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8
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.
I
n
Sa
u
d
i
A
r
ab
ia,
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
h
as
i
n
f
ec
ted
ca
ter
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
v
en
d
o
r
s
,
a
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
to
1
.
2
6
%
o
f
th
e
1
0
0
0
ca
ter
in
g
f
o
o
d
s
eller
s
[
1
2
]
.
B
esid
es,
m
a
n
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
illn
ess
is
s
til
l
a
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia;
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
OM
(
2
0
1
0
)
,
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
2
0
0
1
-
2
0
0
9
p
er
io
d
s
,
1
,
1
0
1
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
o
f
f
o
o
d
p
o
is
o
n
in
g
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
I
n
2
0
1
5
d
ata
o
n
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
,
th
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
o
o
d
th
at
ca
u
s
ed
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
o
f
f
o
o
d
p
o
is
o
n
i
n
g
i
n
2
0
1
5
w
er
e
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
co
o
k
in
g
as
2
5
in
cid
en
ts
(
4
0
.
9
8
%),
s
n
ac
k
f
o
o
d
as
m
a
n
y
a
s
1
4
ev
en
ts
(
2
2
.
9
5
%),
f
o
o
d
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
er
v
ices a
s
m
a
n
y
a
s
1
3
in
cid
en
ce
s
(
2
1
.
3
1
%),
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
f
o
o
d
as
m
an
y
as
n
i
n
e
ev
e
n
ts
(
1
4
.
7
5
%)
[
1
3
]
.
L
i
f
est
y
le
a
n
d
h
u
m
a
n
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
r
ac
tices
h
a
v
e
c
h
a
n
g
ed
,
th
e
te
n
d
en
c
y
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
m
ea
ls
at
h
o
m
e
h
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
,
an
d
f
o
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
h
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
ed
f
o
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
h
o
m
e
s
,
r
esta
u
r
an
t
s
,
an
d
o
t
h
er
ea
tin
g
estab
li
s
h
m
e
n
t
s
p
la
y
s
a
r
o
le
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
es
[
1
4
]
.
Fo
o
d
s
th
at
ar
e
co
o
k
ed
o
n
a
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
er
ch
an
ce
o
f
b
ei
n
g
co
n
ta
m
i
n
ated
.
Fo
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
e
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
s
d
u
e
to
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
b
y
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
ar
e
est
i
m
at
ed
to
b
e
1
0
t
o
2
0
%.
No
t
p
ay
i
n
g
atten
tio
n
to
f
o
o
d
h
y
g
ie
n
e
allo
w
s
p
at
h
o
g
e
n
s
to
co
n
tact
f
o
o
d
,
s
u
r
v
iv
e,
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
an
d
i
m
p
ac
t c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
3
]
.
H
y
g
ien
e
f
o
o
d
s
an
itat
io
n
is
an
ef
f
o
r
t
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
o
d
f
ac
to
r
s
,
p
eo
p
le,
p
lace
s
,
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t,
ca
u
s
i
n
g
illn
e
s
s
o
r
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
n
g
o
o
d
f
o
o
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
s
ev
er
al
s
a
n
itat
io
n
h
y
g
ie
n
e
f
ac
to
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
w
as
h
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
s
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
tact
w
it
h
f
o
o
d
an
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
w
it
h
clea
n
w
a
t
er
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
af
f
ec
t
a
n
d
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
d
iar
r
h
ea
d
is
ea
s
e
[
13
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
all
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ac
ti
v
iti
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
tecte
d
f
r
o
m
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
w
it
h
th
e
b
o
d
y
.
Fo
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
ca
n
m
a
k
e
s
o
m
e
e
f
f
o
r
ts
to
av
o
id
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
b
y
w
ea
r
i
n
g
clea
n
clo
t
h
es,
u
s
i
n
g
d
is
p
o
s
ab
le
g
lo
v
e
s
,
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
to
n
g
s
w
h
en
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
[
1
6
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
tep
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
r
e
m
ai
n
s
g
o
o
d
b
y
s
to
r
in
g
f
o
o
d
s
t
u
f
f
s
i
n
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
lace
b
ec
a
u
s
e
co
n
ta
m
in
at
io
n
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
tai
n
er
s
an
d
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
t
h
at
lea
v
e
f
o
o
d
at
r
o
o
m
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
e
in
cid
en
ce
o
cc
u
r
w
h
en
clea
n
in
g
cu
t
l
er
y
,
i
n
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
w
it
h
s
to
r
ag
e
ti
m
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
,
a
n
d
in
ad
eq
u
ate
p
er
s
o
n
al
h
y
g
ien
e
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
E
f
f
o
r
ts
to
m
a
in
tai
n
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
to
s
ta
y
g
o
o
d
ca
n
also
b
e
m
ad
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ca
n
b
e
an
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tices o
f
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
i
n
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
an
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
ab
o
u
t
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
,
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
t
h
eo
r
ie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
th
e
H
ea
lth
B
elie
f
Mo
d
el,
w
h
er
e
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
w
i
ll
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
ev
en
ti
v
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
eir
d
esire
to
a
v
o
id
d
is
ea
s
e
(
o
r
i
f
s
ick
,
r
ec
o
v
er
)
an
d
th
e
b
elief
th
a
t
ce
r
tai
n
h
ea
lt
h
m
ea
s
u
r
es
w
ill
p
r
ev
en
t
(
i
m
p
r
o
v
e)
d
is
ea
s
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
22
]
,
[
2
3
]
th
e
KA
P
m
o
d
el,
w
h
ich
a
s
s
u
m
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
r
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
o
n
th
eir
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
(
K)
an
d
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
ill
d
ir
ec
tl
y
lead
to
a
ch
an
g
e
i
n
attitu
d
e
(
A
)
a
n
d
,
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
a
c
h
an
g
e
in
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
r
p
r
ac
tice
(
P
)
[
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
an
d
p
lan
n
ed
b
eh
av
io
r
t
h
eo
r
y
(
P
B
T
)
w
h
ic
h
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
i
n
te
n
tio
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
ce
r
tain
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t
s
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
l
er
b
eh
av
io
r
[4
]
-
[
6
]
,
[
25
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
en
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
attit
u
d
es,
a
n
d
h
y
g
ie
n
e
p
r
ac
tice
in
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
,
w
h
ic
h
i
m
p
ac
t
f
o
o
d
h
y
g
ie
n
e.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ma
y
w
ati,
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
s
tr
ee
t
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
[
2
8
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
r
esear
c
h
er
f
r
o
m
H
is
k
ia
et
a
l.
s
tated
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
a
n
d
P
r
ac
tice
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
o
d
s
n
ac
k
p
la
y
er
s
'
h
y
g
ie
n
e
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
s
n
ac
k
m
ar
k
et
in
Ko
ta
m
o
b
ag
u
cit
y
[
2
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
l
ev
el
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
attitu
d
es,
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
i
n
m
ain
tain
in
g
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
ev
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
es
a
s
y
s
te
m
atic
r
e
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
ite
m
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
ev
ie
w
a
n
d
m
e
ta
an
al
y
ze
s
(
P
R
I
SM
A
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
3
0
]
,
t
o
id
en
tify
r
ele
v
a
n
t
r
esear
ch
ar
ticles
a
n
d
in
cl
u
d
e
s
o
cio
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
at
tit
u
d
e,
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
(
KA
P
)
v
ar
iab
les o
f
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I
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I
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2
,
J
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20
21
:
336
–
347
338
E
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l
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v
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t
h
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o
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p
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s
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e,
an
d
ar
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ll
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te
x
t
ar
ticles.
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h
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clu
s
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o
f
t
h
is
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e
v
ie
w
ar
e
q
u
alitati
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ch
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th
er
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s
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d
liter
at
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ca
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ticles
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cr
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t
h
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t
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n
in
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id
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ted
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ase
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clu
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;
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ased
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ased
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ased
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
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O
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1
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Art
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ased
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d
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ar
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u
ip
m
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[
3
2
]
.
T
h
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esear
ch
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n
li
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w
it
h
K
u
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d
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'
ac
tio
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i
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a
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d
lin
g
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d
[
3
8
]
.
A
cc
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in
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to
R
a
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So
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h
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a
s
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t
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ig
n
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tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t t
h
e
q
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alit
y
o
f
th
e
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o
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d
[
3
9
]
.
I
n
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
2
5
% o
f
th
e
co
d
e
is
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i
g
n
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f
ica
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t (
co
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.
T
h
e
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ticle
b
y
Su
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a
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et
a
l.
s
aid
th
at
ex
p
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ce
d
id
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o
t
af
f
ec
t
f
o
o
d
q
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alit
y
a
n
d
s
af
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[
3
1
]
.
I
n
th
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ar
ticle,
A
la
m
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t
a
l.
ex
p
lain
e
d
th
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g
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ain
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[
3
6
]
.
I
n
A
za
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ce
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s
a
f
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lin
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ac
tices
[
3
5
]
.
I
n
th
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s
t
u
d
y
,
f
o
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p
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o
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p
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o
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s
af
et
y
tr
ain
i
n
g
(
p
=0
.
0
3
3
)
[
3
3
]
,
[
35]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
s
tu
d
ie
s
in
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
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t
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r
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On
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3
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A
la
m
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t
a
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w
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elate
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r
elate
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d
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cia
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)
[
3
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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NA
To
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(
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NA
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(
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,
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T
h
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u
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n
s si
g
n
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f
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c
a
n
t
5
9
.
3
8
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S
i
g
n
:
S
i
g
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f
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c
a
n
t
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A
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cc
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E
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ased
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a
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s
a
n
d
o
f
b
eh
av
i
n
g
an
d
ac
ti
n
g
[
4
0
]
.
So
it c
an
b
e
s
aid
th
at
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
ab
o
u
t
m
ai
n
tain
in
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f
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d
q
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alit
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s
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o
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e
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y
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f
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4
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[
3
4
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B
ased
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[
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t
h
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A
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A
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[4
]
,
[
46
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,
[
4
9
]
.
I
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B
r
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So
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[
3
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.
Ov
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all,
th
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F
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u
d
es
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tice
i
n
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
l
er
s
i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
f
o
o
d
q
u
ali
t
y
.
Sa
n
i
an
d
Sio
w
r
esear
c
h
co
n
clu
d
e
d
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
wee
n
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
ler
s
'
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tic
es
i
n
m
ain
tai
n
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
[
4
6
]
,
[
52
],
[
53]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
S
u
r
y
a
n
i
et
a
l.
,
Do
r
aliy
a
n
a
et
a
l.
,
as
w
e
ll
as
L
ee
et
a
l.
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
attit
u
d
es
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
in
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
q
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alit
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a
n
d
t
h
e
w
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y
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o
f
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
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in
tai
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f
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ie
n
e
w
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ll
i
n
cr
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it
h
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cr
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in
g
k
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led
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o
f
f
o
o
d
s
af
e
t
y
a
n
d
p
o
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iti
v
e
atti
t
u
d
es
ab
o
u
t
f
o
o
d
s
af
e
t
y
[
7
]
,
[
31
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
R
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Al
-
Sh
ab
ib
et
a
l.
an
d
Am
a
lia
et
a
l.
s
h
o
w
e
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
iti
v
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
attitu
d
es a
n
d
p
r
ac
tices o
f
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
i
n
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
9
]
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
r
aise
s
m
a
n
y
h
ea
lth
co
n
ce
r
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
g
ai
n
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
is
es
s
en
tia
l,
b
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
i
n
to
g
o
o
d
p
r
ac
tice
is
e
v
en
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
[
7
]
.
L
i
k
e
w
is
e,
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
r
estau
r
an
t
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
'
s
i
m
p
le
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
p
r
ac
tice
s
w
as
m
ir
r
o
r
ed
b
y
b
ac
ter
ia
'
s
p
r
esen
ce
i
n
th
e
f
o
o
d
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
s
a
f
e
f
o
o
d
ar
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
co
m
p
e
t
en
ce
[
5
3
]
.
Ma
n
y
o
b
s
tacle
s
a
n
d
f
ac
to
r
s
(
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
s
o
cial,
c
u
ltu
r
al,
b
elief
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
)
ca
n
in
f
l
u
en
ce
w
h
et
h
er
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
p
r
ac
tices
at
t
h
eir
w
o
r
k
p
lace
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
,
[
24
]
,
[
27
]
,
[
5
4
]
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
o
d
s
af
e
t
y
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e
ti
m
e,
co
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
j
o
b
d
u
ties
,
lac
k
o
f
u
n
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t/re
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
lack
o
f
m
an
ag
er
ial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
l
ac
k
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
/i
n
ce
n
t
iv
e
s
,
lack
o
f
r
e
m
in
d
er
s
,
o
r
lack
o
f
c
lar
it
y
i
n
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
m
ess
a
g
e
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
27
]
,
[
5
4
]
-
[
5
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
o
u
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
tr
ain
i
n
g
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
attit
u
d
es,
a
n
d
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
,
o
f
f
er
r
eg
u
lar
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
u
s
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
an
d
s
tr
ate
g
ies,
u
s
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
all
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
y
ar
e
n
e
w
co
m
er
s
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
an
d
ev
e
n
o
r
d
in
ar
y
o
r
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
w
a
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
C
u
n
h
a
et
a
l.
[
5
7
]
.
T
h
ey
ar
g
u
e
th
at
p
r
ac
tical
tr
ain
in
g
m
u
s
t
in
cl
u
d
e
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
f
o
o
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
k
il
ls
.
S
u
f
e
n
et
a
l.
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
tr
ain
i
n
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tailo
r
ed
to
s
u
it
m
an
a
g
er
s
an
d
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
ates
[
5
8
]
.
P
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
,
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
s
a
f
et
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
an
d
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
f
o
o
d
s
af
et
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
ess
e
n
tial
i
n
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
f
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
is
ea
s
es
[
5
9
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
m
o
s
t
s
t
u
d
ies,
t
h
e
th
r
ee
asp
e
cts
o
f
K
A
P
h
av
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
.
I
t
i
s
i
n
d
icati
n
g
t
h
at
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
f
o
o
d
h
an
d
ler
s
w
h
o
r
ec
eiv
e
s
af
et
y
tr
ain
in
g
h
av
e
a
h
i
g
h
er
ch
an
ce
th
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
d
o
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
ler
s
ar
e
tr
ain
ed
an
d
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
f
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o
d
aw
ar
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q
u
alit
y
.
T
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e
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ar
y
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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id
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ef
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f
u
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r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
Ku
su
m
a
w
a
rd
h
a
n
il
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
,
A
tt
it
u
d
e
s,
a
n
d
A
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
P
ro
p
e
r
Ha
n
d
W
a
sh
in
g
in
G
ra
d
e
1
a
n
d
2
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
t
S
DN
2
Ka
ra
n
g
lo
,
Kla
ten
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ke
b
i
d
a
n
a
n
d
a
n
Ke
se
h
a
t
an
T
ra
d
is
io
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
4
-
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
7
3
4
1
/
jk
k
t.
v
2
i1
.
2
3
.
[2
]
R
.
A
d
r
i
y
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
D
.
P
.
S
u
j
o
s
o
“
E
c
o
l
o
g
y
,
G
l
o
b
a
l
W
a
r
m
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
A
s
e
n
i
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
4
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
g
a
t
e
.
n
e
t
/
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
/
3
4
8
6
1
9
2
0
8
_
E
k
o
l
o
g
i
_
P
e
m
a
n
a
s
a
n
_
G
l
o
b
a
l
_
d
a
n
_
K
e
s
e
h
a
t
a
n
/
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
[3
]
R.
F
a
rib
a
,
J.
K.
G
h
o
lam
re
z
a
,
a
n
d
N.
S
a
h
a
rn
a
z
,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
,
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
lers
o
f
se
m
i
-
in
d
u
strial
c
a
terin
g
:
A
c
ro
ss
se
c
ti
o
n
a
l
st
u
d
y
a
t
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
tal
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
in
T
e
h
r
a
n
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
He
a
lt
h
S
c
ien
c
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
9
-
2
5
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/s
4
0
2
0
1
-
018
-
0
3
1
2
-
8.
[4
]
N.
A
.
A
b
d
u
l
-
M
u
tali
b
,
M
.
F
.
A
b
d
u
l
-
Ra
sh
i
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
u
sta
f
a
,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
re
g
a
rd
in
g
f
o
o
d
h
y
g
ien
e
a
n
d
sa
n
it
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
lers
i
n
Ku
a
la P
i
lah
,
M
a
lay
si
a
,
”
Fo
o
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
8
9
-
2
9
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,
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0
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2
,
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i:
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0
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0
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6
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.
f
o
o
d
c
o
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t.
2
0
1
2
.
0
4
.
0
0
1
.
[5
]
Nin
e
El
issa
M
a
h
a
ra
n
,
“
T
h
e
Hy
g
i
e
n
e
S
a
n
it
a
ti
o
n
Re
lati
o
n
s
h
ip
o
f
F
o
o
d
Ha
n
d
lers
W
it
h
T
h
e
Nu
m
b
e
r
G
e
r
m
o
f
F
o
o
d
S
n
a
c
k
in
A
b
o
u
t
S
M
A
3
W
o
n
o
g
ir
i
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ilmu
Ke
se
h
a
ta
n
M
a
sy
a
r
a
k
a
t
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
F
.
Ak
a
b
a
n
d
a
,
E.
H.
Hlo
rtsi
,
a
n
d
J.
Ow
u
su
-
K
w
a
rten
g
,
“
F
o
o
d
sa
f
e
t
y
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
o
f
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
a
l
f
o
o
d
-
h
a
n
d
lers
in
G
h
a
n
a
,
”
BM
C
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s1
2
8
8
9
-
0
1
6
-
3
9
8
6
-
9.
[7
]
H.
K.
L
e
e
,
H.
A
b
d
u
l
Ha
li
m
,
a
n
d
K.
L
.
T
h
o
n
g
,
“
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
o
o
d
sa
f
e
t
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
,
se
lf
-
re
p
o
r
ted
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s,
a
n
d
m
i
c
ro
b
io
l
o
g
ica
l
h
a
n
d
h
y
g
ien
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
lers
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
E
n
v
iro
n
me
n
ta
l
Res
e
rc
h
Pu
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
ij
e
rp
h
1
4
0
1
0
0
5
5
.
[8
]
L
.
S
.
S
o
a
re
s,
R.
C.
C.
A
l
m
e
id
a
,
a
n
d
E.
S
.
Ce
r
q
u
e
ira
,
“
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
,
a
tt
it
u
d
e
s
a
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s
in
f
o
o
d
sa
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
a
g
u
las
e
-
p
o
siti
v
e
st
a
p
h
y
lo
c
o
c
c
i
o
n
h
a
n
d
s
o
f
f
o
o
d
h
a
n
d
lers
in
t
h
e
sc
h
o
o
ls
o
f
Ca
m
a
ç
a
r
i,
Bra
z
il
,
”
Fo
o
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
-
2
1
3
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
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1
0
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6
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f
o
o
d
c
o
n
t
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
3
.
0
1
6
.
[9
]
M
.
M
.
Ca
m
in
o
F
e
lt
e
s,
A
.
P
.
A
risse
to
-
Bra
g
o
tt
o
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
Blo
c
k
,
“
F
o
o
d
q
u
a
li
ty
,
f
o
o
d
-
b
o
r
n
e
d
ise
a
se
s,
a
n
d
f
o
o
d
sa
fe
t
y
in
th
e
Bra
z
il
ian
f
o
o
d
i
n
d
u
stry
,
”
Fo
o
d
Q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
S
a
fety
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
2
7
,
2
0
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7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
9
3
/f
q
s/fy
x
0
0
3
.
[1
0
]
H.
A
.
Cra
d
d
o
c
k
,
E.
F
.
M
a
rin
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
G
ru
t
z
m
a
c
h
e
r
,
“
F
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
il
ln
e
ss
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
in
De
b
re
B
e
rh
a
n
,
Et
h
i
o
p
ia:
P
re
li
m
in
a
ry
e
ff
o
rts
to
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
h
o
u
se
h
o
l
d
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l
p
ra
c
ti
c
e
s,”
Af
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
F
o
o
d
,
Ag
ric
u
l
tu
re
,
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trit
i
o
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a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
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l.
2
0
,
n
o
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1
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p
p
.
1
5
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4
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0
4
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2
0
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8
6
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7
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a
n
d
.
8
9
.
1
7
8
1
0
.
[1
1
]
F
.
A
.
Niz
a
m
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hy
g
ien
e
in
re
sta
u
ra
n
ts
a
n
d
a
m
o
n
g
stre
e
t
f
o
o
d
v
e
n
d
o
rs
in
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
,
”
Ame
ri
c
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
T
ro
p
ica
l
M
e
d
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e
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n
d
Hy
g
ien
e
,
v
o
l.
1
0
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
6
–
5
7
5
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
2
6
9
/ajtm
h
.
1
8
-
0
8
9
6
.
[1
2
]
A
.
Ha
v
e
la
a
r
,
D.
G
r
a
c
e
,
a
n
d
F
.
Wu
,
“
F
o
o
d
b
o
r
n
e
d
ise
a
se
s
f
ro
m
d
a
ir
y
p
ro
d
u
c
ts
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s:
Ha
z
a
rd
s
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
2
0
1
9
.
[
On
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
c
g
sp
a
c
e
.
c
g
i
a
r.
o
rg
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a
n
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le/1
0
5
6
8
/
1
0
1
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2
4
.
[1
3
]
S
.
I.
T
rig
u
n
a
rso
,
“
S
a
n
it
a
t
io
n
Hy
g
ien
e
a
n
d
F
o
o
d
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
Be
h
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v
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w
it
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th
e
Nu
m
b
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f
Ge
r
m
s
o
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S
n
a
c
k
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s
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th
e
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c
h
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n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
/
Hy
g
ien
e
S
a
n
it
a
si d
a
n
Per
il
a
k
u
Pen
j
a
ma
h
M
a
k
a
n
a
n
d
e
n
g
a
n
A
n
g
k
a
K
u
ma
n
p
a
d
a
M
a
k
a
n
a
n
Ja
ja
n
a
n
d
i
L
in
g
k
u
n
g
a
n
S
e
k
o
la
h
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ke
se
h
a
t
an
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
-
1
2
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
J.
A
z
a
li
a
,
S
.
O.
S
a
n
t
o
so
,
a
n
d
M
.
Krista
n
ti
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
t
h
a
t
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
a
d
o
les
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e
n
ts
f
o
o
d
c
h
o
ice
in
S
u
ra
b
a
y
a
,
”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ho
sp
it
a
l
d
a
n
M
a
n
a
j
e
me
n
J
a
sa
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
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3
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
[
On
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:
//
p
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
.
p
e
tra.ac
.
id
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d
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x
.
p
h
p
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tela
n
/arti
c
le/v
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/6
3
9
9
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5
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1
8
.
[1
5
]
R.
P
u
rw
a
n
d
a
ri
a
n
d
A.
A
rd
ian
a
.
,
“
Co
re
latio
n
Be
tw
e
e
n
Ha
n
d
w
a
sh
Be
h
a
v
io
u
r
a
n
d
d
iarh
e
a
e
in
c
id
e
n
t
in
sc
h
o
o
l
a
g
e
c
h
il
d
re
n
in
Je
m
b
e
r
,”
J
u
rn
a
l
Ke
p
e
ra
wa
ta
n
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
-
1
3
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
S
.
P
.
Yu
n
u
s,
Um
b
o
h
,
a
n
d
O.
P
i
n
o
n
t
o
a
n
,
“
Re
latio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
P
e
rso
n
a
l
Hy
g
ien
e
a
n
d
S
a
n
it
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ti
o
n
F
a
c
il
it
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e
s
w
it
h
Esc
h
e
rich
ia
Co
li
Co
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
i
n
F
o
o
d
i
n
P
a
d
a
n
g
Re
sta
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ra
n
t,
M
a
n
a
d
o
Cit
y
a
n
d
Bit
u
n
g
Cit
y
/
Hu
b
u
n
g
a
n
Per
so
n
a
l
Hig
ien
e
d
a
n
F
a
sili
t
a
s
S
a
n
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ta
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d
e
n
g
a
n
K
o
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t
a
min
a
si
Esc
h
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ric
h
i
a
Co
li
P
a
d
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M
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n
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n
d
i
Ru
m
a
h
M
a
k
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n
P
a
d
a
n
g
Ko
ta
M
a
n
a
d
o
Da
n
Ko
t
a
Bi
tu
n
g
,
”
J
ikm
u
, v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
-
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2
0
,
2
0
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5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
b
io
tec
h
a
d
v
.
2
0
1
0
.
0
8
.
0
1
0
.
[1
7
]
A
.
V
a
lero
,
M
.
-
Y.
Ro
d
ríg
u
e
z
,
a
n
d
G
.
D.
P
o
sa
d
a
-
Iz
q
u
ier
d
o
,
“
Risk
F
a
c
to
rs
In
f
lu
e
n
c
in
g
M
icro
b
ial
Co
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
i
n
F
o
o
d
S
e
rv
ice
Ce
n
ters
,
”
S
ig
n
if
ica
n
c
e
,
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
of
F
o
o
d
Re
late
d
Dise
a
se
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
On
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
in
tec
h
o
p
e
n
.
c
o
m
/b
o
o
k
s/sig
n
if
i
c
a
n
c
e
-
p
re
v
e
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ti
o
n
-
a
n
d
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l
-
of
-
f
o
o
d
-
re
late
d
-
d
ise
a
se
s/ri
sk
-
f
a
c
to
rs
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in
f
lu
e
n
c
in
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-
m
icro
b
ial
-
c
o
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
-
in
-
f
o
o
d
-
se
rv
ice
-
c
e
n
ters
.
[1
8
]
M
.
Er
d
o
ğ
a
n
a
n
d
Ş
.
P
a
m
u
k
,
“
M
icro
b
ial
c
o
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
i
n
f
o
o
d
,
f
o
o
d
-
h
a
n
d
lers
’
h
a
n
d
s
a
n
d
su
rf
a
c
e
s
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
n
tam
in
a
ti
o
n
so
u
rc
e
s
b
y
th
e
si
m
il
a
rit
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
iso
late
s,”
An
k
a
ra
Un
iv.
Vet.
F
a
k
.
De
rg
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
3
-
7
9
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
8
8
/au
v
f
d
.
5
9
9
3
6
7
.
[1
9
]
C.
O.
M
e
d
e
iro
s,
S
.
B.
Ca
v
a
ll
i
,
a
n
d
E.
S
a
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