Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
u
bli
c Hea
lt
h S
c
ie
nce (IJPH
S)
Vo
l.
7
, No
.
4,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
268~
273
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/ij
phs
.
v7
i4
.
14742
268
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
https:
//
ww
w.i
aesco
re
.c
om
/j
our
nals/
ind
ex.
php/IJP
H
S
Nurse’s S
piritu
al Care Co
mp
ete
nc
ies to Pa
tient wit
h End
Stage
Breast C
ancer
Nu
rul
Rez
ki An
isa
1
, Kade
k
Ayu
Er
ik
a
2
, Rini
Rach
ma
w
at
y
3
1
Nurs
ing
Medic
a
l
Surger
y
,
Hasan
uddin
Univer
si
t
y
,
Indone
si
a
2,3
Nurs
ing
Facul
t
y
,
Hasanudd
in
U
nive
rsit
y
,
Indon
e
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
ul
30
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
N
ov
1
, 201
8
Accepte
d
Nov
11
, 201
8
Canc
er
h
as
m
any
side effects
on
pat
i
ent
’s ph
y
si
c and
m
ostl
y
on
m
ent
a
l
which
m
a
y
aff
e
ct
on
t
hei
r
qu
al
i
t
y
of
li
fe
.
Ph
y
s
ic
a
lly
m
ost
pat
ie
n
ts
fe
el
f
at
igu
e,
insom
nia
,
anor
e
xia
,
naus
ea
,
and
vom
it
while
me
ntall
y
they
f
ee
l
emotional
disturba
nc
es
suc
h
as
anx
ie
t
y
,
s
tr
e
ss
,
or
depr
ession
.
One
of
the m
ethods
to
that
appr
opriate
to
over
come
both
of
the
condi
tions
is
spirit
ual
ca
re.
Ma
n
y
rese
arc
h
found
t
hat
be
ca
use
spir
it
ual
c
are
associ
at
ed
wi
th
b
et
t
er
well
be
ing,
le
ss
emotional
disturba
nc
e,
le
s
s
subs
ta
nce
ab
use,
gre
ater
s
oc
ia
l
suppor
t,
bet
t
er
health
be
havi
ours,
so
it
has
impact
to
l
onger
survival
per
iods.
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
ai
m
ed
t
o
inve
stig
at
e
nu
rse’s
spirit
ual
c
a
re
compet
enc
i
es
to
pa
ti
en
ts
with
end
stag
e
c
anc
er
.
Th
is
was
desc
riptive
stud
y
design
emplo
y
ed
Spirit
ua
l
Care
Com
pet
encie
s
Scale
(SCC
S)
instrument.
A
t
ota
l
sam
pli
ng
of
24
nurses
working
in
Oncolog
y
d
epa
rtme
nt
in
Dr.
W
ahi
din
Sudirohusodo
Hos
pit
al
were
rec
ru
it
ed
.
Thi
s
rese
ar
ch
found
tha
t
the
r
e
ar
e
12
nurses
(50
%)
tha
t
work
in
oncol
og
y
d
ep
art
m
ent
h
ave
lo
w
compete
nc
ie
s
of
spirit
u
al
c
ar
e
.
Invo
lvi
ng
spirit
ual
c
are
is
associa
t
ed
with
bet
t
er
well
be
ing
and
longe
r
survival
per
iods
.
The
ref
or
e,
it
is
nec
essar
y
to
increa
se
the
compe
te
nc
e
of
nurses
on
spirit
u
al
ca
re
in
m
ee
t
ing
t
he
spirit
u
al
ne
ed
s
of
pat
ie
n
ts
wit
h
end
stage
br
eas
t
ca
n
c
er.
A
tra
ini
ng
o
f
spiritual
c
are
ca
n
be
an
alter
na
ti
v
e
fo
r
nurses
to
improve
spirit
u
al
ca
re
in
hospitals.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Breast
cance
r
Nurses c
om
petencies
Sp
irit
ual ca
re
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Nuru
l
Rezki
A
nisa,
Nursin
g
Me
dic
al
Surg
e
ry
,
Hasa
nuddin
U
niv
e
rsity
,
I
ndonesi
a.
Em
a
il
: ren
isa
.co
k@
gm
ail.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ca
ncer
is
a
te
r
m
inal
disease
that
is
one
of
t
he
biggest
cau
ses
of
deat
h
e
ve
ry
ye
ar
[
1],
[
2].
Ba
sed
on
est
i
m
at
es
fr
om
the
Worl
d
He
al
th
O
rg
a
nizat
ion,
ca
ncer
ca
use
s
m
or
e
death
s
tha
n
a
ny
c
oron
a
ry
hear
t
dis
ease
or
stroke.
B
reast
cancer
is
a
can
cer
with
t
he
hig
he
st
pe
rce
ntage
of
ne
w
case
s
after
co
ntr
olli
ng
by
a
ge,
w
hi
ch
i
s
43.3%,
a
nd
t
he
per
ce
ntage
of
death
a
fte
r
c
ontrolle
d
by
age
of
12.
9%
[
2].
Breast
cance
r
is
the
seco
nd
hi
gh
e
st
cancer
in
Ind
onesi
a
after
ce
r
vical
cancer
a
nd
S
outh
S
ula
wesi
is
ranke
d
four
t
h
of
34
pro
vin
ces
with
th
e
highest
num
ber
of
breast
ca
nc
er
patie
nts
i
n
Ind
on
esi
a [3
]
. O
fte
n,
b
reast
c
ancers
a
r
e fou
nd
incide
ntall
y
and
a
re
at
an
ad
van
ce
d
sta
ge
in
the
hosp
it
al
due
to
t
he
un
healt
hy
s
ym
pto
m
s
felt
i
n
the
ea
rly
sta
ges
[
4].
Ne
w
pa
ti
ents
do
c
hec
ks
at
the
hos
pital
when
sym
pto
m
s
beg
i
n
to
be
fe
lt
.
The
reacti
on
of
patie
nts
with
ad
va
nced
br
east
cancer
d
ia
gno
s
ti
cs w
il
l exp
e
ri
ence m
or
e
ps
yc
ho
l
og
ic
al
st
re
ss.
It
is
kn
own
t
ha
t
br
east
cance
r
has
a
poor
c
om
plica
ti
on
an
d
pro
gnos
is
i
n
the
c
ourse
of
the
disease
,
plu
s
ne
gative s
ide ef
fects o
n
t
he ph
ysi
cal
fu
nc
ti
on
a
nd quali
ty
o
f
li
fe
of p
at
ie
nts f
r
om
ch
em
oth
erap
y t
rea
t
m
ent
that
patie
nts
[5]
,
[6
]
.
B
reast
c
ancer
a
nd
it
s
tr
eatm
ent
hav
e
ph
ysi
cal
ef
fect
s
su
c
h
as
fati
gue,
i
ns
om
nia,
loss
of
app
et
it
e,
na
use
a,
vom
i
ti
ng
,
app
ea
ra
nce
ch
ang
e
s,
em
otion
s
s
uch
as
a
nx
ie
ty
an
d
de
pr
essi
on,
an
d
so
ci
al
pr
ess
ures
res
ul
ti
ng
in
dec
r
eased
body
f
un
ct
io
n,
sex
ua
li
ty
pr
ob
le
m
s,
sel
f
-
im
age
changes
,
de
crease
d
confide
nce,
em
otions, se
ve
rity
of
ph
ysi
cal
and
ps
yc
holo
gica
l functi
on c
hanges
[7
]
,
[8], [
9]
, [1
0].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Descripti
on
of
Nurse’s
Spiri
tu
al C
ar
e
Co
m
pe
te
ncies to
Pati
ent
wi
th E
nd
Sta
ge
Bre
as
t
…
(
Nuru
l
Rezki
A
ni
sa
)
269
Dr
.
Wah
i
din
Sudir
ohusodo
ho
s
pital
is
on
e
of
ho
s
pital
s
that
ap
ply
palli
at
ive
care
t
o
t
he
te
rm
inal
p
at
ie
nt
in
Indonesia
and
s
piri
tuali
ty
is
par
t
of
palli
at
ive
care.
Breast
cancer
is
the
m
os
t
pr
evale
nce
in
Dr.
Wah
i
din
S
ud
ir
ohusodo
hos
pital
.
Ba
sed
on
direct
inte
rv
ie
ws
on
th
ree
breast
cance
r
patie
nts
in
D
r.
W
ahid
i
n
Sudir
ohusodo
in
Jan
uar
y
20
18,
ph
ysi
cal
an
d
ps
yc
hos
ocial
com
plaints
du
ri
ng
the f
irst
ye
ar
of
b
ei
ng
diag
no
s
e
d
and
unde
rgoin
g
breast
cance
r
treat
m
ent
in
cl
ud
e
a
nx
ie
ty
,
stress,
de
pres
sion,
fati
gue,
nausea
an
d
vo
m
iting
,
decr
ease
d
se
xual
f
un
ct
io
n,
decr
ease
d
qu
al
it
y
of
li
fe,
ev
en
ag
gressi
ve
li
fe
-
threate
ni
ng
be
ha
viors.
P
at
ie
nts
e
m
ph
asi
ze
m
or
e
com
plaints
in
ps
yc
holo
gy
and
feel
it
is
im
po
rtant
to
be
treat
ed
prom
pt
ly
in
or
de
r
to
acce
pt
the
co
ndit
ion
of
t
he
il
lness
and
pe
rfor
m
t
he
treat
m
ent
as
directe
d
by
the
doct
or.
T
he
patie
nt'
s
fear
of
thera
peu
ti
c
sid
e
eff
ec
ts,
com
pr
e
he
ns
ive
br
e
ast
li
fting
s
uggestio
ns
,
a
nd
inabili
ty
to
acc
ess
healt
h
faci
li
ti
es
aff
ect
patie
nt
acce
ptance
of
the
disease.
On
e
of
th
e
m
et
hods
t
hat
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
to
overc
om
e
bo
th
of
th
e
conditi
ons is s
piritual ca
re [1
1].
Sp
irit
ual n
ee
ds
are
a
n
im
po
rta
n
t
pa
rt o
f
li
fe
t
o
fin
d
m
eaning
an
d
pur
po
se
i
n
li
fe,
an
d
i
ncrea
se
ho
pe
in
li
fe
[1
2].
Accord
i
ng
to
the
N
at
ion
al
Consen
su
s
Pro
j
ect
[
13]
,
sp
irit
ual
ca
re
has
beco
m
e
par
t
of
the
na
ti
on
al
serv
ic
e
qual
it
y
gu
ideli
ne
s
for
te
rm
inal
illnesses
(p
al
li
at
ive)
and
is
in
do
m
ai
n
5
(sp
irit
ual,
reli
gious,
an
d
m
ai
ntenan
ce
a
sp
ect
s)
i
nclu
din
g
a
dva
nced
c
ancer
t
hat
rec
ognizes
t
he
reli
gi
ou
s
a
nd
s
piritual
w
orries
of p
at
ie
nt
s
and
fam
il
ie
s.
The
act
ivit
ie
s
of
sp
irit
ual
s
upport
i
nclu
de
pr
a
ye
r
thera
py,
ac
com
pan
yi
ng
t
he
patie
nt
by
showi
ng
s
upport,
cari
ng,
a
nd
em
pathy,
thera
pe
utic
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
an
d
li
ste
ni
ng
to
m
any
pa
ti
ents,
an
d
re
ferrin
g
patie
nts to
app
ropr
ia
te
reli
gious lea
der
s
[14
]
.
Nurses
in
O
nc
ology
Dep
a
rt
m
ent
are
i
m
p
or
ta
nt
to
prov
i
de
sp
irit
ual
ca
re
for
nea
r
the
end
of
li
fe
conditi
ons
t
o
fi
nd
ways
to
be
pr
ese
nt
in
crisi
s
sit
uations
of
li
fe
-
threate
ning
patie
nts
[15].
Sp
i
ritual
care
is
one
of
the
treat
m
ent
m
anag
e
m
ent
strat
egies
towa
rd
s
the
en
d
of
li
fe
in
the
ho
s
pital
within
the
Nursin
g
I
nter
ve
ntio
n
Cl
assifi
cat
ion
.
Althou
gh
t
he
patie
nts
wit
h
e
nd
-
sta
ge
breast
cancer
t
old
th
at
it
beco
m
e
i
m
po
rtant,
the
r
e
is
no
data
that
sho
w
ed
nu
rses
s
piri
tual
care
com
petencies
at
on
c
ology
de
par
tm
ent
in
D
r.
Wa
hid
in
Sudir
ohuso
do
ho
s
pital
.
T
her
e
fore
it
ta
kes
re
search
to
in
ves
ti
gate
the
com
petence
of
nur
se’s
s
piri
tual
c
are
in
patie
nts
with
adv
a
nce
d br
eas
t cancer
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
This
resea
rc
h
was
de
scri
ptiv
e
stud
y
de
sig
n
e
m
plo
ye
d
S
piritual
Ca
re
Co
m
petencies
Scal
e
(S
CC
S)
instru
m
ent.
Th
is
researc
h
wa
s
cond
ucted
i
n
Tum
or
Un
it
Ca
re
of
Lo
nt
ara
2
Dr.
W
a
hid
in
Sudir
oh
us
od
o
Ho
s
pital
in
Ma
kassa
r
f
r
om
Ju
ne
to
J
uly 2
018.
The
popula
ti
on
in
this
stud
y
was
al
l
nu
rse
s
in
the
treatm
ent
ro
om
of
Tu
m
or
U
nit
Ca
re.
T
he
sam
pling
te
chn
iq
ue
wa
s
total
sa
m
pling
.
The
sam
ple
c
on
sist
e
d
of
24
nurses.
Data
colle
ct
ed
inclu
de
d
dem
og
ra
phic
dat
a
(ag
e
,
tribe
s,
l
eng
t
h
of
w
ork,
e
ducat
ion
and
trai
ni
ng
e
xp
e
rience
ab
out
cance
r
ca
r
e)
an
d
sp
irit
ua
l
care
com
petence sc
al
e u
si
ng
S
pirit
ual Care C
om
petency Scal
e as
shown i
n
Ta
bl
e 1
.
This
researc
h
us
e
d
S
piritual
Ca
re
Com
petency
Scal
e
(S
C
CS).
SCC
S
focuses
on
t
he
psy
cho
m
et
ric
aspects
ai
m
ed
at
assessi
ng
t
he
com
petence
of
s
piritual
ca
r
e.
Test
of
vali
dity
us
ed
Pear
so
n
-
product
m
om
ent
wi
th
sig
nifica
nc
e
of
0.0
5
.
It
s
howe
d
the
c
orr
el
at
ion
val
ue
f
r
om
the
27
it
em
s
was
valid
(
≥
0
.
2).
It
was
rel
ia
ble
sh
owe
d
by
the
Cronbac
h’
s
A
lph
a
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
value
of
0,6
94
for
27
it
e
m
s.
SCC
was
devel
op
e
d
base
d
on
the
prof
il
e
of
nu
rs
ing
c
om
petenc
ie
s
for
sp
irit
u
a
l
care
by
van
Leeu
wen
an
d
Cusv
el
le
r
(
2004)
by
disti
ngui
sh
in
g
three
do
m
ai
ns
of
s
piritual
ca
r
e
nam
el
y
sel
f
-
awar
e
ness
a
nd
sel
f
-
care
nur
se
s,
sp
i
ritual
nur
sing
dim
ensions,
an
d
nurse
qual
it
y
a
nd
s
kill
assur
a
nce.
T
her
e
are 2
7
sta
te
m
ents
div
ide
d
into 6
sect
ion
s
o
f
this
scal
e:
the
asse
ssm
ent
and
im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
of
sp
irit
ua
l
care,
the
pro
fessio
naliz
at
ion
an
d
i
m
pr
ove
m
ent
of
the
qual
it
y
of
sp
irit
ua
l
care,
per
s
onal
support
an
d
patie
nt
counseli
ng,
a
tt
it
ud
es
towa
r
d
the
patie
nt'
s
sp
irit
ualit
y,
and
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
as
sh
ow
n
in
Ta
ble
2
.
T
he
m
eas
ur
em
ents
for
each
sta
te
m
ent
us
e
the
5
-
po
i
nt
Likert
scal
e
by
est
i
m
at
ing
how
th
e
nurse'
s
com
pe
te
ncy
le
vel
in
sp
irit
ual
care
with
answ
e
r
op
ti
ons
that
1=stron
gly
disagr
ee,
2=d
is
agr
ee
,
3=n
e
utral,
4=
a
gr
ee
,
a
nd
5=
str
ongly
ag
ree.
S
cor
es
of
27
-
54
are
cat
e
gorized
as
ha
ving
no
com
petence,
55
-
94
scor
e
s
are
cat
e
gorized
as
ha
vi
ng
l
ow
c
om
petence,
95
-
107
are
cat
e
gorize
d
as
ha
ving
m
od
e
rate
c
om
petence,
and the
sco
re
of ≥
10
8 has
high c
om
petence.
The
prot
oco
l
and
do
c
um
ent
of
this
resear
ch
were
agr
ee
d
an
d
re
c
ommende
d
by
Heal
th
Re
searc
h
Ethic
Com
m
is
sion
of
Me
dicine
Fac
ulty
of
Hasa
nuddi
n
Un
i
ver
sit
y.
The
re
gister
ed
nu
m
ber
of
et
hical
agr
eem
ent
was
367/
H4.8.4
.5.
31
/P
P36
-
K
OM
ETI
K/2018.
T
he
nurse
dem
og
ra
phic
data obta
ined
we
re
a
naly
zed
un
i
var
ia
t
(fre
quency
distrib
utio
n).
Data
c
onsist
s
of
age
,
et
hn
ic
it
y,
m
arit
a
l
sta
tus,
edu
cat
ion
,
trai
ning,
durati
on
of
w
ork,
an
d
nurses'
s
piritual
care
c
om
petence
scal
e.
Data
is
pr
ese
nte
d
in
te
rm
s
of
num
ber
s
a
nd
pe
rce
ntages.
Bi
var
ia
te
analy
sis
was
us
in
g
Ma
nn
-
w
hitne
y
te
st
to
know
the
relat
ion
of
nurse
c
har
ac
te
risti
c
with
sp
irit
ual
care c
om
petence.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2252
-
8806
IJPHS
V
ol.
7
,
No.
4
,
Decem
ber
2018
:
268
–
273
270
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
Table
1
s
hows
the
sam
ple
cha
racteri
sti
cs.
T
he
num
ber
of
nurses
in
O
nc
olo
gy
dea
rtm
ent
is
24
nurses
who
are
di
vid
e
d
into
4
te
am
s
with
each
te
am
le
ader
.
The
re
wer
e
m
or
e
fem
al
e
nu
rse
s
(70.8%)
tha
n
m
os
t
m
ale
nurses
(29.2%
)
includi
ng
the
young
a
dult
ag
e
gro
up
<
4
5
ye
ars
of
22
nurse
s
(91.7%
).
M
ost
of
th
e
nur
ses
wer
e
14
nurses
fro
m
Bug
is
(
58.3%)
a
nd
Ma
kas
sar
(6.0%).
M
or
e
nu
rses
i
n
t
he
t
um
or
sur
ge
ry
r
oom
hav
e
the
la
st
edu
cat
io
n
N
ursing
Di
plo
m
a
(A
m
d.
Ke
p.)
T
hat
is
as
m
any
as
10
nurse
s
(
41.7%).
T
he
m
os
t
widely
fo
ll
owe
d
trai
ning d
uri
ng
w
ork
on
onc
ol
og
y de
par
tm
ent
was
c
hem
oth
erap
y
trai
ning (
29.
2%
)
by
7
nurses
, b
ut
there
were
11
nurse
s wh
o had
ne
ver
att
e
nded
t
rainin
g (45.
8%). T
her
e a
re 4
nurse
s (16.7%
)
w
ho wo
r
k>
10 yea
r
s in t
um
or
su
r
ge
ry
and
m
or
e
nurses
with
<1
0
ye
ars
of
wo
rk
e
xperie
nc
e.
The
re
are
nurses
w
ho
ha
ve
a
m
od
erate
s
piritual
care
com
peten
ce
(25.0%)
a
nd
hi
gh
(25.0%
).
H
oweve
r,
in
gen
e
ral
m
or
e
nurses
who
ha
ve
lo
w
sp
irit
ua
l
care
com
petence
is
half
of
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
res
po
nd
e
nts
a
s
m
any
as
12
nur
ses
(
50.0
%
).
T
he
lowe
st
s
pi
ritu
al
care
com
petence is
the m
os
t i
n
nur
ses w
it
h t
he
la
t
est
educat
ion o
f nursin
g dipl
om
as.
Table
2
sho
ws
the
six
par
ts
of
the
nurses'
care
sp
irit
ual
com
petence
in
SC
CS.
The
re
are
incom
petent
nurses
i
n
the
assessm
ent
and
im
ple
m
entation
of
s
piritua
l
care
(
1
6.7%
),
prof
es
sio
naliz
at
ion
an
d
qual
it
y
i
m
pr
ovem
ent
of
s
piritual
car
e
(8
.
3%
)
an
d
r
efer
ral
(8.3%).
The
data
al
s
o
sh
ow
that
high
com
petence
is
m
os
t
pr
e
valent
in
the
at
ti
tud
es
towa
r
d
the
patie
nt'
s
sp
irit
ualit
y
(5
4.
2%
)
a
nd
c
omm
un
icati
on
(37.5%
).
In
the
m
eantim
e
,
no
ne
of
t
hem
exh
ibit
hig
h
com
petence
in
the
prof
e
ssio
naliz
at
ion
an
d
im
pr
ov
em
ent
of
s
pi
ritua
l
care a
nd r
e
ferr
al
q
ualit
ie
s
.
Table
1.
C
har
a
ct
erist
ic
s o
f
R
e
sp
on
de
nt
Ch
arac
teristics
Sa
m
p
le
n
%
Ag
e
Yo
u
n
g
Adu
lt (
2
0
-
4
5
y
ears
old
)
Old
Adu
lt (
> 45
y
e
ars old
)
22
2
9
1
.7
8
.3
Tr
ib
e
Bu
g
is
Makas
sar
Mand
ar
Luwu
Toraja
14
6
1
1
2
5
8
.3
2
5
.0
4
.2
4
.2
8
.3
Mar
ital
Status
No
t M
ar
ried
Mar
ried
13
11
5
4
.2
4
5
.8
Last E
d
u
catio
n
Dip
lo
m
a (
A
m
d
.
Ke
p
.)
Bach
elo
r
o
f
Nurse
(S.
Kep
.
)
Nu
rse (
Ns
.)
10
7
7
4
1
.7
2
9
.2
2
9
.2
Tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
Can
cer
Patien
t Ca
re
Ch
e
m
o
th
er
ap
y
Palliative Car
e
Can
cer Wou
n
d
Care
No
th
in
g
7
1
5
11
2
9
.2
4
.2
2
0
.8
4
5
.8
Leng
th
o
f
W
o
rk
at
Tu
m
o
r
an
d
Can
cer
Care
< 5 y
e
ars
5
-
1
0
y
ears
≥ 10
y
ea
rs
10
10
4
4
1
.7
4
1
.7
1
6
.7
Nu
rses Co
m
p
eten
c
ies
Low
Mod
erate
Hig
h
12
6
6
5
0
.0
2
5
.0
2
5
.0
Ta
bl
e
2
.
Part
of
Nurs
e
Com
pet
en
ce
wi
th
Spiri
tual
Care Com
pet
en
ci
es
S
c
al
e
Sp
iritual Care
Co
m
p
eten
cies
No
t
Co
m
p
eten
tn
(
%)
Low Co
m
p
eten
cen
(%)
Mediu
m
Co
m
p
eten
cen
(%)
Hig
h
Co
m
p
eten
ce
n
(%)
Ass
ess
m
en
t and
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
of
sp
iritual care
4
(16
.7)
7
(
2
9
.2)
9
(
3
7
.5)
4
(
1
6
.7)
Prof
ess
io
n
alizatio
n
and
qu
ality
i
m
p
rov
e
m
en
t of
sp
iritual car
e
2
(
8
.3)
1
1
(
4
5
.8)
1
1
(
4
5
.8)
-
Ref
erence
2
(
8
.3)
-
2
2
(
9
1
.7)
-
Perso
n
al su
p
p
o
rt
an
d
patien
t
co
u
n
selin
g
-
2
(
8
.3)
1
6
(
6
6
.7)
6
(
2
5
.0)
Attitu
d
e to p
atien
t
sp
irituality
-
-
1
1
(
4
5
.8)
1
3
(
5
4
.2)
Co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
-
-
1
5
(
6
2
.5)
9
(
3
7
.5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJPHS
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Descripti
on
of
Nurse’s
Spiri
tu
al C
ar
e
Co
m
pe
te
ncies to
Pati
ent
wi
th E
nd
Sta
ge
Bre
as
t
…
(
Nuru
l
Rezki
A
ni
sa
)
271
Ta
bl
e
3
.
Cross
tab
Com
pet
ence
o
f
Nurs
es'
Spir
it
u
al
C
are w
it
h
Ch
a
rac
t
eri
sti
cs
Sp
iritual Care
Co
m
p
eten
cies
p
valu
e
Low Co
m
p
eten
cen
(%)
Mod
erate
Co
m
p
eten
cen
(%)
Hig
h
Co
m
p
eten
cen
(%)
Ag
e
Yo
u
n
g
Adu
lt
Old
Adu
lt
1
2
(
5
4
.5 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
4
(
1
8
.2 %)
2
(
1
0
0
.0 %)
6
(
2
7
.3 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
.49
5
Gen
d
er
Men
Fe
m
ale
5
(
7
1
.4 %)
7
(
4
1
.2 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
6
(
3
5
.3 %)
2
(
2
8
.6 %)
4
(
6
6
.7 %)
0
.40
7
Ethn
icity
Bu
g
is
Makas
sar
Mand
ar
Luwu
Toraja
5
(
3
5
.7 %)
5
(83
.3 %)
1
(
1
0
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
1
(
5
0
.0 %)
3
(
2
1
.4 %)
1
(
1
6
.7 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
1
(
1
0
0
.
0
%)
1
(
5
0
.0 %)
6
(
4
2
.9 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
.23
6
Mar
ital
Status
No
t M
ar
ried
Mar
ried
3
(
6
1
.5 %)
4
(
3
6
.4 %)
3
(
2
3
.1 %)
3
(
2
7
.3 %)
2
(
1
5
.4 %)
4
(36
.4 %)
0
.18
6
Edu
catio
n
Dip
lo
m
a
Bach
elo
r
o
f
Nurse
Ners
5
(
5
0
.0 %)
3
(
4
2
.9 %)
4
(
5
7
.1 %)
2
(
2
0
.0 %)
2
(
2
8
.6 %)
2
(
2
8
.6 %)
3
(
3
0
.0 %)
2
(
2
8
.6 %)
1
(
1
4
.3 %)
0
.94
2
Tr
ain
in
g
Ch
e
m
o
th
er
ap
y
Palliative Car
e
W
o
u
n
d
Can
cer
No
th
in
g
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
4
(
8
0
.0 %)
8
(
7
2
.7 %)
2
(
2
8
.6 %)
1
(
1
0
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
3
(
2
7
.3 %)
5
(
7
1
.4 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
1
(
2
0
.0 %)
0
(
0
.0 %)
0
.00
5
Total
1
2
(
5
0
.0 %)
6
(
2
5
.0 %)
6
(
2
5
.0 %)
Ba
sed
on the SC
C scal
e fo
r
m
easur
i
ng
nurse
s'
sp
irit
ual care co
m
petencies, the stud
y fou
nd that
m
or
e
nurses
ha
d
lo
w
er
com
petence
in
the
On
c
olog
y
dep
artm
ent
of
the
ho
s
pital
.
Ther
e
are
si
x
pa
rts
of
sp
i
ritual
care
com
petence
on
SCC
scal
e
.
The
scal
e
m
easur
es
as
se
ssm
ent
and
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
s
piritual
care
,
prof
e
ssio
naliz
at
ion
an
d
qu
al
i
ty
i
m
pr
ov
em
e
nt
of
s
piritual
care,
pe
rs
on
a
l
su
pport
an
d
patie
nt
co
un
s
el
ing,
ref
e
rr
al
s,
att
it
ud
es t
ow
a
rd the
patie
nt'
s sp
irit
ua
li
ty
, an
d
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
.
The
res
ults
of
this
stu
dy
ind
i
cat
e
that
the
nur
ses
are
no
t
c
om
pete
nt
in
the
ass
essm
ent
an
d
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
n,
pro
fessi
on
al
iz
at
ion
a
nd
im
pro
vem
ent,
an
d
s
piritual
ca
r
e
re
ferral
.
T
he
se
th
ree
par
ts
are
the
m
ai
n
com
pete
ncies
an
d
t
he
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
sp
i
ritual
ca
re
in
t
he
healt
h
ser
vices
in
ho
sp
it
al
s.
Th
e
pr
esence
of
inc
om
petent
nurse
s
in
the
sect
ion
i
nd
ic
at
es
a
la
ck
of
nu
rse
a
bili
ty
in
te
rm
s
of
sci
e
nc
e
an
d
c
om
petence
t
o
pro
vid
e
sp
i
ritu
al
care
in
patie
nts
with
ad
va
nc
ed
breast
canc
er.
This
is
s
upporte
d
by
the
ch
aracte
risti
c
data
that
m
os
t
nu
rses
do
no
t hav
e p
re
vi
ou
s
t
rainin
g
e
xperie
nces.
T
he
per
s
onal
suppo
rt
an
d
co
unsel
ing,
at
ti
tud
es
to
ward
sp
irit
ualit
y,
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
to
t
he
patie
nt
instea
d
s
how
a
high
de
gree
of
com
petence
in
sur
gical
nurs
e
tum
or
s.
Thes
e
three
par
ts
represent
th
e
sen
s
e
of
ca
r
e
a
nd
nurses
em
path
y
to
te
rm
inal
conditi
ons
of
pa
ti
ents
with
ad
va
nced
br
east
ca
ncer.
This
sho
ws
th
at
nurses
hav
e
a
high
se
ns
e
of
ca
re
to
pro
vid
e
s
piritual
care
to
patie
nts.
T
herefo
re,
if
it
is
su
pp
or
te
d
by
the
abili
ty
a
nd
good
basic
com
petence
on
t
he
asses
sm
ent,
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
n,
a
nd
prof
e
ss
ion
al
iz
at
ion
it
will
fo
rm
a
s
piritual
ser
vic
e
that
prov
i
de
s
a
po
sit
ive
ef
fect
in
ov
e
rc
om
ing
p
s
yc
ho
lo
gical
prob
le
m
s in
patie
nts w
it
h
a
dv
a
nc
ed breast c
anc
er.
Lo
w
-
c
om
petence
nurses
are
nurses
w
ho
ha
ve
nev
e
r
had
pr
e
vious
trai
n
ing
ex
per
ie
nce.
This
s
ho
w
s
that
the
ro
le
of
trai
nin
g
has
a
n
infl
uen
ce
on
sp
irit
ual
care
c
om
petence.
Of
the
three
ty
pes
of
trai
ni
ng
t
ha
t
hav
e
been
f
ollo
we
d
by
oncol
og
y
nurses
,
it
app
ea
r
s
that
basic
che
m
oth
erap
y
trai
ning
has
a p
os
i
ti
ve
influ
e
nce o
n
t
he
com
pe
te
nce
of
sp
irit
ual
care.
It
is
s
how
n
from
data
that
nurses
who
ha
ve
at
te
nd
e
d
c
he
m
oth
erap
y
trai
ning
hav
e
high
s
piri
tual
care
com
petence.
O
n
th
e
co
ntra
ry
it
is
diff
e
re
nt
f
ro
m
the
trai
ni
ng
of
cance
r
w
ound
care
wh
ic
h
s
hows
t
hat
m
or
e
nurse
s
ha
ve
lo
w
s
piritual
c
are
c
ompete
nce.
It
m
a
y
on
ly
sup
port
nurse
’s
s
kill
and
not
tou
c
h
the
se
nse
of
ca
re
to
prov
i
de
s
piritual
care
f
or
ca
nce
r
patie
nts.
T
herefo
re,
in
w
ound
care
t
rainin
g
sh
oul
d
be
a
dd
e
d wit
h
t
he pr
ovisi
on of
m
a
te
rial
o
n f
ulfill
ing
the
s
pirituali
ty
o
f
ca
nc
er
patie
nts in
term
inal con
diti
ons.
Wh
e
n
cance
r
be
com
es
par
t
of
the
j
our
ney
of
li
fe,
it
will
be
har
d
f
or
the
pa
ti
ent.
Pati
ents
diagnose
d
with
ad
va
nced
cancer
will
a
lso
aff
ect
their
i
m
m
ediat
e
fam
ily.
Most
patie
nts
li
vin
g
w
it
h
adv
a
nce
d
br
ea
s
t
cancer
li
ve wit
h
deat
h
th
reats because
of the m
al
ign
ancy o
f t
he
disease. M
any com
e to the
po
i
nt where c
ance
r
no
l
onge
r
res
ponds
to
unc
on
t
ro
ll
ed
treat
m
ent
an
d
disease
pro
gr
essi
on
[
16]
.
The
goal
of
thera
py
to
da
y
is
the
pro
vision
of
s
uppo
rt
an
d
redu
ct
ion
of
press
ure
f
or
the
patie
nt
to
a
rr
i
ve
at
death.
T
her
e
fore,
ca
ncer
sho
ul
d
be
unde
rstood
not
on
ly
as
a
phys
ic
al
illness,
but
it
req
uire
s
pati
ents
an
d
nu
rse
s
to
unde
rstan
d
the
m
eaning
of
li
fe
and relat
io
nships.
Sp
irit
ual
ca
re
i
s
one
of
t
he
tre
atm
ent
m
anag
e
m
ent
strat
egies
towa
rd
the
e
nd
of
li
fe
in
hos
pital
within
the
Nursin
g
I
nt
erv
e
ntion
Cl
a
ssific
at
ion
.
Ba
sed
on
a
re
view
of
existi
ng
researc
h,
e
ff
ec
ti
ve
sp
irit
ual
care
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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8806
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,
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,
Decem
ber
2018
:
268
–
273
272
necessa
ry
to
overc
om
e
ps
yc
holo
gical
pro
ble
m
s
su
ch
as
a
nxie
ty
,
stress,
or
de
pressi
on
a
nd
an
im
pact
on
the
acce
ptance
of
sic
kn
es
s
co
ndit
ion
s
with
the
em
erg
ence
of
ph
ysi
cal
probl
e
m
s
or
ot
her
sy
m
pto
m
s
of
br
eas
t
cancer
t
reatm
e
nt
ef
fects.
S
pi
ritual
in
vo
l
ve
m
ent
is
associ
at
ed
with
bett
er
patie
nt
well
bein
g,
le
ss
em
otion
al
distress,
less s
ubsta
nce
abuse,
gr
eat
er
s
ocial
s
upport,
b
et
t
er
hea
lt
h
be
ha
vio
r
s
, and
l
onge
r
s
urvi
val p
e
rio
ds
.
Ther
e
a
re
m
a
ny
stu
dies
tha
t
sh
ow
the
im
portance
of
spi
ritual
care
in
ho
s
pital
s,
as
well
as
the
eff
ect
ive
ness
of
the
assessm
ent
a
nd
ha
ndli
ng
of
s
piritual
pro
blem
s
on
be
tt
er
patie
nt
w
el
lbeing.
Re
li
gi
ou
s
patie
nts
te
nd
to
ha
ve
bette
r
ph
ysi
cal
healt
h
than
non
-
reli
gi
ou
s
im
m
un
e
fu
nctio
n
bette
r
in
m
or
e
than
50%
of
25
stu
dies;
endoc
rine
f
unct
ion
is
bette
r
in
alm
os
t
75%
of
31
stu
di
es;
bette
r
car
diovasc
ular
f
unct
ion
appr
oach
i
ng
70%
of
16
stu
dies;
Coro
nar
y
hear
t
disease
was
la
cki
ng
in
nea
rly
two
-
third
s
of
19
s
tud
ie
s;
lowe
red
blood
pr
ess
ure
in
nea
rly
60
%
of
63
stud
ie
s;
le
ss
cancer
or
bette
r
pro
gnos
is
in
m
or
e
tha
n
half
of
25
stud
ie
s,
a
nd
overall
great
er
longevity
in
68%
of
the
121
stu
dies,
incl
ud
i
ng
m
or
e
th
an
75%
of
th
e
m
o
st
rig
orously
design
e
d
stu
dies
[
17]
.
Re
search
s
hows
that
w
he
n
sp
irit
ual n
ee
ds
are
not
ad
dressed
in
m
edical
care,
this n
ot only
r
e
du
ce
s the
qual
it
y of
li
fe a
nd
pa
ti
ent sati
sfacti
on w
it
h ca
re,
but also i
ncr
ea
s
es two o
r
t
hr
ee
tim
es
the cost
of
heal
th care
to
w
ar
ds t
he
e
nd of life
[12]
,
[17]
,
[18]
,
[
19]
.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Sp
irit
ual
ca
re
i
s
the
ri
ght
sup
portive
t
her
a
py
to
pr
ov
i
de
s
upport
an
d
re
du
c
e
pr
e
ssure for
patie
nts u
ntil
they
reach
deat
h.
Dr.
Wah
i
din
Sudir
ohuso
do
as
a
hos
pital
that
runs
a
palli
at
ive
care
pro
gra
m
(p
al
li
at
ive
care
)
has
facil
it
at
ed
the
pr
ov
isi
on
of
sp
i
ritual
car
e
in
th
e
treat
m
ent
room
coo
pe
rated
with
cl
erg
y.
As
a
pl
ace
t
o
pro
vid
e
healt
h
ser
vices
f
or
a
dv
a
nce
d
ca
nce
r
patie
nts
,
the
hosp
it
al
is
ex
pected
t
o
provi
de
nur
ses
who
ar
e
com
petent for spirit
ual c
a
re t
o be a
ble to m
eet
the s
piritual
needs
of
patie
nt
s tow
a
rds the
end of li
fe.
Ba
sed on a s
urvey o
f
s
piritual
care
nurses'
com
petence in
th
e Lonta
ra
2 o
f On
c
ology
Dea
pr
tm
ent, it
was fo
und t
hat
there
wer
e
h
al
f
of the
nurses
work
i
ng in
the
room
w
ho
had
low
s
piritual
c
are c
om
petencies.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
it
is n
ecessa
ry to
incr
ease
the
co
m
petence o
f n
ur
ses
to
sp
i
ritu
al
care in m
eeti
ng the
sp
irit
ua
l nee
ds
of p
at
ie
nts
wit
h
a
dv
a
nce
d br
e
ast
cancer i
n h
os
pital
s. The
e
xistence
of trai
ning ca
n be a
n al
te
rn
at
ive
for nurses
to im
pr
ov
e
sp
i
r
it
ual care in
ho
sp
it
al
s.
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NCE
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str
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r
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isea
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at
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duce
d
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st
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anc
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a
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t
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if
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Descripti
on
of
Nurse’s
Spiri
tu
al C
ar
e
Co
m
pe
te
ncies to
Pati
ent
wi
th E
nd
Sta
ge
Bre
as
t
…
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it
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i
at
iv
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Care
P
rofe
ss
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Inne
r
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The
Relat
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hi
psam
ong
Aw
are
ness,
Self
-
Care
and
Com
passion
Sati
sfac
t
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a
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d
Fati
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,
Burn
Out,
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Copin
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Dea
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jp
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