Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
Pu
b
li
c Hea
lth
Scie
nce (IJP
HS)
Vo
l.
8
,
No.
4
,
D
ec
201
9
,
pp.
40
0
~
4
05
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806,DOI:
10.
11
591/ij
phs.
v
8
i
4
.
19859
400
Journ
al
home
page
: htt
ps://
ww
w.i
aesco
re
.c
om
/j
our
nals/
ind
ex.
php/IJP
H
S
Knowled
g
e,
attitu
des
,
and
diarrhe
a
prev
ention
Sestiono
M
in
d
ihart
o
,
Fifit
E
ka
Furi
Ast
u
ti
k
Depa
rtment
o
f
P
ubli
c
Hea
l
th, He
al
th
Facult
y
,
Gre
sik Muha
m
m
ad
iy
ah
Univer
si
t
y
,
I
ndonesia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
30
, 201
9
Re
vised
Sep
2
0
, 2
01
9
Accepte
d
Oct
11
, 20
19
The
ai
m
of
the
stud
y
was
to
de
t
ermine
the
r
el
a
tions
hip
bet
wee
n
knowledge
and
at
titudes
in
t
he
pre
vention
of
dia
rrhe
a
l
disea
s
es
in
pat
ie
nts
at
the
Jate
n
II
Hea
lt
h
Center
in
Kara
ngan
y
a
r
R
ege
nc
y
.
Thi
s
t
y
p
e
of
cor
re
la
t
ional
an
aly
t
ic
a
l
rese
arc
h
uses
a
cro
ss
sec
ti
ona
l
appr
oac
h
.
Th
e
sam
pli
ng
te
chn
ique
in
th
is
stud
y
is t
ot
al
sa
m
pli
ng.
Th
e
rese
arc
h
sam
ple of a
ll
m
embers of
th
e
popul
at
io
n
was
ta
ken
for
t
he
st
ud
y
sam
pl
e,
as
m
an
y
as
30
pat
ie
n
ts
sufferi
ng
from
dia
rrhe
a.
The
v
a
ria
bl
es
observe
d
were
knowledg
e
as
an
inde
pend
ent
var
ia
bl
e
and
attit
ud
e
in
pre
venting
diarrhea
l
d
isea
se
as
the
dep
endent
v
ariabl
e
.
Data
anal
y
s
is
emplo
y
ed
Chi
-
sq
uar
e
te
st
.
The
re
sults
show
ed
tha
t
knowledge
of
dia
rrhe
al
dis
ea
ses
in
the
m
a
jori
t
y
of
patients
was
quit
e
as
m
an
y
as
16
responde
nts
or
53.
3%.
Th
e
a
tt
i
tu
de
in
the
pr
eve
n
ti
on
of
dia
r
rhe
a
l
disea
ses
in
the
m
aj
ority
of
pat
i
ent
s
was
le
ss
tha
n
16
responde
nts
or
53.
3%
.
The
r
e
is
a
signifi
c
ant
r
elations
hip
bet
wee
n
knowledge
and
at
titudes
in
the
p
rev
ention
of
dia
rrhe
al
d
isea
s
e
in
p
at
i
ent
s
a
t
the
Jat
en
II
He
al
th
C
ent
er
in
Kara
ngan
y
a
r
Rege
nc
y
with
a
val
ue
of
p=0.012
.
It
is
suggested
tha
t
th
e
pre
vent
ion
of
dia
rrhe
al
d
isea
se
s
is
highly
nee
d
ed
b
y
h
igh
p
at
i
e
nt
awa
r
ene
ss
to
get
a
cl
e
an
and
he
al
th
y
l
ife
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Atti
tud
e
Diarrhea
Kno
wled
ge
Pr
e
ven
ti
on
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ute of
Ad
v
ance
d
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Sesti
onoMin
dih
art
o
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f
Publi
c
Healt
h,
Healt
h
Fac
ulty
, Gresik
Mu
ha
m
m
adiy
ah
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Street
S
um
at
er
a 101 G
resik
K
ota Bar
u (GKB
),
Gr
esi
k
-
6112
1
.
Em
a
il
:
sesti
on
om
ind
iharto
@
um
g.
ac.id
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Diarrhea
is
a
disease
t
hat
is
sti
ll
a
pu
bl
ic
healt
h
probl
e
m
in
dev
el
opin
g
c
ountries
inclu
di
ng
Ind
on
esi
a.
Thi
s
is
du
e
to
t
he
high
m
or
bid
it
y
and
m
or
ta
li
t
y.
Accord
i
ng
to
the
WHO
[
1
]
,
diarrhea
is
s
ti
ll
a
world
healt
h
pro
blem
,
especial
ly
in
dev
el
opin
g
co
untrie
s
.
The
m
agn
it
ud
e
of
the
pr
oblem
is
eviden
t
fr
om
the
hi
gh
rates
of
diar
r
hea
m
orbidity
an
d
m
or
ta
lity
,
wh
i
ch
is
a
r
ound
f
our
bill
ion
ca
s
es
w
or
l
dw
i
de
and
2.
2
m
illi
on
of t
he
m
d
ie
, w
hich
is
dom
inate
d
by
childre
n u
nd
e
r t
he
age
of
5
ye
ars.
Fr
om
2000
t
o
2010
the
m
or
bi
dity
su
rv
ey
carried
out
by
the
De
par
t
m
ent
of
Healt
h
Diar
r
hea
Subd
ist
rict
fou
nd
inc
reased
incide
nce
of
di
arrhea.
I
n
20
00
the
incide
nc
e
of
dia
rrhea
was
301/10
00
reside
nts,
in
2003
the
in
ci
den
ce
of
dia
rrhea
rose
to
374/10
00
re
sidents
,
in
2006
the
incidence
of
diar
rh
ea
r
os
e
to
423/10
00
resi
den
ts
a
nd
in
2010
the
inci
den
ce
of
dia
r
rh
ea
becam
e
411/10
00
resi
den
ts
[
2
]
.
Ba
sed
on
the
patte
rn
of
causes
of
deat
h
of
al
l
ages,
diarrhea
is
the
cause
of
death
ra
nk
e
d
13th
with
a
pro
portion
of
deaths
of
3.5
%.
Wh
il
e
bas
ed
on
in
fecti
ous
disease
s,
di
arr
hea
is
the
third
le
adi
ng
cause
of
dea
th
a
fte
r
Tu
ber
c
ulo
sis a
nd
P
neu
m
on
ia
[
3
]
.
The
pr
e
vale
nce
of d
ia
rrhea
in the
ris
kes
das
of 2
00
7
cl
inica
l
diarrhea
was
9.
0%
(r
a
nge:
4.2
%
-
18.
9%
),
the
highest
in
Nang
ro
e
Ace
h
Darussalam
(NAD)
at
18.
9%
and
the
lo
west
in
S
pecial
Re
gi
on
(
DI)
Yogy
akar
ta
at
4.
2%
.
S
om
e
prov
i
nces
have
a
pr
e
valence
of
cl
inica
l
dia
r
rh
ea>
9%
(NA
D,
West
Su
m
at
ra,
Ri
au,
West
Java,
Ce
ntral
Java,
e
sp
eci
al
ly
in
Kar
an
ga
nyar
Di
stric
t
with
a
hig
h
pr
e
valence
of
cl
inica
l
diar
rh
ea
as
in
dic
at
ed
by
people'
s
knowle
dg
e
an
d
at
ti
tud
e
s
towa
rds
healt
hy
li
vin
g
hab
it
s,
Ba
nte
n,
W
e
st
Nu
sa
T
engga
ra,
East
Nu
s
a
Ten
gg
a
ra,
S
ou
th
Kali
m
antan,
Ce
ntral
Su
la
w
esi
,
Southeast
Su
la
we
si,
G
oron
ta
lo
,
W
e
st
P
apu
a
a
nd
Pa
pua)
[
4
]
.
The
20
13
Ba
si
c
Healt
h
Re
search
res
ults
sho
wed
the
pr
e
val
ence
of
childre
n
suffe
rin
g
fro
m
diarr
hea
dr
oppe
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Kno
wl
ed
ge, att
it
ud
es,
an
d dia
rrh
e
a preve
ntion
(
Sestio
no M
ind
ih
ar
t
o
)
401
dr
am
at
ic
ally, fr
om
9
% in 2
00
7
to 3
.
5%
in 2013.
On
e
of
th
e thing
s that m
ade th
is succes
s achieve
d
was
o
ne
of
knowle
dge
a
nd
at
ti
tud
es,
one
of
w
hich
wa
s
t
he
ha
bit
of
wa
sh
in
g
ha
nd
s
de
creased
[
5
]
.
T
he
H
ouseh
old
H
eal
th
Su
r
vey
(SKRT
),
Mortal
it
y
Stud
y
an
d
Ba
sic
Healt
h
Re
sear
ch
(Riskes
das
)
fr
om
ye
ar
to
ye
ar
are
know
n
that
diarrhea
is
sti
ll
the
m
ai
n
cau
se
of
c
hild
m
or
ta
li
ty
in
Ind
onesi
a.
T
he
m
ain
ca
us
e
of
de
a
th
f
ro
m
diar
rhea
is
inap
pro
pr
ia
te
m
anag
em
ent
bo
th
at
hom
e
and
at
healt
h
faci
li
ti
es.
To
reduc
e
deaths
due
to
diarrhea,
it
ne
eds
a
fast an
d
a
ppr
opriat
e
m
anag
e
m
ent
[
6
]
.
Data
f
ro
m
the
Kar
a
nganya
r
Distric
t
Healt
h
Office
f
ound
the
distri
bu
ti
on
of
cases
a
ccordin
g
to
the
ty
pe
of
dis
ease
in
the
SKD
an
d
the
res
ponse
in
Kar
a
nganya
r
Distric
t
in
2015
as
m
any
as
17,48
5
acut
e
diarrhea
ca
ses
wer
e
ra
nk
e
d
fi
rst
f
ro
m
oth
e
r
diseases.
The
r
esults
of
recapi
tulat
ion
of
pati
ents
wit
h
dia
rrhea
in
healt
h
facil
it
ie
s
and
ca
dr
e
s
in
Jat
en
I
I
Kar
a
nganya
r,
obta
in
ed
res
ults
in
Ja
nu
a
ry
-
Decem
ber
2015
as
m
a
ny
as
1,275
pe
op
le
s
uffer
e
d
from
diarr
hea
sta
rtin
g<
1
ye
ar
to
a
ge
>15
ye
ars,
the
highest
case
s
of
acute
diar
rhea
in
Jan
uar
y
20
15,
as
m
any
as
145
people
be
gan
<
1
ye
ar
t
o
age>
15
ye
ars,
in
Se
ptem
ber
2
01
5
ther
e
was
a
decr
ea
se
in
c
ases
of
acute
di
arr
hea
of
88
pe
op
le
a
nd
in
D
ece
m
ber
20
15
it
increased
t
o
115
people
s
uffer
in
g
from
diarr
hea
rangin
g
from
<
1
ye
ar
to
a
ge
>15
ye
ars.
Wh
il
e
the
a
rea
a
dj
ace
nt
t
o
Jat
e
n
I
I,
nam
el
y
Jat
en
I
Kar
a
nganyar
in
Ja
nuary
-
Dec
e
m
b
er
2015, o
nly 8
48 p
e
ople
suff
e
red f
ro
m
diarrhea
[
7
]
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
ty
pe
of
r
esearch
us
e
d
i
s
correla
ti
on
al
analy
ti
cs
us
in
g
a
cr
os
s
sect
i
on
al
a
ppr
oach.
The
cr
os
s
sect
ion
al
desig
n
is
a
desig
n
w
it
h
obse
rv
at
io
n
an
d
m
easur
em
ent
of
va
riable
s
car
ried
out
a
t
one
par
ti
c
ular
tim
e
on
ly
[
8
]
.
The
analy
ti
cal
cor
r
el
at
ion
m
et
ho
d
in
this
st
udy
was
us
e
d
to
m
easur
e
the
relat
ion
s
hip
be
twee
n
knowle
dge
a
nd
at
ti
tude
s
in
the
pre
ven
ti
on
of
di
arr
heal
disea
ses
in
Jat
en
II
Healt
h
Ce
nter,
Kar
a
nganyar
R
egen
cy
.
The
resea
rch
was
c
arr
ie
d
ou
t
in
Jat
en
II
Healt
h
Ce
nter,
Ka
ra
nganya
r
Re
gency
in
20
17
.
The
po
pu
la
ti
on
in
this
stud
y
wer
e
al
l
diarrh
eal
patie
nts
(all
ages)
in
the
Ja
te
n
II
Healt
h
Ce
n
te
r
in
Ka
ra
nganya
r
Re
gen
cy
(
30
pa
ti
ents
)
.
T
he
s
a
m
pling
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
use
d
in
t
hi
s
stu
dy
wa
s
tot
al
sam
pling
w
her
e
al
l
m
e
m
b
ers
of
the
po
pu
la
ti
on
wer
e
ta
ken
f
or
the
stu
dy
sam
ple
as
m
any
as
30
patie
nts
suffe
rin
g
f
ro
m
diarrhea.
T
he
res
earc
h
instru
m
ent
us
e
d
in
this
stu
dy
was
qu
e
sti
onna
ire.Data
a
naly
sis
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
us
e
d
no
n
-
par
a
m
et
ric
sta
ti
st
ical
te
sts
with c
h
i
-
s
qu
a
r
e test
(
χ
2
) wit
h
a co
nf
i
den
ce
level o
f 9
5% (p
<
0.05).
3.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND
DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
3.1.
Ag
e
of res
pon
dent
s
The
resu
lt
s
of
the
distri
bu
ti
on
base
d
on
t
he
age
of
t
he
res
ponde
nts
can
be
seen
t
hat
m
os
t
of
t
he
a
ge
betwee
n
25
t
o
32
ye
a
rs
as
m
a
ny
as
12
patie
nts
or
40.
0%
.
This
in
dicat
es
that
patie
nts
s
uffe
rin
g
f
ro
m
diarrhea
in
Jat
en
I
I
H
eal
th
Ce
nter
Kar
a
nganyar
Distric
t
are
dom
inate
d
by
t
he
a
ver
a
ge
a
ge
w
hich
te
nds
to
be
pro
du
ct
ive
.
You
ng
e
r
a
ge
is
m
or
e
at
risk
f
or
diarrhea,
be
c
ause
at
a
young
age
there
is
a d
if
fer
e
nce i
n im
m
un
it
y.
Accor
ding
to
[
9
]
,
with
inc
r
easi
ng
a
ge
a
per
s
on
will
exp
e
rience
c
ha
ng
e
s
in
ps
yc
holo
gical
and
ps
yc
holo
gical
aspects
(m
ental
).
Ov
e
rall
ph
y
sic
al
gr
owth
ha
s
four
cat
eg
ori
es
of
cha
ng
es
,
nam
e
ly
chan
ge
s
in
siz
e,
changes
i
n
pro
portio
ns
,
loss
of
old
fea
tures
an
d
em
erg
ence
of
new
char
act
e
risti
cs.
This
occ
ur
s
due
to
m
at
ur
at
ion
of
orga
n
functi
on.
On
the
psy
c
ho
log
ic
al
an
d
m
e
ntal
aspects
of
a
per
s
on
'
s
le
ve
l
of
thin
king
is
m
or
e
m
at
ur
e an
d
m
at
ur
e.
Table
1 presents
the a
ge of
r
es
ponde
nt.
Table
1.
Re
s
po
nd
e
nts
’
age
fre
qu
e
ncy
distrib
ution
No
Ag
e
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
25
–
3
2
tahu
n
12
40.
0%
2.
33
–
4
0
tahu
n
10
33.
3%
3.
>
4
0
tahu
n
8
26.
7%
Total
30
100.
0%
3.2.
Gender
of res
po
n
dents
The
res
ults
of
distrib
ution
ba
sed
on
the
sex
of
the
res
pond
ents
can
be
see
n
that
m
os
t
of
the
w
om
en
wer
e
19
patie
nts
or
63.
3%
.
This
in
dicat
es
that
patie
nts
su
f
fer
i
ng
from
diarrhea
i
n
Ja
te
n
II
Healt
h
Ce
nter
Kar
a
nganyar
Distric
t
are
dom
inate
d
by
wo
m
en.
Ge
nd
er
is
relat
ed
t
o
the
inci
de
nc
e
of
diar
rh
ea
du
e
t
o
the
infl
uen
ce
of
be
hav
i
or
a
nd
ex
pos
ur
e.
D
ia
rr
hea
is
a
ge
nd
e
r
healt
h
pr
ob
le
m
,
wo
m
en
are
m
or
e
at
risk
of
su
f
fer
i
ng
f
ro
m
diar
rh
ea
tha
n
m
en
beca
use
they
are
ge
ner
al
ly
m
or
e
involve
d
i
n
house
hold
act
iv
it
ie
s.
Dail
y
act
ivit
ies
in
the
hous
e
ho
l
d
ca
n
af
fec
t
the
incide
nce
of
diar
rhea,
s
uch
as
co
okin
g,
cl
ea
ning
the
house
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N:
2252
-
8806
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci. V
ol.
8
,
No.
4
,
Dece
m
ber
201
9
:
40
0
–
4
05
402
from
du
st,
and
oth
e
r
ta
sk
s
that
are
a
so
urce
of
path
og
e
n
ex
po
s
ure
in
the
hous
eh
ol
d
as
well
as
var
i
ou
s
chem
ic
al
s
[1
0
]
.
Ta
ble 2 desc
r
ibes the
g
e
nder
of r
e
spo
nd
e
nt.
Table
2.
Re
s
po
nd
e
nt
gende
r
f
r
equ
e
ncy
distrib
ution
No
Gen
d
er
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
Man
11
36.
7%
2.
W
o
m
en
19
63.
3%
Total
30
100
.
0%
3.3.
Educa
tional r
espo
n
den
ts
The
res
ults
of
distrib
ution
ba
sed
on
respo
ndents'
edu
cat
io
n
can
be
see
n
th
at
m
os
t
j
unior
high
sc
hool
gr
a
duat
es
as
m
any
as
11
patie
nts
or
36.7
%
.
This
in
dicat
es
that
patie
nts
s
uffe
rin
g
f
ro
m
diarrhea
in
t
he
J
at
en
I
I
Healt
h
Ce
nter
,
Kar
a
ng
a
nyar
Re
gen
cy
are
dom
i
nated
by
the
la
te
st
j
unio
r
seco
ndary
ed
ucati
on.
T
he
hi
gh
e
r
the
le
vel
of
e
ducat
ion
of
a
pe
rson,
it
is
exp
e
ct
ed
that
the
be
tt
er
the
le
vel
of
unde
rstan
din
g
a
nd
easy
to
receiv
e
m
essages
or
i
nfo
rm
ation
, i
ncl
ud
i
ng in
form
ation
i
n
the
hea
lt
h
sect
or
.
Ed
ucati
on
m
ea
ns
gu
i
da
nce
giv
en
to
so
m
eone
by
s
om
eon
e
f
or
s
om
et
hin
g
so
t
hey
ca
n
unde
rstan
d.
It
can
no
t
be
den
ie
d
that
th
e
higher
a
pe
rson'
s
edu
cat
i
on
is,
t
he
easi
er
they
are
to
receive
in
for
m
at
ion
,
and
i
n
the
e
nd
the
m
or
e
knowle
dge
they
ha
ve.
C
onve
rsely
,
if
so
m
eon
e
has
a
lo
w
le
ve
l
of
e
du
c
at
ion,
it
will
hinder
the
de
velo
pm
ent
of
one'
s
at
ti
tude
towa
r
ds
t
he
acce
pta
nce
of
in
f
or
m
at
ion
an
d
ne
w
values
a
re
introd
uced
[
11
]
.
Table
3
e
xp
l
ai
ns
e
du
cat
io
n of res
ponde
nt.
Table
3.
Re
s
po
nd
e
nts
’
ed
ucati
on freq
ue
ncy di
stribu
ti
on
No
Edu
catio
n
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
Ele
m
en
ta
ry Sch
o
o
l
9
30.
0%
2.
Ju
n
io
r
Hig
h
Scho
o
l
11
36.
7%
3.
Hig
h
Scho
o
l
7
23.
3%
4.
Co
lleg
e
3
10.
0%
Total
30
100.
0%
3.4.
Work
The
distrib
utio
n
resu
lt
s
base
d
on
the
w
ork
of
re
spo
nd
e
nts
can
be
see
n
t
ha
t
m
os
t
hous
e
wives
are
12
patie
nts
or
40.
0%.
T
his
in
dic
at
es
that
patie
nt
s
su
f
fer
i
ng
fro
m
diarrhea
in
J
at
en
I
I
Healt
h
Ce
nter
Kar
a
nganyar
Re
gen
cy
a
re
dom
inate
d
by
j
obs
as
ho
us
e
wive
s.
J
ob
s
gen
e
ra
ll
y
relat
e
to
inc
om
e
so
that
it
aff
ect
s
t
he
a
bili
ty
of
acce
ss
in
the
fiel
d
of
healt
h
serv
ic
es
.
S
om
eon
e
wit
h
good
wor
k
an
d
incom
e
will
fin
d
it
easi
er
to
m
eet
the n
ee
ds o
f food, cl
ot
hing, s
helte
r
a
nd h
eal
th service
s t
ha
n
th
os
e
w
it
h l
ow inc
om
e.
The
w
or
k
will
determ
ine
the
so
ci
o
-
ec
onomi
c
sta
tus
beca
use
from
work
al
l
need
s
will
be
f
ulfill
ed
.
Wor
k
does
not
on
ly
hav
e
ec
onom
ic
value,
but
hum
an
effo
rts
to
get
sat
isfact
ion
a
nd
ge
t
rew
ar
ds
or
w
ages,
in
the
f
or
m
of
goods
a
nd
se
rvi
ces,
will
m
eet
their
li
fe
nee
ds.
Work
is
a
m
us
t
f
or
e
ver
y
i
nd
i
vidual
beca
us
e
i
n
work
t
her
e
a
r
e
two
as
pects
,
physi
cal
sat
isfact
ion
a
nd
f
ulfillm
ent
of
l
ife
nee
ds
[
12
]
.
Table
4
pre
sents
the em
plo
ym
e
nt of
res
ponde
nt.
Table
4
.
Distri
bu
ti
on
of fre
quency o
f w
ork o
f
re
spo
nd
e
nts
No
W
o
rk
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
Ho
u
sewif
e
12
40.
0%
2.
Labo
rer
2
6
.
7%
3.
Far
m
e
r
10
33
.
3%
4.
Entrep
reneu
r
3
10
.
0%
5.
Private
3
10
.
0%
Total
30
100.
0%
3.5.
Kno
w
le
d
ge of
diarrhe
a
in
patie
nt
s
in
Jaten
II
He
alt
h
Cen
ter
,
Ka
r
ang
anya
r
Re
genc
y
Ba
sed
on
the
r
esults
of
t
he
st
ud
y,
Ta
ble
5
s
hows
t
hat
the
knowle
dge
of
diarrheal
disea
ses
in
patie
nts
in
the
Jat
en
II
Healt
h
Ce
nter
in
Kar
a
nganya
r
Re
gen
cy
was
as
m
uch
as
16
patie
nts
or
53.
3%.
L
ow
knowle
dge
and
ig
nora
nce
resu
lt
in
m
ishand
li
ng
w
hen
prepa
rin
g
foo
d/d
ri
nk
s
.
T
her
e
f
or
e
ed
ucati
on
about
handlin
g
f
ood
includi
ng w
at
e
r br
in
gs g
reat b
enef
it
s to
pre
ve
nt d
ia
rrheal
diseases
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t.
J.
Publi
c He
al
th Sci.
IS
S
N: 22
52
-
8806
Kno
wl
ed
ge, att
it
ud
es,
an
d dia
rrh
e
a preve
ntion
(
Sestio
no M
ind
ih
ar
t
o
)
403
Kno
wled
ge
is a
ver
y
im
po
rta
nt
dom
ai
n
to
m
ast
er,
becau
se
b
y
knowi
ng
s
om
et
hin
g
we
ca
n
im
ple
m
en
t
and
m
ake
guideli
nes
for
f
urt
her
act
io
ns
[
13
]
.
Kno
wled
ge
is
a
gu
i
deline
in
s
ha
ping
a
per
s
on'
s
act
ions
an
d
beh
a
vior.
The
existe
nce
of
knowle
dge
will
raise
awa
re
nes
s
of
s
om
eon
e
who
finall
y
trigg
e
re
d
it
to
be
hav
e
in
accor
da
nce
with the
kn
ow
le
dge they
ha
ve
[
14
]
.
Table
5.
K
now
le
dg
e
of
diarrh
ea
No
Kn
o
wled
g
e
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
Less
8
26.
7%
2.
Eno
u
g
h
16
53.
3%
3.
W
ell
6
20.
0%
Total
30
100.
0%
3.6.
Attitude
s in
p
reven
tion o
f
d
iarrhea
in p
at
ie
nt
s in
Jate
n
II
He
alth Ce
n
ter,
Ka
r
ang
anya
r
Re
genc
y
Table
6
s
hows
that
the
at
ti
tud
e
in
the
prev
ention
of
diar
r
heal
disea
ses
i
n
patie
nts
in
t
he
Jat
e
n
II
Healt
h
Ce
nter
in
Kar
a
ng
a
ny
ar
Re
gen
cy
w
as
16
%
or
53.
3%.
T
he
f
or
m
at
ion
of
at
ti
tud
es
is
influ
e
nc
ed
by
per
s
onal
ex
peri
ence,
cultu
re,
oth
e
r
pe
ople
w
ho
a
re
co
ns
i
de
red
im
po
rtan
t,
m
ass
m
edia,
etc.
The
asse
ssm
ent
of
the
at
ti
tud
e
of
cl
ean
an
d
healt
hy
li
vin
g
incl
udes
the
use
of
cl
ean
water,
w
ashin
g
ha
nds
with
cl
ean
wat
er
an
d
so
a
p
an
d
us
i
ng
healt
hy
la
trines
sh
owin
g
at
ti
tud
e
s
that
support
the
pr
e
ven
ti
on
of
diar
rh
eal
diseases.
Atti
tud
e
i
s
certai
n
regular
it
y
in
te
r
m
s
of
feeli
ng
(a
ff
ect
ion),
th
ought
(co
gnit
ion),
a
nd
pr
e
dis
po
si
ng
act
ion
s
(ko
na
si)
on
e
ano
t
her to
ward
s one as
pect in
the s
urrou
nd
i
ng
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
[
15
]
.
Ever
y
i
nd
i
vidu
al
has
a
dif
fere
nt
at
ti
tud
e
t
o
each
oth
e
r.
I
nd
i
viduals
have
a
p
os
it
ive
at
ti
tud
e
w
he
n
ind
ivi
du
al
s
fee
l
happy
a
nd
ar
e
able
to
put
th
e
m
sel
ves
at
th
e
le
vel
of
e
xisti
ng
at
ti
tude
s
[
1
6
]
.
Acc
ordi
ng
to
[
3
]
a p
ers
on'
s att
itu
de
t
owar
ds
a
n object i
s a
feeli
ng
of
sup
porting
or f
a
vorin
g (f
eel
in
g)
a
nd fe
el
ing
no
t s
upporti
ng
or im
pa
rtia
l (u
nf
a
vora
ble) o
n t
he
ob
j
ect
.
Table
6.
Atti
tud
e in
pre
ven
ti
on
of d
ia
r
r
hea
No
Attitu
d
e
Frequ
en
cy
Percentag
e
1.
Less
16
53.
3%
2.
W
ell
14
46.
7%
Total
30
100
.
0%
3.6.
Rela
tion
s
hip
between
kn
ow
le
dg
e
an
d
attitud
es
in
pre
venti
on
of
dia
rrhea
in
patie
nt
s
in
Jaten
I
I
Healt
h
Cent
er
,
K
arangan
ya
r
Re
genc
y
The
res
ults
of
the
curre
nt
stu
dy
are
in
li
ne
with
his
re
sear
ch
[
17
]
sta
te
d
that
there
wa
s
a
sign
ific
a
nt
relat
ion
s
hip
be
tween
m
oth
er'
s
know
le
dg
e
,
at
ti
tud
es
an
d
beh
a
vior
to
w
ard
s
t
he
incid
ence
of
dia
rrh
ea
in
childre
n
unde
r
five
at
P
at
ta
la
ssan
g
P
ub
li
c
He
al
th
Ce
nter,
Ta
kalar
Distric
t.
The
res
ults
of
the
resea
rc
h
of
[
1
8
]
con
cl
u
de
d
that
there
was
a
sign
i
ficant
relat
ion
s
hi
p
betwee
n
the
relat
ion
s
hip
bet
ween
knowle
dge
an
d
the
hab
it
of w
as
hing
ha
nds
with s
oa
p
in
hou
s
ewi
ves
to
preve
nt
diarrh
ea an
d ARI.
The
creati
on
of
a
healt
hy
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
is
inseparable
f
r
om
the
con
t
ribu
ti
on
of
hum
an
be
ha
vio
r
.
Healt
h
ser
vices
will
al
so
no
t
su
ccee
d
if
th
ere
is
no
cha
nge
in
be
hav
i
or
even
th
ough
healt
h
facil
it
ies
are
adequate
.
So
m
e
ind
ic
at
ors
t
ha
t
can
a
ff
ect
di
arr
heal
diseas
es
in
Jat
e
nK
a
r
ang
a
nyar
su
c
h
as
cl
ean
an
d
healt
hy
li
vin
g
be
ha
vio
r
(PHBS
)
a
re
st
il
l
low,
t
her
e
a
re
sti
ll
m
any
fa
m
ilies
that
do
not
hav
e
acce
ss
to
cl
ean
wat
er
a
nd
the
la
ck
of
fam
il
ie
s
who
hav
e
basic
sa
nitat
ion
facil
it
ie
s
that
m
eet
healt
h
re
qu
i
rem
ents
will
aff
ect
t
he
in
c
rease
diarrhea
in
Jat
en,
Kar
a
ngany
ar
Re
ge
ncy.
O
ne
of
the
t
hings
that
m
ade
this
su
ccess
a
chieve
d
wa
s
one
of
knowle
dge
an
d
at
ti
tud
es,
on
e
of
wh
ic
h
was
t
he
ha
bit
of
wa
sh
in
g
ha
nds
so
that
diarrhea
cou
l
d
dec
rease
[
19
]
.
Table
7
s
hows
the r
es
ult o
f rel
at
ion
s
hip
betw
een
var
ia
bles.
Table
7.
Re
la
ti
on
s
hi
p betwee
n kno
wled
ge
a
nd att
it
ud
es i
n pr
e
ve
ntion o
f d
ia
rr
hea
Kn
o
wled
g
e
Attitu
d
e
Total
p
C
Less
W
ell
f
%
f
%
f
%
Less
6
20
.
0
2
6.
7
8
26.
7
0.
012
0.
478
Eno
u
g
h
10
33.
3
6
20.
0
16
53.
3
W
ell
0
0.
0
6
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0
6
20.
0
Total
16
53.
3
14
46
.
7
30
100
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
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8806
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