Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
u
bli
c Hea
lt
h S
c
ie
nce (IJPH
S)
Vo
l.
6
,
No.
4
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
7
, pp.
314
~
323
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
phs
.
v6
i
4
.
8
763
314
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
https:
//
ww
w.i
aesco
re
.c
om
/j
our
nals/
ind
ex.
php/IJP
H
S
S
ustaina
bil
ity
C
ap
ac
it
y
o
f
HIV/AI
DS P
ro
gramm
es
in
Y
ogya
karta
, I
nd
onesia
Peri
grinus Se
bo
n
g
,
Dwi
H
ando
no Suli
sti
o
,
Y
od
i
M
ah
en
dradha
ta
Depa
rt
m
ent
o
f
H
ea
l
th
Poli
c
y
and M
ana
gement, Fa
cul
t
y
of
Med
ic
in
e,
Univ
ersitas Gadj
ah
Mada
,
Ind
onesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
2
4
, 201
7
Re
vised
N
ov
2
1
, 2
01
7
Accepte
d
Dec
9
, 2
01
7
The
Indone
si
an
gover
nm
ent
established
the
pr
ev
al
en
ce
t
arg
e
t
of
HIV
<0.
50%
in
2019
to
con
tr
ol
the
sprea
d
ing
of
HIV
through
the
Na
ti
ona
l
Me
dium
Te
rm
Deve
lopment
Pl
an.
To
ensure
th
e
sus
ta
ina
bi
li
t
y
of
thi
s
deve
lop
m
ent
pla
n,
a
stud
y
of
the
st
rat
eg
ic
ca
pa
cit
y
of
HIV
/AIDS
progra
m
m
es
is
nee
de
d
to
provide
an
over
vie
w
so
tha
t
the
progra
m
ca
n
be
sus
ta
ine
d
over
ti
m
e.
This
stud
y
ai
m
ed
to
e
xplore
the
sus
ta
i
nabi
lit
y
ca
p
acit
y
of
HIV
/AID
S
p
rogra
m
m
es
in
Yog
y
ak
art
a
.
Thi
s
was
a
desc
ript
ive
stud
y
util
iz
ing
a
qua
li
t
at
i
ve
appr
oac
h
.
The
stud
y
invol
v
ed
42
par
ticipa
n
t
s
as
ke
y
informa
nts
sele
c
te
d
b
y
a
purposive
sam
pli
ng
techni
que,
and
th
e
d
ata
were
ex
amine
d
using
content
ana
l
y
sis.
B
y
sett
ing
prioritie
s
of
the
loc
al
gov
ern
m
ent
supported
b
y
the
Provin
ci
a
l
Hea
lt
h
Offic
e
and
wit
h
the
coor
din
a
ti
on
of
the
Y
og
y
ak
arta
Province
AID
S
Com
m
is
sion,
the
progra
m
s
are
abl
e
to
m
ai
nt
ai
n
sus
ta
ina
ble
HI
V
and
AID
S
progra
m
m
es
in
Yogy
aka
rt
a.
Funding
ca
pac
i
t
y
,
evalua
t
ion,
progra
m
m
e
ada
pt
at
ion
and
comm
unic
at
io
n
have
not
b
e
en
opti
m
al
to
ensure
the
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
.
Stabi
l
ity
of
fundi
ng
is
the
m
ai
n
obstac
l
e
to
achie
ving
th
e
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
of
HIV
and
AID
S
progra
m
s.
Ho
weve
r,
with
go
od
pla
nnin
g
,
par
tne
rship
stru
c
ture
and
suff
ic
i
e
nt
orga
ni
za
t
ional
ca
pa
ci
t
y
,
th
is
ap
proa
ch
c
an
ensure
the
HIV
and
AID
S
progr
amm
es
will
cont
inue
with
th
e
ta
r
get
s
set
b
y
the
Yog
y
aka
rt
a
Provinci
al
He
a
lt
h
Offic
e
.
Th
e
gover
nm
ent
in
Yog
y
aka
r
ta
nee
ds
to
inc
re
ase
funding
ca
pa
c
ity
,
and
improv
e
comm
unic
at
io
n
to
ensure
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
.
T
he
stra
te
g
y
sho
uld
include
adapta
ti
on
and
evalua
ti
on
o
f
progra
m
s
through
strengt
heni
n
g
priva
te
sec
to
r
fina
nci
ng
,
for
m
ula
ti
ng
a
comm
unic
at
ion pla
n
and im
proving
th
e ca
pa
ci
t
y
to
respond to
ch
ange
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
HIV/A
ID
p
rog
r
am
m
es
Ind
on
esi
a
Su
sta
ina
bili
ty
Su
sta
ina
bili
ty
c
apaci
ty
Yogyaka
rta
Copyright
©
201
7
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Perig
rin
us
Sebong,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f Pu
blic Heal
th
, Fac
ulty
of Me
dicine
,
Un
i
ver
sit
as
Ga
dj
a
h
Ma
da
,
Publi
c H
eal
th
Buil
ding, 2r
d F
loor,
Seki
p
Utara
Yogyaka
rta
55231, P
hone/
f
ax
+
62
-
214788
742
,
I
ndonesi
a
.
E
m
a
il
: falc
on
pe
rin¬c
on
s
ultan
@yah
oo.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
I
ndonesi
a
n
gove
rn
m
ent
est
ablished
the
pr
evale
nce
ta
r
get
of
H
I
V
<0.50%
in
2019
to
co
ntro
l
the
sp
rea
ding
of
HIV
t
hroug
h
t
he
Nati
on
al
Me
diu
m
Term
Dev
el
opm
ent
Plan.
O
ne
of
the
strat
egies
t
o
a
chieve
this
ta
r
get
of
t
he
Ind
on
e
sia
n
Healt
h
Mi
nistr
y
for
2015
t
o
2019
is
t
o
c
re
at
e
a
co
ntin
uum
of
care
strat
egies
,
cond
ucted
th
rough
inc
reasin
g
the
scop
e
,
qua
li
ty
and
co
ntin
uity
of
pr
e
ve
nt
ion
pr
ogram
m
es
[1]
.
H
owev
er,
the
increasin
g
nu
m
ber
of
new
c
ases
of
H
IV
/
A
ID
S
ov
e
r
tim
e
pro
vid
es
a
for
m
idable
chall
eng
e
to
reac
h
th
e
ta
rg
et
pr
e
valence
in
2019.
T
her
e
fore,
bette
r
unde
rstan
ding
of
t
he
e
xisti
ng
ca
pacit
y
to
posit
ively
im
pact
a
pro
gr
am
m
e’s
abili
ty
to
co
ntin
ue ov
e
r
t
he
lo
ng term
is n
ee
de
d
[1]
-
[3]
.
Su
sta
ina
bili
ty
has
been
de
fin
ed
as
t
he
e
xistence
of
st
ru
ct
ures
a
nd
proces
ses
w
hich
al
lo
w
a
pro
gr
am
to
le
ver
a
ge
re
so
urces
to
e
ffec
ti
vely
i
m
ple
m
ent
and
m
ain
ta
in
evi
den
ce
-
base
d
po
li
ci
es
and
act
ivit
ie
s
[4]
.
Unde
rstan
ding
su
sta
inabili
ty
as
a
br
oa
d
fr
a
m
ewo
r
k
w
hich
stret
ches
beyo
nd
fi
nan
ci
ng
is
i
m
po
rtant
and
m
us
t
be
pr
ese
nt
to
s
us
ta
in
th
e
ef
fe
ct
iveness
of
ex
ist
ing
he
al
th
pro
gr
am
m
es
[5]
-
[
8]
.
L
uk
e
,
et
al
.
[9
]
de
velo
pe
d
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Su
st
aina
bili
ty
Capacit
y o
f
HIV/
AIDS
P
rogr
ammes i
n
Y
ogy
akart
a, I
ndone
sia (Peri
gr
i
nu
s
S
e
bong)
315
Pr
og
ram
m
e
Sust
ai
nab
il
it
y
Fr
a
m
ewo
r
k
t
o
ass
ess
pu
blic
heal
th
pr
ogram
m
e
capaci
ty
for
sust
ai
nab
il
it
y,
w
hich
include
s
8
dom
ai
ns
:
orga
nisati
on
al
ca
pacit
y,
pro
gr
am
m
e
ada
ptati
on,
program
evaluati
on,
c
omm
un
ic
at
ions
and
st
rategic
pl
ann
in
g,
f
undi
ng
sta
bili
ty
,
env
ir
on
m
ental
su
pport
and
pa
rtner
s
hips.
T
o
e
xp
l
or
e
a
pro
gra
m
m
e’s
capaci
ty
of
sus
ta
inabili
ty
,
it
is
necessary
to
i
den
ti
fy
both
i
nt
ern
al
aspects of
p
r
ogram
char
act
erist
ic
s
as
well
as
con
te
xtu
al
as
pe
ct
s
that
are
outsi
de
of
the
pro
gr
am
m
e
it
self
wh
ic
h
m
ay
a
ff
ect
t
he
ca
pac
it
y
of
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
[10]
-
[
13]
.
Since
th
e
Pro
vi
ncial
AI
D
S
Com
m
issi
on
Secretari
at
was
r
est
ru
ct
ure
d
in
2007,
Y
ogya
ka
rta
is
on
e
of
the
pro
vi
nces
in
I
ndonesi
a
w
hich
has
i
nvolv
e
d
m
any
act
or
s
an
d
orga
nisati
on
s
in
co
ntr
olli
ng
HIV
transm
issi
on
.
Our
previ
ous
stud
y
involvi
ng
the
AIDS
Co
m
m
iss
ion
iden
ti
fied
sever
al
ba
rr
ie
rs
,
su
c
h
as
la
ck
of
fun
ding
an
d
no
s
upportive
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
to
facil
it
at
e
eff
ect
iveness
of
H
IV
/A
I
DS
program
m
es
(H
A
P
s).
T
he
long
-
te
rm
strat
egy
unde
rtak
en
by
the
Prov
i
ncial
G
ov
e
rn
m
ent
of
Y
ogya
ka
rta
(PG
Y)
t
o
m
ai
ntain
t
he
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
HAPs
is
not
an
easy
or
sim
ple
ta
sk.
T
he
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
resp
onse
to
H
IV
and
A
I
DS
ca
nnot
be
separ
at
e
d
from
an
adequate
le
vel
of
f
undi
ng,
good
strat
e
gic
m
anag
em
ent,
par
t
ner
s
hip
s
,
m
anag
em
ent
c
apacit
y
within
or
gan
is
at
ion
s
an
d
th
e
ro
le
of
c
ross
-
co
ordi
natio
n
of
the
loca
l
go
ve
r
nm
ents’
w
ork
unit
s
by
the
Yogyaka
rta P
r
ov
i
nce
AIDS
Com
m
issi
on
(YP
AC)
[7
]
,
[9
]
,
[14]
.
This
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
research
f
ocuses
on
the
pro
gr
am
m
es
or
inter
ve
ntions
in
the
com
m
un
it
y
set
ti
ng
s
and
t
he
age
ncies
i
m
ple
m
entin
g
th
e
pro
gr
a
m
m
es.
By
us
ing
qu
al
it
at
ive
d
at
a,
the
ai
m
of
this
stu
dy
was
to
exp
l
or
e
the
s
ust
ai
nab
il
it
y
capaci
ty
of
HA
P
s
in
Yogya
kar
ta
.
Thu
s
,
this
stu
dy
m
a
y
info
rm
to
local
governm
ent
and
pro
gr
am
m
e
m
anag
ers
of
factors
that
inf
luence
s
us
ta
in
abili
ty
,
wh
ic
h
can
be
us
e
d
to
i
m
pr
ove
pro
gr
a
m
m
e
su
sta
ina
bil
ity.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2.1.
St
ud
y
set
ting
The
st
ud
y
was
co
nducted
in
Yogyaka
rta
P
r
ov
i
nce,
w
hich
is
locat
ed
i
n
th
e
m
idd
le
-
s
ou
t
he
rn
pa
rt
of
Java
Isla
nd.
U
ntil
20
15,
HIV
/AIDS
co
ntr
ol
program
m
ed
i
n
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
adh
e
re
d
to
the
fo
ll
owin
g
fast
track
go
al
s:
90%
of
patie
nts
know
HIV
infecte
d
s
ta
tus,
90%
of
people
with
H
IV
are
treat
e
d
and
90%
of
pa
ti
ents
com
ply
with
tr
eatm
ent
reco
m
m
end
at
ions.
I
n
add
it
io
n,
the
pro
vin
ci
al
gove
rn
m
ent
of
Y
ogya
ka
rta
al
so
create
d
sever
al
strat
egi
es
that
include
d
the
trans
for
m
at
ion
of
H
IV/
AI
D
S
fina
nci
ng,
the
trans
form
ation
of
HIV/AID
S
serv
ic
es
f
ro
m
exclusi
ve
to
in
cl
us
ive
of
oth
e
r
in
fecti
ous
diseases
a
nd
enc
oura
ging
c
omm
un
it
y
par
ti
cip
at
i
on
thr
ough
s
us
ta
inable
com
pr
eh
ensive
ser
vice
s.
Fi
gure
1
de
scribes
poli
ti
cal
support
an
d
fast
trac
k
to
end
th
e
AIDS
e
pide
m
i
c in
Yogyaka
rt
a, In
donesia.
Figure
1. P
olit
i
cal
support a
nd
f
ast
trac
k
t
o
e
nd the
A
IDS e
pid
em
ic
in Yo
gyaka
rta
2.2.
St
ud
y
desig
n
an
d
sampl
e se
le
ction
This
was
a
de
scriptive
st
udy
util
isi
ng
a
qu
al
it
at
ive
appr
oach
[15]
.
This
stu
dy
involve
d
42
par
ti
ci
pa
nts
w
ho
ar
e
repres
entat
ive
of
le
gislat
ive,
N
G
Os,
the
pr
ov
i
ncial
AIDS
Com
m
issi
on
,
he
al
thcare
pro
vid
er
s
an
d
the
pro
vin
ce
he
al
th
of
fice.
T
he
par
ti
ci
pan
ts
wer
e
sel
ect
ed
pur
po
si
vely
based
on
the
f
ollow
i
ng
2010
2012
2013
20
14
2019
2020
20
27
2030
Loc
a
l
Regu
latio
n
No 12,
2010
on
HIV
-
AID
S
pre
vention
Governor
Regulati
on
No 39, 201
2
on
HIV
-
AID
S pre
vent
io
n
comm
ission
Strat
egic
Us
e
of A
RV (SU
F
A)
VCT
Services su
pporte
d
b
y
reg
ulation
from
MoH
90%
Ke
y
Popul
a
ti
on
know
the
ir
s
ta
tus
100%
HIV
Ea
r
l
y
Infa
nt
Diagnosi
s
Tri
pl
e
E
li
m
ina
t
i
on
of
Mother
-
to
-
ch
il
d
Tra
nsm
ission of
HIV
,
Hepa
t
it
is B
and
S
y
phi
li
s
Ta
rge
t
90/90
/90
Endi
ng
AID
S E
pide
m
ic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
6
, No
.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
1
7
:
314
–
323
316
consi
der
at
io
ns
:
ha
ve
r
e
le
va
nt
du
ti
es
a
nd
f
un
ct
ion
s
with
HIV
a
nd
A
IDS
pro
gr
am
m
es
and
re
gi
on
al
pla
nn
i
ng,
the
orga
nisati
on
struct
ur
e
is
r
esp
on
si
ble
for
healt
h
issues
both
at
the
le
vel
of
poli
cy
and
budget
ing
as
w
el
l
as
fiel
d
im
ple
m
entat
ion
,
a
nd
is
pa
rt
of
t
he
insti
t
ution
al
m
e
m
ber
sh
i
p
of
the
Y
PA
C.
Ta
ble
1
pro
vid
es
in
f
orm
at
ion
con
ce
r
ning
key inform
ants and sta
keholde
rs.
Table
1.
Key I
nfor
m
ants and
Stakeh
old
e
rs
Ins
titu
tio
n
al or Org
an
izatio
n
Main co
n
stitu
en
cy
represen
ted
in HI
V
/AIDS
Prog
ra
m
m
e
s
Level
Prov
in
cial Hea
lth
Of
f
ice
Leadin
g
secto
rs in
lo
cal HI
V/
AID
S p
o
licy
dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Prov
in
ce a
n
d
Distr
ict
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
Pla
n
n
in
g
Ag
en
cy
at
Su
b
-
Natio
n
al L
ev
e
l (
Bap
p
ed
a)
Integ
ration
o
f
HIV/A
IDS
in
to
regio
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
p
rog
ra
m
m
e
plan
s;
Prov
in
ce a
n
d
Distr
ict
Legis
lativ
e
The
role
o
f
ass
ist
an
ce
in
th
e
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
an
d
b
u
d
g
etin
g
an
d
crea
tin
g
leg
islatio
n
on
HI
V preven
ti
o
n
Prov
in
ce
AIDS
Co
m
m
iss
io
n
Techn
ical
su
p
p
o
rt
an
d
ad
v
o
catin
g
p
artnersh
ip
;
Ens
u
res
strateg
ic inf
o
r
m
ati
o
n
sy
ste
m
s f
u
n
ctio
n
and
utilizatio
n
of data
f
o
r
p
lan
n
i
n
g
an
d
m
o
n
ito
ring
;
Co
o
rdin
a
tes
th
e
in
v
o
l
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
the g
o
v
ern
m
en
t,
NGO
and
priv
ate
secto
r;
Prov
in
ce a
n
d
Distr
ict
AIDS
Co
m
m
iss
io
n
Partnersh
ip
f
o
r
Preven
tiv
e and
Pr
o
m
o
tiv
e
Activities
Yo
u
n
g
g
en
eration
co
u
n
selin
g
p
rog
r
a
m
m
e
an
d
H
IV/
AID
S
ed
u
catio
n
Prov
id
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
on
HI
V/AIDS
to
co
m
m
u
n
ity
;
So
cializatio
n
of
HI
V/AIDS
to trans
p
o
rt
ag
en
ts an
d
driv
e
rs;
Prov
isio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
ed
ia
o
n
HIV
/AID
S
at
to
u
rist
sites
;
Prov
in
ce a
n
d
Distr
ict
Po
p
u
latio
n
an
d
Fa
m
il
y
Plan
n
in
g
Co
o
rdin
atin
g
Bo
ar
d
Prov
isio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
co
u
n
se
lin
g
cent
er
f
o
r
Teenag
e
Rep
rod
u
ctiv
e Hea
lth
Prov
in
ce
Health
Servi
ces
Prov
id
er
(Pus
k
es
m
as)
Prov
id
es VCT serv
ices and
ARV pro
v
isio
n
I
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
su
stain
ab
le co
m
p
rehen
siv
e services
Su
b
d
istrict
Prov
in
cial
Narc
o
tics
Bo
ard
o
f
Yo
g
y
ak
arta
AIDS
Co
m
m
i
ss
io
n
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
p
rog
ra
m
m
e
o
f
Prov
in
cial Nar
co
ti
cs Bo
ard
Prov
in
ce
NGO
Co
n
tribu
tin
g
in
p
reven
tiv
e,
p
ro
m
o
tiv
e,
p
ee
r
s
u
p
p
o
rt
activ
ities an
d
key
p
o
p
u
latio
n
ou
treac
h
Prov
in
ce a
n
d
Distr
ict
2.3.
Guide
de
velo
p
ment
The
guide
f
ollow
s
the
guidel
ines
of
the
s
ust
ai
nab
il
it
y
assessm
ent
too
l,
in
cl
ud
in
g
poli
ti
cal
support
,
fun
ding
sta
bili
ty
,
capaci
ty
organ
isa
ti
on,
ev
al
uation
of
pr
ogram
m
e,
adap
ta
ti
on
of
pr
ogram
m
e,
par
tn
ersh
i
p,
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
a
nd
strat
e
gic
plan
ning
[
16
]
.
I
n
Decem
ber
2016,
the
int
erv
ie
w
gu
i
delines
wer
e
te
ste
d
with
sta
ff
from
diff
e
ren
t
AIDS
Co
m
m
iss
ion
s
a
nd
ci
vil
so
ci
et
y
orga
nisati
ons
(C
SO
s
)
to
el
ic
it
qu
est
io
ns
wh
ic
h
were
ei
ther
uncl
ear
or
pote
ntial
ly
diff
ic
ult
to
answer.
T
hese
30
-
to
45
-
m
i
nu
te
face
-
to
-
f
ace
i
nterv
ie
w
s
were
cond
ucted
wit
h
an
H
I
V/AID
S
pro
gr
am
m
er.
Partic
ipants
wer
e
inst
ru
ct
e
d
to
pro
vid
e
f
eedb
ac
k
on
quest
ion
s
la
cking
cl
arit
y
an
d
it
em
s
whic
h
co
uld
be
vi
ewed
a
s
po
te
ntial
ly
diff
ic
ult
to
a
nswer.
I
nfor
m
at
ion
f
ro
m
these
intervie
ws was
u
se
d
t
o
m
od
if
y i
te
m
s f
or
t
he i
nterv
ie
w gu
i
de
.
2.4.
Data
c
ollec
tio
n
We
co
nducted
data
colle
ct
ion
for
this
stu
dy
fr
om
Janu
ar
y
to
Febr
ua
ry
2017.
Data
we
re
colle
ct
ed
thr
ough
in
-
de
pt
h
inter
views
a
nd
docu
m
ent
r
eview,
s
uc
h
as g
ra
nt
ag
reem
e
nt
GF
A
TM,
th
e
Pr
ovin
ci
al
Me
diu
m
Term
Dev
el
op
m
ent
plan
an
d
HIV/A
IDS
stra
te
gic
plan
ning.
In
te
r
views
we
re
co
nducte
d
a
t
the
work
offi
ces
of
the
par
ti
ci
pa
nt
s,
an
d
be
f
or
e
t
he
inter
view
,
each
pa
rtic
ipant
was
inf
orm
ed
that
their
ans
w
ers
w
ould
be
use
d
f
or
researc
h
pu
rpo
ses
on
ly
.
T
hes
e
involve
30
-
to
90
-
m
inu
t
e
f
ace
-
to
-
face
int
erv
ie
ws.
Durin
g
the
inter
vie
w,
the
researc
her
rec
orde
d
us
in
g
an
aud
io
r
eco
rd
e
r
after
obta
ini
ng
a
pproval
f
r
om
the
responden
t.
T
he
rese
arch
e
rs
al
so
c
onduct
ed
double inte
rv
i
ews
t
o
c
om
ple
m
enting
th
e s
m
al
le
r
a
m
ou
nt
of d
at
a.
2.5.
Data
anal
ys
is
Qu
al
it
at
ive
an
al
ysi
s
of
the
data
in
this
stud
y
wa
s
co
nducted
by
analy
sing
the
c
onte
nt
of
t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
obta
ined
from
i
nter
views
[17]
.
Af
te
r
the
data
colle
ct
ion
,
t
he
aut
hor
(
PS
)
co
nducte
d
m
e
m
ber
check
i
ng
to
e
nsure
t
hat
the
da
ta
wer
e
proce
ssed
i
n
acco
r
da
nce
wi
th
the
a
ns
we
rs
obta
ine
d
f
ro
m
the
inte
rv
ie
ws
of
the
par
ti
ci
pa
nts.
First,
th
e
auth
or
rea
d
th
e
transcr
i
pt
an
d
the
n
create
d
the
m
a
trix
for
cod
i
ng
a
nd
cat
egory
[18]
.
T
o
m
ai
ntain
the
acc
uracy
of
t
he
data
colle
ct
ion
,
the
a
uthor
t
riangulat
ed
by
c
om
par
ing
the
data
of
intervie
ws
am
ong
t
he
par
ti
ci
pan
ts
,
a
nd
co
nfi
rm
ing
inf
or
m
at
ion
thr
ough
discussi
ons
with
c
o
-
a
utho
r
s.
[
19]
Trian
gu
la
ti
on
sta
rt
ed
by
ide
nt
ify
ing
the
sta
keholde
r
groups
s
uch
as
le
gislat
ive,
N
GO
s
,
the
pro
vin
ci
al
AIDS
Com
m
issi
on
,
healt
hcar
e
pro
vid
e
rs
an
d
the
p
r
ovince
healt
h
office
in
the
pr
og
ram
.
In
-
de
pth
inter
view
s
cou
l
d
be
co
nducte
d
with
each
of
t
hese
gro
ups
to
gain
insig
ht
into
their
per
s
pe
ct
ives
on
pro
gr
am
su
sta
inabili
ty
.
Durin
g
the
an
al
ysi
s
sta
ge,
feed
bac
k
f
ro
m
the
sta
keh
ol
de
r
gro
up
s
w
as
com
par
ed
to
determ
ine
ar
eas
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Su
st
aina
bili
ty
Capacit
y o
f
HIV/
AIDS
P
rogr
ammes i
n
Y
ogy
akart
a, I
ndone
sia (Peri
gr
i
nu
s
S
e
bong)
317
agr
eem
ent
as
well
as
areas
of
div
e
rgence
.
Seco
nd,
the
c
o
-
a
uthor
s
(
YM
,
D
HS)
re
view
ed
co
des
a
nd
t
hem
es
that
ha
ve
bee
n
create
d
an
d
di
scusse
d
un
ti
l
agr
eem
ent
was
reac
hed.
T
hir
d,
al
l
a
uthor
s
discusse
d
qu
otati
on
s
that
corres
ponded
t
o
the
cat
e
gories
an
d
the
m
es,
then
ag
re
ed
up
on
quotes
us
ed
with
c
o
-
a
uthors.
The
dat
a
wer
e
first
m
ade
int
o
a
narrati
ve
and
the
n
into
the
con
ce
pt
ual
schem
a.
Af
te
r
bein
g
analy
s
ed,
the
res
ults
wer
e
do
c
um
ented
in
a
descr
i
ptiv
e
fo
rm
at
as
a
the
m
at
ic
repor
t
(Ta
ble
2)
div
ide
d
into
8
capaci
ty
do
m
ai
ns
of
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
as sug
gested
b
y
Lu
ke
,
et
al.
[9],[
20
].
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
3.1.
Results
In
ge
ner
al
,
t
he
resu
lt
s
s
howe
d
that
the
H
A
Ps
in
Yogyak
arta
are
str
ongl
y
influ
ence
d
by
poli
ti
cal
su
pp
or
t
a
nd
e
nv
i
ronm
ent,
sta
bili
ty
of
fun
di
ng
,
pa
rtnershi
ps
with
sta
ke
holde
rs
an
d
CS
Os,
the
ca
paci
ty
of
orga
nisati
on
s
(
gove
rn
m
ents,
ad
hoc
a
nd
c
om
m
un
it
y
-
base
d),
ca
pacit
y
of
eval
uation
pr
ogram
m
es,
program
m
e
adap
ta
bili
ty
to
changes
in
po
l
ic
y
and
fun
ding,
the
ef
fecti
ve
ness
of
com
m
un
ic
at
io
ns
an
d
strat
egic
plan
ning
in
respo
ns
e
t
o
th
e
increa
sin
g
prob
le
m
of
H
IV
/
AIDS.
Ta
ble
2
desc
ribe
s
the
resu
lt
s
of
the
capaci
ty
analy
si
s
in
Yogyaka
rta,
Indonesia.
Table
2.
O
verv
ie
w
of
HIV/A
I
DS
Program
m
e Su
sta
i
nab
il
it
y C
apacit
y i
n Yogyaka
rta
Do
m
ain
Descripti
o
n
Exis
tin
g
Cap
acity
o
f
Sus
tain
ab
ility
Po
litical Sup
p
o
rt
Su
p
p
o
rt
f
ro
m
l
o
cal
g
o
v
ern
m
en
t
,
leg
islativ
e,
ex
ecut
iv
e,
civ
il
so
ciety
o
rgan
isatio
n
s
(C
SOs)
an
d
serv
ice
p
rov
id
ers
Settin
g
p
riorities
as
a
m
a
jo
r
f
o
rce
in
en
su
ring
th
e
p
articipatio
n
o
f
b
o
th
g
o
v
ernm
en
t
an
d
p
rivate
secto
r
s
to
t
h
e
sustain
ab
i
lity
m
u
lti
-
secto
r
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
s
Partnersh
ip
s
Partnersh
ip
s
in
clu
d
e
in
ter
-
in
stitu
tio
n
al
co
o
rdin
atio
n
st
ructu
res
ex
istin
g
p
artnersh
ip
in Yo
g
y
ak
arta
Partnersh
ip
s
can
co
n
tribu
te
in
t
h
e
fo
r
m
o
f
synerg
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
reso
u
rces
an
d
b
u
d
g
et
with
in
ex
isti
n
g
p
artnersh
ip
n
e
two
rks
in
o
rder to
en
su
re
th
e
su
stain
ab
ility
o
f
the p
rog
ra
m
m
e
Organ
isatio
n
Cap
acity
The
capacity
o
f
o
rgan
isatio
n
s
regard
to
su
p
p
o
rt
in
ternal
reso
u
rces,
th
e
rol
e
o
f
ins
titu
tio
n
s, and
capacity
bu
ild
in
g
Streng
th
en
in
g
b
o
t
h
in
ternal
an
d
ex
t
ernal
su
p
p
o
rt
o
rga
n
isatio
n
s
p
rov
id
es
p
o
sitiv
e o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
h
ealth
care
f
acilities,
th
e
r
eadi
n
ess
o
f
health
work
ers and
the achiev
e
m
e
n
t of
org
an
isatio
n
a
l go
als
Strategic Pl
an
n
in
g
Plan
n
in
g
p
rocess
th
at
is
p
erfo
r
m
ed
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
a
str
at
eg
y
to
g
u
id
e
th
e
d
irection
an
d
p
u
rpo
se
o
f
th
e
HIV/A
IDS
p
rog
r
am
m
e
.
Local
Stra
teg
y
Act
io
n
Plan
as
a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
HIV/A
IDS
act
iv
ities
at
b
o
th
th
e
p
ro
v
in
cial
an
d
d
istrict
lev
els
th
at
can b
e su
p
p
o
rted with
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
so
u
rc
ed
by
th
e local go
v
ern
m
en
t
Fu
n
d
in
g
Stability
The
ad
eq
u
acy
o
f
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
et
situ
atio
n
,
lo
cal
f
iscal
capacity,
f
u
n
d
in
g
sources,
sp
en
d
in
g
m
echan
i
s
m
s
an
d
strateg
ies
an
d
p
o
licies
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
ern
m
en
t and
C
SOs
Cap
acity
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
activ
ities
o
f
C
SOs
are
still
so
u
rc
ed
f
ro
m
d
o
n
o
rs.
Exit
strat
eg
y
-
cit
y
d
istricts
is
u
n
ev
en
willin
g
n
ess
to
s
p
en
d
,
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
-
cit
y
d
istrict
s
are
n
o
t
su
p
p
o
rted
b
y
th
e
ab
ility
o
f
local f
u
n
d
in
g
Evalu
atio
n
Prog
ra
m
Measu
re
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
th
e
achi
ev
e
m
en
t
o
f
HIV
an
d
AIDS
p
rog
ra
m
m
es
,
b
o
th
p
rog
ra
m
m
a
tic
an
d
m
u
lti
-
secto
rs
activ
ities
Data
co
llectio
n
m
e
ch
an
is
m
s
an
d
th
e
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
o
f
co
n
stitu
en
ts
in
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
still
rece
iv
e
less
atten
tio
n
.
Partici
p
atio
n
o
f
p
artners is still n
o
t
co
n
sis
ten
t du
ring
t
h
e evalu
atio
n
Prog
ra
m
Ad
ap
tatio
n
Res
p
o
n
se
to
regu
lato
ry
ch
an
g
es,
ad
ap
tatio
n
to
p
o
licy
in
teg
ration
serv
ices
p
rog
ra
m
,
n
ew
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
o
lic
y
(GF
-
NFM
)
an
d
in
stitu
tio
n
al
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
Prog
ra
m
m
e
h
as
n
o
t
b
een
ab
le
to
r
econ
cile
th
e
p
rov
isio
n
o
f
serv
ices to
con
stitu
en
ts.
New fu
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
el is no
t able to
pr
o
v
id
e ac
celer
atio
n
resp
o
n
se
Co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
Co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
strateg
y
with
sta
k
eh
o
ld
ers
an
d
th
e
g
en
eral
p
u
b
lic
ab
o
u
t the HIV
an
d
AIDS
p
rog
ra
m
m
e
Exis
tin
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
n
o
t
b
een
su
p
p
o
rted
b
y
th
e
ef
f
ectiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
deliv
ere
d
Un
d
erstand
in
g
o
f
the actors an
d
vo
lu
n
teers is still no
t e
q
u
al.
3.1.1.
Politic
al
an
d
e
nv
ir
onme
n
ta
l
supp
ort
Po
li
ti
cal
su
pp
or
t
for
the
sust
ai
nab
il
it
y
of
H
AP
s
i
n
Y
ogya
ka
rta
al
rea
dy
exists
i
n
the
f
orm
of
insti
tuti
on
al
suppo
rt
for
the
est
ablishm
ent
of
th
e
A
IDS
Com
m
issi
on
,
su
pp
or
te
d
by
fun
ding
gi
ven
to
the
reg
i
on
al
w
ork
un
it
s.
S
upport
al
so
com
es
fr
om
bo
th
th
e
hea
lt
h
and
no
n
-
he
al
th
sect
or
s,
s
uppo
rting
re
gul
at
ion
s
and
poli
cy
,
al
on
g
with
ad
voc
acy
fr
om
the
no
n
-
healt
h
sect
or
to
de
velo
p
integ
rated
act
iv
it
ie
s
of
HAPs
wh
il
e
su
pp
or
ti
ng
tre
atm
ent
and
ac
com
pan
i
m
ent
by
N
GO
s
.
T
w
o
in
form
ants
pro
vid
e
d
the
f
ollow
i
ng
i
nform
at
ion
con
ce
r
ning s
upport fo
r
s
uch pro
gr
am
m
es;
"...pr
e
ve
ntion
of
HIV
A
I
DS
in
the
pro
vi
nce
that
are
prom
otion
act
ivit
ie
s
fr
om
pr
eve
ntive
t
o
reh
a
bili
ta
ti
on
...i
n
local
governm
ent
there
is
al
so
the
AI
D
S
com
m
issi
on
in
wh
ic
h
the
re
is
a
m
e
m
ber
shi
p
of...
i
nvolv
em
ent o
f
local
gove
rn
m
ent wor
k un
it
s th
ere,
alt
hough t
he
e
xte
nt of soci
al
isa
ti
on in
acc
orda
nc
e w
it
h
existi
ng tar
gets." (KI0
5)
"...
in
the
pro
vin
ce
relat
e
d
to
H
IV
a
nd
A
ID
S
,
we
a
re
a
lready
sup
ported
by
the
general
healt
h
budget
...f
or
t
he
contr
ol of infe
ct
iou
s
disea
ses
...besides
, we a
lso
hav
e
rules f
or it
..
."
(KI
04)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
6
, No
.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
1
7
:
314
–
323
318
3.1.2.
Fundin
g
s
tabil
ity
Fund
i
ng
sta
bili
ty
fo
r
the
s
us
t
ai
nab
il
it
y
of
H
AP
s
has
not
be
en
im
ple
m
ented
opti
m
a
ll
y.
Fund
i
ng
for
serv
ic
e
aspects
was
s
upporte
d
well
en
ough
w
hile
the
la
r
gest
f
un
ding
f
or
accom
pan
i
m
ent
a
nd
loca
ti
on
of
people
li
ving
with
AIDS
de
pends
on
the
f
unding
of
the
Global
F
und
(
GF
)
.
T
he
pro
bl
e
m
s
encoun
te
red
wit
h
reg
a
rd
to
t
he
st
abili
ty
of
f
undi
ng
in
vo
l
ved
th
ei
r
f
undrai
sing
strat
egies
f
r
om
third
pa
rtie
s,
s
uch
as
s
upport
from
corp
or
at
e
s
ocia
l
respo
ns
i
bili
ty
(CSR)
pro
gra
m
m
es.
Wh
il
e
a
la
rg
e
portio
n
of
t
he
budget
was
sti
ll
al
loca
te
d
f
or
reag
e
nts,
the
gove
r
nm
ent
had
not
plan
ned
t
o
reso
l
ve
t
he
s
it
uation
if
the
GF
sto
pp
e
d
pr
ov
i
ding
s
uppo
r
t.
Tw
o
inf
or
m
ants p
r
ovide
d
te
sti
m
on
y about the
lac
k of f
unding
sta
bili
t
y:
"Fo
r
t
he
budg
et
we
think
i
s
no
t
en
ough
especial
ly
if
donors
sto
pp
ed
de
finite
ly
need
a
nother
effor
t.
..if
fun
din
g
sto
ps
s
o
w
e
inevita
bly
ne
ed
to
i
ncr
eas
e
the
bu
dg
et
s
for
healt
h,
es
pe
ci
al
ly
fo
r
H
I
V
a
nd
AIDS.
"
(KI
04)
"To
the
ade
qu
acy
of
t
he
budg
et
by
ig
nori
ng
the
hum
an
aspect
is
sti
ll
the
la
r
gest
portio
n
of
the
purc
hase
of
re
agen
ts
,
w
hile
increasi
ng
the
c
apacit
y
of
heal
th
pe
rs
onnel
is
sti
ll
ver
y
li
tt
le,
it
would
be
di
ff
ic
ult
to ad
a
pt
wh
e
n
l
at
er GF
no lo
nger
provide
d f
unding.
.." (K
I
12)
3.1.3.
Partnershi
ps
Partic
ipants
re
ported
that
pa
r
tners
hip
s
ca
n
con
t
rib
ute
in
the
form
of
sy
nergy
in
te
rm
s
of
res
ources
and
budget
wi
thin
existi
ng
pa
rtnershi
p
net
works
in
or
de
r
to
ens
ure
th
e
su
sta
ina
bili
t
y
of
the
progr
a
m
m
e.
Coordi
nation,
plan
ning,
acce
ptabili
ty
of
serv
ic
e
an
d
invo
lvem
ent
of
m
e
m
ber
s
of
the
AI
D
S
Com
missi
on
con
ce
r
ning
part
ner
s
hip
we
re
im
po
rtant
ov
e
ra
ll
.
Ho
we
ve
r,
th
ere
exists
a
seriou
s
co
nce
rn
a
bout
the
abili
ty
an
d
qu
al
it
y
of
the
par
t
ner
s
hip
it
s
el
f
to
achie
ve
the
ta
rget
s
set
and
m
echan
ism
s
for
co
ordi
nation
with
CS
Os
wh
i
c
h
te
nd
t
o
rely
on
the
pro
gra
m
m
es
pr
ovide
d
by
donors
.
Tw
o
i
nfor
m
ants
s
har
e
d
t
hese
c
oncer
ns
ab
ou
t
par
t
ner
s
hip
s:
“The
pa
rtne
rs
hi
p
with
net
wor
king
is
the
wa
y
we
hav
e
our
local
govern
m
ent
wo
r
k
un
i
t
and
N
G
Os
involve
d
in
the
pr
epa
rati
on
of...part
ner
s
hip
de
finite
progra
m
m
e
of
suppo
rt
fo
r
the
budg
et
and
ver
y
hel
pful."
(KI06)
"The
co
ordi
nation
of
e
xisti
ng
con
tri
bu
ti
ons
to
the
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
the
program
is
ver
y
big
becaus
e
we
ca
nnot
w
or
k
al
one.
Eve
n
i
f
we
a
re
no
t
i
nvol
ved
in
j
oi
nt
act
ivit
ie
s,
bu
t
our
program
m
e
is
sti
ll
delivered
by
our
par
t
ner
.
..y
es
we
a
re
wor
king
with
th
ose
w
ho
helpe
d
our
wor
k.
.
.
W
it
h
our
par
tne
rs
hip
,
there
was
good
syner
gy in
te
r
m
s o
f
budget
a
nd sup
port
res
ources."
(KI
23
)
3.1.4.
Org
an
is
at
io
nal
capaci
t
y
In
ge
ne
ral,
the
orga
nisati
on
'
s
respo
ns
e
t
o
HIV/AIDS
has
be
en
s
uppo
rted
thr
ough
the
f
or
m
ula
ti
on
of
po
li
ci
es
on
H
I
V/AIDS
,
pr
ov
i
sion
of
se
rv
ic
es,
capaci
ty
-
buil
ding
of
hea
lt
hcar
e
facil
it
ie
s
and
healt
h
hu
m
an
resou
rces
a
nd
corp
or
at
e
gove
rn
a
nce.
Stre
ngtheni
ng
bo
t
h
int
ern
al
a
nd
e
xter
nal
s
upport
org
ani
sat
ion
s
provi
de
s
po
sit
ive
ou
tc
om
es
fo
r
healt
hc
are
facil
it
ie
s
a
nd
prom
otes
the
read
ines
s
of
healt
h
w
orkers
and
the
achie
vem
en
t
of
orga
nisati
onal
goal
s.
E
xis
ti
ng
organ
isa
ti
on
s
are
al
s
o
s
upporte
d
by
t
he
ro
le
of
CSO
s
as
well
as
by
good
corp
or
at
e
gove
rn
a
nce a
nd
pro
act
ive r
es
pons
e
s to
s
uppo
rt the
gov
e
r
nm
ent
'
s t
arg
et
perf
or
m
ance in
Yo
gyak
arta.
“...
By
wor
king
with
the
distr
ic
t/
ci
t
y
in
20
19,
al
l
healt
h
c
entres
are
able
to
pro
vid
e
a
m
ini
m
u
m
of
early
detect
ion
of
H
I
V/AID
S..
.
from
12
1
pr
im
ary
healt
hcar
e
(PHC)
as
m
any
a
s
59
are
able
to
pe
rfor
m
screeni
ng, whil
e so
m
e h
ospit
al
s h
a
ve becom
e centres
for re
ferral
servic
es
for HI
V/A
IDS.
..” (K
40)
3.1.5.
Eva
lu
at
i
on
of
progra
mme
Pr
og
ram
m
e
evaluati
on
of
ca
pa
ci
ty
fo
r
su
sta
i
nab
il
it
y
has
m
or
e
li
m
it
ed
capaci
ty
especial
l
y
fo
r
m
ulti
-
sect
or
e
va
lu
at
ion
accom
m
od
a
te
d
by
YPAC.
On
e
A
IDS
C
om
m
iss
ion
pro
gram
m
er
repor
t
ed
bein
g
ham
per
ed
in
evaluati
on
ef
f
ort
s
by
la
ck
of
s
ta
ff
capaci
ty
a
nd
fun
ding
pri
or
it
ie
s.
A
ddit
ion
al
ly
,
so
m
e
stak
eh
old
e
rs
a
nd
CSOs
hav
e
not
ye
t
ben
efit
ed
from
evaluati
ons,
w
hich
wer
e
c
on
du
c
te
d,
a
nd
t
hus,
e
valuati
on
of
im
ple
m
entation
sti
ll
needs
to
be
re
viewe
d
with
pa
rtic
ular
reg
a
r
d
to
t
he
r
ole
a
nd
ta
rg
et
s
of
t
he
NGOs
al
ig
ned
with
t
he
na
ti
on
al
ta
rg
et
s. O
ne
in
form
ant ex
plai
ned the im
pacts of the
se c
halle
ng
e
s:
"Ob
sta
cl
es
i
n
the
eval
uation
are
s
ti
ll
ther
e
beca
us
e
it
sti
ll
reli
es
on
regular
re
por
ts
from
the
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip
of
the
AIDS
c
om
m
iss
ion
s…t
hi
s
has
an
i
m
pact
on
w
hen
one
would
be
e
va
luate
d.
It
bec
om
es
hard
to
be
eval
uated
du
e
t
o
in
com
plete
data.
Anothe
r
pr
ob
le
m
is
that
there
are
so
m
e
m
e
mb
er
in
sti
tuti
on
s
that
hav
e
not
ye
t
be
nef
it
ed
from
t
he
prese
nce
of
the
eval
uatio
n.
This
has
a
n
i
m
pact
on
the
m
ot
ivati
on
to
colle
ct
sta
tem
ents
beco
m
ing
al
so
reduced
becau
s
e
he
felt
i
t
was
only
fo
r
the
ben
e
fit
of
Prov
i
ncial
AI
DS
Com
m
i
ssion
al
on
e."
(KI
08)
3.1.6.
Adapta
tion
of
progr
amme
The
Y
og
ya
kar
t
a
pr
ovincia
l
gove
r
nm
ent
has
been
proacti
ve
in
discuss
in
g
the
transf
e
r
of
the
ro
le
to
respo
nd
i
ng
H
AP
s.
Pa
rtic
ipants
re
porte
d
t
hat
they
ha
d
l
it
tl
e
diff
ic
ulty
in
a
da
pting
to
a
va
riet
y
of
proce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Su
st
aina
bili
ty
Capacit
y o
f
HIV/
AIDS
P
rogr
ammes i
n
Y
ogy
akart
a, I
ndone
sia (Peri
gr
i
nu
s
S
e
bong)
319
integrati
ons
a
nd
in
novatio
ns
of
e
xisti
ng
se
r
vices.
H
oweve
r,
the
f
undam
ental
prob
le
m
i
s
that
the
vo
l
unte
er
act
ivit
ie
s
relat
e
d
to
outreach
a
nd
m
entor
i
ng
a
re
co
ntin
uous
l
y
decr
easi
ng
i
n
nu
m
ber
du
e
to
bein
g
s
upport
ed
by
a
ne
w
fun
ding
m
od
el
,
espec
ia
ll
y
fo
r
CS
O
s,
w
hic
h
la
r
ge
ly
rely
on
do
nors
or
inter
na
ti
on
al
f
undi
ng.
O
ne
inf
or
m
ant expla
ined h
ow s
ome
progr
am
m
es h
ave
h
a
d
t
o
a
da
pt to
c
ha
ng
i
ng circ
um
sta
nces:
“New
f
undi
ng
m
od
el
s
hav
e
r
edu
ce
d
the
sup
port
to
the
pee
r
support
fiel
d
workers
with
i
m
pl
ic
at
ion
s
that
the
nu
m
be
r
co
ntinu
e
s
to
decli
ne
beca
use
there
i
s
no
lo
ng
e
r
a
bu
dg
et
.
.
.
W
e
fi
nally
fo
c
us
on
the
new
HIV
-
po
sit
ive
p
e
ople
b
eca
us
e
we h
ope they ca
n be
able to
be
i
nde
pende
nt."
(KI08)
3.1.7.
Co
m
munic
at
i
on
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
capaci
ty
to
ens
ur
e
the
s
ust
ai
nab
il
it
y
of
the
pro
gr
am
m
e
m
essages,
m
et
hods
an
d
m
edia
are
su
f
fici
en
t.
H
ow
e
ver,
the
eff
ect
iveness
of
exi
sti
ng
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
especi
al
ly
fo
r
com
m
un
it
y
involvem
ent
in
the
pro
gr
am
m
es
as
well
as
pa
rtic
ipati
on
in
the
exam
inati
on
is
sti
ll
no
t
effe
ct
ive.
A
dd
it
io
nally
,
the
pro
blem
of
sti
gm
a
and
discrim
inati
on
st
il
l
exist
in
so
c
ie
t
y.
Two
in
f
orm
ants
sh
ared
si
m
il
ar
views
about
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
c
hannels.
“Ther
e
are
sti
ll
people
who
a
r
e
awar
e
,
bu
t
m
any
w
ho
are
not
awa
re
as
we
ll
bu
t
we
do
not
ye
t
hav
e
the
cal
culat
io
ns
for
it
....
W
e
ha
ve
no
re
search
that
e
valuates
t
he
ben
e
fits
of
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
to
t
he
com
m
un
it
y"
. (
KI01 a
nd KI06
)
3.1.8.
St
r
at
e
g
ic
pla
n
ning
All
par
ti
ci
pan
t
s
descr
i
bed
t
he
nee
d
f
or
m
or
e
pr
ogres
s
in
su
ch
plan
ning,
an
d
e
xpla
ined
how
syst
e
m
atical
ly
de
velo
ped
a
nd
im
ple
m
ente
d
is
t
he
Str
at
egic
Re
gi
on
al
Acti
on
Pla
n
(S
RA
D).
T
he
f
orum
(
Mus
rem
bang
)
an
d
the
Jog
j
a
plan
a
re
ver
y
s
upportive
to
l
oc
al
gove
rn
m
ent
plan
ning
in
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
.
H
oweve
r
,
oth
e
r
strat
egies
relat
ed
to
cap
aci
ty
bu
il
din
g
and
th
e
de
velo
pm
ent
of
local
fina
ncin
g
with
third
par
ti
es
in
order
to
s
upport
posit
ive
en
vir
on
m
ental
m
it
igati
on
ha
ve
no
t
bee
n
form
al
l
y
sta
ted
in
the
docum
ents.
O
ne
in
for
m
ant
exp
la
ine
d ab
ou
t st
rategic
plan
ning:
“
W
e
ha
ve
the
gu
i
delines
of
SRAD
a
s
the
ref
e
ren
ce
i
n
c
on
t
ro
l
of
AID
S
in
Y
ogya
ka
r
ta
...
pla
nn
i
ng
strat
egic
ta
rg
e
t
ind
ic
at
or
s
f
or
act
ivit
y
in
dicat
or
s
i
n
th
e
releva
nt
l
oc
al
governm
e
nt
w
ork
unit
.
..W
it
h
consi
der
at
io
n
of
t
he
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
pr
ogram
we
fo
ll
ow
up
into
ne
w
loca
l
gove
rn
m
ent
strat
egic
pla
nn
ing
..."
(KI05)
3.2.
Discussio
n
To
ou
r
knowle
dg
e
, th
is i
s the f
irst q
ualit
at
ive stud
y i
n
I
ndon
esi
a exp
lo
rin
g t
he
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
capaci
ty
of
H
AP
s
.
O
ur
find
in
gs
in
di
cat
ed
that
po
l
it
ic
al
su
pport
,
or
ga
nisati
ona
l
capaci
ty
,
str
at
egic
plann
i
ng
an
d
par
t
ner
s
hip
s
ar
e
the
s
uppo
rting
fact
or
s
of
m
ai
ns
tream
su
sta
inabili
ty
of
HAPs
in
Yogy
akar
ta
.
H
owev
er,
t
he
sta
bili
ty
of
f
un
ding,
e
valuati
on
a
nd
a
da
ptati
on
of
pro
gr
am
m
es
and
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
need
to
be
stre
ngth
ened
t
o
gu
a
ra
ntee
the
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
of
these
pro
gram
m
es.
The
li
m
itati
on
of
this
st
ud
y
is
that
it
does
no
t
in
volv
e
any
com
m
un
it
y
groups
w
ho
are
the
ben
e
fici
ari
es
of
the
pr
ogram
m
e.
Ho
we
ver,
this
s
tud
y
inv
ol
ved
par
ti
ci
pan
ts
from
var
io
us
s
ta
keholde
r
gro
up
s
re
pr
e
senti
ng
H
IV
/
AIDS
care
in
the
c
om
m
un
it
y,
wh
i
ch
se
rv
e
d
t
o
re
pr
ese
nt
key po
pu
la
ti
on
grou
ps
.
Su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
a
healt
h
pr
ogram
m
e
is
a
process
that
e
ncou
rag
es
t
he
adap
ta
ti
on
of
a
syst
e
m
of
pr
e
ve
n
ti
on
a
nd
con
ti
nu
ous
in
novatio
n
into
t
he
on
-
goin
g
operati
onal
co
ndit
ion
s
a
nd
pr
ov
i
de
be
ne
fits
to
the
var
i
ou
s
sta
ke
holde
rs
[
21]
.
S
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
fo
cu
ses
on
he
al
th
i
m
pr
ove
m
ent,
co
ntinuou
s
co
ntr
ol
of
healt
h
pro
blem
s,
m
a
i
ntainin
g
pro
gra
m
m
e
eff
ect
iveness,
acce
ss
a
nd
co
verage
pr
ogram
or
inter
ven
ti
on
[
12
]
,
[13]
.
A
s
a
ve
rtic
al
pro
gram
with
sig
nificant
fun
ding
from
national
an
d
e
xter
nal
ai
d,
s
us
ta
ina
bi
li
ty
of
the
H
A
Ps
is
crit
ic
al
.
Ba
sed
on
thei
r
re
view
of
li
te
rature,
they
su
rm
ise
d
su
sta
i
nab
il
it
y
to
be
aff
ect
ed
by
fi
na
ncia
l
and
po
li
ti
cal
support,
c
omm
un
it
y
eng
a
gem
ent,
par
t
ner
s
hip,
pro
gr
am
m
e
adap
ta
bili
ty
,
po
li
cy
su
pp
or
t,
pr
ogra
m
owne
rsh
i
p
tra
nsfer
, decentral
i
sat
ion
,
org
a
nis
at
ion
al
ca
pacit
y and p
r
ogram
m
e sett
ing
[
2],[22
]
,
[23]
.
In
t
his
stu
dy,
our
fi
nd
i
ngs
r
eflect
the
im
p
or
ta
nce
of
po
l
it
ic
al
su
ppor
t
and
poli
ti
cal
l
eaders
hip
i
n
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
do
m
ai
ns
as
w
el
l
as
in
strat
e
gy
pla
nn
i
ng,
a
long
with
par
t
ner
s
hips
to
bu
il
d
orga
nisati
on
a
nd
pro
gr
am
read
iness
f
or
cha
ng
e
[24],[
25]
.
K
aran
et
al
.
il
lus
trat
ed
that
poli
ti
cal
le
ader
sh
i
p
enc
ou
rag
es
le
a
der
s
t
o
no
t
only
de
vel
op
or
im
pr
ove
the
healt
h
syst
e
m
bu
t
al
s
o
to
use
th
ei
r
i
nhere
nt
in
flue
nc
e
on
t
he
publ
ic
or
sta
keholde
r
int
erest.
I
n
a
dd
it
ion,
in
decen
t
r
al
iz
at
ion
poli
ci
es
in
w
hich
de
ci
sion
m
aking
and
pr
i
or
it
y
se
tt
ing
processes
ha
ve
bee
n
dev
el
oped,
poli
ti
cal
su
pport
is
im
po
r
ta
nt
beca
us
e
le
ader
s
ha
ve
t
he
abili
ty
for
re
s
ource
al
locat
ion
[26]
.
W
e
hi
gh
li
gh
t
ed
the
r
ole
of
the
gove
rnor
of
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
,
who
has
en
orm
ou
s
influ
e
nc
e,
by
t
he
pr
i
or
it
isa
ti
on
of
the
re
gional
healt
h
de
velo
pm
ent
plan.
Thi
s
is
in
accord
a
nce
with
the
a
dv
ic
e
of
Ca
lh
oun
et
al
.
to
im
pr
ov
e
the
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
the
pro
gr
am
m
es,
par
t
nersh
ips
m
us
t
ha
ve
a
co
ncr
et
e
pla
n
of
act
ion
ba
s
ed
on
the r
es
ults
of
t
he
a
naly
sis o
f bo
t
h
inte
rn
al
a
nd ex
te
rn
al
e
nvir
on
m
ents
[
16]
,[
26]
.
Pr
io
rity
set
ti
ng
a
nd
strat
egi
c
plan
ning
by
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
pro
vin
ci
al
gove
rn
m
ents
seem
s
to
be
m
ai
n
basis
f
or
the
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
of
the
HAPs
[
21
]
,[
22]
,[27
]
-
[
29]
.
The
pa
rtne
rs
hip
s
that
hav
e
been
form
ed
in
te
rm
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
6
, No
.
4
,
Decem
ber
20
1
7
:
314
–
323
320
of
re
sourc
es
and
budget
can
con
tri
bu
te
to
dev
el
op
i
ng
sy
nergy
to
ens
ure
the
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
progr
a
m
m
es
[30
]
-
[
33]
.
In
l
ine
with
this
fin
ding,
sup
port
fo
r
the
P
rovincial
Healt
h
Of
fice
in
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
by
local
sta
keholde
rs
a
nd
CS
Os
i
n
res
pondin
g
to
HIV/AIDS
iss
ues
are
al
read
y
s
howi
ng
posit
ive
resu
lt
s
f
or
hea
lt
hcar
e
pro
vid
er
s,
he
al
th
pr
of
essi
on
al
s
an
d
t
he
ac
hievem
ent
of
or
gan
isa
ti
onal
goal
s.
H
ow
e
ver,
al
thou
gh
po
l
it
ic
al
su
pp
or
t
directl
y i
nf
lue
nce
d
r
e
so
urce al
loc
at
ion, it
w
a
s
no
t
f
ound to
in
flue
nc
e f
unding all
oc
at
ion
.
Our
fi
nd
i
ngs
r
eflect
that
pro
gr
am
m
e
evaluati
on
,
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
a
n
d
pro
gr
am
adap
ta
ti
on
m
ay
be
relat
ed
to
f
un
ding.
Lack
of
f
unding
was
a
m
ajo
r
iss
ue
f
or
t
he
s
us
ta
inabili
ty
of
H
AP
s,
pa
rtic
ula
rly
for
par
t
ner
s
hip
e
va
luati
on
act
ivit
ie
s,
assessm
ent
of
ef
fecti
ve
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
an
d
pro
gr
am
m
es
wh
ic
h
a
re
m
uch
le
ss
flexibili
ty
to
ad
a
pt
due
t
o
lim
i
te
d
res
our
ces
[
13
]
,
[34],[
35
]
.
O
ne
c
ondi
ti
on
that
nee
ds
serio
us
at
te
nti
on
is
that
the
la
ck
of
fun
ding
has
le
d
to
capaci
ty
bu
il
ding
act
ivit
ie
s
and
the
act
ivit
ie
s
of
C
SO
s
w
hich
ar
e
sti
l
l
do
m
inate
d
by
foreig
n
ai
d
[36]
-
[39]
.
T
his
is
a
chall
en
ge
g
i
ven
the
ris
k
of
fail
ure
of
res
ponse
to
the
ch
ang
e
s,
and
as a
res
ult, p
r
ogram
m
es c
urren
tl
y are no
t able t
o
achiev
e their targ
et
s
and
obj
ect
ive
s
eff
ect
ively
[
40]
,[
41]
.
In
ad
diti
on,
t
he
ro
le
a
nd
t
he
e
ff
ect
ive
ne
ss
of
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
sti
ll
cou
ld
not
i
m
pr
ove
c
omm
un
ity
al
ign
m
ents to
c
reate pa
rtic
ipati
on
i
n
e
nsuring
the s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
o
f HA
Ps in
Yogyaka
rta [
4]
,[42
]
,
[43]
.
Stabil
it
y
of
fund
i
ng
seem
s
to
be
a
m
ajo
r
chall
enge
to
t
he
s
us
ta
ina
bili
ty
of
H
AP
s
in
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
.
Howe
ver,
wit
h
c
om
pr
ehe
ns
ive
plan
ning,
par
t
ner
s
hip
str
uctu
re
a
nd
suf
fici
ent
orga
nis
at
ion
al
cap
aci
ty
can
ens
ur
e
t
hat
H
A
Ps
will
c
on
ti
nu
e
with
t
he
ta
r
ge
ts
set
by
t
he
Pr
ovi
ncial
Hea
lt
h
O
ff
ic
e
of
Y
og
ya
kar
ta
[4]
.
Set
in
the
strat
egic
pl
ann
in
g
of
org
anisat
ion
al
perform
ance
ind
ic
at
or
s
f
or
H
IV
and
AIDS
ta
r
gets,
SR
AD
fundi
ng
changes
,
a
nd
var
i
ou
s
in
nova
ti
on
s
a
re
t
he
ef
forts
ta
ke
n
by
t
he
gove
r
nm
ent
to
ove
r
com
e
the
ba
rri
ers
to
Yogyaka
rta’s
sta
bili
ty
in
pr
ogram
m
e
fu
nd
i
ng
[44
]
,
[
45]
.
S
trat
egic
plan
ni
ng
bec
om
es
es
sentia
l
to
ens
ure
the
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
HIV/A
IDS
program
m
es
in
the
pro
vin
ce
[
46
]
,
[47]
.
In
ad
diti
on,
the
governm
ent
of
Yogyaka
rta al
r
eady has
doc
um
ents, in
cl
udi
ng a local st
rategy an
d
act
io
n plan
for HI
V/
AIDS, f
or the
nex
t
five
ye
ars
that
co
uld
be
a
ref
e
renc
e
for
the
li
cens
ing
of
HIV
a
nd
A
IDS
res
ponse
org
a
nisati
ons
and
sta
ke
ho
l
der
s
,
bo
t
h
at
pro
vin
c
ia
l and
district
le
vels in
t
he
ci
ty
[44],[
47]
,[48]
.
3.3.
Sustain
ab
il
ity
capaci
t
y
c
om
ments
Su
sta
ina
bili
ty
capaci
ty
m
od
el
s d
e
velo
ped
by
Luke et al
. ar
e
r
el
eva
nt to
the
co
ndit
io
ns
of t
he
res
ear
c
h
sit
e.
This
m
od
el
is
co
m
pr
ehe
ns
ively
able
to
identify
and
e
xp
la
in
the
a
bili
ty
and
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
HI
V/
AIDS
pro
gr
am
m
es
i
n
the
pro
vin
ce
.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
w
e
fou
nd
t
hat
di
ff
ere
nt
co
ndit
ion
s
are
nee
de
d
in
t
his
resea
rch
t
o
ens
ur
e the
su
st
ai
nab
il
it
y of
all
the dom
ai
ns
, in
cl
udin
g
the st
abili
t
y of
f
un
di
ng
a
nd strategi
c p
la
nnin
g
as c
entral
aspects
for
t
he
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
of
the
pro
gr
am
m
e.
This
m
od
el
is
m
or
e
ef
fecti
ve
wh
e
n
m
easur
i
ng
the
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
c
apacit
y
befor
e
and
a
fter
foreign
ai
d
f
undi
ng
end
s
.
Ot
her
fa
ct
or
s
wh
ic
h
w
ere
f
ound
duri
ng
t
he
stu
dy
that
al
so
play
a
rol
e
in
ensu
ri
ng
the
su
sta
in
abili
ty
of
the
pr
og
ram
m
es
include
com
m
un
ity
e
m
po
we
rm
ent, ind
e
pe
nd
e
nce
,
the
ro
le
of NG
Os
a
nd the
sust
ai
nab
il
it
y of
ac
cess to
healt
hc
are se
rv
ic
es.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Po
li
ti
cal
su
pp
or
t,
pa
rtne
rs
hip
,
orga
nisati
onal
ca
pacit
y
and
pla
nn
i
ng
a
re
im
po
rtant
c
onditi
ons
t
o
encou
rag
e
pro
gr
am
m
e
su
sta
i
nab
il
it
y.
The
sta
bili
ty
of
fund
i
ng,
pro
gr
a
m
evaluati
on
,
abili
ty
to
adap
t
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
to
e
nsure
su
s
ta
inabili
ty
of
H
IV
/A
I
DS
pro
gra
m
m
es
are
the
m
ai
n
barriers.
Althou
gh
the
r
esul
ts
of
a
qual
it
at
ive
stud
y
ca
nnot
be
us
e
d
t
o
m
ake
f
or
m
al
gen
erali
sat
io
ns
,
we
co
ns
i
der
th
e
fin
dings
tr
ust
worthy
enou
gh
to
s
upport
m
os
t
of
the
inform
at
ion
about
the
su
sta
i
nab
il
it
y
of
HIV/AIDS p
r
ogr
a
m
m
es.
Su
gg
e
sti
on
s
t
o
the
pro
vin
ci
al
gove
rn
m
ent
in
Yogyaka
rta
in
cl
ud
e
the
nee
d
to
i
m
pr
ove
ad
vocacy
to
the
di
stric
t
governm
ent
s
o
the
AIDS
Co
m
m
iss
ion
bec
om
es
a
par
tner
in
the
Distric
t
Healt
h
O
ff
ic
e
and
th
e
nee
d
f
or
the
gove
rnm
ent
to
fin
d
sources
of
fun
ding
thr
ough
de
velo
ping
colla
borati
ons
with
the
pr
ivate
sect
or
,
s
uc
h
as
thr
ou
gh
CSR
pro
gr
am
s.
At
t
he
sam
e
tim
e,
pro
vin
ci
al
go
ve
rn
m
ents
al
so
need
to
de
velo
p
fun
ding
opport
un
it
ie
s
f
or
NGOs
thr
ough
co
ntra
ct
ual
m
echan
ism
s,
su
ch
as
public
ser
vice
ag
encies
to
c
onti
nu
e
im
pr
ovin
g
accom
pan
im
e
nt
an
d
fin
ding
new p
e
op
le
li
vi
ng w
it
h H
I
V.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
aut
hors
would
li
ke
to
acknow
le
dg
e
the
Yogyaka
rta
Pr
ovincia
l
Healt
h
Office
,
and
th
e
Yogyaka
rta
A
I
DS
Com
m
issio
n
for
their
as
sist
ance
on
va
r
iou
s
as
pects
of
this
stud
y.
W
e
would
al
s
o
li
ke
to
than
k
the
sta
ff
of
t
he
ORP
F
K
U
GM
a
nd
Kli
nik
Ba
hasa
and
al
l
par
t
ne
rs
f
or
sup
porting
t
he
re
searc
h
a
nd
par
ti
ci
patin
g
in
the st
ud
y
by s
har
i
ng their
ex
per
ie
nces.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N:
22
52
-
8806
Su
st
aina
bili
ty
Capacit
y o
f
HIV/
AIDS
P
rogr
ammes i
n
Y
ogy
akart
a, I
ndone
sia (Peri
gr
i
nu
s
S
e
bong)
321
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
MoH
,
“
Strat
egic
pla
nn
ing
of
the
Indone
sian
h
ealt
h
m
ini
str
y
for
20
15
-
2019,
”
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istr
y
of
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ea
l
th
,
Ja
kar
ta
,
2015
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Abebe
,
“
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ta
ina
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il
ity
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es,
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gement
i
n
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ta
ina
bi
li
t
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ective
progr
a
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poli
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in
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al
he
al
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epa
rtments
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nt Prac
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G.
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h
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A.
W
hit
eside,
“
W
hat
does
sus
tainabi
l
ity
m
e
an
i
n
the
HIV
and
AID
S
response
?
Afric
an
,
”
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AI
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rese
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b
il
i
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c
h
ealth
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s,”
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ic Heal
th
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v
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[7]
A.
Shiga
y
eva
a
nd
R.
J.
Coker,
“
Comm
unic
abl
e
disea
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con
tro
l
progra
m
m
es
and
hea
lt
h
s
y
s
tem
s :
an
ana
l
y
tic
al
appr
oac
h
to
sus
ta
ina
b
il
ity
,
”
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th
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li
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Planning
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[8]
S.
Stoll
,
e
t
al
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,
“
A
m
ixe
d
-
m
et
hod
appl
i
cation
of
th
e
progra
m
sus
ta
ina
bil
i
t
y
assess
m
ent
too
l
to
evalua
t
e
th
e
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
of 4 pe
di
at
ri
c asth
m
a
ca
r
e coordi
n
at
ion
progra
m
s,”
Prev Chronic Dis
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,
vo
l.
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,
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1
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[9]
D.
A.
Luke
,
et
al
.
,
“
The
progra
m
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
assess
m
ent
tool
:
a
new
instrument
for
publi
c
hea
l
th
progra
m
s,”
Prev
Chronic
Dis
.
,
vo
l/
issue:
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(3)
,
pp
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130184
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2014
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[10]
S.
K.
Bowen,
et
al
.
,
“
As
sess
in
g
le
vel
s
of
adapta
ti
on
dur
ing
i
m
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
evi
dence
-
bas
ed
int
erv
ent
ions
:
int
roduc
ing
th
e Rogers
–
Rüt
te
n
fra
m
ework,
”
H
e
alt
h
Educ
at
ion &
Be
havi
or
,
vol/is
sue:
37(6)
,
pp.
815
-
30
,
2010
.
[11]
N.
Charoe
n
ca,
et
al
.
,
“
How
Tha
iland’s
gre
a
ter
conve
rg
ence
cre
a
te
d
sus
taina
ble
fund
ing
for
emergi
ng
h
ealt
h
priori
ties c
ause
d
b
y
glob
al
i
zation
,
”
Gl
ob
Heal
th A
ct
ion
,
pp
.
9716
,
2015
.
[12]
D.
E.
Nelson,
et
al
.
,
“
Succe
ss
fully
m
ai
nt
ai
ning
pr
ogra
m
funding
during
tr
y
ing
ti
m
es:
Le
ss
ons
from
toba
cc
o
cont
r
ol
progra
m
s in
fiv
e
states,”
JP
HM
P
,
2007
.
[13]
S.
Stirm
an,
et
al
.
,
“
Th
e
sus
ta
in
a
bil
ity
of
n
ew
pr
ogra
m
s
and
inn
ovat
ions:
a
r
eview
of
th
e
empiric
a
l
l
it
er
at
ur
e
an
d
rec
om
m
enda
ti
on
s for
futur
e
r
ese
a
rch
,
”
Imple
men
t Sci
.
,
vo
l/
issue:
7
(1)
,
pp
.
17
,
2012
.
[14]
A.
Sharm
a,
et
al
.
,
“
Buil
ding
sus
t
ai
nab
le
orga
n
iz
a
ti
onal
ca
pa
cit
y
t
o
del
ive
r
HIV
progra
m
s
in
resourc
e
-
constr
ai
n
ed
sett
ings:
st
ake
ho
lde
r
p
erspe
c
ti
ves
,
”
Globa
l
Hea
lt
h
Action
,
pp.
971
6
,
2013
.
[15]
J.
Creswel
l,
“
Re
sea
rch
Design:
Quali
t
at
iv
e,
Qua
nti
tative,
and
M
ixe
d
Methods
Approac
hes,
”
3ed
.
London
,
Sa
g
e
Public
ation
,
200
9.
[16]
A.
Cal
houn
,
et
al
.
,
“
Us
ing
the
progra
m
sus
ta
in
abi
lit
y
assess
m
e
nt
tool
to
assess
and
p
la
n
for
su
stai
nability
,
”
Pr
ev
Chronic
Dis
.
,
vo
l.
11
,
pp
.
130185
,
2014
.
[17]
Tong
A
.
,
et
al
.
,
“
Consolida
te
d
cri
te
r
ia
for
re
porti
ng
qualitati
ve
rese
ar
ch
(COREQ):
a
32
-
item
che
ckl
ist
fo
r
int
erv
i
ews a
nd
f
ocus
groups
,”
In
t
J
Qual
M
et
hod
s
,
vol/is
sue:
19(6
)
,
pp
.
349
–
57
,
2
007
.
[18]
M.
Cope
,
“
Inte
r
pre
ti
ng
and
Com
m
unic
at
ing
,
”
Quali
t
at
iv
e
R
ese
ar
c
h
,
2010
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[19]
A.
Hus
s
ei
n,
“
T
he
use
of
tr
ia
ng
ula
ti
on
in
soc
ia
l
scie
nc
es
rese
ar
ch:
c
an
qua
li
t
at
i
ve
and
qu
a
ntitative
m
et
hods
b
e
combined
?
”
JCS
W
,
pp
.
1
–
12
,
20
09
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[20]
B.
D.
De
C
aste
rl
e,
et al
.
,
“
QU
AGOL
:
A gui
d
e
for
qual
itati
v
e
d
ata analy
sis,
”
In
t J Nur
s St
ud
,
pp
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60
–
71
,
201
2
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[21]
K.
Johns
on,
et
al.
,
“
Buil
ding
c
apa
c
ity
and
sus
ta
ina
b
le
pr
eve
nt
i
on
innova
t
ions:
a
sus
ta
ina
b
il
i
t
y
pla
nning
m
odel,
”
Ev
aluation and
Program
Pl
anni
ng
,
vol
.
27
,
pp
.
1
35
–
49
,
2004
.
[22]
L.
R
.
Hirschhor
n,
e
t
al
.
,
“
From
sca
li
ng
up
t
o
sus
ta
ina
bi
li
t
y
in
HIV
:
pot
en
ti
al
le
ss
on
s
for
m
oving
forwar
d,
”
Globali
zation
an
d
Healt
h
,
pp
.
1
–
9
,
2013
.
[23]
L.
Dem
igl
io
and
A.
M.
W
il
li
ams
,
“
A
qual
it
a
ti
v
e
stud
y
ex
amining
the
sus
ta
in
abi
l
ity
of
shar
ed
ca
r
e
in
the
d
el
iv
er
y
o
f
pal
liati
v
e ca
r
e
se
rvic
es
in the
co
m
m
unit
y
,
”
BMC
Palliat
iv
e
Care
,
vol/
issue:
12(1)
,
pp.
1
,
2013
.
[24]
D.
Altman
and
K.
Buse,
“
Thi
n
king
politically
about
HIV
:
pol
i
ti
c
al
an
aly
sis
an
d
ac
t
ion
in
resp
onse
to
AID
S,”
Conte
mp P
o
li
t
,
v
ol/
issue:
1
8(2)
,
p
p.
127
–
40
,
2012
.
[25]
S.
Benne
t
t,
et
a
l.
,
“
Sus
ta
ina
b
il
i
t
y
of
donor
pro
gra
m
s:
eva
luati
ng
and
informi
ng
the
tr
ansit
io
n
of
a
la
rg
e
HI
V
pre
vention
progr
am i
n
Indi
a to lo
ca
l
ownership,”
Glob
Healt
h
A
ction
,
vo
l.
1
,
pp.
1
–
9
,
2011
.
[26]
A.
Kara
n,
et
a
l.
,
“
The
pote
n
ti
a
l
for
poli
t
ic
a
l
l
ea
d
ership
in
HIV
/
AID
S
com
m
unic
ation
ca
m
pa
ign
s
in
Sub
-
Sahar
an
Afric
a,”
Glob
H
eal
th
Action
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
10(1)
,
20
17
.
[27]
I.
Kat
z,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Le
ss
ons
le
arn
ed
from
stake
holder
-
drive
n
sus
taina
bil
ity
an
aly
sis
of
six
na
ti
ona
l
HI
V
progra
m
m
es,
”
Healt
h
Pol
i
cy an
d
Pl
ann
ing
,
pp.
379
–
87
,
2015
.
[28]
D.
Ree
l
ede
r
,
et
al.
,
“
Leade
rship
and
priori
t
y
se
tt
i
ng:
the
per
spe
cti
ve
of
hospita
l
C
EOs,”
Healt
h
P
oli
c
y
,
vol
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y
,
e
t
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l.
,
“
W
hat
Is
he
al
th
comm
unic
at
ion
and
how
does
it a
ffe
c
t
the
HIV
/A
IDS
cont
inuum of
ca
r
e
?
:
A
br
ie
f
primer
and
ca
s
e s
tud
y
from
New
York Ci
t
y
,
”
J Acquir Immune
De
fi
c
Syndr
,
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I.
E
jaz,
et
al
.
,
“
NG
Os
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gover
nm
ent
par
tn
ership
for
h
ealth
s
ystems
strengt
hen
ing:
A
qu
al
i
ta
t
iv
e
stud
y
pr
ese
nting
vie
wpoints
of
go
ver
nm
ent
,
NG
Os
and
donors
in P
aki
stan,”
BMC H
eal
th
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erv
Re
s
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ue:
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M.
Hus
hie
,
“
Pu
bli
c
-
non
-
gov
ern
m
ent
al
orga
nis
at
ion
par
tne
rships
for
hea
lt
h
:
an
ex
plora
tor
y
stud
y
with
ca
se
studi
e
s
from
rec
en
t
Gha
nai
an
exp
eri
en
ce,”
BMC Publ
i
c Healt
h
,
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[32]
M.
Hus
hie
,
et
a
l.
,
“
State
-
c
ivi
l
s
oci
e
t
y
par
tn
erships
for
HIV
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tre
at
m
ent
an
d
pre
vention
in
Ghana
:
exp
lori
n
g
fac
tors
associate
d
with
suc
ce
ss
es
and challe
ng
es,
”
BMC
Heal
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erv
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E.
T
eppor
n
and
E.
Pike
,
“
HIV
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A
SO
and
CBO
stabi
li
t
y
&
sus
ta
ina
bi
li
t
y
assess
m
ent
rep
ort,
”
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ci
t
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f
or
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Proje
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M.
Fis
che
r,
“
Fit
for
the
future?
A
new
appr
o
ac
h
in
the
d
ebate
about
what
m
ake
s
hea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
y
stems
real
l
y
sus
ta
ina
bl
e,
”
Sus
tai
nability
,
vo
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S
N
:
2252
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IJPHS
V
ol.
6
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4
,
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20
1
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J.
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et
al.
,
“
Im
pac
t
orie
nt
e
d
m
onit
oring:
A
new
m
et
hodolo
g
y
for
m
onit
or
in
g
and
ev
al
ua
ti
on
of
int
ern
at
i
onal
publi
c
health
res
ea
rch
proj
ec
ts
,
”
Re
s E
val
.
,
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31
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[36]
R.
Hec
h
t,
et
al
.
,
“
Financ
ing
of
H
IV/AID
S
progra
m
m
e
sca
le
-
up
in
low
-
inc
om
e
and
m
iddl
e
-
inc
om
e
count
ri
es,
2009
-
31,
”
El
se
vi
er
Ltd
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ss
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C.
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on
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d
Y.
M.
Viss
ing, “S
ustai
n
abi
lit
y
at
th
e
Edg
e
of
C
haos:
Its
Li
m
it
s
and
poss
ibi
li
t
ie
s
in
public
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al
th
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”
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omed Researc
h
Inte
rnat
ional
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[38]
A.
La
sr
y
,
et
al
.
,
“
Alloc
at
ing
fund
s
for
HIV
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DS
:
a
desc
ript
iv
e
stu
d
y
of
Kw
aDukuz
a
,
South
Afric
a,”
Healt
h
Polic
y
and
Pl
ann
ing
,
v
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–
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[39]
S.
Resch,
et
a
l.
,
“
Funding
AID
S
progra
m
m
es
in
the
er
a
of
shar
ed
responsibil
ity
:
A
n
ana
l
y
sis
of
do
m
esti
c
spending
in
12
low
-
inc
om
e
and
m
iddl
e
-
incom
e
count
ri
es,
”
Lancet
Glob
He
al
.
,
vol/is
sue:
3(
1)
,
pp
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52
–
61
,
2
015
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[40]
W.
Patc
har
ana
ru
m
ol,
et
al
.
,
“
Th
ai
l
and’
s
HIV
/AIDS
progra
m
aft
er
wea
ning
-
off
t
he
global
fund’s
support,
”
BMC
Publ
ic Health
,
v
ol/
issue:
1
3(1)
,
p
p.
1
,
2013
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[41]
S.
Youngkong,
et
al.
,
“
Crit
eria
for
priori
t
y
se
t
ti
ng
of
HIV
/AIDS
int
erv
ent
ion
s
in
Tha
il
and
:
a
discre
t
e
choic
e
expe
riment
,
”
B
MC
H
eal
th
Serv
i
ce
Re
search
,
vo
l
.
10
,
pp
.
197
,
20
10
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[42]
W
.
M.
Parke
r,
et
al
.
,
“
Exp
eri
e
nce
s
in
conduc
t
ing
par
t
ic
ip
at
or
y
comm
unic
at
io
n
rese
ar
ch
for
HIV
pre
vent
io
n
globa
lly
:
tra
nsla
t
ing
cr
it
i
ca
l
di
al
o
g
int
o
a
ct
ion
thr
ough
action
m
edi
a,”
Fronti
ers i
n
Publ
ic Health
,
pp
.
1
–
10
,
2016
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[43]
H.
Sw
eri
ss
en
an
d
B.
R.
Crisp,
“
The
sus
ta
in
abi
l
ity
of
h
ealth
pro
m
oti
on
int
erv
entions
for
diffe
r
en
t
le
v
el
s
of
soc
ial
orga
nizati
on
,
”
Healt
h
Promot
Int
.
,
vol/
issue
:
19(1
)
,
pp
.
123
–
30
,
2
004
.
[44]
K.
E.
Kun,
et
al.
,
“
Int
erv
ie
wi
ng
ke
y
informa
nts:
strategic
p
l
anni
ng
for
a
g
l
obal
public
he
a
lt
h
m
ana
gement
progra
m
,
”
The
Qualit
at
iv
e
R
eport
,
vol
/i
ss
ue:
18(9)
,
pp
.
1
–
17
,
2013
.
[45]
J.
O.
Parkhurst
a
nd
L.
Lush,
“
The
poli
tical
env
ir
onm
ent
of
HIV
:
le
ss
ons
from
a
compari
son
of
U
gand
a
and
South
Afric
a,”
So
ci
al
S
ci
en
ce
&
Me
dic
i
ne
,
vo
l.
59
,
pp.
1
913
–
24
,
2004
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[46]
P.
M.
Ginte
r
,
et
al.
,
“
Stra
te
gi
c
pla
nning
for
pu
bli
c
h
ea
l
th
pra
ctice
using
m
ac
ro
envi
ronm
ent
a
l
a
naly
s
is,”
Publi
c
Healt
h
Re
ports
,
vol.
106
,
pp
.
134
-
141
,
1991
.
[47]
F.
D.
P.
R.
Pere
r
a
and
P.
Man
er,
“
Strat
egi
c
pl
anning
in
h
ea
l
thcare
orga
nizati
ons,
”
El
sivier
Espana
,
vol/
issue:
65(8)
,
pp.
749
–
54
,
201
2
.
[48]
A.
L
essik
and
V.
Miche
n
er,
“
Mea
suring
insti
tu
ti
on
al
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
t
ips
m
onit
oring
and
eva
lu
at
ion
,
”
USAID
,
2011
.
BI
OGRAP
HI
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Perigri
nus
Sebong
is
a
n
inde
pende
nt
consult
an
t
at
Public
Hea
lth
Division
in
C
ent
er
of
Hea
l
th
Policy
and
Man
a
gement,
Facu
lty
of
Medic
in
e
Uni
ver
sita
s Gadj
ah M
ada
.
He ear
n
e
d
his
Master
of
Public
Hea
lt
h
f
r
om
Facul
t
y
of
Medic
in
e,
Univ
e
rsita
s
Gadj
ah
Mada
in
2017
.
His
m
ai
n
intere
st
is
in
Hea
lt
h
Poli
c
y
and
Mana
g
ement
espe
c
ia
l
l
y
i
n
progra
m
sus
ta
ina
bilit
y
and
gl
obal
health
.
He
serve
d
as
the
co
-
inve
stiga
tor,
and
te
am
m
ember
o
f
consult
a
nc
y
in
form
ula
ti
ng
sev
e
ral
do
cuments
such
as
Provinc
ia
l
H
ea
l
th
S
y
s
tem
Strengt
heni
n
g
in
Ri
au
,
and
Perform
anc
e
M
ana
gement
and
Le
ad
ership
.
Dw
i
Handono
S
uli
st
y
o
is
a
consult
ant
at
Public
Hea
lt
h
Division
in
Cent
er
of
He
al
th
Policy
and
Mana
gement,
F
ac
ul
t
y
of
Med
icine
Univer
sit
as
Gadja
h
Mada
.
His
m
ai
n
int
eres
t
is
in
Hea
lt
h
W
orke
r
Policy
and
Mana
g
ement
espe
c
iall
y
in
cont
ra
cting
-
out
poli
c
y
and
m
a
nage
m
ent
.
He
serve
d
as
the
pri
nci
pa
l
inve
stig
ator,
co
-
inve
st
igat
or,
and
team
m
e
m
ber
of
seve
ral
consult
an
c
y
in
form
ula
ti
ng
sev
era
l
do
cuments
such
as
Dis
tri
c
t
Hea
lt
h
S
y
stem,
Hea
lt
h
Se
ct
or
M
aste
r
Plan
,
and
Strat
egic
Pl
an,
a
nd
othe
r
p
roject
in
m
an
y
district
and
NG
O
in
Ind
onesia
.
He
e
arn
e
d
his
Doctor
in
Contra
c
ti
ng
out
Policy
and
M
an
age
m
ent
from
Facult
y
of
Medi
cine,
Univ
ersit
as
Gadja
h
Mad
a
in
2013,
MD
Degre
e
from
Univer
sita
s
Padja
dj
aran
in
1987,
and
Master
of
Publi
c
Hea
lt
h
from
Univer
sita
s
Gad
ja
h
Mada
in
2
000.
After
gr
ad
uat
ing
MD
fro
m
Univer
sita
s
Padja
dj
ara
n,
he
worked
at
Publi
c
Hea
l
th
Service
in
th
e
rura
l
a
rea
of
Northe
rn
of
Bengkul
u
Province
(1988
-
1991).
In
1991
he
was
appoi
nte
d
to
be
th
e
Hea
d
of
Bape
lk
es
(Hea
lt
h
Tr
aining
Cent
er)
in
Bengkul
u.
In
19
99
-
2006,
he
was
appoi
nte
d
to
be
the
Hea
d
of
Bap
el
kes
(Hea
l
th
Tr
ai
ning
Center)
in
Yog
y
aka
r
ta.
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IJPHS
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S
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52
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8806
Su
st
aina
bili
ty
Capacit
y o
f
HIV/
AIDS
P
rogr
ammes i
n
Y
ogy
akart
a, I
ndone
sia (Peri
gr
i
nu
s
S
e
bong)
323
Dr.
Yodi
Mahe
ndra
dhata
is
cur
re
ntly
the
Vic
e
De
an
for
Resea
rch
and
Deve
lopme
nt,
Facult
y
o
f
Medic
in
e,
Univ
ersit
as
Gadj
ah
Mada
,
Indon
esi
a.
He
is
a
m
ed
ic
a
l
doct
or
b
y
t
rai
ning
and
he
obta
in
ed
a
Mast
er
degr
ee
in
In
ternat
ion
al
He
al
th
from
the
Insti
tute
of
Tropica
l
Me
dic
in
e,
Ch
arite
Medic
a
l
Facult
y,
Hum
boldt
Univer
sit
y
,
B
erl
in
,
Germ
an
y
.
Dr
Mahe
ndra
dha
ta
complet
ed
h
is
Doctor
ate
in
Me
dic
a
l
Scie
n
ce
at
t
he
Instit
ut
e
of
Tr
opic
a
l
Medicine
,
Antwerp,
Bel
g
i
um
and
Ghent
Univer
sit
y
,
Bel
g
ium.
He
is
al
so
cur
ren
t
l
y
l
ea
d
in
g
the
South
E
ast
As
ia
Reg
iona
l
Tra
in
ing
Cen
te
r
for
Hea
l
th
Rese
a
rch
suppor
te
d
b
y
W
HO
-
TDR.
He
has
le
d
dev
el
op
m
ent
s
of
nat
ion
a
l
strateg
y
for
implementa
t
ion
rese
arc
h
,
n
at
ion
a
l
strateg
y
for
Tu
ber
cul
osis
Contr
ol
and
count
r
y
p
roposals
to
th
e
Global
fund
to
Fight
AID
S,
TB
and
Mala
ria.
His
rese
arc
h
inter
ests
are
in
the
f
ie
lds
of
globa
l
hea
l
th,
d
isea
se
c
ontrol
,
h
ealth
po
li
c
y
,
he
al
th
prog
ram
m
ana
gement,
and
implemen
ta
ti
on
scie
n
ce.
Dr
Mahe
ndra
dhat
a
was
an
Alex
ande
r
von
Humboldt
Foundati
o
n
visit
ing
scholar
at
the
Instit
u
te
of
Public
Hea
lt
h
,
Heide
lb
erg
Univer
sit
y
,
Germ
a
n
y
bet
w
ee
n
y
e
ar
s
2013
-
2
014.
H
e
has
aut
hore
d
and
co
-
aut
hor
ed
num
ero
us
art
ic
l
es
in
high
-
impact
journa
ls.
He
was
awa
rde
d
the
Scopus
Youn
g
Scie
nti
st
Aw
ard
in
2012.
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