Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
V
o
l.4
,
No
.1
, Mar
c
h 201
5,
p
p
.
5
8
~
62
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
8
0
6
58
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
Antioxidant Activity of S
o
me
Selected
Eas
t
Borneo Plants
Islamudin
Ah
mad
1
, Riski
Sulistia
r
ini
2
, L
a
ode
Rij
a
i
1
1
Department of Natural
Product
Pharmacy
, Phar
macy
Faculty
of
Mulawarman University
, Indon
esia
2
Departm
e
nt of P
h
arm
acolog
y
,
P
h
arm
a
c
y
F
acu
lt
y of
M
u
law
a
rm
an
Univers
i
t
y
,
Ind
ones
i
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Ja
n 02, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Feb
02
, 20
15
Accepted
Feb 22, 2015
The na
tive p
l
ant
s
of Eas
t
Borne
o
the
Costus specious
(Koening)
J.E. Smith
ste
m
,
Lagerstroemaspesiosa
P
e
rs
leaf,
C
e
rbera
m
angans
L leaf
,
Vitistri
f
olia
L fruit.,
Scurru
laatropurpurea
(Blume) Danser
root,
Br
ucea
ja
vanica
(L.)
Merr. leaf,
Lygodiummicrophyllum, Bidens
Chinensis
W
illd.,
Sonneratiacaseo
l
aris
L. pee
l
,
So
nneratiacaseo
l
a
r
is
L. stem is almost under-
explored
for th
ei
r potensia
l
b
e
nef
its. Th
e
y
wer
e
e
x
trac
ted b
y
the
solvents o
f
incre
a
s
i
ng polar
it
y (n-hex
ane,
et
h
y
l
ac
eta
t
e
,
and
n-butanol) wer
e
tes
t
ed fo
r
their fr
ee
radi
cal
act
ivit
y
aga
i
ns
t
DP
P
H
(2.2-diphen
y
l-1-pi
cr
ylh
y
d
r
az
yl)
.
Th
e
eth
y
l ac
eta
t
e ex
trac
t
of
Costusspe
s
iosus
(Koening) J. E. Smith
antiox
i
dan
t
were screnned
concentr
ation of
68 ppm,
sim
ilarl
y
ath
y
l ace
ta
te
extra
c
t
of
Vitistri
v
olia
L., showed antiox
i
dant
activity
at 64.30 ppm. A
s
the eth
y
l
ace
tat
e
ex
tra
c
t o
f
Scurrullaatrop
u
rpurea
(Blume),
Br
uc
eajavan
i
c
a
(L.) Mer
r
,
Lygodiummicrophyllum
and
Sonneratiaca
seolaris
L. s
t
em
, s
howed
antioxid
a
nt
activ
ity
at 273.52 pp
m,
91.12 ppm, 1
7
.39 ppm and 7.03 ppm. N-
butanol extract
of
Lagerstro
emaspesiosa
Pers
,
Cerberamangans
L,
Bidensch
inensis
W
illd, and
Sonn
eratiacaseo
l
aris
L. peel showed
8.37 ppm,
128.59 ppm, 18
.17 ppm and 5
4
.29 ppm
antio
xidant activity
using
DPPH
model s
y
stems. Owing to the property
,
th
e studies can be furth
e
r
extended
to
exploit th
em for their possible applic
ation
for pr
eservation of fo
od products
as
well
as
thei
r u
s
e as
h
eal
th s
upp
lem
e
nts
.
Keyword:
An
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity
DPP
H
East Borne
o
Extract
LC
50
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Laode Rijai,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
Nat
u
ral
Pr
o
duc
t
Pha
r
m
acy
,
Ph
arm
acy Fac
u
lty o
f
Mu
lawarm
an
Un
i
v
ersity,
C
a
m
pus
of
P
h
a
r
m
acy
Facul
t
y
of
M
u
l
a
wa
rm
an
Uni
v
er
sity, Sa
m
a
r
i
n
d
a
, East
K
a
lti
m
,
I
ndo
nesia, 751
19
.
Em
a
il: lao
d
e
@farm
a
si.u
n
m
u
l
.ac.id
;
islam
u
d
i
n
a
h
m
ad
@farmasi.un
m
u
l
.ac.id
1.
INTRODUCTION
Indo
n
e
sia is a
co
un
try t
h
at h
a
s th
e
g
r
eatest
bio
d
i
v
e
rsity in
t
h
e
world
with
m
o
re th
an
th
i
r
ty th
ou
sand
species of
plants efficacious a
s
a m
e
dicine. Only about
180 species ha
ve
been
use
d
in t
r
aditional m
e
dicine by
th
e trad
itio
n
a
l
med
i
cin
e
ind
u
s
try in
Ind
o
n
e
si
a.
Th
is is
d
u
e
t
o
th
e u
tilizatio
n o
f
In
don
esian m
e
d
i
cin
a
l p
l
an
ts fo
r t
r
eating
a
d
i
sease typ
i
cally o
n
l
y
base
d o
n
em
pi
ri
cal
expe
ri
enc
e
passe
d
on
fr
om
generat
i
o
n
t
o
ge
ner
a
t
i
o
n
wi
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
s
u
p
p
o
rt
i
n
g
dat
a
t
h
at
meets the requirem
ents. To be accepted in
m
odern m
e
di
cine, som
e
of t
h
e re
quirem
ents that
m
u
st be
m
e
t
mainly its acti
v
e subtances, so in addition to e
fficacy,
safet
y
rate can be
predicted easily [1].
Accord
ing
to
p
h
ilosoph
ies th
eory,
po
ten
tial o
f
b
i
o
l
og
ical reso
urces
fo
r
h
u
m
an
life
d
e
p
e
nd
s
on
t
h
e
am
ount a
nd ty
pe of chem
ical com
pou
nds. B
i
ological res
ources use
d
as
pharm
aceuticals, agro-c
hem
i
cals,
and
m
a
t
e
ri
al
s sci
e
nce ge
neral
l
y
c
ont
ai
n
al
kal
o
i
d
s, t
h
ese
Te
rpe
noi
ds,
fl
ava
n
oi
d c
o
m
pou
nd
s,
phe
n
o
l
s
, a
n
d
o
t
hers.
Variations and com
position
of these c
o
m
pounds m
a
ke th
e biological res
o
urces
of ec
onom
ic valuable,
but the
eco
no
m
i
c v
a
lue th
at also trigg
e
r th
e
d
a
m
a
g
e
b
ecau
s
e it is ex
p
l
o
ited
o
r
u
tilized
in
ex
cess.
Po
ten
tial of
n
a
tur
a
l co
m
p
o
und
s in
East Bo
r
n
eo
trop
ical f
o
r
e
st reg
i
on
un
tapp
ed
to
good
u
s
e.u
tilizatio
n
in
a trad
itio
n
a
l
m
a
n
n
e
r fo
r
u
s
in
g
trad
itio
n
a
l med
i
cin
e
h
a
s b
een
d
o
n
e
, m
ean
wh
ile, wild
p
l
an
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Ant
i
o
xi
d
a
n
t
Ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
So
me
Sel
ect
ed E
a
st
Bor
n
eo
Pl
a
n
t
s
(
I
sl
am
udi
n A
h
ma
d)
59
wh
o g
r
o
w
u
p
i
n
East
B
o
r
n
eo
regi
on t
h
at
i
s
one s
o
urces
of
ant
i
oxi
da
nt
co
m
poun
ds t
h
at
has n
o
t
bee
n
a l
o
t
o
f
disclose
d [1].
A free ra
dical can be de
fine
d any
m
o
lecular species cap
abl
e
of i
nde
pe
nde
nt
exi
s
t
e
nce t
h
at
cont
ai
ns a
n
u
n
p
a
ired
electron
in
an
atomic o
r
b
ital. Th
e presen
ce of an
unpaire
d
electron
res
u
lts in certain c
o
mm
on
properties that are share
d
by
m
o
st radicals. Many ra
dicals are unstable and
high
ly reactive [2]. The
s
e fre
e
radi
cal
s ha
ve
very
sh
o
r
t
hal
f-l
i
f
e,
hi
g
h
re
act
i
v
i
t
y
, and dam
a
gi
ng act
i
v
i
t
y
t
o
war
d
s m
acrom
ol
ecul
e
s l
i
k
e
pr
ot
ei
ns
DN
A
and l
i
p
i
d
s. O
x
i
d
at
i
v
e st
res
s
i
s
am
ong t
h
e
m
a
jor ca
usat
i
v
e fact
o
r
i
n
t
h
e i
n
d
u
ct
i
on
of
m
a
ny
ch
ron
i
c an
d
d
e
g
e
n
e
rativ
e d
i
seases in
clud
ing
ath
e
ro
sclero
si
s, isch
em
ic
h
eart d
i
sease, ag
eing
, d
i
ab
etes m
e
l
litu
s,
im
unos
u
p
ressa
nt
, ca
ncer
an
d
ot
he
rs.
[
3
]
The purpose t
h
is resea
r
ch is
conduct scree
n
ing an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity in
selected
East Bo
rn
eo
wild
pl
ant
s
wi
t
h
DP
PH (2
.2
-
d
i
p
he
ny
l
-
1
-
pi
c
r
y
l
hi
d
r
azy
l
)
m
e
t
hod.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
2.
1.
Co
llecting
Sample
Sam
p
le was collected and chosen
ba
sed
on
fo
lk
lore
o
r
t
r
ad
i
tio
n
a
l tr
eatm
e
nt from
the society around
east Kalim
an
ta
n
.
It was determin
ed
in
d
e
n
d
ro
log
y
labo
ra
t
o
riu
m
o
f
forestry facu
lty m
u
la
warm
an
un
iv
ersity. It
was
determ
ined to ensure
plant s
p
ecies.It
wa
s sorted to
dry
out and t
o
be e
x
tracted.
2.
2.
Extr
acti
on
Each sam
p
le was extracte
d
us
ing m
aceration m
e
thod
wit
h
differe
nt pola
r
ity
so
lve
n
t (n-he
x
ane
,
ethyl
acetate and
n-buta
nol
). Sam
p
le was m
acerated usi
ng
n-
hexane
for
24 hours a
p
proximately. Extraction
wa
s
continue
d
with ethyl acetate and
n-bu
tanolin order
res
p
ectively. Macerati
on
with eac
h s
o
lve
n
t was
re
peated
th
ree tim
es.
2.
3.
Anti
oxi
dan
t
a
c
ti
vi
t
y
Determ
i
n
ati
o
n
As m
u
ch as 1.
0 m
L
DPPH 0
.
4 m
M
put
t
o
V
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
k
flask, added a certa
in num
b
er of t
e
st
m
a
teria
l
is th
en
add
e
d
u
p
v
o
l
u
m
e o
f
5
.
0
m
L
e
t
h
a
n
o
l,
m
i
x
e
d
for 1
min
u
t
e, un
til
mix
t
u
r
e is h
o
m
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
and silen
ced
fo
r 3
0
m
i
nut
es. Thi
s
s
o
l
u
t
i
on i
s
t
h
en m
easure
d
i
t
s
ab
sor
b
a
n
ce at
a
wavel
e
ngt
h
o
f
5
1
7
nm
m
a
xi
m
u
m
wavel
e
ngt
h
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
i
n
p
r
el
im
i
n
ary
t
r
i
a
l
s
. D
o
ne
gat
i
v
e
cont
rol
a
b
s
o
r
b
ance
readi
n
g
s
any
w
ay
i
.
e
.
w
i
t
hout
ad
d
ition
o
f
so
l
u
tio
n.
Th
e scav
en
g
i
ng
ab
ility o
f
th
e
p
l
an
t ex
tract
was d
e
term
in
ed
b
y
th
e
fo
llo
wi
ng
eq
u
a
tion
:
[4
]
(%)
=
.
.
.
100%
The DPP
H
ra
d
i
cal
abso
rb
s
at 51
7 nm
and
i
n
a
seco
n
d
s
u
b
s
tr
ate-free
sy
stem
, antio
xida
nt ac
tivity
can be
d
e
term
in
ed
b
y
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
th
e d
e
crease in th
i
s
ab
so
rb
an
ce.
Resu
lts were
rep
o
rted as th
e
EC5
0
, th
at is, t
h
e
am
ount of
a
n
tioxi
dant necess
a
ry
to decre
a
se
by
50% the
ini
tial DPPH concentration
[5].
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
Dri
e
d sam
p
l
e
fr
om
so
m
e
di
ffere
nt
pl
ant
s
s
u
ch as:
Costus specious
(
K
oeni
ng
) J.E
.
S
m
i
t
h
st
em
,
La
gerst
ro
em
as
pesi
os
a
Pe
rs leaf,
Cerb
eram
ang
an
s
L l
eaf,
Vitistrifo
lia
L f
r
uit.,
S
c
urr
u
l
a
at
ro
p
u
r
pur
ea
(B
l
u
m
e
) Dans
er r
oot
,
B
r
uce
a
j
a
v
ani
c
a
(L
.)
M
e
rr.leaf
,
Lyg
o
d
i
umm
i
croph
yllu
m, Bid
e
ns Ch
in
en
sis
W
illd.,
So
n
n
er
at
i
a
cas
e
ol
ari
s
L. pee
l
,
So
nne
rat
i
a
c
a
se
ol
ari
s
L.
steem.
Eac
h
sam
p
le was extract
ed usi
ng m
ace
ration
m
e
thod with
differe
nt polarity solv
ent (n-he
x
ane
,
ethyl acetate and n-bu
tanol
). Sam
p
le
was m
acerated using
n-he
xane
for 24 hours a
p
proxim
a
t
ely. Extraction was
c
o
ntinue
d wit
h
ethyl acetate an
d n-butanol in orde
r
respectively. Maceration wit
h
eac
h
s
o
lve
n
t was repeate
d
t
h
ree
tim
e
s.
An
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity was d
e
fin
e
d
as ab
ility
o
f
each
ex
tract
to
in
activ
atin
g DPPH rad
i
cal
. Param
e
ter
for an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity
is cal
led
IC
50
. Samp
le was m
i
x
e
d
with
DPPH so
lu
tion
.
Ab
sorb
an
ce
o
f
dp
ph an
d
sam
p
l
e
m
i
xt
ur
e m
easured
us
i
ng
U
V
-
V
i
s
s
p
ect
rof
o
t
o
m
e
t
r
e at
5
1
0
-
52
0
n
m
wavel
e
ngt
h.
M
easu
r
em
ent res
u
l
t
sho
w
e
d
t
h
at
m
a
xi
m
u
m
wavel
e
ngt
h i
s
at
5
1
7
nm
.
DPP
H
f
r
ee ra
di
cal
use
d
i
n
ant
i
oxi
dant
act
i
v
i
t
y
m
easurem
ent
gene
ral
l
y
. Pur
p
l
e
c
o
l
o
ur
of
DP
P
H
so
lu
tion
was resu
lted
fro
m
n
itro
g
e
n
’
s free
electro
n. DPPH
ra
dical’s fre
e
electron
r
eac
ted with electron
fro
m
antioxi
dant com
pound in sam
p
le.
R
eaction resulted 2.2-di
phe
nyl-1-picry
l
hydrazy
n wh
i
c
h cha
nge
d sol
u
tion’s
col
o
ur
f
r
om
pu
rpl
e
t
o
pal
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
(Fi
g
u
r
e
1)
[6]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:2252
-88
06
IJP
H
S
V
o
l
.
4,
No
. 1,
M
a
rc
h 20
1
5
:
5
8
– 62
60
Fi
gu
re 1.
R
eact
i
on o
f
Free Ra
dical and
DPPH
Tabl
e
1.
A
n
t
i
o
xi
da
nt
act
i
v
i
t
y
of
pl
a
n
t
ext
r
act
s
No. Plants
Ek
st
ract
E
quation
r IC50
(
p
pm
)
1
Costus specious
(
K
oening)
J.
E
.
S
m
ith stem
N-
heksane
y
= 0.
2569x + 13.
0
2
8
0.
960
143
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
3483x + 26.
0
7
3
0.
951
68
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
0679x+ 12.
3
5
8
0.
972
547
2
Lagerstroemaspesi
osa
Per
s
leaf
n-
heksane
y
= 1.
173x + 28.
05
5
0.
983
18.
7
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 1.
763x + 11.
50
5
0.
994
21.
8
n-
Butanol
y
= 2.
761x + 26.
87
7
0.
981
8.
37
3
Cerberamang
ans
L
leaf
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
0724x + 14.
0
7
8
0.
996
496.
16
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
1661x + 28.
0
6
8
0.
950
132.
04
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
2545x + 17.
2
7
4
0.
998
128.
59
4
Vitistrifolia
L
fr
uit
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
201x + 14.
59
0
0.
996
176.
17
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
400x + 24.
28
6
0.
987
64.
28
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
116x + 21.
97
0
0.
987
241.
64
5
Scurrula
atrop
u
rp
u
r
ea
(
B
lu
m
e
)
Danser
r
oot
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
138x + 7.
173
0.
951
310.
34
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
149x + 9.
246
0.
897
273.
53
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
109x + 1.
689
0.
995
443.
22
6
Bruceajavanica
(
L
.
)
M
e
r
r
.
leaf
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
1264x + 21.
2
9
7
0.
972
227
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
257x + 26.
58
5
0.
937
91.
12
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
1495x + 26.
8
9
6
0.
960
154.
54
7
Lygodiummicroph
yllum
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
2305x + 4.
98
7
0.
992
195.
28
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 2.
9982x – 2.
1
3
7
0.
996
17.
39
n-
Butanol
y
= 1.
8474x + 4.
36
0.
974
24.
70
8
B
i
densChinensis
W
illd
n-heksane
y
=
0.
194x + 2.740
0.997
243.61
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
648x + 14.
43
4
0.
998
54.
89
n-
Butanol
y
= 2.
596x + 2.
826
0.
999
18.
17
9
Sonner
a
tiacaseol
a
r
is
L
.
peel
n-
heksane
y
= 0.
2737x + 31.
3
0.
989
67.
48
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 0.
470x + 1.
346
0.
992
109.
24
n-
Butanol
y
= 0.
790x + 7.
104
0.
980
54.
29
10
Sonner
a
tiacaseol
a
r
is
L
.
stee
m
n-
heksane
y
= 1.
601x + 1.
370
0.
973
30.
37
E
t
hy
l As
etate
y
= 5.
995x + 7.
882
0.
991
7.
03
n-
Butanol
y
= 4.
373x + 7.
604
0.
998
9.
69
C
once
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
of sam
p
l
e
t
h
at
coul
d sca
v
e
nge
50 %
fre
e radi
cal
(IC
5
0
)
was use
d
t
o
det
e
rm
i
n
e
ant
i
oxi
dant
ca
paci
t
y
of sam
p
l
e
co
m
p
ared t
o
st
anda
r
d
. Sa
m
p
l
e
t
h
at
had IC
5
0
< 50 p
p
m
, i
t
was very
st
ron
g
ant
i
oxi
dant
, 5
0
-
1
0
0
p
p
m
st
ro
ng
ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
,
1
0
1
-
1
5
0
ppm
m
e
di
um
ant
i
oxi
dant
,
w
h
i
l
e
w
eak a
n
t
i
oxi
dan
t
wi
t
h
I
C
50
>
15
0 ppm
[
7
].
Research res
u
l
t
sin Table
1 i
ndicate t
h
at the extr
act
has
a ve
ry
st
r
o
n
g
ant
i
oxi
dant
act
i
v
i
t
y
am
on
g
ot
he
rs
La
gerst
roem
as
pesi
osa
Pressleaves with
IC
50
v
a
l
u
es of eac
h ext
r
act
n-
b
u
t
a
n
o
l
8.
37
p
p
m
,
18.7
ppm
n-
hexa
ne a
n
dethylacetateextract of21.8ppm
.
Lyg
odi
um
mi
cr
op
hyl
l
u
m
at 17.39ppm
ethyl
acetate extract and
2
4
.70p
p
m
o
f
n-
bu
tano
l in
I
C
50
.
Bid
e
n
s
Ch
i
n
en
sis Willd
n
-
bu
tano
l ex
tract with
IC
50
val
u
e
of 1
8
.
1
7p
pm
.
A
n
d
So
n
n
er
at
i
a
cas
e
ol
ari
s
L. steem with
IC
50
v
a
lu
es in
7
.
0
3ppm th
e eth
y
l
ac
etate an
d
9
.
6
9
p
p
m
n
-
bu
tano
l
,
an
d
n
-
hexa
ne o
f
30
.3
7p
pm
ext
r
act
.
The ext
r
act of
ethyl acetate
C
o
stu
s
sp
eci
o
u
s
(Ko
e
n
i
ng
)
JE
S
m
ithstem
and Vitistri
f
o
lia
Lfru
it, Bid
e
n
s
Ch
in
en
sis Willd
with re
specti
v
e IC
50
of
6
8
p
p
m
,
64.
28
p
p
m
and
54
.8
9
p
p
m
has po
wer
f
u
l
ant
i
o
xi
da
nt
.
Whi
l
e
ex
tracts
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
atio
ksid
an
activ
ity b
e
ing
th
at
n
-
h
e
x
a
ne ex
tract
o
f
C
o
st
usspe
c
i
o
us(
K
oeni
ng)
JE S
m
i
t
h
stem
with
IC
50
of
14
3pp
m
,
Cerb
era
m
an
gan
s L
l
eaves with
IC
50
values in the
e
thyl acetat
e e
x
tract of 132.04ppm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Ant
i
o
xi
d
a
n
t
Ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
So
me
Sel
ect
ed E
a
st
Bor
n
eo
Pl
a
n
t
s
(
I
sl
am
udi
n A
h
ma
d)
61
and 128.59ppm
n-butanol
and ethylacetate extracts
Sonn
era
tia
ca
seo
l
a
r
is
L.peel with
IC
50
o
f
1
0
9
.
24
ppm
. A
n
d
ext
r
act
s w
h
i
c
h ha
ve a
weak a
n
t
i
o
xi
dant
act
i
v
i
t
y
of
n-
hexa
n
e
ext
r
act
s
Vitistri
f
o
lia
Lfru
it and
Lyg
odi
um
mi
cr
op
hyl
l
u
m
wit
h
IC
50
val
u
es
of each
176.17ppm
and 19
5.28ppm
,
a
nd
n-butanol extract
Bruce
a
j
a
v
ani
c
a
(L.)
Merr. Le
aves with IC
50
o
f
154
.5
4pp
m
.
Wh
ile th
e ex
tract with
IC
50
valu
es ab
ov
e
200
pp
m
ex
clud
ing
categ
ories th
at
h
a
ve an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity.
Th
e an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity exh
i
b
ited b
y
p
l
an
t ex
tracts
o
b
tain
ed
fro
m
t
h
e activ
ity is
su
sp
ected
of
secon
d
a
ry m
e
t
a
b
o
lites
p
r
esent in
th
e
p
l
an
t ab
ov
e
[8
].
Secon
d
a
ry m
e
tab
o
lites are produ
ced
o
r
sy
n
t
h
e
sized
co
mp
oun
d
s
on
cells an
d
certain tax
o
n
o
m
ic
g
r
ou
p
s
in
th
e
rate o
f
g
r
owth
or a p
a
rticu
l
ar st
ress. Secon
d
a
ry
m
e
tab
o
lites are u
s
ed
as m
o
d
e
rn
m
e
d
i
cin
e
am
o
n
g
ot
he
r al
kal
o
i
d
s
from
pl
ant
s
Ro
uw
ol
vi
a ser
p
ent
i
n
e
, at
ro
pi
ne fr
om
Hyoscymu
s
ni
ger
p
l
ant , Caffeine
from
Co
ffea
Arab
ica
pl
ant
,
C
o
cai
ne
fr
om
Erythorx
y
ln coc
a
p
l
an
t , and
Vinb
lastine fro
m
C
a
t
har
ant
hu
s r
o
se
us
[9
].
Som
e
seconda
ry
m
e
tobolit such as phe
noli
c
and fl
avonoi
d group
has re
cord
e
d
a reduc
tion of free
radicals activit
y
[9]
,
[1
0]
.
In ge
neral it ca
n
be see
n
t
h
at the
best a
n
tioxi
dant acti
v
ity of each
plant
in Table 2.
Table
2. T
h
e
best activity of e
ach
plant
No Plants
Ek
st
ract
IC
50
(pp
m
)
1
Costus specious
(
K
oening) J.E. S
m
it
h ste
m
EtilAsetat
68
2
Lagerstroemaspesi
osa
Per
s
leaf
n-
heksan
18.
7
3
Cerberamang
ans
L
leaf
n-
butanol
128.
59
4
Vitistrifolia
L fruit
EtilAsetat
64.28
5
Scurrula
atrop
u
rp
u
r
ea
(Blu
m
e
) Danse
r
root
EtilAsetat
273.53
6
Bruceajavanica
(L.) Me
rr. leaf
EtilAsetat
91.12
7
Lygodiummicroph
yllum
EtilAsetat
17.39
8
B
i
densChinensis
Willd n-buta
nol
18.17
9
Sonner
a
tiacaseol
a
r
is
L
.
peel
n-
butanol
54.
29
10
Sonner
a
tiacaseol
a
r
is
L.stee
m EtilAsetat
7.03
Based
on
th
e
resu
lts o
f
t
h
e determin
atio
n
of an
tiox
i
d
a
n
t
activ
ity (IC5
0
)
o
f
so
m
e
h
e
rb
sare ex
tracted
using s
o
lve
n
ts
with
diffe
re
nt pola
r
ity level (n-he
x
ane
,
et
hy
lacetate, andn-buta
nol
). Sh
owed that t
h
e
plants that
gr
ow
nat
u
ral
l
y
i
n
East
Kal
i
m
a
nt
an re
gi
o
n
h
a
s a very
pr
om
i
s
i
ng p
o
t
e
nt
i
a
l
as a sou
r
ce of
nat
u
ral
ant
i
oxi
dant
s
t
h
at
can
be
de
v
e
l
ope
d i
n
t
o
a
g
o
o
d
heal
t
h
p
r
o
duct
i
n
do
sage
fo
rm
dru
g
s a
n
d
heal
t
h
sul
p
l
e
m
e
n.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
B
a
sed o
n
t
h
e r
e
search t
h
at
ha
s been
do
ne, i
t
can be co
ncl
u
ded t
h
at
re
sul
t
s of scree
n
i
n
g
ant
i
oxi
dant
activity of va
rious e
x
tracts
from
each plant is known th
a
t
m
o
st of the
material has potential as a natural
antioxi
dant
from
the category
of the
m
o
st powerful t
o
the
weak cate
g
ory.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Our t
h
anks t
o
a
ll lecturers a
nd all researc
h
e
r
s
in
Ph
arm
acy F
acu
lty o
f
Mu
lawarm
an
Un
iv
ersity.
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NC
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[1]
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,
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Kaji
a
n
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nfaa
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secara Be
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an
jutan
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se
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
Islamudin Ahmad, S.
Si
.,
M
,
Si
.,
Apt
islamudinahmad
@farmasi.unmul.ac.id
+6281342205060
Departement of
Natura
l Product
Pharmacy
, Phar
macy
Facu
lty
of
Mulawarman University
RiskiSulistiar
i
ni,
S.Farm
., M
.
Si
riski@farmasi.u
n
mul.ac.id
+62 8524725770
0
Departem
ent
of
P
h
arm
acolog
y
,
P
h
arm
a
c
y
F
acu
lt
y
of M
u
law
a
rm
an Univers
i
t
y
DR. Laod
eRij
ai
,
M
.
S
i
.
,
Drs
loade@f
a
rm
as
i.
unm
ul.ac
.
id
+62 8524726380
9
Departement of
Natura
l Product
Pharmacy
, Phar
macy
Facu
lty
of
Mulawarman University
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