I
nte
rna
t
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l J
o
urna
l o
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P
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bli
c
H
ea
lt
h Science
(
I
J
P
H
S)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
2
5
7
~
2
6
6
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8806
257
J
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ce
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x
p
o
s
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Go
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m
i
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Me
r
cu
r
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h
t
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2
0
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In
stit
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te o
f
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d
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a
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.
Al
l
rig
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ts
re
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d
.
C
o
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r
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s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
So
f
ia
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Me
d
ici
n
e
,
S
y
ia
h
K
u
ala
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
.
E
m
a
il:
s
o
f
ia
@
u
n
s
y
ia
h
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
m
er
cu
r
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
e
w
o
r
ld
.
On
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ca
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s
e
o
f
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tia
l
elev
atio
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s
in
h
u
m
a
n
m
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cu
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ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
a
y
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
wo
r
k
in
g
en
v
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o
n
m
en
t
s
s
u
c
h
as
ch
lo
r
-
al
k
ali
p
lan
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s
,
m
i
n
in
g
,
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
o
f
g
o
ld
ex
tr
ac
ted
m
er
c
u
r
y
,
t
h
er
m
o
m
e
ter
f
ac
to
r
ies,
a
n
d
r
ef
i
n
er
ies.
T
h
e
Min
a
m
ata
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
o
n
Me
r
c
u
r
y
i
n
2
0
1
3
m
ad
e
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
s
to
p
r
o
tect
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lth
an
d
t
h
e
en
v
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n
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
an
th
r
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p
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g
e
n
ic
e
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
elea
s
es
o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
an
d
m
er
cu
r
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co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
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o
tect
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
,
th
e
co
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v
e
n
tio
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s
tr
ess
ed
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
er
c
u
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an
d
p
r
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v
en
tio
n
o
f
Mi
n
a
m
ata
Dis
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
th
at
m
a
y
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
er
cu
r
y
p
o
llu
tio
n
.
A
c
u
te
to
x
icit
y
o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
v
a
p
o
r
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
a
s
e
v
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e
lu
n
g
d
a
m
a
g
es
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
d
ea
th
f
r
o
m
h
y
p
o
x
ia.
T
h
e
v
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m
w
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ll
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x
p
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g
i
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g
g
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v
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tr
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m
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(
m
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lab
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d
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,
in
s
o
m
n
ia,
an
d
s
h
y
n
e
s
s
)
[
1
]
.
C
h
r
o
n
ic
to
x
ici
t
y
af
ter
m
er
c
u
r
y
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
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s
h
o
ws
s
e
v
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al
s
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g
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s
a
n
d
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
i.e
.
,
g
en
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al
f
atig
u
e,
w
e
ig
h
t
lo
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s
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p
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ip
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ar
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n
ep
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c
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s
h
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p
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tatio
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an
d
p
s
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c
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iatr
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ab
n
o
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m
alitie
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.
C
h
r
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ex
p
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s
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r
e
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
v
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in
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alat
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,
in
g
esti
o
n
,
an
d
p
ar
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ter
al
o
r
s
u
b
cu
tan
eo
u
s
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
[
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
J
P
HS
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
2
5
7
–
2
6
6
258
Me
th
y
l
m
er
cu
r
y
is
a
p
o
ten
t
n
e
u
r
o
to
x
in
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ca
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ca
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s
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t
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c
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2
0
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[
3
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.
T
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n
ac
c
u
m
u
late
s
m
er
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r
y
w
a
s
te.
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n
ce
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co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
n
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th
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r
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p
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g
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l
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d
ca
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s
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h
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ic
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o
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y
in
to
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tio
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a
n
i
n
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iv
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u
a
l
lev
el.
T
h
e
m
o
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t
d
e
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astat
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g
tr
a
g
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r
elate
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m
en
ted
i
n
Mi
n
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m
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Niig
ata,
J
ap
an
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1
9
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an
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r
aq
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th
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w
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ich
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lted
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n
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ed
s
o
f
v
icti
m
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g
t
h
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ar
ea
s
[
2
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
ab
o
v
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p
r
o
b
lem
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s
t
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ies
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tal
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ed
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r
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t
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m
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h
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s
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ic
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ate
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ch
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o
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u
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n
ea
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m
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ll
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g
ac
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ites
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n
Kr
u
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Sab
ee
,
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
in
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e
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Study
a
re
a
a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
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it
es
Kr
u
en
g
Sab
ee
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d
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ict
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s
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ted
in
t
h
e
w
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ter
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ar
t
o
f
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
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ce
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
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ia.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
s
tu
d
y
ar
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an
d
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
s
ite
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stu
d
y
A
r
ea
a
n
d
s
a
m
p
lin
g
s
ites
Geo
g
r
ap
h
icall
y
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t
h
e
d
is
tr
ict
is
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ef
in
ed
b
y
lati
tu
d
e
4
˚
36
’
32
”
N
an
d
lo
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itu
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e
9
5
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40
’
36
”
W
.
Kr
u
en
g
Sab
ee
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
g
o
ld
m
in
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n
g
s
u
b
-
d
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s
tr
ict
i
n
A
ce
h
,
w
h
ich
h
ad
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7
v
illa
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es
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n
d
1
4
,
8
1
7
in
h
ab
itan
ts
in
2
0
1
1
[
4
]
.
Sam
p
li
n
g
s
ites
w
e
r
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
th
e
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
g
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ld
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
la
n
t
s
a
t
ea
ch
s
ite.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple
co
llect
io
n
Seaf
o
o
d
s
a
m
p
les
(
f
is
h
,
s
h
r
i
m
p
,
an
d
m
o
llu
s
cs)
w
er
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ased
u
p
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
co
llectio
n
:
f
is
h
i
n
g
b
y
f
i
s
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er
m
an
,
an
d
b
u
y
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
ar
k
et
n
ea
r
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
ar
e
a.
T
h
r
ee
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
f
is
h
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d
o
n
e
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
s
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i
m
p
w
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llected
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y
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ca
l
f
is
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en
at
s
e
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al
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o
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ts
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n
g
Kr
u
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ee
r
iv
er
,
in
cl
u
d
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g
P
an
g
g
o
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Sa
w
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n
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ater
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ed
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Kr
u
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g
Sab
ee
,
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d
R
a
n
to
P
an
y
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n
g
.
Fi
s
h
s
p
esies
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s
ed
f
o
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y
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O
s
teo
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p
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P
u
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la
tr
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ig
a
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mp
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la
ma
kro
lep
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p
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p
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as
P
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eu
s
mo
n
o
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Sa
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p
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co
llected
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t
in
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lyme
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R
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(
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259
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
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n
h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
,
h
a
i
r
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
tak
e
n
f
r
o
m
7
2
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
v
illa
g
es.
1
7
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
er
e
s
a
m
p
led
in
P
an
g
g
o
n
g
,
1
7
in
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
C
u
r
ek
,
2
6
in
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
P
ay
a
Seu
m
an
to
k
,
an
d
12
in
d
i
v
id
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al
s
in
P
an
to
n
Ma
k
m
u
r
.
A
ll
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
ad
th
e
ir
v
ital
s
i
g
n
s
e
x
a
m
in
ed
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
co
n
s
en
t
an
d
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
es
wer
e
also
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
p
r
io
r
to
th
e
id
en
tif
i
ca
tio
n
o
f
ac
u
te
an
d
ch
r
o
n
ic
to
x
ici
t
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
C
li
n
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
n
ac
u
te
an
d
ch
r
o
n
ic
to
x
ici
t
y
w
er
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
v
ie
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
A
c
u
te
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
n
o
ted
in
cl
u
d
ed
:
f
a
ti
g
u
e,
h
ea
d
ac
h
e,
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
ap
h
t
h
o
u
s
u
lcer
s
,
s
w
o
lle
n
g
u
m
s
,
d
ar
k
g
u
m
s
,
lo
o
s
e
teet
h
th
at
ea
s
il
y
f
al
l
o
u
t,
s
w
elli
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
ali
v
ar
y
g
la
n
d
s
,
lo
s
s
o
f
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
m
ell,
c
h
est
tig
h
tn
e
s
s
,
c
h
es
t
p
ain
,
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
y
i
n
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
,
co
u
g
h
,
m
o
u
t
h
n
u
m
b
n
e
s
s
,
n
au
s
ea
,
v
o
m
iti
n
g
,
ab
d
o
m
in
al
p
ain
,
d
iar
r
h
ea
,
tu
r
b
id
u
r
in
e,
b
lo
o
d
y
u
r
in
e,
p
elv
ic
p
ai
n
,
an
d
p
ain
d
u
r
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g
u
r
i
n
atio
n
.
C
h
r
o
n
ic
to
x
ic
it
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
n
o
ted
in
cl
u
d
ed
:
s
o
m
ato
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
s
,
h
ea
d
ac
h
e,
h
ea
r
in
g
i
m
p
air
m
e
n
t,
tr
e
m
o
r
s
,
m
u
s
cle
cr
am
p
s
,
er
y
t
h
e
m
a,
w
ei
g
h
t
lo
s
s
,
an
o
r
ex
ia,
ir
r
itab
ilit
y
,
r
estl
e
s
s
n
es
s
,
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
,
in
s
o
m
n
ia,
an
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
lo
s
s
.
Fo
r
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
h
ea
lt
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
2
9
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
w
er
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
a
n
d
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
P
er
s
o
n
al
P
r
o
tectiv
e
E
q
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
(
P
P
E
)
w
h
ile
w
o
r
k
in
g
w
ith
m
er
c
u
r
y
i
n
th
eir
w
o
r
k
p
lace
s
.
2
.
3
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
pro
ce
d
ure
a
nd
m
e
rc
ury
a
na
ly
s
is
Fis
h
,
s
h
r
i
m
p
,
an
d
m
o
llu
s
c
s
p
ec
ies
th
at
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ea
te
n
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
p
o
p
u
latio
n
w
er
e
ca
u
g
h
t
an
d
b
o
u
g
h
t
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
Kr
u
en
g
Sab
ee
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
Up
o
n
p
u
r
ch
ase,
t
h
e
f
i
s
h
,
s
h
r
i
m
p
,
an
d
m
o
ll
u
s
c
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
er
e
p
u
t
in
s
ea
led
p
last
ic
b
ag
s
.
Sa
m
p
li
n
g
a
n
d
s
a
m
p
le
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
f
o
llo
w
ed
E
P
A
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les
w
er
e
d
is
s
ec
ted
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
ed
in
s
ea
led
co
n
tai
n
er
s
to
t
h
e
An
al
y
s
i
s
Ser
v
ice
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
U
n
it,
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
C
h
e
m
i
s
tr
y
,
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
Scien
c
e
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
U
SM)
i
n
P
en
a
n
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
C
lean
i
n
g
a
n
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
th
e
g
la
s
s
w
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
th
e
A
P
H
A
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
t
is
s
u
es
w
er
e
d
ig
ested
u
s
i
n
g
a
MA
R
S5
Mic
r
o
w
av
e
d
ig
ester
w
i
th
te
f
lo
n
-
clo
s
ed
v
e
s
s
els.
A
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
l
y
0
.
5
g
o
f
f
is
h
,
s
h
r
i
m
p
,
a
n
d
m
o
ll
u
s
c
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
w
ei
g
h
ed
ex
ac
tl
y
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
ed
i
n
to
th
e
tef
lo
n
v
e
s
s
el
s
.
A
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
1
0
m
l
o
f
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n
ce
n
tr
ated
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3
w
a
s
ad
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ed
.
Af
ter
d
ig
esti
o
n
,
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
er
e
d
ilu
te
d
w
ith
u
p
to
2
5
m
L
o
f
io
n
ized
w
ater
in
v
o
l
u
m
etr
ic
f
la
s
k
s
.
T
h
e
m
er
c
u
r
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te
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t
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l
m
er
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ic
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r
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tio
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Sp
ec
tr
o
m
e
ter
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ith
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lo
w
in
j
ec
tio
n
m
er
c
u
r
y
/
h
y
d
r
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an
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
C
alib
r
atio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
m
er
cu
r
y
w
er
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
in
th
e
r
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g
e
o
f
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0
µg
/
L
,
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0
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/L
,
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L
.
Du
p
licate
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
s
w
er
e
m
ad
e
o
n
al
l f
is
h
,
s
h
r
i
m
p
,
a
n
d
m
o
llu
s
c
s
a
m
p
les.
Hair
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
p
u
t
in
to
s
o
m
e
s
ep
ar
ate
a
u
to
s
ea
lab
le
p
la
s
tic
b
ag
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
a
g
e,
s
e
x
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
,
an
d
r
esid
en
ce
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
as
i
n
d
icate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e.
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s
tr
an
d
s
w
er
e
ta
k
en
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
cc
ip
ital
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eg
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ca
lp
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s
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g
s
u
r
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ical
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g
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ad
e
s
ciss
o
r
s
.
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ac
h
s
a
m
p
le
w
a
s
s
to
r
ed
in
a
n
a
u
to
s
ea
lab
le
p
last
ic
b
ag
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I
n
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
,
e
ac
h
h
air
s
a
m
p
le
w
as
w
as
h
ed
s
eq
u
e
n
tiall
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w
it
h
ac
eto
n
e,
d
eio
n
ized
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ater
,
an
d
ac
eto
n
e
ag
ai
n
,
u
s
in
g
t
h
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u
cc
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v
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o
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tio
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s
.
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ac
h
o
f
h
a
ir
s
a
m
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le
w
ei
g
h
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
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m
g
a
n
d
was
tr
an
s
f
er
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n
to
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p
ac
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FE
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ig
esti
o
n
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ial,
a
n
d
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m
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f
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
n
itric
ac
id
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as
p
ip
etted
in
to
th
e
v
ial.
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h
e
v
ia
l
w
a
s
lo
o
s
el
y
ca
p
p
ed
an
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
w
a
s
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t
to
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ig
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te
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o
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t
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i
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tes
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ce
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y
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o
a
m
in
g
th
at
m
ig
h
t
ap
p
ea
r
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ac
h
v
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w
a
s
th
e
n
tig
h
tl
y
s
cr
e
w
-
ca
p
p
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ig
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n
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0
0
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m
icr
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w
a
v
e
d
ig
e
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tio
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Af
ter
d
ig
esti
o
n
f
i
n
i
s
h
ed
,
s
a
m
p
les
w
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le
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t
to
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a
k
e
i
t
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l
at
r
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te
m
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atu
r
e.
Sa
m
p
les
w
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th
e
n
tr
a
n
s
f
er
ed
in
to
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0
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L
v
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lu
m
etr
ic
f
la
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k
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d
a
d
ilu
tio
n
m
ad
e
w
it
h
5
0
m
L
d
eio
n
ized
w
ater
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
er
cu
r
y
co
n
te
n
t
i
n
th
e
h
air
w
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m
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r
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n
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d
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a
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s
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Sp
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m
o
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C
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tr
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d
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An
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l
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tical
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o
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Ser
v
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C
AA
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Un
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o
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la
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P
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a
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g
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la
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ia.
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alit
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s
u
r
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ce
o
f
s
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m
p
l
es
w
as
d
eter
m
in
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y
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s
in
g
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ig
e
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tio
n
b
la
n
k
s
,
r
ep
licat
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s
a
m
p
le
s
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p
r
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esti
o
n
s
p
ik
e
s
,
an
d
p
o
s
t
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d
ig
esti
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n
s
p
ik
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s
.
Me
th
o
d
s
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
li
m
its
w
er
e
al
s
o
ca
r
r
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o
u
t.
2
.
4
.
Sta
t
is
t
ica
l
a
na
ly
s
is
Data
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
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r
m
a
lit
y
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n
d
eq
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alit
y
o
f
v
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ian
ce
w
as
as
s
ess
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u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
Ko
l
m
o
g
o
r
o
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m
ir
n
o
v
te
s
t
.
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e
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al
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s
i
s
o
f
v
ar
ia
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c
e
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A
N
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A
)
w
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ap
p
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m
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s
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s
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a
s
d
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ce
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s
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o
f
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io
ta
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d
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r
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n
ce
n
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in
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o
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t
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h
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m
er
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r
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an
d
th
e
W
HO
to
ler
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ce
li
m
it
o
f
1
0
µg
/
g
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Di
f
f
er
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s
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
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AL
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SI
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3
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1
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M
er
cury
co
ncent
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io
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in s
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d
Sa
m
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Kr
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Fig
u
r
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2
.
T
o
tal
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co
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ce
n
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o
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in
f
i
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Kr
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Fig
u
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o
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[
8
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.
T
h
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ma
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g
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e
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o
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Ost
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A
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ich
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h
e
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5
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1
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.
Me
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[
1
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[
2
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.
3
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2
.
M
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lev
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in hu
m
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Hair
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3
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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261
Fig
u
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3
.
Me
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co
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n
tr
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s
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th
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ab
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b
ed
[
1
2
]
.
A
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itie
s
r
elate
d
t
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p
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[
1
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ased
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t
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g
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[
1
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.
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h
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ip
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et
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n
h
air
Hg
a
n
d
s
e
x
(
p
<0
.
0
0
5
)
[
1
3
]
.
3
.
3
.
Clini
ca
l
s
y
m
pto
m
s
o
f
m
er
c
u
ry
in ha
ir
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
w
er
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
it
h
a
l
is
t
o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
a
s
s
o
c
iated
w
it
h
m
er
cu
r
y
i
n
to
x
icatio
n
.
A
c
u
te
an
d
ch
r
o
n
ic
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
w
er
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
b
y
i
n
ter
v
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i
n
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
th
e
Kr
u
e
n
g
Sa
b
ee
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict.
T
h
ese
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
w
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e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
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b
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tiv
el
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.
Descr
ip
tio
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te
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d
ch
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o
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ic
s
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er
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ass
e
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ed
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ased
o
n
v
ar
io
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s
s
t
u
d
ies
r
elate
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to
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er
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r
y
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s
i
m
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ac
t
o
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h
u
m
a
n
h
ea
lt
h
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
A
cu
te
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
w
er
e
h
i
g
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er
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er
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m
p
ar
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to
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o
n
-
g
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ld
m
i
n
er
s
.
P
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ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ac
u
te
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
i
n
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
Kr
u
e
n
g
S
ab
ee
s
u
b
-
d
i
s
tr
ict
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
J
P
HS
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
2
5
7
–
2
6
6
262
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ac
u
te
t
o
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
i
n
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
Kr
u
e
n
g
Sab
ee
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
i
ct,
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
o
v
er
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al
f
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
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e
n
ts
h
ad
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
d
h
ea
d
ac
h
e,
w
h
ic
h
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
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ad
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p
er
ien
ce
d
m
o
r
e
(
6
9
.
2
%)
t
h
an
n
o
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
(
6
0
.
9
%).
Go
ld
m
i
n
er
s
w
er
e
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
r
ep
o
r
t
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
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h
e
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o
llo
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in
g
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y
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to
m
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co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
o
n
-
g
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ld
m
i
n
er
s
:
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ati
g
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e
(
3
4
.
6
v
s
.
2
1
.
7
%),
p
elv
ic
p
ain
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d
p
ain
d
u
r
in
g
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r
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at
io
n
(
2
6
.
9
v
s
.
1
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.
9
%),
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lo
o
d
y
u
r
in
e
(
7
.
7
v
s
.
0
%),
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r
b
id
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r
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e
(
7
.
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v
s
.
0
%),
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o
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g
h
(
2
6
.
9
v
s
.
2
1
.
7
%),
f
r
eq
u
en
t
ap
h
th
o
u
s
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lcer
s
(
2
3
.
1
v
s
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1
9
.
6
%),
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w
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llen
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m
s
(
1
1
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s
.
1
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.
9
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iar
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ea
(
1
1
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s
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1
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.
9
%),
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o
u
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h
n
u
m
b
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s
s
(
7
.
7
v
s
.
2
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%),
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o
m
iti
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g
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1
5
.
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s
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5
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2
)
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3
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s
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d
d
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k
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m
s
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1
9
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v
s
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2
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2
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No
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
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ec
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s
s
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t
y
s
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au
s
e
t
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e
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a
d
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h
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ce
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to
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n
tact
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it
h
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r
y
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
d
u
r
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g
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eir
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ti
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itie
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ea
.
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h
is
f
ac
to
r
in
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ce
d
m
er
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r
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m
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n
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s
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ter
th
e
b
o
d
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ich
ca
n
f
u
r
t
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ca
u
s
e
ac
u
te
to
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icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
,
ex
p
o
s
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r
e
to
m
er
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r
y
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m
p
o
u
n
d
s
to
th
eir
b
o
d
y
m
a
y
h
ap
p
en
i
n
g
s
lo
w
l
y
d
u
e
to
m
er
c
u
r
y
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
h
ad
alr
ea
d
y
ex
is
t
in
t
h
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
air
,
w
ater
,
a
n
d
s
ea
f
o
o
d
)
.
C
h
e
m
ica
l
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
er
c
u
r
y
g
i
v
e
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
.
T
o
x
icit
y
o
f
in
o
r
g
an
ic
m
er
cu
r
y
to
ac
u
te
in
f
la
m
m
atio
n
w
ill
g
i
v
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
g
astro
en
ter
it
is
,
n
au
s
ea
,
v
o
m
iti
n
g
,
r
e
n
al
d
y
s
f
u
n
ct
io
n
,
ab
d
o
m
i
n
al
p
ain
,
s
h
o
r
t
n
es
s
o
f
b
r
ea
th
,
ch
e
s
t
p
ain
,
ch
est
ti
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
,
an
d
a
d
r
y
co
u
g
h
.
Me
r
cu
r
y
i
n
Hg
o
s
tate,
if
en
ter
s
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
,
w
i
ll
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ac
u
te
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
in
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
s
u
c
h
as
co
u
g
h
s
,
g
a
s
tr
o
in
te
s
ti
n
al
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
n
a
u
s
ea
,
v
o
m
iti
n
g
an
d
d
i
ar
r
h
ea
,
s
aliv
a
tio
n
,
w
ea
k
n
es
s
,
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
an
d
v
is
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
O
r
g
a
n
ic
m
er
cu
r
y
w
h
ic
h
ex
p
o
s
ed
in
a
h
ig
h
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
i
ll g
iv
e
a
co
m
p
la
in
t o
f
ac
u
te
g
a
s
tr
o
in
te
s
ti
n
al
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
an
d
au
tis
tic
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
s
[
17
].
Sev
er
e
d
a
m
ag
e
to
t
h
e
b
r
ain
,
k
id
n
e
y
s
,
an
d
lu
n
g
s
m
a
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
m
er
c
u
r
y
,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
le
n
g
t
h
an
d
in
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
[
1
]
.
A
cu
te
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
m
er
c
u
r
y
v
ap
o
r
m
a
y
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
e
ce
n
tr
al
n
er
v
o
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
ac
ts
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
a
s
m
a
ll
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
u
n
o
x
id
ized
Hg
o
th
a
t
m
a
y
cr
o
s
s
t
h
e
b
lo
o
d
-
b
r
ain
b
ar
r
ier
[
2
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
t
h
at
m
a
y
o
cc
u
r
w
i
t
h
in
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
i
n
h
a
latio
n
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
in
c
lu
d
e
a
m
eta
llic
ta
s
te
i
n
th
e
m
o
u
th
,
f
e
v
er
,
ch
ill
s
,
d
y
s
p
n
ea
,
n
a
u
s
ea
,
v
o
m
it
in
g
,
d
iar
r
h
ea
,
a
n
d
co
u
g
h
alo
n
g
w
it
h
ch
e
s
t
ti
g
h
tn
e
s
s
.
Fo
r
ch
r
o
n
ic
to
x
icit
y
,
m
er
cu
r
y
h
ad
ca
u
s
ed
s
ev
er
al
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
f
o
r
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
P
HS
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8806
A
cu
te
a
n
d
C
h
r
o
n
ic
To
xo
city
o
f
Mer
cu
r
y
E
xp
o
s
u
r
e
in
S
ea
fo
o
d
a
n
d
Hu
m
a
n
P
o
p
u
la
tio
n
N
ea
r
a
.
.
.
.
(
S
o
fia
)
263
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
P
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ch
r
o
n
i
c
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
in
Kr
u
en
g
Sab
ee
s
u
b
-
d
i
s
tr
ict,
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
c
h
r
o
n
ic
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
f
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
in
Kr
u
e
n
g
S
ab
ee
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict,
A
ce
h
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
w
er
e
h
i
g
h
er
f
o
r
n
o
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
t
h
a
n
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
.
O
v
er
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
a
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
r
ep
o
r
ted
ex
p
er
ien
ci
n
g
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
(
3
8
.
5
v
s
.
4
1
.
3
%)
an
d
m
u
s
cle
cr
a
m
p
s
(
2
6
.
9
v
s
.
4
3
.
5
%),
w
h
ile
in
s
o
m
n
ia
(
1
5
.
4
v
s
.
1
7
.
4
%),
d
ep
r
ess
io
n
(
3
.
8
v
s
.
1
5
.
2
%),
an
o
r
ex
ia
(
1
1
.
5
v
s
.
1
5
.
2
%),
w
ei
g
h
t
lo
s
s
(
3
.
8
v
s
.
1
0
.
9
%),
tr
em
o
r
s
(
7
.
7
v
s
.
1
0
.
9
%),
an
d
s
o
m
ato
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
(
0
v
s
.
4
.
3
%)
w
er
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
l
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
o
r
ch
r
o
n
ic
to
x
icit
y
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
w
h
ic
h
w
er
e
h
i
g
h
er
i
n
g
o
ld
m
in
er
s
t
h
an
n
o
n
-
g
o
ld
m
i
n
er
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
m
e
m
o
r
y
lo
s
s
(
1
1
.
5
v
s
.
8
.
7
%),
r
estl
es
s
n
e
s
s
(
1
5
.
5
v
s
.
1
5
.
2
%),
an
d
ir
r
itab
ilit
y
(
1
5
.
4
v
s
.
1
3
%).
S
h
o
r
tl
y
af
ter
en
ter
i
n
g
th
e
b
o
d
y
,
m
er
cu
r
y
q
u
ick
l
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
tig
h
tl
y
b
o
u
n
d
i
n
th
e
b
r
ain
,
s
p
i
n
al
co
r
d
,
g
an
g
lia,
a
u
to
n
o
m
ic
g
an
g
lia,
a
n
d
p
er
ip
h
er
als
m
o
to
r
n
eu
r
o
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
r
an
s
ien
t
a
n
d
r
esid
u
al
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
m
er
c
u
r
y
h
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
c
a
u
s
e
to
m
a
k
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
in
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
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m
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ce
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WL
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r
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n
d
en
ts
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d
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lleag
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s
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n
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ield
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o
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n
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tica
l T
o
x
ico
lo
g
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Ser
v
ice
s
(
C
AA
T
S),
at
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
Scien
ce
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ia
i
n
P
en
a
n
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
w
h
o
a
s
s
i
s
ted
with
t
h
e
h
a
ir
s
a
m
p
le
an
al
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s
is
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
t
h
an
k
th
e
Go
v
e
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
A
ce
h
a
n
d
HP
E
Q
P
r
o
ject
o
f
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y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
i
v
er
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it
y
,
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n
d
o
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ia
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
f
i
n
an
c
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
W
.
Clark
so
n
,
“
T
h
e
th
re
e
m
o
d
e
rn
f
a
c
e
s o
f
m
e
rc
u
r
y
,
”
En
v
iro
n
He
a
lt
h
Per
sp
e
c
t
,
v
o
l.
1
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
2
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
]
J.
C.
Cli
f
to
n
,
“
M
e
rc
u
ry
Ex
p
o
su
re
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
ic He
a
lt
h
,
”
Ped
i
a
tr
Cli
n
N
Am
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
-
2
6
9
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
S
u
h
e
n
d
ra
y
a
tn
a
,
A
.
Oh
k
i,
A
.
C.
G
u
lt
o
m
,
“
M
e
rc
u
r
y
Lev
e
ls
a
n
d
Distrib
u
t
io
n
in
Org
a
n
s
o
f
W
a
ter
Org
a
n
is
m
s
f
ro
m
Kru
e
n
g
S
a
b
e
Riv
e
r,
Ac
e
h
Ja
y
a
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
6
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
&
E
x
p
o
o
n
S
u
ma
tra
T
su
n
a
m
i
Disa
ste
r
&
Dis
c
o
v
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ry
in
c
o
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c
ti
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wi
th
4
th
S
o
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t
h
C
h
in
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S
e
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T
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n
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rk
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o
p
,
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4
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p
p
.
2
9
1
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2
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4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
BP
S
,
“
A
c
e
h
Ja
y
a
in
Nu
m
b
e
r
,
”
A
c
e
h
Ja
y
a
,
P
ro
v
i
n
c
e
o
f
A
c
e
h
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
EP
A
(En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
P
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
),
“
G
u
id
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
As
se
ss
i
n
g
Ch
e
m
ica
l
Co
n
ta
m
in
a
t
Da
ta
fo
r
Us
e
in
F
ish
A
d
v
iso
ries
:
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ish
S
a
m
p
li
n
g
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
sis
,
”
v
o
l.
1
,
1
9
9
9
.
[6
]
A
P
HA
(
Am
e
rica
n
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
),
”
S
ta
n
d
a
rd
M
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
Ex
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
W
a
ter
a
n
d
W
a
ste
w
a
ter
,”
18
th
e
d
.
A
m
e
rica
n
W
a
t
e
r
W
o
rk
s
A
s
so
c
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a
n
d
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a
ter E
n
v
iro
n
m
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t
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e
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
W
a
sh
in
g
to
n
DC,
1
9
9
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
P
HS
I
SS
N:
2252
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265
[7
]
I.
B.
A
.
Ra
z
a
g
u
i,
S
.
J.
Ha
sw
e
ll
,
“
T
h
e
De
ter
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
e
rc
u
ry
a
n
d
S
e
len
i
u
m
in
M
a
tern
a
l
a
n
d
Ne
o
n
a
tal
S
c
a
lp
Ha
ir
b
y
In
d
u
c
ti
v
e
ly
Co
u
p
led
P
las
m
a
-
M
a
ss
S
p
e
c
tro
m
e
tr
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
An
a
lytic
a
l
T
o
x
ico
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
1
9
9
7
.
[8
]
M
A
F
F
,
“
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
n
d
su
rv
e
il
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n
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e
o
f
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ra
d
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o
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c
ti
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tam
i
n
a
n
ts
i
n
th
e
a
q
u
a
ti
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e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
re
g
u
latin
g
th
e
d
isp
o
sa
l
o
f
w
a
ste
s
a
t
se
a
,”
i
n
:
A
q
u
a
ti
c
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
M
o
n
it
o
r
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g
Re
p
o
rt
No
.
3
2
.
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
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v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
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is
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e
ries
a
n
d
A
q
u
a
c
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lt
u
re
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c
ien
c
e
,
L
o
w
e
sto
f
t,
UK
.
,
2
0
0
0
.
[9
]
J.
R
.
In
z
u
n
z
a
,
S
.
B.
G
.
Ro
sa
les
,
F.
P
.
Os
u
n
a
,
“
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
o
f
m
e
rc
u
r
y
in
a
d
u
lt
p
e
n
a
e
id
sh
rimp
s
f
ro
m
A
lt
a
ta
-
En
se
n
a
d
a
d
e
l
P
a
b
e
ll
o
n
lag
o
o
n
(S
E
G
u
lf
o
f
C
a
li
f
o
rn
ia)
,
”
Ch
e
mo
sp
h
e
re
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
7
-
1
6
6
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
0
]
W
HO
(
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
),
“
El
e
m
e
n
tal
M
e
rc
u
r
y
a
n
d
In
o
rg
a
n
ic
M
e
rc
u
ry
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
s:
Hu
m
a
n
He
a
lt
h
A
sp
e
c
ts
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Pr
o
g
ra
m
me
o
n
C
h
e
mic
a
l
S
a
fety
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
1
]
C.
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
N.
S
e
rre
ll
,
D
.
C.
Ev
e
rs,
B.
J.
F
leish
m
a
n
,
K.
F
.
L
a
m
b
e
rt,
J.
W
e
iss,
R.
P
.
M
a
so
n
,
M
.
S
.
B
a
n
k
,
“
M
e
e
ti
n
g
re
p
o
rt:
M
e
th
y
lme
rc
u
r
y
in
m
a
rin
e
e
c
o
s
y
ste
m
s
-
F
ro
m
so
u
rc
e
s
to
se
a
f
o
o
d
c
o
n
su
m
e
rs
,
”
En
v
iro
n
He
a
lt
h
Per
sp
e
c
t
,
v
o
l.
1
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
6
-
1
7
1
2
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
E.
E.
Ya
rd
,
J.
Ho
r
to
n
,
J
.
G
.
S
c
h
ier,
K.
Ca
ld
,
C.
S
a
n
c
h
e
z
,
L.
L
e
w
is,
C.
G
a
sta
n
a
g
a
,
“
M
e
rc
u
r
y
e
x
p
o
su
re
a
m
o
n
g
a
rti
sa
n
a
l
g
o
ld
m
in
e
rs i
n
M
a
d
re
d
e
Dio
s,
P
e
r
u
:
A
c
ro
ss
-
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
stu
d
y
,
”
J
.
M
e
d
.
T
o
x
ico
l
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
-
4
4
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
E. E.
K
.
A
n
sa
h
,
N.
Ba
su
,
J.
O.
Nr
iag
u
,
“
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ex
p
o
su
re
s to
M
e
rc
u
ry
Am
o
n
g
In
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
P
e
o
p
le
i
n
D
u
n
k
w
a
-
On
-
O
ff
in
,
a
S
m
a
ll
S
c
a
le
G
o
ld
M
in
i
n
g
A
re
a
in
T
h
e
S
o
u
t
h
-
W
e
st
o
f
G
h
a
n
a
,
”
Bu
ll
En
v
iro
n
Co
n
t
a
m
T
o
x
ico
l
,
v
o
l.
8
5
,
p
p
.
4
7
6
-
4
8
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
K.
M
.
Rice
,
E
.
M
.
W
a
lk
e
r
Jr,
M
.
W
u
,
C.
G
il
lette,
E.
R.
Blo
u
g
h
,
“
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
M
e
rc
u
ry
A
n
d
Its
T
o
x
ic
Eff
e
c
ts
,
”
J
Pre
v
M
e
d
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
p
p
.
7
4
-
8
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
C.
T
o
m
icic
,
V
e
rn
e
z
D.,
T
.
Be
lem
,
M.
Be
ro
d
e
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
m
e
r
c
u
r
y
e
x
p
o
su
re
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
sm
a
ll
-
sc
a
le
g
o
ld
m
in
in
g
in
Bu
rk
i
n
a
F
a
so
,
”
I
n
t
Arc
h
Oc
c
u
p
En
v
iro
n
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
4
,
p
p
.
5
3
9
-
5
4
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
6
]
UN
EP
(U
n
it
e
d
Na
ti
o
n
s
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
P
r
o
g
ra
m
)
a
n
d
W
HO
(
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
)
,
“
G
u
id
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
id
e
n
ti
fy
in
g
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
s at r
isk
f
ro
m
m
e
rc
u
r
y
e
x
p
o
su
re
s
,
”
IOMC,
G
e
n
e
v
a
,
S
w
it
z
e
rlan
d
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
0
8
.
[1
7
]
M.
R
.
Ra
h
im
z
a
d
e
h
,
S
.
Ka
z
e
m
i,
A
.
A
.
M
o
g
h
a
d
a
m
n
ia,
“
Cu
rre
n
t
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
o
f
th
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
e
rc
u
ry
P
o
iso
n
in
g
:
Ne
e
d
o
f
th
e
Ho
u
r
,
”
D
AR
U Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
a
rm
a
c
e
u
ti
c
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
o
fia
b
o
rn
in
Ba
n
d
a
A
c
e
h
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
4
t
h
19
74
.
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
h
e
m
istr
y
f
ro
m
th
e
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
i
n
1
9
97
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
.
S
c
d
e
g
re
e
in
P
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
o
x
ico
lo
g
y
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsity
S
c
ien
c
e
M
a
la
y
sia
(USM
),
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
5
.
In
2
0
1
6
sh
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
S
h
e
sta
rts
a
s
lec
tu
re
r
in
M
e
d
i
c
a
l
Ch
e
m
istr
y
a
n
d
Bio
c
h
e
m
istry
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
,
Ac
e
h
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
sin
c
e
1
9
9
9
u
n
ti
l
p
re
se
n
t
.
He
r
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
h
e
a
lt
h
,
d
isa
ste
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
a
p
p
li
e
d
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
o
x
ico
lo
g
y
,
h
e
rb
a
l
m
e
d
icin
e
,
c
li
m
a
te
c
h
a
n
g
e
,
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
lt
h
,
p
u
b
l
ic
h
e
a
lt
h
issu
e
s,
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
S
e
c
re
tar
y
o
f
He
a
lt
h
P
ro
f
e
sio
n
a
l
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Q
u
a
li
ty
(HP
EQ)
P
r
o
jec
t
in
2
0
0
9
,
S
e
n
a
te
Co
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
Co
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
o
n
a
t
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
(2
0
1
2
-
p
re
se
n
t)
,
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
A
c
c
r
e
d
it
a
ti
o
n
’s
b
o
a
r
d
o
f
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsity
(2
0
1
0
-
2
0
1
4
),
S
e
c
re
tary
o
f
Ce
n
tre
f
o
r
He
a
lt
h
S
e
rv
ice
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(CHSM
),
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
Qu
a
li
ty
As
su
ra
n
c
e
,
S
a
t
y
a
L
e
n
c
a
n
a
Ka
r
y
a
S
a
t
y
a
in
2
0
1
3
.
C
u
rre
n
t
ly
(2
0
1
6
),
sh
e
a
c
ts
a
s
He
a
d
o
f
Ce
n
tre f
o
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
L
P
3
M
,
a
t
S
y
iah
Ku
a
la Un
iv
e
rsity
.
Ad
i
H
e
r
u
H
u
so
d
o
b
o
rn
in
Ke
d
ir
i,
Ja
wa
T
i
m
u
r,
O
c
to
b
e
r
9
th
,
1
9
5
7
.
G
ra
d
u
a
te
d
e
g
r
e
e
f
ro
m
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
e
d
icin
e
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
in
1984
.
M
a
ste
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
(M
.
S
c
)
in
M
e
d
ica
l
De
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
E
n
g
lan
d
,
i
n
1
9
8
9
.
Dip
l
o
m
a
in
th
e
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
Nu
tri
ti
o
n
(DCN
)
,
S
o
u
t
h
Eas
t
A
S
EA
N
M
in
ister
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
(S
EA
M
EO),
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
in
1
9
9
5
.
Di
p
l
o
m
a
in
th
e
L
o
n
d
o
n
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
H
y
g
i
e
n
e
&
Tro
p
ica
l
M
e
d
ici
n
e
(DL
S
HT
M
)
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
L
o
n
d
o
n
,
En
g
lan
d
,
1
9
9
7
.
Dip
l
o
m
a
in
En
g
li
sh
d
a
ri
th
e
Ne
w
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
li
sh
,
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
,
UK
.
Do
c
to
ra
l
in
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
a
n
d
sp
e
c
if
ica
ll
y
in
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
&
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
f
ro
m
A
irl
a
n
g
g
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
u
ra
b
a
y
a
,
Ja
wa
T
i
m
u
r,
in
2
0
0
1
.
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
.
A
s
re
v
ie
w
e
r,
e
x
p
e
rt
e
d
it
o
r
o
f
so
m
e
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
lo
c
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
M
a
n
y
a
rti
c
les
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
a
t
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls.
W
rit
e
rs
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
les
o
f
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
He
a
lt
h
in
2
0
1
0
,
O
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
in
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
,
b
o
o
k
s
o
f
Ob
ste
tri
c
a
n
d
Gy
n
e
c
o
lo
g
y
Ep
id
e
m
io
lo
g
y
in
2
0
1
0
,
Re
se
a
rc
h
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
2
0
1
1
,
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
He
a
lt
h
in
2
0
1
1
,
Oc
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
r
o
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
Bio
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
o
n
2
0
1
1
,
W
e
e
k
l
y
Cli
n
ica
l
Up
d
a
tes
O
n
P
rim
a
r
y
Ca
re
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
s
Bo
o
k
.
Aw
a
rd
e
e
f
o
r
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
A
w
a
r
d
f
ro
m
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
G
lo
b
a
l
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
i
n
ister
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
i
n
2
0
1
1
,
T
h
ird
L
y
n
Clea
rih
a
n
Aw
a
rd
a
t
Je
ju
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
Ce
n
ter,
Je
ju
,
Ko
re
a
d
u
rin
g
th
e
1
9
th
W
o
n
c
a
A
sia
F
a
c
if
i
c
Re
g
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
.
V
e
r
y
a
c
ti
v
e
in
m
a
n
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
se
r
v
ice
s
re
late
d
to
p
u
b
li
c
h
e
a
lt
h
.
Ch
ief
o
f
F
a
m
il
y
M
e
d
icin
e
T
e
a
m
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
m
e
d
icin
e
,
Ga
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ch
a
irma
n
o
f
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
o
f
F
a
m
il
y
Do
c
to
r
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
Bra
n
c
h
,
Ch
a
irm
a
n
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
Re
d
Cro
ss
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
Bra
n
c
h
(2
0
0
5
-
2
0
1
5
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8806
I
J
P
HS
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
1
6
:
2
5
7
–
2
6
6
266
E
k
o
S
u
g
ih
a
r
t
o
b
o
rn
in
P
a
n
a
r
u
k
a
n
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
10
th
,
1
9
4
9
.
B
.
S
c
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
1
9
8
0
,
D
EA
in
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Ch
e
m
istr
y
,
U
n
iv
e
rsite
L
o
u
is
P
a
ste
u
r,
S
tras
b
o
u
rg
,
F
re
n
c
h
,
1
9
8
5
,
D
o
c
to
r
i
n
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Ch
e
m
istr
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsite
L
o
u
is
P
a
ste
u
r,
S
tras
b
o
u
rg
,
F
re
n
c
h
,
1
9
8
8
.
M
a
n
y
Co
u
rse
s
a
n
d
train
i
n
g
s
a
tt
e
n
d
e
d
w
e
r
e
re
late
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
i
m
p
a
c
t
a
ss
e
s
m
e
n
t,
c
lea
n
e
r
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
u
d
it
o
r.
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
C
h
e
m
istr
y
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
Ga
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
f
ro
m
1
9
8
0
u
n
ti
l
n
o
w
.
Co
n
c
e
n
trate
in
a
n
a
ly
stica
l
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
to
x
ico
lo
g
y
,
sp
e
c
tro
m
e
tri
,
q
u
a
li
ty
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
,
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
c
h
e
m
istr
y
,
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
s,
se
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
c
h
e
m
istr
y
.
Ex
p
e
rt
in
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Im
p
a
c
t
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
(2
0
1
2
-
n
o
w
).
Co
o
rd
i
n
a
to
r
o
f
W
a
ter
Qu
a
li
t
y
in
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
(1
9
9
7
-
n
o
w
),
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
P
o
ll
u
t
io
n
(
1
9
9
-
n
o
w
),
A
ss
e
so
r
f
o
r
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Im
p
a
c
t
A
n
a
l
y
sis
(2
0
0
3
-
n
o
w
).
S
e
v
e
ra
l
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
o
n
e
re
late
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
.
A
s
a
h
e
a
d
o
f
c
e
n
tre
f
o
r
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
stu
d
ies
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
(2
0
0
6
-
2
0
1
0
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.