
/Hea
lth
y
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
M
o
v
e
m
e
n
t)
as
a
p
r
ev
e
n
ti
v
e
ac
ti
o
n
b
y
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
a
h
ea
l
th
y
li
f
est
y
le.
Op
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
n
u
tr
itio
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
at
th
e
n
atio
n
al
lev
e
l
w
ill
h
elp
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
h
ea
l
th
y
lif
es
t
y
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
c
h
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
i
n
cid
en
c
e.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
a
s
also
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
Hea
lth
y
an
d
B
alan
ce
d
Diet
G
u
id
elin
e
(
P
e
d
o
ma
n
Giz
i
S
eimb
a
n
g
)
an
d
M
y
P
late
(
I
s
i
P
ir
in
g
ku
)
as
a
d
ail
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
g
u
id
eli
n
e
.
I
t
is
m
a
n
d
ato
r
y
to
h
av
e
r
eg
u
lar
an
d
m
as
s
i
v
e
n
u
tr
it
io
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
g
ital
p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
to
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
r
o
u
tin
el
y
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
p
r
o
m
o
te
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
n
u
tr
ien
t
s
i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
p
an
d
e
m
ic
h
a
s
o
f
f
er
ed
th
e
b
est
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
d
r
iv
e
th
e
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
to
w
ar
d
s
a
h
ea
l
th
y
an
d
b
alan
ce
d
d
iet.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
o
licy
b
r
ief
t
h
at
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
GE
R
MAS
,
an
d
th
e
h
y
g
ie
n
e
a
w
ar
e
n
es
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
p
d
ated
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
w
e
llb
ein
g
a
n
d
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
a
h
ea
lt
h
y
li
f
est
y
le.
Sin
ce
th
er
e
ar
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
th
at
r
e
m
ain
s
a
m
y
s
ter
y
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
s
to
th
e
p
r
ee
m
p
t
iv
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
a
n
d
tr
e
at
m
e
n
t o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
r
ely
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
t
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
is
p
an
d
e
m
ic
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2
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3
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4
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a
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ja
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5
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3
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M
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[3
4
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M
.
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