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No
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Dec
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20
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Exploring
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e
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tal
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ll
e
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g
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s.
T
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e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
ta
c
k
le
th
is
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
,
we
n
e
e
d
t
o
d
e
lv
e
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n
to
two
k
e
y
q
u
e
sti
o
n
s:
Wh
a
t
p
e
rp
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t
u
a
tes
h
ig
h
fe
rti
li
ty
ra
tes
,
a
n
d
h
o
w
c
a
n
we
m
it
ig
a
te
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e
m
?
Th
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
li
e
s
in
a
c
o
m
p
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e
n
siv
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a
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a
ly
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o
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imm
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iate
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d
u
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d
e
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g
fa
c
to
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in
flu
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n
c
in
g
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rti
li
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e
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a
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u
l
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ted
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e
m
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o
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d
in
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term
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a
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In
t
h
is stu
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in
v
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sti
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te t
h
e
imp
a
c
t
o
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s
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ima
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n
d
d
istan
t
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c
to
rs
o
n
fe
rti
li
t
y
a
m
o
n
g
two
g
r
o
u
p
s:
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h
e
tea
g
a
rd
e
n
lab
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
i
n
As
sa
m
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
-
tea
g
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rd
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lab
o
r
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m
m
u
n
it
y
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c
o
m
p
risin
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in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
ls
wh
o
h
a
v
e
tran
siti
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n
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
fo
rm
s
o
f
e
m
p
lo
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m
e
n
t.
Ou
r
re
se
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rc
h
id
e
n
ti
f
ies
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
fa
c
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c
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s
wife
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t
m
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re
a
stfe
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in
g
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ra
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e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
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l
a
tt
a
in
m
e
n
t,
fa
m
il
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siz
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,
d
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
rried
l
ife,
c
h
il
d
m
o
rtalit
y
,
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
t
c
a
teg
o
ry
,
a
n
d
wife
'
s
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sta
t
u
s
th
a
t
a
ffe
c
t
fe
rti
li
ty
lev
e
ls
i
n
As
sa
m
'
s
tea
g
a
rd
e
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
Th
e
stu
d
y
'
s fi
n
d
in
g
s in
d
ica
te t
h
e
n
e
e
d
f
o
r
imp
lem
e
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ti
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g
targ
e
te
d
fa
m
il
y
p
lan
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
re
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
e
h
e
a
lt
h
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
with
in
tea
g
a
rd
e
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
.
Th
e
se
p
ro
g
ra
m
s
sh
o
u
l
d
o
ffe
r
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
re
so
u
rc
e
s
to
a
ss
i
st
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
ls
in
m
a
k
in
g
in
f
o
rm
e
d
d
e
c
isio
n
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re
g
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rd
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m
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siz
e
a
n
d
re
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
v
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h
e
a
lt
h
.
K
ey
w
o
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d
s
:
Dis
tan
t d
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m
in
an
ts
Fer
tili
ty
p
atter
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J
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witch
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Pro
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CC B
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L
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Dep
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So
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titu
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1.
I
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D
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O
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Ass
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T
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As
s
am
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a
n
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r
o
m
Ass
am
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
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wo
r
ld
’
s
lar
g
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cu
r
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tear
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(
C
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T
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Au
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C
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Ass
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Mid
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if
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t sh
ar
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th
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wo
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[
3
]
.
I
n
p
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,
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As
s
am
T
ea
in
d
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ly
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Ass
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s
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wo
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with
n
ativ
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tea
p
lan
ts
[
4
]
.
Ho
we
v
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th
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tea
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lab
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co
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m
u
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w
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Ass
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ex
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I
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d
ia
[
5
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.
W
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n
g
ly
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v
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af
ter
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I
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m
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ch
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ea
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ly
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,
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m
ater
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o
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tality
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m
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p
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v
er
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p
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tin
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t
in
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c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
[
6
]
–
[
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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b
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Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
85
5
-
1
86
3
1856
Owin
g
to
s
u
ch
d
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tr
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an
d
h
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s
h
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ab
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f
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ates
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ely
af
f
ec
t
m
ater
n
al
h
ea
lth
,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
an
d
s
tr
ain
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
tal
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
ted
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
welf
ar
e
in
itiativ
es
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
f
er
tili
ty
an
d
its
im
m
ed
iate
as
well
as
d
is
tan
t
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
h
as
b
ee
n
a
s
u
b
ject
o
f
o
n
g
o
in
g
a
n
d
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
er
s
,
ec
o
n
o
m
is
ts
,
s
o
cio
lo
g
is
ts
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
T
h
o
u
g
h
a
lar
g
e
an
d
g
r
o
win
g
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
s
o
cial
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
aim
ed
at
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ete
r
m
in
an
ts
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
,
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
(
s
o
cial,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic)
id
en
tifie
d
as
t
h
e
k
e
y
d
r
iv
er
s
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
ar
e
i
n
s
tr
ik
in
g
co
n
tr
ast
with
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
ev
id
en
ce
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
k
ey
d
r
iv
er
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
co
n
tex
t
s
p
ec
if
ic,
with
d
iv
er
g
i
n
g
p
atter
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
tim
e
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
ca
u
s
es
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
an
d
th
eir
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
h
as
a
b
r
o
ad
ap
p
ea
l to
p
o
licy
m
ak
e
r
s
,
as th
ey
d
o
p
in
p
o
i
n
t m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
b
y
o
f
f
icial
p
o
licy
.
F
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
a
m
u
l
t
i
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
a
l
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
o
r
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
(
d
i
r
e
c
t
)
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
t
o
r
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
)
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
w
h
i
c
h
a
f
f
e
c
t
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
o
c
i
a
l
,
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
,
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
w
h
i
c
h
a
f
f
e
c
t
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
a
r
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
t
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
.
W
h
e
n
i
t
c
o
m
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
a
n
d
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
,
t
h
e
p
i
o
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
K
i
n
g
s
l
e
y
D
a
v
i
s
a
n
d
J
u
d
i
t
h
B
l
a
k
e
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
d
-
1
9
5
0
s
a
r
e
w
o
r
t
h
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
.
I
n
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
1
9
5
6
,
D
a
v
i
s
a
n
d
B
l
a
k
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
:
e
i
n
t
e
r
c
o
u
r
s
e
,
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
g
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
(
d
i
r
e
c
t
)
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
[
1
6
]
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
e
v
e
n
t
h
o
u
g
h
D
a
v
i
s
a
n
d
B
l
a
k
e
m
a
d
e
t
h
e
p
i
o
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
s
t
o
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
a
n
d
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
,
i
t
d
i
d
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
e
m
u
c
h
f
r
u
i
t
f
u
l
t
o
q
u
a
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
m
o
d
e
l
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
o
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
q
u
a
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
B
o
n
g
a
a
r
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
1
9
7
8
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
d
e
a
s
o
f
D
a
v
i
s
a
n
d
B
l
a
k
e
,
u
s
e
d
t
h
o
s
e
i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
w
i
f
e
’
s
a
g
e
a
t
m
a
r
r
i
a
g
e
,
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
e
p
t
i
v
e
u
s
e
a
n
d
b
r
e
a
s
t
f
e
e
d
i
n
g
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
t
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
u
a
l
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
,
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
n
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
s
o
c
i
a
l
,
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
,
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
,
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
o
n
l
y
i
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
b
y
m
o
d
i
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
:
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
o
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
am
o
n
g
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
er
s
in
Ass
am
r
aise
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
[
1
9
]
.
T
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
tack
le
th
is
is
s
u
e,
it
is
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
m
u
ltit
u
d
e
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
im
p
ac
t
f
er
tili
ty
p
at
ter
n
s
.
Ou
r
r
esear
c
h
s
h
ed
s
lig
h
t
o
n
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
with
in
Ass
am
's
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
wif
e
’
s
ag
e
at
m
ar
r
iag
e
[
2
0
]
,
d
u
r
ati
o
n
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
[
2
1
]
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t
[
2
2
]
,
f
a
m
ily
s
ize
[
2
3
]
,
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ar
r
ie
d
life
[
2
4
]
,
ch
i
ld
m
o
r
tality
[
2
5
]
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
an
d
th
e
wif
e's
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
g
u
id
e
tar
g
eted
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ta
l
b
o
d
ies
an
d
tea
g
a
r
d
en
o
wn
er
s
,
aim
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
b
o
th
ch
ild
b
ir
th
an
d
m
o
r
tality
r
ates.
Su
ch
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
aim
to
i
n
itiate
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
th
at
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
l
if
e
f
o
r
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
er
s
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
liter
ac
y
r
ates,
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
c
h
o
o
l
d
r
o
p
o
u
ts
,
a
h
ea
lth
ier
d
o
m
esti
c
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
en
h
an
ce
d
h
y
g
ien
e
an
d
s
an
it
atio
n
p
r
ac
tices,
u
ltima
tely
le
ad
in
g
to
an
o
v
er
all
b
etter
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
f
liv
in
g
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
in
d
ica
tes
th
at
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
lab
o
r
er
s
ex
h
ib
it
h
ig
h
e
r
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
wh
o
h
av
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
ed
o
u
t
o
f
tea
g
a
r
d
en
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
f
o
r
b
etter
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
elsewh
er
e.
Hen
ce
,
tar
g
eted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
ca
m
p
ai
g
n
s
with
in
th
is
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
o
p
tim
ize
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els.
Giv
en
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
o
f
u
n
s
k
illed
lab
o
r
in
th
e
tea
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
p
o
licy
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
o
f
th
is
lab
o
r
f
o
r
ce
to
o
th
er
s
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
co
u
l
d
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
tar
g
eted
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
in
ce
n
tiv
ized
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
s
ch
em
es,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
th
eir
n
ew
a
r
ea
s
o
f
wo
r
k
,
p
u
b
lic
-
p
r
iv
ate
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
awa
r
e
n
ess
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
ec
to
r
d
i
v
er
s
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
ese
in
itiativ
es
aim
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
allev
iate
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
n
th
e
tea
in
d
u
s
tr
y
b
u
t
also
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
g
r
o
wth
b
y
em
p
o
wer
in
g
th
ese
lab
o
r
er
s
an
d
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
t
h
em
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t in
alter
n
ativ
e
s
e
cto
r
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
he
pa
rt
icipa
nts a
nd
re
cr
uitm
ent
pro
ce
du
re
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
a
n
d
d
is
tan
t
d
eter
m
i
n
ates
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
o
f
b
o
t
h
th
e
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
a
n
d
t
h
e
ex
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tea
g
a
r
d
en
lab
o
r
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
a
n
d
to
c
h
ec
k
if
t
h
er
e
wa
s
an
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
f
er
tili
ty
p
atter
n
a
f
ter
jo
b
ch
a
n
g
e,
a
to
tal
o
f
5
8
4
tea
g
a
r
d
en
l
ab
o
r
er
s
an
d
3
4
3
ex
-
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
lab
o
r
er
s
wh
o
wer
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
8
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6
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xp
lo
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fert
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iffer
en
tia
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s
b
etw
ee
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tea
a
n
d
ex
-
tea
g
a
r
d
en
la
b
o
r
ers
o
f A
s
s
a
m
(
Lip
ika
K
a
lita
)
1857
willin
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
Ass
am
,
I
n
d
ia,
u
s
in
g
em
p
ir
ical
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
c
es.
Ass
am
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
iv
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
d
iv
is
io
n
s
:
No
r
th
,
L
o
wer
,
C
en
tr
al,
Up
p
er
,
an
d
B
ar
ak
Valley
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
,
we
s
elec
ted
o
n
e
d
is
tr
ict
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
tea
g
ar
d
en
s
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
d
iv
is
io
n
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
was
g
ath
er
ed
f
r
o
m
f
i
v
e
k
ey
tea
p
lan
tatio
n
d
is
tr
icts
in
th
e
s
tate:
Dib
r
u
g
ar
h
,
So
n
itp
u
r
,
Nag
ao
n
,
B
ak
s
a,
an
d
Sil
ch
ar
.
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
m
u
lti
-
s
tag
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
two
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
b
lo
ck
s
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
d
is
tr
ict.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
two
tea
estates
o
r
g
ar
d
en
s
wer
e
s
am
p
led
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
s
elec
ted
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
b
lo
c
k
.
Fro
m
ea
ch
tea
estate,
a
to
tal
o
f
at
least
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
W
e
co
llected
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
tea
g
ar
d
en
a
n
d
ex
-
tea
g
a
r
d
en
lab
o
r
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
.
T
ea
g
a
r
d
en
lab
o
r
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
s
r
elied
o
n
tea
g
ar
d
en
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
wh
ile
ex
-
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
lab
o
r
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
d
id
n
o
t,
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
eir
an
ce
s
to
r
s
d
id
.
T
h
es
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
s
wer
e
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
b
ased
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
em
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
.
Prim
ar
y
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
d
esig
n
e
d
s
a
m
p
le
s
u
r
v
e
y
u
s
in
g
a
well
-
d
esig
n
ed
in
ter
v
iew
s
ch
ed
u
le
co
n
tain
in
g
b
o
t
h
clo
s
e
-
en
d
ed
an
d
o
p
en
-
en
d
e
d
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
A
f
ew
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
al
s
o
h
eld
to
g
et
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
was
o
th
er
wis
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
g
et
f
r
o
m
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
ch
ed
u
les.
Sin
ce
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
s
p
ec
if
ically
o
n
th
e
tea
an
d
ex
-
t
ea
g
ar
d
e
n
lab
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Ass
am
,
I
n
d
ia,
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
d
r
aw
n
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
m
i
g
h
t
n
o
t
b
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ally
ap
p
licab
le
to
o
th
er
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ities
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
r
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ics
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
tatu
s
co
u
ld
v
ar
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
b
ased
o
n
cu
ltu
r
al,
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical,
o
r
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
o
th
er
p
a
r
ts
o
f
I
n
d
ia
o
r
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
alto
g
eth
er
.
An
o
th
er
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
e
r
elativ
ely
s
m
all
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
W
h
ile
ef
f
o
r
ts
w
er
e
m
ad
e
to
r
ec
r
u
it
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
m
ay
lim
it
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
b
r
o
a
d
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
r
eg
ar
d
to
ch
ec
k
in
g
i
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
u
f
f
icien
t
s
tatis
t
ical
p
o
wer
to
d
etec
t
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
th
e
d
ata,
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
p
in
g
w
h
ich
is
a
r
esam
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
in
s
tatis
tics
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
a
s
tatis
tic
b
y
r
ep
ea
ted
ly
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ata
with
r
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
h
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap
esti
m
ates
o
f
th
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
esti
m
ates
o
f
th
e
b
ias,
s
tan
d
ar
d
er
r
o
r
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
le
v
e
l
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
SP
SS
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
.
T
ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes d
is
tr
ict
wis
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
le
d
ata
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
Sin
ce
th
er
e
ar
e
lim
ited
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
d
ata
o
n
ex
-
tea
g
a
r
d
en
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
s
,
we
g
ath
er
ed
p
r
im
ar
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
eir
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
asp
ec
ts
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
n
o
wb
all
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
r
t
h
e
r
ef
e
r
r
al
m
eth
o
d
.
W
e
in
ter
v
iewe
d
5
8
4
tea
g
ar
d
en
an
d
3
4
3
ex
-
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
d
u
r
in
g
f
ield
v
is
its
.
W
e
u
s
ed
a
wel
l
-
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
ter
v
iew
s
ch
ed
u
le
with
clo
s
e
-
en
d
ed
an
d
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
co
n
d
u
cte
d
s
o
m
e
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
al
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
an
d
to
e
x
am
in
e
th
eir
in
f
lu
en
c
e
o
n
th
e
f
er
tili
ty
lev
el
(
wh
ich
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
l
iv
e
b
ir
th
s
)
,
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
is
u
s
ed
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
liv
e
b
ir
th
s
will
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le
wh
ile
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
o
n
wh
ic
h
liv
e
b
ir
th
s
(
L
B
)
d
e
p
en
d
s
will
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
r
th
e
ex
p
lan
ato
r
y
v
ar
ia
b
les.
Data
an
aly
s
is
h
as b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
STAT
A
an
d
SP
SS
s
o
f
twar
e
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dis
tr
ict
-
wis
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
s
am
p
le
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RE
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ar
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ee
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LB
i
=βo
+β
1
R
+β
2
AM
+
β
3
B
F+β
4
C
U+
β
5
E
+
β
6
SES+
β
7
C
L
+
β
8
NF
M+
β
9
W
O+
β
10
T
F+
β
11
YM
+
β
12
C
R
+U
i
wh
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βo
,
β
1
,
β
2
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β
3
,
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4
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5
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6
,
β
7
,
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8
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9
,
β
10
,
β
11
,
an
d
β
12
a
r
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th
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co
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f
icien
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s
)
to
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ated
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o
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m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
u
s
ed
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ity
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h
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i
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m
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is
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ativ
e
d
iv
is
io
n
s
o
f
Ass
am
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
co
l
lecte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
in
ter
v
iew
s
ch
ed
u
le
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
an
d
u
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
o
g
a
u
g
e
th
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
ese
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
a
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
tatu
s
(
SES)
in
d
ex
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
SES
i
n
d
e
x
was
cr
ea
te
d
u
s
in
g
p
r
in
cip
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
(
PC
A)
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
ain
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
liv
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
an
d
ex
-
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
lab
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
SES
in
d
e
x
f
o
llo
wed
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
u
tlin
ed
b
y
R
u
ts
tein
an
d
J
o
h
n
s
o
n
[
2
7
]
an
d
Vy
as
an
d
Ku
m
ar
a
n
ay
ak
e
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
itially
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
et
o
f
3
5
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
in
d
icato
r
s
o
r
v
ar
iab
les
was
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
ai
m
in
g
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
am
p
lin
g
b
ia
s
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
a
m
o
r
e
b
alan
c
ed
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
ev
er
al
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
g
at
h
e
r
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
wer
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
t
o
o
b
tain
s
o
lely
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
u
r
v
ey
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
io
r
to
a
p
p
ly
in
g
P
C
A,
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
v
ar
iab
les
was
ess
en
tial.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
d
ata
clea
n
in
g
,
with
a
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
s
elec
tin
g
o
n
ly
th
o
s
e
v
a
r
iab
les
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
etwe
en
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
class
if
ied
as
‘
r
elativ
ely
wea
lth
y
’
a
n
d
'
r
elativ
ely
less
wea
lth
y
’
.
A
g
en
er
al
g
u
id
elin
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
to
ex
clu
d
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
r
v
ar
iab
les p
o
s
s
ess
e
d
b
y
eith
er
m
o
r
e
th
an
8
0
% o
r
less
th
an
2
0
%
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
led
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
ar
ia
b
les
u
s
ed
in
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
SES in
d
ex
wer
e
co
m
p
u
ted
.
An
y
r
esp
o
n
s
es with
z
s
co
r
es
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
+3
.
3
an
d
-
3
.
3
wer
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
as
s
tati
s
tical
o
u
tlier
s
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
e
x
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ce
r
tain
in
d
icato
r
s
s
u
ch
as
ch
air
s
,
lan
d
lin
e
p
h
o
n
es,
wr
is
t
watc
h
es,
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
,
r
ef
r
ig
er
a
to
r
s
,
an
d
ca
r
s
wer
e
ex
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Ultim
ately
,
a
to
tal
o
f
2
4
in
d
icato
r
s
(
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
3
5
)
wer
e
u
tili
ze
d
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
th
e
SES
in
d
ex
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
in
d
icato
r
s
an
d
th
e
v
a
r
iab
les ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
s
an
d
th
eir
u
n
it o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
No
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
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a
b
l
e
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a
f
f
e
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t
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l
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v
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i
r
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o
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a
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.
Descr
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tiv
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s
tatis
tics
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f
th
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in
d
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r
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u
s
ed
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o
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6
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tim
ates
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r
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o
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teg
o
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ican
t
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b
ir
th
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C
o
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icien
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esti
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ate
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v
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“wif
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g
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at
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g
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ests
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e
-
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it
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s
e
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e
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at
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ar
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ass
o
ciate
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with
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o
x
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ately
0
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0
6
3
in
t
h
e
d
ep
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d
en
t
v
a
r
iab
le,
h
o
ld
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g
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les
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n
s
tan
t.
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h
is
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ec
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s
e
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ar
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y
late
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s
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ter
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an
to
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ly
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ag
e
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h
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is
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alig
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with
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tu
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ies
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ch
h
av
e
f
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at
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at
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ly
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et
o
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ch
il
d
b
ea
r
in
g
an
d
h
ig
h
er
f
e
r
tili
ty
r
ates
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
I
t’
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
r
ec
o
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ize
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ch
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elig
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ap
h
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r
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o
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r
u
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ce
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th
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f
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ies
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ty
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3
3
]
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[
3
4
]
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n
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s
tu
d
y
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h
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th
at
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p
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β
3
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th
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tf
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n
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at
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e
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“BF
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1
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1
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in
t
h
e
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en
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L
B
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n
s
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e
co
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s
tically
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p
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elay
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b
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ies
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h
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h
er
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g
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o
r
b
o
t
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wn
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s
h
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lth
.
B
r
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f
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ts
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d
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r
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ed
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in
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g
astr
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al
d
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s
,
s
ep
s
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s
,
wh
ee
zin
g
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
tr
ac
t
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
,
n
ec
r
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tizin
g
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ter
o
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liti
s
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m
en
in
g
itis
,
an
d
u
r
in
ar
y
tr
ac
t in
f
ec
tio
n
s
[
3
5
]
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t v
a
r
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les af
f
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e
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tili
ty
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o
.
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n
d
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p
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Ex
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av
e
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t
le
v
el
h
as
a
f
ar
-
r
ea
ch
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
in
an
y
co
m
m
u
n
ity
[
3
6
]
–
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
e
n
t
lev
el
o
f
th
e
wif
e
(
E
)
h
as
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
esti
m
ate
o
f
-
0
.
0
8
8
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
a
o
n
e
-
u
n
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lev
el
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
0
.
0
8
8
u
n
its
in
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
v
ar
ia
b
le,
o
th
er
v
ar
iab
les
h
eld
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t is also
s
tati
s
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
A
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
C
h
in
a
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
co
m
p
u
ls
o
r
y
s
ch
o
o
lin
g
r
ef
o
r
m
s
o
n
f
er
tili
ty
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ea
c
h
ad
d
itio
n
al
y
ea
r
o
f
f
em
ale
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
b
ir
th
s
b
y
0
.
2
4
,
m
ain
ly
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
p
er
w
o
m
an
with
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ch
il
d
less
n
ess
.
Mu
lt
ip
le
ch
an
n
els,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
,
wer
e
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
as
p
o
ten
tial
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
lin
k
in
g
wo
m
en
'
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
f
er
tili
ty
o
u
tc
o
m
es [
4
1
]
.
E
s
tim
ates
o
f
co
ef
f
icien
t
h
in
t
th
at
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
to
ta
l
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
f
am
ily
m
em
b
e
r
s
is
also
ass
o
ciate
d
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
liv
e
b
ir
th
s
in
th
e
f
a
m
ily
.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
o
in
t
t
o
th
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
r
o
le
p
lay
e
d
b
y
f
am
ily
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
wo
m
en
’
s
f
er
tili
ty
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
th
e
tea
g
ar
d
en
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
Ass
am
.
Ap
p
ar
en
tly
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
o
c
i
a
l
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
o
cia
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
,
s
o
c
i
al
p
r
es
s
u
r
e
,
s
o
c
ia
l
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
x
e
r
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
n
w
o
m
e
n
'
s
f
e
r
t
il
i
t
y
d
e
c
is
i
o
n
-
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
es
[
4
2
]
.
W
i
t
h
m
o
r
e
y
e
a
r
s
s
p
e
n
t
i
n
a
m
a
r
r
i
e
d
l
i
f
e
,
r
es
u
l
ts
h
a
v
e
r
e
v
e
a
l
e
d
th
at
a
o
n
e
-
u
n
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
‘
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ar
r
ied
life
s
p
e
n
t
b
y
a
co
u
p
le’
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
0
.
0
7
2
u
n
its
in
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
v
ar
iab
le,
r
u
lin
g
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
o
t
h
er
v
a
r
iab
les.
T
h
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
s
tatis
t
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
p
-
v
al
u
e=
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
with
ea
ch
y
ea
r
o
f
m
ar
r
iag
e,
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
iab
le
in
cr
ea
s
es,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ar
r
ied
life
is
p
o
s
itiv
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els [
4
3
]
–
[
4
7
]
.
Sco
r
es o
f
liter
atu
r
es
en
u
m
er
at
es th
at
th
e
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
o
f
f
em
ales a
ls
o
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes a
lo
t to
war
d
s
ex
p
lain
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
an
d
tr
en
d
s
[
4
8
]
.
C
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
all
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
,
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
esti
m
ates
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iab
le,
‘
W
if
e’
s
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
’
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
a
o
n
e
-
u
n
it
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
W
O
i
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
0
.
0
6
4
u
n
its
in
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
L
B
)
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
f
er
tili
ty
o
f
wo
r
k
in
g
wo
m
en
is
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
n
o
n
-
wo
r
k
in
g
wiv
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
a
t
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
s
in
ce
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
n
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
wif
e'
s
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
,
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
b
y
0
.
0
6
4
u
n
its
.
T
h
is
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
b
y
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
attain
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
wo
m
en
in
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
o
ciety
h
as
led
to
g
r
ea
ter
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
is
s
h
if
t
h
as
alter
ed
th
eir
p
r
io
r
ities
,
with
f
ewe
r
wo
m
en
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
ch
ild
b
ea
r
in
g
o
v
er
o
th
er
g
o
als.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
h
as
em
p
o
wer
e
d
w
o
m
en
with
g
r
ea
ter
a
u
to
n
o
m
y
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
[
4
9
]
.
C
h
ild
m
o
r
tality
is
al
s
o
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
wh
en
it
co
m
es
to
s
tu
d
y
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
in
an
y
co
m
m
u
n
ity
[
5
0
]
.
An
y
in
cid
en
ce
o
f
ch
ild
lo
s
s
(
eith
er
a
s
t
ill
b
ir
th
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
r
in
f
an
t
d
ea
th
ex
p
er
ien
ce
)
h
as
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
LB
.
E
s
tim
ates
o
f
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
o
f
c
h
ild
d
ea
th
in
ci
d
en
c
e
b
ein
g
0
.
0
1
4
h
in
ts
th
at
o
n
e
-
u
n
it
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
an
y
s
u
ch
i
n
cid
en
t
h
as
led
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
0
.
0
1
4
u
n
its
in
th
e
LB
,
h
o
ld
i
n
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
o
t
h
er
v
ar
iab
les
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
a
c
o
r
r
el
atio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ig
h
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
in
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
r
elativ
ely
lo
wer
r
ates
o
f
c
h
ild
s
u
r
v
iv
al
[
5
1
]
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
,
an
u
n
in
ten
d
e
d
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
ter
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
a
p
r
eg
n
a
n
cy
ca
n
b
e
a
tr
au
m
atic
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
f
f
ec
tin
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
en
t
life
c
o
u
r
s
e,
it
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
li
t
tl
e
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
o
c
i
o
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
t
u
d
i
es
o
n
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
o
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
[
5
2
]
.
A
g
a
i
n
,
t
h
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
o
f
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
o
f
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
h
i
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
t
e
a
g
a
r
d
e
n
l
a
b
o
r
e
r
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
L
B
i
n
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
to
ex
-
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
m
ig
r
atio
n
is
also
im
p
o
r
tan
t
wh
ile
s
tu
d
y
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
.
T
h
i
s
a
l
s
o
h
i
n
t
s
t
h
at
f
e
r
t
i
li
t
y
d
e
c
is
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
h
a
v
e
a
ls
o
c
h
a
n
g
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
u
t
m
i
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
lab
o
r
er
s
to
o
th
e
r
av
en
u
es o
f
wo
r
k
,
th
u
s
im
p
ly
in
g
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ch
an
g
es d
u
e
to
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
m
o
b
ilit
y
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
is
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
v
ar
iab
les
lik
e
co
n
tr
ac
ep
tio
n
u
s
e,
r
elig
io
u
s
af
f
iliatio
n
,
SES
a
n
d
ty
p
e
o
f
f
am
ily
,
was
f
o
u
n
d
s
tatis
tically
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
tr
ac
ep
tio
n
u
s
e
is
an
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
d
eter
m
in
an
t
o
f
f
er
tili
ty
lev
el
[
5
5
]
–
[
5
7
]
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
is
v
ar
iab
le
in
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
tu
d
y
was
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
T
h
u
s
,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
illu
m
in
ate
th
e
in
t
r
icate
in
ter
p
lay
o
f
s
o
cio
-
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
s
h
a
p
e
f
e
r
tili
ty
p
atter
n
s
i
n
a
n
y
co
m
m
u
n
ity
[
5
4
]
,
[
5
8
]
,
[
59
].
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
E
xp
lo
r
in
g
fert
ilit
y
d
iffer
en
tia
l
s
b
etw
ee
n
tea
a
n
d
ex
-
tea
g
a
r
d
en
la
b
o
r
ers
o
f A
s
s
a
m
(
Lip
ika
K
a
lita
)
1861
Hig
h
f
er
tili
ty
p
o
s
es
a
p
r
ess
in
g
co
n
ce
r
n
am
o
n
g
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
l
ab
o
r
er
s
in
Ass
am
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
is
s
u
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
t
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
er
tili
ty
p
atter
n
s
.
Hig
h
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
ca
n
h
av
e
d
etr
im
e
n
tal
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
m
ater
n
al
h
ea
lth
,
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
an
d
s
tr
ain
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
en
t
in
v
estme
n
t
s
aim
ed
at
co
m
m
u
n
ity
welf
ar
e.
Ou
r
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
wif
e’
s
ag
e
at
m
ar
r
iag
e,
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
,
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
attain
m
en
t,
f
am
ily
s
ize,
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
m
a
r
r
ied
life
,
ch
ild
m
o
r
tality
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
an
d
wif
e’
s
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
tatu
s
im
p
ac
tin
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
in
A
s
s
am
’
s
tea
g
ar
d
en
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
L
o
wer
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els
in
th
is
co
m
m
u
n
ity
is
ess
en
tial
to
en
ab
le
t
h
em
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
ch
em
es
an
d
alle
v
iate
s
o
cial
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
cia
ted
with
h
ig
h
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates.
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
a
g
e
at
m
ar
r
ia
g
e
f
o
r
wo
m
en
to
c
u
r
b
f
er
tili
ty
,
as
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ea
r
ly
a
g
e
at
m
ar
r
iag
e,
o
f
ten
r
esu
lts
in
ea
r
ly
ag
e
at
ch
ild
b
ea
r
in
g
an
d
h
ig
h
f
e
r
tili
ty
s
in
ce
wo
m
en
wh
o
m
ar
r
y
ea
r
ly
wil
l
h
av
e,
o
n
av
e
r
ag
e,
lo
n
g
er
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
p
r
e
g
n
an
c
y
.
E
x
ten
d
in
g
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
d
u
r
atio
n
ca
n
also
r
ed
u
ce
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates,
as
s
h
o
r
ter
d
u
r
atio
n
s
co
r
r
elate
with
h
ig
h
er
f
er
tili
ty
am
o
n
g
w
o
m
en
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
h
a
b
it
o
f
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
en
s
u
r
es
b
etter
ch
ild
-
m
o
t
h
er
s
u
r
v
iv
al,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
is
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tial
to
lo
w
f
er
tili
ty
.
T
h
is
is
to
alig
n
with
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
h
av
e
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
h
ig
h
f
er
tili
ty
co
u
n
t
r
ies
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
r
elativ
ely
p
o
o
r
ch
ild
s
u
r
v
iv
al.
E
n
co
u
r
a
g
in
g
wo
m
e
n
'
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
ce
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
is
cr
u
cial,
as
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icate
ed
u
ca
ted
,
em
p
lo
y
ed
wo
m
e
n
ten
d
to
h
a
v
e
f
ewe
r
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
s
co
r
es
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
o
f
w
o
m
en
in
to
d
a
y
’
s
wo
r
ld
h
as
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
h
ig
h
e
r
f
em
ale
lab
o
r
f
o
r
ce
p
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
,
w
h
ich
in
tu
r
n
h
as
ch
an
g
e
d
th
eir
d
esire
s
f
o
r
c
h
ild
r
en
as
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
o
th
er
g
o
als,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
em
wit
h
g
r
ea
ter
au
to
n
o
m
y
in
m
a
n
y
s
p
h
er
es
o
f
life
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
ag
e
at
m
ar
r
iag
e
n
atu
r
ally
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
y
ea
r
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
m
ar
r
ie
d
life
liv
ed
,
th
u
s
lo
wer
in
g
f
er
tili
ty
lev
els.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
tea
g
ar
d
en
la
b
o
r
er
s
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
er
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
th
an
th
e
o
n
es
w
h
o
h
av
e
lef
t
th
e
tea
g
a
r
d
en
j
o
b
s
an
d
h
a
v
e
s
ettled
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
co
n
f
in
es
o
f
th
e
tea
g
ar
d
en
s
f
o
r
a
b
etter
life
f
o
r
o
n
eself
an
d
f
am
ily
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
tar
g
eted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
wi
th
in
th
is
co
m
m
u
n
ity
a
r
e
im
p
er
ativ
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
f
e
r
tili
ty
lev
els.
W
ith
th
e
tea
in
d
u
s
tr
y
f
ac
i
n
g
a
n
ex
ce
s
s
o
f
u
n
s
k
illed
lab
o
r
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
ests
p
o
licy
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
is
lab
o
r
f
o
r
ce
’
s
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
o
th
er
s
ec
to
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
tar
g
eted
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
in
ce
n
tiv
ize
d
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
ch
em
es,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
in
t
h
eir
n
e
w
ar
ea
s
o
f
wo
r
k
,
p
u
b
lic
-
p
r
iv
ate
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
awa
r
en
ess
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
l
icy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
ec
to
r
d
iv
er
s
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
ese
in
itiativ
es
aim
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
ea
s
e
th
e
s
tr
ain
o
n
th
e
tea
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
b
u
t
also
to
f
o
s
ter
in
clu
s
iv
e
g
r
o
wth
b
y
em
p
o
wer
in
g
th
ese
lab
o
r
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
th
em
with
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
t in
alter
n
ativ
e
s
ec
to
r
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
h
i
g
h
f
er
tili
ty
r
ates
am
o
n
g
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
e
r
s
in
Ass
am
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
o
licy
s
tr
ateg
y
.
I
n
itiativ
es
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
le
g
al
ag
e
o
f
m
ar
r
iag
e
f
o
r
wo
m
en
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
e
x
ten
d
ed
b
r
ea
s
tf
ee
d
in
g
p
r
ac
tices,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
wo
m
en
th
r
o
u
g
h
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t,
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
tar
g
eted
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
wi
th
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
s
ec
to
r
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
alo
n
g
with
in
ce
n
tiv
ized
s
ch
em
es,
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
lab
o
r
f
o
r
ce
’
s
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
to
alter
n
ati
v
e
s
ec
to
r
s
,
ea
s
in
g
th
e
s
tr
ain
o
n
th
e
tea
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
clu
s
iv
e
g
r
o
wth
.
I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e,
p
u
b
li
c
-
p
r
iv
ate
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
s
ec
to
r
d
i
v
er
s
if
icatio
n
ar
e
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
an
d
s
o
ci
o
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
f
o
r
tea
g
ar
d
en
lab
o
r
er
s
s
ettlin
g
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
co
n
f
i
n
es o
f
th
e
tea
g
ar
d
e
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
V
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a
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,
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.
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,
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.
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a
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t
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rXi
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a
p
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ssam
:
m
u
l
t
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-
st
a
k
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h
o
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i
g
h
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s
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n
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o
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st
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s
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mat
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n
v
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m
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c
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,
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p
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[
3
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G
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
Jo
u
r
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e
y
t
o
t
h
e
g
a
r
d
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:
h
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ss
a
m,
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t
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d
i
e
s
i
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Pe
o
p
l
e
s
H
i
s
t
o
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y
,
v
o
l
.
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in
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