Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
V
o
l.4
,
No
.3
, Sep
t
em
b
e
r
20
15, pp
. 180
~183
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
1
80
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
Sex, Fri
e
nds and Bullying Amon
g Adolescents
Erni
Gustina, Ma
rsia
na
Wibo
wo
Department o
f
P
ublic Health, Ahmad Da
hlan
University
, Yog
y
ak
arta, Indon
esia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
J
u
n 29, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Au
g
20
, 20
15
Accepted Aug 22, 2015
Bully
i
ng is a common
problem among a
dolescents in the world. Bully
i
n
g
gives serious
lon
g
-term eff
ects o
n
mental
and
ph
y
s
ical health
. Several studies
found that ad
olescen
t invo
lv
ement in
bully
ing
was related with
maladjustment f
o
r both male and female.
Male ar
e more involved in ph
y
s
ical
and verbal bullying, whereas gir
l
s are
m
o
re invo
lved in r
e
la
tiona
l bull
y
in
g
.
Having a lot of
friends can protect ad
o
l
escents
from bully
ing b
e
havior
and
re
duc
e
t
h
e
i
r vulne
ra
bil
i
t
y
t
o
be
a
bul
ly
i
ng vic
tim.
T
h
e
purpose
of t
h
i
s
st
udy
was to know th
e relationship b
e
tween
sex and
the number of friends with
bully
ing among adolescents in Junior hi
gh School at Yog
y
akar
ta city
. This
stud
y
w
a
s an
o
b
servation
a
l
ana
l
ytic
st
ud
y
with
cross sectional
design.
The
s
a
m
p
les
of the s
t
ud
y
were
adol
es
cent a
g
ed 13-
15
y
e
ars in five junior high
schools. Th
e instrument of th
e stu
d
y
wa
s
a questio
nnaire. Data wer
e
an
aly
z
ed
using chi squar
e
test. Ther
e wer
e
250 ado
l
escen
t involv
e
d in
the stud
y
.
Th
e
highest bully
ing
inciden
ce was
77.27%
and th
e lowest was 22.73%. Both of
them were ver
b
al bully
ing. B
i
variat
an
aly
s
is showed relationship was
between sex and
bully
ing (p= 0.03; PR
= 0.74) and there was no
relationship
between th
e nu
mber of friends and bully
ing (p
= 0.23; PR= 1.2
6
). It can b
e
conclud
e
d that
there was relations
hip between
sex and bully
ing among
adolescents but there was no relations
hip b
e
tween number of f
r
iends and
bully
ing among
adolescents. S
c
hool s
hould concern strict r
u
les again
t
bully
ing b
e
hav
i
o
r
to minimize
th
e occu
rren
c
e of
bully
ing b
e
hav
i
o
r
at school.
Keyword:
Adolesce
nts
Bu
llyin
g
Friends
Sex
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Ern
i
Gu
stin
a,
Facu
lty of Public Health
,
Uni
v
ersitas A
h
m
a
d
Da
hlan,
Jl
.
Pr
of
. Dr
S
o
epom
o
Ja
nt
ura
n
Yo
gy
aka
r
t
a
55
1
6
4
,
In
d
one
si
a.
Em
a
il: ern
i
.gu
s
tin
a@ik
m
.
u
a
d
.
ac.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
B
u
l
l
y
i
ng i
s
an
agg
r
essi
ve be
havi
or t
y
pe
o
f
pr
oact
i
v
e
fo
r
m
cont
ai
ni
n
g
t
h
ere as
pect
s
of i
n
t
e
nt
t
o
dom
i
n
at
e, hu
rt
, or
get
ri
d
of
,
an im
bal
a
nce
of p
o
w
er
, an
d d
o
n
e
re
peat
edl
y
by
one
o
r
seve
ral
ad
ol
escent
s
agai
nst
a
n
ot
he
r ad
ol
esce
nt
s
bot
h
psy
c
h
o
l
o
gi
cal
l
y
, ver
b
al
l
y
or
phy
si
cal
l
y
[1]
-
[
3]
. T
h
e
r
e are m
a
ny
t
ypes
of
bul
l
y
i
ng:
s
p
rea
d
i
n
g r
u
m
o
rs a
n
d
say
i
ng
ba
d
t
h
i
n
gs, t
a
ki
n
g
t
h
e bel
o
n
g
i
n
g
s
of
ot
hers
an
d
vi
ct
im
s of p
h
y
s
i
cal
vi
ol
ence
, e
x
cl
u
d
i
n
g
fr
om
so
cial in
teractio
n [4
].
The w
o
rl
dwi
d
e
preval
e
n
ce o
f
bul
l
y
i
ng
vari
es
from
9% t
o
54% am
ong ad
o
l
escent
s
. A
dol
e
s
cent
s
w
h
o
rep
o
rt
e
d
i
n
t
i
m
idat
e ot
hers
an
d i
n
t
i
m
i
d
at
ed by
ot
hers
(
bul
l
y
-vi
c
t
i
m
)
app
r
oxi
m
a
t
e
l
y
4-6
%
[
5
]
-
[
6
]
.
As
m
a
ny
as
1
0
-2
0
%
o
f
ch
ild
ren
and
ado
l
escen
ts are often
in
vo
lved
in
bu
llyin
g
,
eith
er
as b
u
llies, v
i
ctim
s
o
r
b
o
t
h
,
and
bo
ys
are
oft
e
n
m
o
re i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
t
h
an
gi
rl
s.
Y
o
u
nge
r a
d
ol
es
cents are
m
o
re
likely to be t
h
e
victim
s than
olde
r
adol
esce
nt
s
[7
]
.
St
udy
sh
o
w
s t
h
at
o
u
t
of
3
7
8
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
as
su
bje
c
t
,
53
.2
% we
re
neve
r
i
n
t
i
m
i
dat
e
, 46
.8%
o
f
ch
ild
ren
sh
owed
th
ey h
a
d
b
e
en
bu
llied
du
ri
ng
th
e schoo
l day, 2
2
.
8
%
to
be b
o
t
h
e
red
as m
u
ch
as 2
ti
mes an
d
2
4
.1% th
ree times o
r
m
o
re.
As m
a
n
y
as 2
0
.1
%
o
f
bo
ys
rep
o
rted
b
e
ing
bu
llied
as m
u
ch
as fiv
e
tim
es
o
r
m
o
re
and
8.
2% f
o
r adol
esce
nt
gi
rl
s. B
o
y
s
are m
o
re i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
in physical and verbal
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng, w
h
e
r
eas gi
r
l
s are
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
S
ex, Friend
s an
d
Bu
llyin
g
Among
Ado
l
escen
ts
(Ern
i Gu
stin
a
)
18
1
m
o
re in
vo
lv
ed in
relation
a
l
b
u
llyin
g [8
].
Of t
h
e
1
0
6
cases,
2
8
.6
% of ado
l
escen
t are v
i
cti
m
s o
f
ph
ysical
ag
gr
essi
o
n
(p
un
ch
es an
d k
i
c
k
s),
whereas
76
(20.5%
) are
vi
ctim
s of the
f
t [9].
Bu
llyin
g
prov
i
d
es
an
im
pact on t
h
e lives of
the children a
n
d th
eir life is reflected in a
d
ulthood [10].
St
udi
es ha
ve f
o
u
n
d
an assoc
i
at
i
on bet
w
ee
n
i
nvol
vem
e
nt
in b
u
l
l
y
i
ng and
m
a
l
a
djust
m
ent
of bot
h boy
s
and
girls.
In a
d
olescent girls
,
there was a
strong c
o
rr
elation
b
e
t
w
een
bullyin
g
v
i
cti
m
s
an
d
su
icid
e, wh
ile
adol
esce
nt
boy
s w
h
o a
r
e
vi
ct
i
m
s of b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
st
ro
ngl
y
were
associ
at
ed
wi
t
h
psy
c
h
o
s
o
ci
al
ad
j
u
st
m
e
nt
pr
obl
em
s
[7
].
Ind
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
facto
r
s such
as p
e
rson
ality also
h
a
s an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ro
le i
n
b
u
llyin
g , su
ch as sh
yn
ess, lack
of
self-co
n
t
ro
l, sen
i
ority, an
d
th
e exp
e
rien
ce o
f
bu
llyin
g
in
th
e p
a
st [11]. Hav
i
ng
a lo
t o
f
friend
s
will b
e
negatively rela
ted to violence
either be bulli
es, vict
i
m
s or bully-victi
m
.
Adolesce
nts who
becam
e bullies tend
to be
s
o
cially isolated
[8].
B
u
l
l
y
i
ng i
n
t
h
e
l
i
v
es o
f
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n a
nd a
d
ol
esc
e
nt
s can
co
nt
ri
but
e t
o
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
opm
ent
of
p
h
y
s
i
cal
and
e
m
o
tio
n
a
l p
r
ob
lem
s
, esp
eci
ally s
t
ress an
d
th
e risk
of decrease
d
self-esteem
,
anxi
et
y
and depr
essi
o
n
,
u
n
h
a
p
p
i
n
e
ss an
d in m
o
re sev
e
re cases lead
t
o
su
icid
e
[12
]
. St
u
d
i
es su
gg
est th
at
bu
llies sp
end
m
o
re t
i
m
e
at
h
o
m
e with
ou
t ad
u
lt sup
e
rv
isi
o
n. Bu
llies are also
in
a h
i
gher lev
e
l o
f
risk
to
b
e
invo
lved
in
crim
e, al
co
ho
l
abu
s
e, sm
oki
n
g
, c
h
eat
i
ng
d
u
r
i
ng e
x
am
s, bri
ngi
ng
wea
p
o
n
s
t
o
sch
ool
an
d
d
e
lin
qu
en
cy, wh
ile th
e v
i
cti
m
s were
i
n
a
hi
g
h
er
l
e
v
e
l
of
ri
s
k
fo
r e
xpe
ri
enci
ng
de
pressi
o
n
a
n
d
l
o
w
sel
f
-est
eem
i
n
a
d
ul
t
h
o
o
d
[
3
]
,
[
10]
.
The
p
u
r
p
ose
of t
h
i
s
st
u
d
y
was t
o
k
n
o
w t
h
e rel
a
t
i
o
n
s
hi
p
bet
w
een se
x
and t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er of
fri
e
nds
wi
t
h
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng
am
ong
adol
esce
nt
s i
n
Juni
or
hi
gh
Sc
ho
ol
at
Yo
gy
a
k
art
a
ci
t
y
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
Th
is stud
y was o
b
serv
ation
a
l an
alytic stu
d
y
u
s
in
g
cro
ss
sectio
n
a
l stud
y d
e
sign
. Sam
p
le th
is stu
d
y
were
2
5
0
a
d
o
l
escent
s
a
g
ed
13
-
1
5
y
ears i
n
fi
ve
j
uni
or
hi
g
h
sc
h
ool
s
at
Yo
gy
a
k
art
a
ci
t
y
. The
sa
m
p
li
ng
t
echni
q
u
e
used
sim
p
l
e
rand
o
m
sam
p
l
i
ng. The dat
a
u
s
ed i
n
t
h
i
s
st
u
d
y
w
e
re p
r
i
m
ary
dat
a
t
a
ken di
rect
l
y
from
t
h
e researc
h
s
u
b
j
ect
s. T
h
e i
n
st
r
u
m
e
nt
used i
n
t
h
i
s
st
ud
y
was a ques
t
i
onnai
r
e. Dat
a
anal
y
s
i
s
i
n
cl
ude
d
uni
vari
at
e,
bi
vari
at
e
use
d
C
h
i
-
S
qua
re t
e
st
. U
n
i
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
anal
y
s
i
s
em
pl
oy
ed
t
o
ex
pl
ai
n
or
de
sc
ri
be t
h
e
characte
r
istics of eac
h
variabl
e
. Bivariate analysis was
co
n
duct
e
d t
o
det
e
r
m
i
n
e t
h
e rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p bet
w
ee
n sex
,
num
ber
of
f
r
i
e
nds
a
n
d
b
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
.
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
3.
1.
Descripti
v
e Analysis
Resu
lts o
f
un
iv
ariate an
alysi
s
ar
e s
h
o
w
n i
n
Tabl
e 1
.
Ta
bl
e 1 s
h
o
w
s t
h
at
base
d o
n
se
x
m
o
st
ly
were
m
a
l
e
s i
n
t
h
e a
m
ount
of
1
2
6
(
5
0
.
4
%
).
B
a
sed
on
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er of
fri
e
n
d
s
t
h
e
r
e
were
ad
ol
esce
nt
s w
h
o
have
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
m
o
re than t
h
re
e we
re
22
0
(
8
8
%
). Base
d
o
n
t
h
e status
of
bullying found a
subject t
h
at oft
e
n e
xpe
rience
d we
re
11
6 (
4
6
.
4%
).
Tab
e
l
1
.
Fr
eq
uen
c
y d
i
str
i
b
u
t
i
o
n of
sex
,
nu
mb
er of
f
r
i
end
s
an
d bu
llyin
g
Variable Amount
Presentage
(%)
Se
x
Fe
ma
le
Ma
le
124
126
49.6
50.4
Number of frien
ds
< 3
≥
3
Bully
i
ng
Often
Rarely
30
220
116
134
12
88
46.4
53.6
Tabl
e
2 s
h
o
w
s t
h
at
bul
l
y
i
n
g
hap
p
e
n
ed
i
n
al
l
sc
ho
ol
s
st
udi
e
d
by
t
h
i
s
res
earc
h
wi
t
h
vari
ous
perce
n
t
a
ges
.
T
h
e
hi
g
h
est
i
n
ci
dence
o
f
b
u
l
l
y
ing
at
sc
ho
ol
w
a
s as m
u
ch as
77
.2
7%
an
d t
h
e l
o
we
st
was
2
2
.
7
3
%
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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-88
06
I
J
PH
S Vo
l. 4
,
N
o
. 3
,
Sep
t
emb
e
r
201
5
:
1
80
–
18
3
18
2
Tabel
2. B
u
l
l
y
i
n
g
f
r
eq
ue
ncy
d
i
st
ri
but
i
o
n at
s
c
ho
ol
s
base
d
o
n
i
t
e
m
bul
l
y
i
n
g
School
Code
I
t
em
bully
ing
Physic
Verbal
Social
Often Rarely Often
Rarely
Often
Rarely
A
27
45.
76
32
54.
24
23
38.
98
36
61.
02
15
25.
42
44
74.
58
B
27
57.
45
20
42.
55
25
53.
19
22
46.
81
26
55.
32
21
44.
68
C
15
68.
18
7 31.
82
17
77.
27
5 22.
73
15
68.
18
7
31.
82
D
21
32.
31
44
67.
69
20
30.
77
45
69.
23
25
38.
46
40
61.
54
E
33
57.
89
24
42.
11
31
54.
39
26
45.
61
25
43.
86
32
56.
54
3.
2.
B
i
vari
a
te An
a
l
ysi
s
B
i
vari
at
e anal
y
s
i
s
aim
s
t
o
d
e
t
e
rm
i
n
e t
h
e r
e
l
a
t
i
onshi
p bet
w
een se
x
,
n
u
m
ber of f
r
i
e
n
d
and
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng.
Th
e statistical test em
p
l
o
y
ed
Ch
i-sq
u
a
re test
. Th
e resu
lts
o
f
th
e test
p
r
esented
in
Tab
l
e
3
.
Tabel
3. T
h
e
re
l
a
t
i
onshi
p
bet
w
een se
x,
n
u
m
b
er
of
fri
e
n
d
an
d
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng am
on
g a
d
ol
escent
s
Variable
Bullying
p
RP CI95%
Often Rarely
Sex
Fe
m
a
le
Male
49
67
39.
52
53.
17
75
59
60.
48
46.
83
0.
03
0.
74
0.
56-
0.
98
Nu
m
b
er
of Fr
iends
<3
≥
3
17
99
56.
67
45.
00
13
121
43.
33
55.
00
0.
23
1.
26
0.
89-
1.
78
Tabl
e
3 s
h
ows
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s rel
a
t
i
o
nshi
p
bet
w
ee
n
sex
an
d bu
llyin
g (p = 0.03)
,
bu
t th
er
e w
a
s
no
r
e
latio
n
s
h
i
p b
e
tw
een
nu
m
b
er
o
f
fr
iend
s an
d
b
u
llyin
g (p
= 0.23
).
4.
DIS
C
USSI
ON
Based
o
n
th
e resu
lts of
un
iv
ar
iate an
alysis,
o
f
250
r
e
spon
den
t
s th
er
e
w
e
r
e
11
6 (46
.
4
%
) stu
d
e
n
t
s
who
ofte
n becam
e
victim
s of bullying. Researc
h
showed th
a
n
378 adolesce
nts, 46.8%
of a
d
olescents ha
ve
bee
n
b
u
llied
during
th
e scho
o
l
d
a
y, 2
2
.
8
% h
a
ssl
ed
as m
u
ch
as two
ti
m
e
s an
d
2
4
.1
%
b
u
llied th
ree ti
m
e
s o
r
m
o
re
[8]
.
T
he pre
v
alence of
bull
y
ing be
havi
or a
m
ong school
-age
d was 53.4%
. The pre
v
alence of bullying
b
e
h
a
v
i
or was v
a
ries, 1
7
.7
% as
bu
llies, 1
9
.8
%
as v
i
ct
i
m
s, and
15
.8
% as bu
lly-v
ictim
s.
Verb
al i
n
timi
d
atio
n
(1
2.
4
8
%)
, i
n
cl
udi
ng s
p
rea
d
i
n
g rum
o
rs (
1
2.
2
%
), was t
h
e m
o
st
com
m
on t
ype o
f
vi
ct
im
s, fol
l
o
we
d by
a r
e
ject
ed
fr
om
gro
up
(
1
0
.
4
%
)
[1
3]
.
B
a
sed o
n
a s
t
udy
o
f
1,
23
0
sch
ool
s
h
ow
ed t
h
e
pre
v
al
ence o
f
vi
ct
i
m
s and
per
p
et
rat
o
rs o
f
bul
l
y
i
n
g
wa
s 1
0
.
2
%
a
n
d 7.
1%
[
14]
.
Fr
o
m
o
f
th
e 25
0
r
e
sp
ond
en
t, it co
u
l
d
ob
ser
v
e t
h
at 12
6
(5
0.4%)
r
e
spond
en
ts
w
e
r
e
m
a
le stu
d
e
n
t
s.
Tabl
e 3 sh
owe
d
t
h
ere was rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p sex
wi
t
h
a vi
ct
im
of b
u
l
l
y
i
ng (
p
= 0.0
3
;
PR
=
0.
74
, 9
5
% C
I
= 0.5
6
-
0
.
9
8
). B
o
ys were fo
und
invo
lv
ed
i
n
b
u
llyin
g as bu
llies an
d
v
i
cti
m
s
m
o
re often
th
an
fem
a
l
e
ado
l
escen
ts.
Bo
ys
m
o
re o
f
ten
invo
lv
ed
as bu
llies o
r
v
i
cti
m
s in
p
h
y
sically ag
gressiv
e
b
e
hav
i
o
r
. In
con
t
rast, g
i
rls are m
o
re lik
ely
to
eng
a
g
e
in
v
e
rb
al and
relation
a
l aggre
ssion
as bu
llies or
v
i
cti
m
s [1
5
]-[18
].
Based
o
n
th
e
resu
lts of th
e b
i
v
a
riate an
alysis, it can
be
fo
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
e
w
a
s n
o
rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
bet
w
ee
n
t
h
e num
ber o
f
fri
en
ds a
nd
bul
l
y
i
ng (p = 0
.
2
3
:
PR
= 1.26:
9
5
% C
I
= 0.
8
9
-
1
.
7
8
)
. T
h
i
s
can
occu
r beca
use
t
h
ere
are m
o
re stud
en
ts h
a
v
i
ng
frien
d
s
th
an
three th
an
t
h
e
studen
t
s h
a
v
i
ng
f
r
i
en
ds less th
a
n
three.
It m
eans that
havi
ng
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
i
n
l
a
r
g
e
num
bers ca
n
pr
ot
ect
s
t
ude
nt
s f
r
o
m
bul
l
y
i
ng.
Friend
sh
ip
quality
can
co
n
t
rib
u
t
e to
red
u
c
e ad
o
l
escen
t
to
b
e
v
i
ctim
s
o
f
bu
llyin
g. Friend
sh
i
p
can
pr
ot
ect
ad
ol
esc
e
nt
s fr
om
bul
l
y
i
ng be
ha
vi
o
r
and i
m
pro
v
e t
h
ei
r psy
c
h
o
s
o
ci
al
adj
u
st
m
e
nt
, so i
t
can re
d
u
c
e
t
h
ei
r
vul
nera
bility to bec
o
m
e
victim
s
of bullying. Friend
s
who
act as advoc
ates on
a
dolesce
nts who
bullied can
pr
o
v
i
d
e
bot
h e
m
oti
onal
an
d i
n
st
r
u
m
e
nt
al
supp
o
r
t
.
Fri
e
nd
s
wh
o act
as a
d
vocat
es
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
serve t
o
pr
ovi
de
co
m
f
o
r
t and
sup
port to
v
i
cti
m
s of
b
u
llyin
g,
bu
t also to
p
r
ev
en
t acts
o
f
i
n
timid
atio
n
no
t to occu
r [1
9
]
.
Th
e
qu
ality an
d
q
u
a
n
tity o
f
frien
d
s
h
i
p can pro
t
ect teen
s
no
t
to
b
e
co
m
e
a v
i
cti
m
. Hav
e
a lot o
f
friend
s
who
can
g
i
v
e
a po
sitiv
e
v
a
lu
e
so
t
h
at teen
s hav
e
so
cial sk
ills and
req
u
i
re teen
s t
o
th
i
n
k
of
o
t
h
e
rs.
On
the o
t
h
e
r
han
d
a
n
t
i
s
oci
a
l
ad
ol
escent
s
e
x
hi
bi
t
ag
g
r
essi
v
e
be
havi
or
t
o
w
a
rds
ot
hers
[
1
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
S
ex, Friend
s an
d
Bu
llyin
g
Among
Ado
l
escen
ts
(Ern
i Gu
stin
a
)
18
3
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
There
was
rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
bet
w
e
e
n se
x a
nd
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng,
b
u
t
t
h
ere
was
no
rel
a
t
i
o
nshi
p
bet
w
ee
n
t
h
e n
u
m
b
er
of
f
r
i
e
n
d
s a
n
d
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng.
T
o
re
duce
t
h
e
i
n
ci
de
nce
of
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng i
n
sc
h
ool
s
t
h
e
r
e s
h
o
u
l
d
be
sch
o
o
l
-
base
d
in
terv
en
tion
for stud
en
ts
who
ex
p
e
rien
ce
b
u
llyin
g an
d th
ey m
u
st report to
t
h
e schoo
l to immed
i
a
t
ely g
e
t
treatm
e
nt from school, and c
o
ura
g
e to
face
all bullying. Schools should
c
once
r
n strict rule
s against
bullying
beha
vi
o
r
t
o
m
i
ni
m
i
ze t
h
e occ
u
r
r
ence
o
f
b
u
l
l
y
i
ng
beha
vi
o
r
i
n
sc
h
ool
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
The a
u
t
h
or
wo
ul
d l
i
k
e t
o
t
h
a
nk t
h
e p
r
i
n
ci
p
a
l
s
and
j
uni
or
hi
g
h
sc
ho
ol
st
ude
nt
s i
n
Y
o
g
y
a
kart
a w
h
o
were inv
o
l
v
e
d
in
th
is st
u
d
y
.
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e
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el, T
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ender di
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i
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e
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l bu
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