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.
Vo
l
.
8
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
e
p
t
2019
:
287
–
293
288
c
a
n
c
r
e
a
t
e
pl
a
que
,
a
b
u
il
dup
o
f
c
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
r
o
l
t
h
a
t
l
i
mi
t
s
bl
o
o
d
f
l
o
w
t
h
r
o
ugh
a
r
t
e
r
i
e
s
.
E
l
e
v
a
t
e
d
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
L
p(
a
)
-
C
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
s
t
r
o
n
ge
s
t
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
to
r
f
o
r
C
VD
s
i
n
t
h
e
ge
n
e
r
a
l
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
[
9]
.
Va
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
in
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
L
p(
a
)
-
C
a
r
e
m
a
i
n
ly
ge
n
e
t
i
c
a
ll
y
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
[
10]
i
n
w
hi
c
h
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
L
p(
a
)
-
C
i
s
inv
e
r
s
e
ly
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
n
u
m
be
r
o
f
K
I
V
-
2
[
11]
.
L
p(
a
)
-
C
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
a
l
s
o
v
a
r
y
f
r
o
m
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
p
opu
l
a
t
i
o
n
[
12
-
13]
.
Ot
h
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
d
i
e
t
,
dr
ugs
,
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
s
a
n
d
g
ly
c
e
mi
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
r
e
a
l
s
o
f
o
un
d
t
o
a
f
f
e
c
t
L
p(
a
)
-
C
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
14]
.
P
r
e
vi
o
us
i
n
v
i
t
r
o
,
a
ni
m
a
l
,
a
n
d
e
p
i
de
mi
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
s
ugge
s
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
v
e
r
s
i
a
l
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
h
a
t
L
p(
a
)
-
C
m
a
y
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
ut
e
to
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
t
h
e
r
o
s
c
l
e
r
o
s
i
s
o
r
t
h
r
o
m
b
o
s
i
s
a
n
d
t
h
us
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
i
e
s
o
f
m
y
o
c
a
r
d
i
a
l
i
nf
a
r
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
s
c
h
e
mi
c
he
a
r
t
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
[
15
-
18]
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
wor
l
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
r
e
po
r
t
i
n
2003,
C
V
Ds
we
r
e
r
e
s
po
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
80%
o
f
de
a
t
hs
i
n
S
o
ut
h
A
s
i
a
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
40
-
60%
hi
g
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
a
ny
o
t
h
e
r
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
[
19]
.
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
t
udi
e
s
h
a
ve
f
o
un
d
im
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
C
VD
s
by
l
o
we
r
i
ng
t
h
e
c
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
r
o
l
l
e
v
e
l
s
[
20
-
21]
.
H
o
we
v
e
r
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
c
s
t
udi
e
s
i
n
B
a
n
g
l
a
de
s
h
a
r
e
f
o
c
us
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
hi
p
w
i
t
h
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
[
22
-
24]
a
n
d
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
da
ta
i
s
n
o
t
a
v
a
il
a
bl
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
a
r
d
i
o
va
s
c
u
l
a
r
r
i
s
ks
w
i
t
h
d
y
s
li
p
i
d
e
m
i
a
.
T
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
a
i
m
s
t
o
i
nve
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
t
h
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
L
p(
a
)
-
C
i
n
B
a
n
g
l
a
de
s
hi
d
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
c
pa
t
i
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
r
i
s
ks
o
f
C
VD
s
.
T
o
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
o
f
o
ur
kn
o
wl
e
dge
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
l
a
c
k
o
f
e
vi
de
n
c
e
o
n
e
x
pr
e
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
L
p(
a
)
-
C
l
e
v
e
l
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
B
a
n
g
l
a
de
s
hi
po
pu
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
2.
1
.
S
t
u
d
y
d
e
s
ign
an
d
p
ar
t
icip
an
t
s
W
e
c
o
n
du
c
t
e
d
a
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
e
c
t
i
o
na
l
c
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
ud
y
a
m
o
n
g
180
m
a
l
e
s
a
n
d
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
f
r
o
m
J
u
ly
2015
t
o
J
une
2016.
O
f
t
h
e
s
e
s
u
bj
e
c
t
s
,
140
m
a
l
e
s
a
n
d
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
we
r
e
d
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
c
a
n
d
40
m
a
l
e
s
a
n
d
f
e
ma
l
e
s
we
r
e
n
o
n
-
d
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
c
,
w
hi
c
h
s
e
r
v
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
pa
r
i
s
o
n
gr
o
up
.
W
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
ur
b
a
n
r
e
s
i
d
i
ng
po
pul
a
t
i
o
n
a
ge
d
19
-
65
y
e
a
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
t
ud
y
wa
s
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
i
n
a
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
s
e
tt
i
n
g,
a
ppr
o
xi
m
a
t
e
l
y
24
k
m
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
D
h
a
ka
-
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
o
f
B
a
n
g
l
a
de
s
h
.
D
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
c
s
u
bj
e
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
c
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
r
o
l
≥
200
m
g/d
l
,
HD
L
-
C
<
40
m
g/d
l
,
L
DL
-
C
≥
14
0
m
g/d
l
,
a
n
d
T
G≥
150
m
g/d
l
we
r
e
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
i
r
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
r
a
c
e
,
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
t
a
t
us
.
H
y
pe
r
li
p
i
de
mi
a
(
hi
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
T
C
a
n
d
T
G)
,
hy
p
e
r
t
r
i
g
ly
c
e
r
i
de
mi
a
(
hi
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
T
G)
,
a
t
h
e
r
o
ge
ni
c
d
y
s
li
p
i
de
mi
a
(
hi
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
T
G,
L
DL
-
C
,
l
o
w
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
HD
L
-
C
)
a
n
d
hy
pe
r
c
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
r
o
l
e
mi
a
(
hi
g
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
T
C
)
we
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
pe
s
o
f
d
y
s
li
p
i
d
e
m
i
a
.
2.
2
.
Var
iab
l
e
as
s
e
s
s
e
d
Da
t
a
o
n
a
ge
(
i
n
y
e
a
r
s
)
,
ge
n
de
r
(
m
a
l
e
/
f
e
m
a
le)
,
phy
s
i
c
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
(
y
e
s
/
n
o
)
,
di
e
t
a
r
y
h
a
bi
t
(
c
o
n
s
u
m
pt
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
d
m
e
a
t
t
h
r
e
e
t
i
m
e
s
o
r
m
o
r
e
pe
r
we
e
k
:
y
e
s
/
n
o
)
,
s
m
o
k
i
n
g
(
y
e
s
/
n
o
)
,
hi
s
t
o
r
y
o
f
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
m
e
ll
i
t
us
(
y
e
s
/
n
o
)
,
a
n
d
hy
pe
r
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
(
HT
N
:
y
e
s
/
no
)
we
r
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
by
i
n
t
e
r
vi
e
w
i
ng
pa
r
t
i
c
i
pa
n
t
s
.
P
hy
s
i
c
a
l
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
wa
s
de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
30
m
i
nut
e
s
o
f
p
l
a
nn
e
d
p
hy
s
i
c
a
l
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
to
i
m
pr
o
v
e
o
ne
’
s
f
i
t
ne
s
s
[
25
]
.
I
n
d
i
vi
du
a
l
s
h
a
vi
ng
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
f
i
ve
c
i
g
a
r
e
tt
e
s
pe
r
da
y
wa
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
po
s
i
t
i
ve
s
m
o
k
i
ng
c
o
n
d
i
t
io
n
[
26
].
Va
l
i
d
c
a
s
e
s
o
f
d
i
a
b
e
t
e
s
m
e
ll
i
t
u
s
a
n
d
HT
N
we
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
by
t
h
o
s
e
wh
o
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
e
a
r
li
e
r
d
i
a
g
no
s
e
d
b
y
a
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d
phy
s
i
c
i
a
n
a
n
d
pr
o
vi
de
d
t
h
e
pr
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
.
B
o
d
y
we
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
bj
e
c
t
s
wa
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
(
to
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
e
s
t
0.
1
K
g)
by
s
t
a
n
d
i
ng
m
o
t
i
o
nl
e
s
s
o
n
a
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
we
i
g
hi
ng
m
a
c
hi
ne
.
He
i
g
h
t
wa
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
(
t
o
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
e
s
t
0.
1
c
m
)
by
L
e
i
c
e
s
t
e
r
He
i
g
h
t
M
e
a
s
ur
e
.
B
o
d
y
M
a
s
s
I
n
de
x
(
B
M
I
)
(
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
kg/
m
2
)
wa
s
c
a
l
c
u
lat
e
d
a
n
d
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
e
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
ws
:
un
d
e
r
we
i
g
h
t
<
18.
5
,
n
o
r
m
a
l
we
i
g
h
t
18.
5
-
24.
9
,
o
v
e
r
we
i
g
h
t
25
-
29.
9;
a
n
d
o
b
e
s
e
>
30
[
27
]
.
A
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
gu
i
de
li
ne
o
f
t
h
e
J
o
i
n
t
Na
t
i
o
na
l
C
o
m
mi
s
s
i
o
n
o
n
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
E
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
T
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
H
i
g
h
B
l
o
o
d
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
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[
29
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[
36
-
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G
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v
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a
l
[
38
-
39]
.
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32]
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39
-
41
]
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M
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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P
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N:
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De
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291
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[
42
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43]
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[
44
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,
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106.15±35.31
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107.5±40.2
226±79
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288.2±114.8
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102.7±38.8
223.5±84.8
P
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32.9%
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34.4%
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11)
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67.1%
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.
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[
45
]
,
a
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4.
CONC
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8806
I
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.
[1
0
]
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.
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d
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.
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,
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ro
n
e
n
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e
rg
,
an
d
G
.
U
t
e
r
man
n
,
“
St
ru
c
t
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r
e
,
f
u
n
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t
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o
n
,
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d
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e
t
i
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s
o
f
l
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p
o
p
ro
t
ei
n
(a
).
,
”
J.
Li
p
i
d
R
es
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
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o
.
8
,
p
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9
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g
.
2
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1
6
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1
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.
M.
Fl
e
s
s
s
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E
.
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u
mm
al
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e
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s
,
an
d
A
.
M.
S
c
an
u
s
l
l
,
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y
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c
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Pro
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n
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-
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u
m
a
n
Pl
as
m
a
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n
(a)
*
,
”
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u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
1
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n
o
.
1
9
,
1
9
8
6
.
[1
2
]
D
.
Bo
o
m
s
m
a
et
a
l
.
,
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h
e
e
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ec
t
o
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o
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ei
n
(a)
co
n
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t
rat
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o
n
s
,
”
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w
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n
R
es
.
,
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o
l
.
3
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o
.
0
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
–
1
5
8
,
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u
n
.
2
0
0
0
.
[1
3
]
S.
Barl
e
ra
et
a
l
.
,
“
Mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
Q
T
L
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
s
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ru
m
L
p
(a)
co
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cen
t
rat
i
o
n
:
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g
e
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o
me
-
w
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d
e
l
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ag
e
s
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r
ee
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h
e
PRO
CA
RD
I
S
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
E
u
r
.
J.
H
u
m
.
G
en
et
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
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o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
1
–
2
2
7
,
Fe
b
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
4
]
D
.
L
.
Rai
n
w
at
e
r,
J
.
W
.
Ma
c
Cl
u
e
r,
M.
P.
St
e
r
n
,
J
.
L
.
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an
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e
B
e
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g
,
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d
S.
M.
H
affn
e
r,
“
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ff
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D
D
M
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p
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n
(a)
s
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z
e
.
,
”
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i
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s
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
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o
.
7
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p
.
9
4
2
–
6
,
J
u
l
.
1
9
9
4
.
[1
5
]
A
.
D
e
b
a
n
d
N
.
M
.
Cap
l
i
ce,
“
L
i
p
o
p
ro
t
ei
n
(a)
:
N
ew
In
s
i
g
h
t
s
i
n
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o
M
ec
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A
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s
i
s
a
n
d
T
h
r
o
m
b
o
s
i
s
.
”
[1
6
]
L
.
B.
N
i
el
s
en
,
B.
G
.
N
o
rd
e
s
t
g
aard
,
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St
en
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e
r
,
A
.
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en
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o
rf,
an
d
K
.
K
j
e
l
d
s
en
,
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ran
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p
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p
ro
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n
(a)
an
d
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D
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n
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l
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l
-
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rab
b
i
t
s
.
,
”
A
r
t
er
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o
s
c
l
er
.
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h
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o
m
b
.
V
a
s
c.
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o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
9
2
–
5
0
2
,
Se
p
.
1
9
9
5
.
[1
7
]
S.
H
.
W
i
l
s
o
n
,
D
.
S
.
C
e
l
e
r
m
a
j
e
r,
A
.
N
ak
a
g
o
mi
,
R.
N
.
W
y
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d
h
a
m
,
M.
R.
J
an
u
,
an
d
S.
B
e
n
Fr
ee
d
m
an
,
“
V
a
s
cu
l
ar
r
i
s
k
fac
t
o
rs
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rr
e
l
at
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as
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ar
y
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h
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ro
s
c
l
e
ro
s
i
s
.
,
”
Co
r
o
n
.
A
r
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r
y
D
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s
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
9
–
5
3
,
O
c
t
.
1
9
9
9
.
[1
8
]
A
.
Imh
o
f
et
a
l
.
,
“
Pl
as
m
a
l
i
p
o
p
ro
t
ei
n
L
p
(a),
m
ar
k
e
rs
o
f
h
a
em
o
s
t
as
i
s
an
d
i
n
f
l
a
mm
at
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o
n
,
a
n
d
r
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s
k
a
n
d
s
e
v
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t
y
o
f
c
o
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n
ar
y
h
e
art
d
i
s
e
as
e,
”
E
u
r
.
J.
Ca
r
d
i
o
v
a
s
c.
P
r
ev.
R
eh
a
b
i
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
–
3
7
0
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
0
3
.
[1
9
]
R.
Bal
araj
a
n
,
“
E
t
h
n
i
c
i
t
y
an
d
v
ar
i
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
n
at
i
o
n
’s
h
eal
t
h
.
,
”
H
ea
l
t
h
T
r
en
d
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
–
9
,
1
9
9
5
.
[2
0
]
R.
H
.
N
el
s
o
n
,
“
H
y
p
e
r
l
i
p
i
d
em
i
a
as
a
ri
s
k
fa
c
t
o
r
fo
r
c
ard
i
o
v
as
c
u
l
ar
d
i
s
e
as
e
.
,
”
P
r
i
m
.
Ca
r
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
–
2
1
1
,
Mar.
2
0
1
3
.
[2
1
]
S.
M.
Bo
ek
h
o
l
d
t
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
s
o
c
i
at
i
o
n
o
f
L
D
L
Ch
o
l
e
s
t
ero
l
,
N
o
n
–
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D
L
C
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
ro
l
,
an
d
A
p
o
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p
o
p
ro
t
ei
n
B
L
ev
e
l
s
W
i
t
h
R
i
s
k
o
f
Car
d
i
o
v
as
c
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l
ar
E
v
e
n
t
s
A
m
o
n
g
Pat
i
en
t
s
T
r
e
at
ed
W
i
t
h
St
at
i
n
s
,
”
JA
M
A
,
v
o
l
.
3
0
7
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
.
1
3
0
2
,
Mar.
2
0
1
2
.
[2
2
]
M.
N
.
K
ari
m
et
a
l
.
,
“
Pat
t
e
rn
an
d
p
red
i
c
t
o
rs
o
f
d
y
s
l
i
p
i
d
emi
a
i
n
p
at
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en
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
y
p
e
2
d
i
ab
e
t
e
s
me
l
l
i
t
u
s
,
”
D
i
a
b
et
e
s
M
et
a
b
.
S
y
n
d
r
.
Cl
i
n
.
R
es
.
R
ev.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
5
–
1
0
0
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
3
.
[2
3
]
B.
Z
ab
ee
n
,
A
.
M.
Bal
s
a,
N
.
I
s
l
a
m
,
M.
Parv
ee
n
,
J
.
N
ah
ar,
an
d
K
.
A
zad
,
“
L
i
p
i
d
Pro
fi
l
e
i
n
R
e
l
at
i
o
n
t
o
G
l
y
cemi
c
Co
n
t
ro
l
i
n
T
y
p
e
1
D
i
ab
e
t
e
s
Ch
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
A
d
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l
e
s
ce
n
t
s
i
n
Ban
g
l
a
d
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s
h
.
,
”
In
d
i
a
n
J.
E
n
d
o
cr
i
n
o
l
.
M
et
a
b
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
9
–
9
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
M.
M.
Z
a
m
an
,
S.
R.
Ch
o
u
d
h
u
r
y
,
J
.
A
h
me
d
,
M.
H
.
T
al
u
k
d
e
r
,
an
d
A
.
H
.
M
.
S.
Ra
h
m
an
,
“
Bl
o
o
d
g
l
u
c
o
s
e
an
d
c
h
o
l
e
s
t
e
r
o
l
l
e
v
el
s
i
n
ad
u
l
t
p
o
p
u
l
at
i
o
n
o
f
Ban
g
l
ad
e
s
h
:
Re
s
u
l
t
s
fro
m
ST
E
PS
2
0
0
6
s
u
rv
ey
.
,
”
In
d
i
a
n
H
ea
r
t
J.
,
v
o
l
.
6
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
2
–
6
,
J
an
.
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
D
.
S.
Si
s
co
v
i
c
k
,
R.
E
.
L
ap
o
rt
e
,
J
.
N
ew
m
a
n
,
D
.
C.
H
e
a
l
t
h
;
I
v
e
rs
o
n
,
an
d
J
.
E
.
Fi
el
d
i
n
g
,
“
Ph
y
s
i
c
al
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
E
x
e
r
ci
s
e
,
an
d
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
F
i
t
n
e
s
s
:
D
e
fi
n
i
t
i
o
n
s
an
d
D
i
s
t
i
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
fo
r
H
e
a
l
t
h
-
R
e
l
at
e
d
R
e
s
e
ar
ch
S
y
n
o
p
s
i
s
,
”
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
ea
l
.
R
ep
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
0
,
p
p
.
1
9
5
–
2
0
2
.
[2
6
]
T
.
F.
H
e
at
h
e
rt
o
n
,
L
.
T
.
K
o
z
l
o
w
s
k
i
,
R
.
C.
Fr
eck
e
r,
W
.
Ri
c
k
e
rt
,
a
n
d
J
.
R
o
b
i
n
s
o
n
,
“
Me
as
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e
H
e
av
i
n
e
s
s
o
f
Smo
k
i
n
g
:
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
l
f
-
r
e
p
o
rt
ed
t
i
me
t
o
t
h
e
fi
rs
t
c
i
g
ar
e
t
t
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
y
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ci
g
ar
e
t
t
e
s
s
mo
k
ed
p
e
r
d
a
y
,
”
A
d
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
8
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
7
9
1
–
8
0
0
,
J
u
l
.
1
9
8
9
.
[2
7
]
W
H
O
,
“
A
p
p
ro
p
ri
at
e
b
o
d
y
-
m
as
s
i
n
d
e
x
fo
r
A
s
i
an
p
o
p
u
l
at
i
o
n
s
an
d
i
t
s
i
m
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
fo
r
p
o
l
i
cy
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
rv
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
t
ra
t
e
g
i
e
s
,
”
La
n
cet
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
3
,
n
o
.
9
4
0
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
–
1
6
3
,
J
an
.
2
0
0
4
.
[2
8
]
T
.
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