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a
s
k
s
to
al
l
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
a
n
d
v
i
s
ito
r
s
,
as
w
ell
as
p
r
o
v
i
s
io
n
o
f
h
an
d
w
as
h
i
n
g
f
ac
il
ities
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
y
m
a
n
y
co
m
p
an
ie
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
e
x
a
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
em
ic
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
s
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
co
u
n
t
r
y
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
a
n
al
y
ze
d
w
h
a
t
th
e
co
m
p
an
ie
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
f
o
u
r
s
co
p
es
o
f
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es:
t
h
e
p
o
lic
y
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
asp
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
,
h
e
alth
a
n
d
s
af
et
y
,
a
n
d
ex
ter
n
a
l a
cti
v
it
ies.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
w
as
all
co
m
p
a
n
ies
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
er
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
th
at
ag
r
ee
d
to
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
ese
ar
ch
w
a
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
1
0
6
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
r
o
m
1
0
6
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
p
an
ies.
Ne
v
er
th
e
less
,
th
r
ee
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
et
u
r
n
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
i
n
co
m
p
lete
a
n
d
lef
t
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
to
1
0
3
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
ies
t
h
at
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
w
o
r
k
ed
i
n
ar
e
b
o
t
h
s
ta
te
-
o
w
n
ed
an
d
p
r
i
v
ate
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
ar
e
e
n
g
a
g
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
a
g
r
icu
l
tu
r
e,
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
c
h
e
m
ical
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
,
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies,
co
n
s
u
m
er
g
o
o
d
s
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
p
r
o
p
er
ty
a
n
d
b
u
ild
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
,
f
i
n
a
n
ci
al,
an
d
tr
ad
e
an
d
in
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
a
r
e
h
ea
lt
h
,
s
a
f
et
y
,
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
HSE)
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
f
r
o
m
e
ac
h
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
T
h
is
o
p
tio
n
w
as
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
w
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
m
a
n
ag
ed
u
n
d
er
th
e
Hea
lt
h
an
d
Sa
f
et
y
d
ep
ar
t
m
e
n
t.
So
m
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
m
i
g
h
t
ap
p
o
in
t
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
es
u
n
d
er
its
p
h
y
s
ician
s
,
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
d
o
cto
r
s
,
o
r
m
ed
i
ca
l
tea
m
.
Ne
v
er
th
e
less
,
t
h
e
H
SE
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
w
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
w
id
el
y
a
v
ailab
le
as
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
es
ian
r
e
g
u
lat
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
it.
Hea
lt
h
ca
r
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
w
er
e
ex
c
lu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
at
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
f
ac
ili
ties
’
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
m
u
ch
s
tr
icter
th
an
n
o
n
-
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
etti
n
g
s
.
2
.
2
.
Q
uic
k
a
s
s
es
s
m
e
nt
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
as
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
a
g
ai
n
s
t
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
o
n
ea
ch
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
.
T
h
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
B
etter
W
o
r
k
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
B
W
I
)
’
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
Gu
id
a
n
ce
[
8
]
w
it
h
ad
d
itio
n
al
q
u
e
s
tio
n
s
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
,
i.e
.
OS
HA
3
9
9
0
Gu
id
an
ce
o
n
P
r
ep
ar
in
g
W
o
r
k
p
lace
s
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
9
]
an
d
C
DC
’
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
I
n
ter
i
m
G
u
id
an
ce
f
o
r
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
es
a
n
d
E
m
p
lo
y
er
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
OSH
A
a
n
d
C
D
C
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
i
n
Hea
lth
an
d
Saf
e
t
y
f
ie
l
d
as
t
h
e
y
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
s
cien
t
if
ic
s
tu
d
ie
s
an
d
p
ar
tak
e
th
e
s
o
cio
-
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
m
p
r
i
s
ed
o
f
f
iv
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
titl
e
,
r
eg
io
n
,
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
)
,
p
o
lic
y
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
e.
g
.
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
lan
an
d
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
,
e.
g
.
,
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
ta
n
ci
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
f
lex
ib
le
w
o
r
k
s
ites
,
h
ea
lt
h
an
d
s
a
f
et
y
,
e.
g
.
,
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
f
ac
e
m
a
s
k
a
n
d
h
an
d
w
a
s
h
f
ac
ili
t
y
,
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
ac
ti
v
it
ies,
e.
g
.
,
telec
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
w
it
h
th
e
s
u
p
p
lier
an
d
ze
r
o
v
is
itin
g
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
w
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
u
s
in
g
an
o
n
li
n
e
lin
k
to
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
2
.
3
.
D
a
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata
w
er
e
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
I
B
M
SP
SS
Statis
t
ics
2
2
.
0
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
i
s
co
n
s
is
ted
m
ai
n
l
y
o
f
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
cr
o
s
s
t
h
e
1
0
6
in
itial
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
1
0
3
(
9
7
.
2
%)
o
f
th
e
m
r
etu
r
n
ed
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
co
m
p
letel
y
.
T
ab
le
1
ex
h
ib
it
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
th
at
co
v
er
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
,
r
e
g
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
a
n
d
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
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4
.
4
%)
ar
e
h
o
ld
in
g
a
p
o
s
iti
o
n
as
an
HSE
Su
p
er
v
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s
o
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d
v
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n
ee
r
in
t
h
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r
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tiv
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m
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ies,
f
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ed
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n
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p
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n
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to
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d
m
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6
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5
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As
f
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r
th
e
r
eg
io
n
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
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n
ies
ar
e
lo
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ted
,
m
o
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t
o
f
th
e
r
esp
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n
d
en
t
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ar
e
b
ased
in
J
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a
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f
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w
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b
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m
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R
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in
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p
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p
lace
h
as
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
p
lan
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ca
s
es
at
w
o
r
k
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
9
5
.
1
%
o
f
th
e
s
aid
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
an
d
i
ts
co
n
tr
o
l.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
o
n
l
y
7
3
.
8
%
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
ec
eip
t
o
f
th
e
g
o
o
d
s
.
A
s
p
ec
if
i
c
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tea
m
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ce
n
t
e
r
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
19
at
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
is
av
ailab
le
i
n
9
1
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
ilar
p
er
c
en
tag
e
also
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
an
i
es th
at
s
o
cialize
d
t
h
e
h
o
t
li
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
a
n
d
r
ef
er
r
al
h
o
s
p
itals
f
o
r
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
ca
s
e
s
to
th
eir
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
.
On
l
y
4
2
.
7
%
h
av
e
h
ad
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
d
r
ill
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ca
s
es.
A
ll
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
(
1
0
0
%)
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
th
er
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
an
e
f
f
o
r
t
in
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
al
s
o
u
r
g
ed
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
n
o
t
to
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
itie
s
th
at
in
v
o
l
v
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
eo
p
le.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
Op
er
atio
n
s
a
n
d
J
o
b
s
,
9
5
.
1
%
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
f
le
x
ib
le
w
o
r
k
s
ite
an
d
w
o
r
k
h
o
u
r
s
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ic
al
d
is
tan
ci
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
ite
it
s
el
f
,
9
0
.
3
%
o
f
th
e
m
h
av
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
th
er
e
i
s
a
r
ed
es
ig
n
in
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
On
t
h
e
les
s
er
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
,
ar
o
u
n
d
s
ev
e
n
t
y
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
h
a
v
e
m
o
d
i
f
ied
t
h
e
d
in
i
n
g
ar
ea
to
li
m
it
to
t
h
e
d
is
tan
c
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
w
o
r
k
er
.
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o
th
er
asp
ec
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
lace
r
ed
esig
n
i
n
g
,
i.e
.
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
v
en
tilatio
n
a
n
d
d
iv
id
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
r
ea
k
ti
m
e
i
n
to
s
ev
er
al
s
h
if
t
s
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
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4
.
1
%
an
d
6
6
.
0
%
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
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ll
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
s
h
av
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
th
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
to
s
t
a
y
at
h
o
m
e
w
h
e
n
e
v
er
th
e
y
f
e
lt
s
ick
,
w
h
i
le
8
2
%
o
f
th
e
m
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
th
eir
w
o
r
k
p
lace
allo
w
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
t
o
s
ta
y
h
o
m
e
if
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ick
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
er
.
Su
b
j
ec
ts
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
co
m
p
li
an
ce
in
m
o
s
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
o
cc
u
p
a
tio
n
al
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
asp
ec
ts
.
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a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
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o
n
s
es
g
a
th
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ed
,
all
o
f
th
e
m
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
h
an
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
co
n
d
u
cti
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g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
ch
ec
k
s
f
o
r
w
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r
k
e
r
s
p
r
io
r
to
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ter
in
g
co
m
p
an
y
p
r
em
i
s
es.
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n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
al
m
o
s
t
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
9
4
-
9
9
%)
h
av
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
ir
co
m
p
an
ie
s
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
ea
lt
h
c
h
ec
k
s
to
th
eir
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
d
r
eq
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ir
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t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
as
k
s
f
o
r
w
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r
k
er
s
,
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w
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l
as
v
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s
ito
r
s
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d
v
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d
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r
s
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n
c
o
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
m
to
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o
r
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ir
ato
r
y
etiq
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e
tte,
an
d
r
eg
u
l
ar
clea
n
u
p
th
e
w
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r
k
ar
ea
w
it
h
d
is
in
f
ec
tan
ts
.
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t
o
f
1
0
3
r
esp
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n
d
en
ts
,
9
0
.
3
%
h
av
e
ad
v
i
s
ed
th
eir
w
o
r
k
er
s
to
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r
in
g
th
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o
w
n
p
r
ay
e
r
r
u
g
an
d
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
ca
r
p
ets
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
a
y
in
g
r
o
o
m
to
a
v
o
id
th
e
v
ir
al
co
n
ta
m
in
a
tio
n
.
On
l
y
6
2
.
1
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
a
t sp
r
ay
in
g
d
is
i
n
f
ec
ta
n
t to
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
v
eh
icles a
n
d
ad
v
ice
w
o
r
k
er
s
n
o
t
to
u
s
e
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
k
er
s
'
w
o
r
k
in
g
to
o
ls
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
tak
en
as
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
a
g
ai
n
s
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
A
s
f
o
r
ex
ter
n
al
ac
tiv
itie
s
a
s
p
ec
ts
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
o
n
all
o
f
th
e
asp
ec
ts
as
s
ess
ed
:
ch
ec
k
g
u
est
tr
av
e
l
h
is
to
r
y
(
8
6
.
4
%),
s
u
s
p
e
n
d
th
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
tr
ip
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
cit
y
/co
u
n
tr
y
(
9
5
.
1
%),
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
v
ir
t
u
al
m
ee
ti
n
g
/teleco
n
f
er
en
ce
i
n
s
tea
d
o
f
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
m
ee
ti
n
g
(
9
7
.
1
%),
an
d
r
estrict
v
is
ito
r
’
s
v
is
it
(
1
0
0
%).
T
h
e
OSH
A
e
m
p
h
a
s
ized
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
r
is
k
id
en
ti
f
ica
tio
n
i
n
w
o
r
k
p
lace
s
etti
n
g
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
de
ter
m
in
e
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
ap
p
licab
le
co
n
tr
o
l
[
9
]
.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
a
s
et
o
f
p
o
lic
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
to
o
ls
th
at
co
u
ld
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
er
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
B
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
u
c
h
p
o
lic
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
d
o
th
e
p
r
o
m
p
t
ac
tio
n
in
r
eg
ar
d
s
w
it
h
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
,
as
w
e
ll
as
is
o
latio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
tiall
y
i
n
f
ec
t
io
u
s
w
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r
k
er
s
o
r
ar
ea
s
w
h
er
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ar
e
co
n
tr
ac
ted
w
i
th
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
co
u
ld
also
s
et
u
p
its
o
w
n
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
r
is
k
m
atr
ices
t
h
at
est
i
m
a
te
t
h
e
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
at
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
s
etti
n
g
an
d
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
w
o
r
k
er
s
[
1
2
]
.
Occ
u
p
atio
n
al
ex
p
o
s
u
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
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o
r
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d
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
i
n
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
u
n
tr
ies,
e.
g
.
,
Si
n
g
ap
o
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
6
8
%
o
f
its
f
ir
s
t
2
5
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
as
w
o
r
k
p
lace
-
r
elate
d
[
1
3
]
.
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
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e
s
T
o
t
a
l
n
=
1
0
3
%
P
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t
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o
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n
t
h
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c
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m
p
a
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M
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r
/
S
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f
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r
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T
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c
h
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a
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p
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so
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En
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e
r
30
17
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9
.
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.
4
Re
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ma
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15
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Ty
p
e
o
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d
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A
g
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c
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d
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mal
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u
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n
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)
M
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B
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1
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[
1
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0
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C
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at
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
ar
ea
-
s
etti
n
g
li
k
e
r
estau
r
a
n
t
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
r
eg
ar
d
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
v
e
n
tila
tio
n
,
6
4
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
h
av
e
h
a
d
s
o
m
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
in
t
h
e
v
en
t
ilatio
n
at
w
o
r
k
.
P
r
o
p
er
v
en
tilatio
n
is
a
p
ar
t
o
f
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
.
I
ts
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
ap
p
l
icatio
n
,
i.e
.
,
lo
ca
l
ex
h
au
s
t
v
en
t
ilatio
n
(
L
E
V)
an
d
Hea
ti
n
g
,
v
e
n
tilati
n
g
a
n
d
air
co
n
d
itio
n
i
n
g
(
HV
AC
)
ar
e
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
I
n
d
o
o
r
air
q
u
alit
y
(
I
A
Q)
b
y
d
i
s
p
lacin
g
an
d
d
il
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
air
b
o
r
n
e
co
n
ta
m
in
a
n
t.
W
h
ile
it
i
s
g
e
n
er
al
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
an
d
e
m
ics
s
p
r
ea
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
r
o
p
lets
,
s
o
m
e
ar
g
u
e
d
th
at
it
i
s
h
ig
h
l
y
li
k
el
y
a
n
air
b
o
r
n
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lik
e
it
s
p
r
ed
ec
ess
o
r
,
SAR
S
-
C
o
V
-
1
[
3
3
]
.
C
o
m
p
an
ie
s
n
ee
d
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
it
s
ex
is
ti
n
g
b
u
ild
i
n
g
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ls
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
an
n
er
.
P
ar
ticu
late
s
f
il
tr
atio
n
,
air
d
is
in
f
ec
ta
n
t
a
n
d
m
in
i
m
iz
in
g
air
r
ec
ir
cu
latio
n
ar
e
o
th
er
ap
p
licab
le
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
at
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
[
3
4
]
.
W
e
m
an
a
g
ed
to
as
k
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
clea
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
i
n
f
ec
ti
o
n
.
W
HO
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
d
is
in
f
ec
tio
n
p
r
ac
tices
to
lo
wer
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
co
n
ta
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
t
h
e
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
5
]
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
d
is
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
t
o
h
alt
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
S
A
R
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
[
3
6
]
,
[
37]
.
Dis
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
h
all
b
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
th
e
h
i
g
h
to
u
c
h
s
u
r
f
ac
es
s
u
c
h
as
d
o
o
r
h
an
d
les,
d
in
in
g
ar
ea
,
b
at
h
r
o
o
m
s
u
r
f
ac
es,
w
ater
tap
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
k
e
y
b
o
ar
d
s
s
h
all.
A
l
m
o
s
t
all
(
9
6
%)
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
h
ad
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
e
clea
n
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
in
f
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
i
le
o
n
l
y
6
2
%
h
a
d
d
o
n
e
th
at
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
v
eh
ic
les.
W
HO
d
o
n
o
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
th
e
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
l
e
s
p
r
ay
i
n
g
in
o
p
en
s
p
ac
es
ar
e
as
as
it
d
ee
m
ed
as
in
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
[
3
5
]
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
d
is
i
n
f
ec
t
io
n
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
v
eh
icle
co
u
ld
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
its
h
i
g
h
-
to
u
c
h
s
u
r
f
ac
es
li
k
e
d
o
o
r
p
an
el,
h
an
d
le,
an
d
s
w
itc
h
.
A
ll
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
th
e
y
h
ad
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
h
a
n
d
h
y
g
ie
n
e
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
,
i.e
.
,
h
an
d
w
a
s
h
in
g
f
ac
ilit
ies i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
s
o
ap
an
d
/o
r
s
an
itizer
w
it
h
at
least 6
0
% a
l
co
h
o
l.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
h
ea
lth
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
w
er
e
ta
k
e
n
a
d
eq
u
atel
y
.
C
o
n
d
u
ct
in
g
h
ea
l
th
ch
ec
k
(
p
r
e
-
j
o
b
,
p
er
io
d
ic,
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al)
w
a
s
also
tak
e
n
b
y
th
e
v
ast
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
-
9
6
%.
A
t
t
h
e
ti
m
e
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic,
a
la
r
g
e
-
s
ca
le
m
ed
ical
s
cr
ee
n
i
n
g
,
i
.
e.
,
s
w
ab
te
s
ti
n
g
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
b
est
s
tr
ate
g
y
to
p
r
ev
en
t
an
y
co
n
ta
g
io
u
s
p
er
s
o
n
f
r
o
m
en
ter
i
n
g
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
w
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
r
et
u
r
n
i
n
g
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
as
m
a
n
y
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
av
e
b
eg
u
n
to
r
eo
p
en
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
A
s
s
u
c
h
,
th
e
g
u
id
eli
n
e
o
f
r
etu
r
n
to
w
o
r
k
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
at
,
th
e
d
ail
y
c
h
ec
k
o
f
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
h
ea
lt
h
u
s
i
n
g
a
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
c
h
ec
k
i
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
[
3
9
]
,
an
d
th
e
r
ep
ea
ted
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
[
4
0
]
.
W
HO
s
et
t
h
e
b
o
d
y
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
3
7
.
3
°C
o
r
h
ig
h
er
as
a
n
i
n
d
icato
r
o
f
l
o
w
-
g
r
ad
e
f
ev
er
an
d
m
ild
co
u
g
h
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
19
[
3
0
]
.
A
l
l
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
at
th
e
y
h
ad
co
n
d
u
cted
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
ch
ec
k
f
o
r
w
o
r
k
er
s
p
r
io
r
to
en
ter
in
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
lace
.
P
er
s
o
n
al
p
r
o
tectiv
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
PP
E
)
is
o
f
ten
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
last
r
eso
r
t
to
p
r
o
tect
w
o
r
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
ha
za
r
d
s
,
y
et
it
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
iti
ca
l
o
n
e.
R
esp
ir
ato
r
y
p
r
o
tectiv
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
b
ec
a
m
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
P
P
E
as
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
r
o
u
tes
o
f
en
tr
y
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ar
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
s
p
ir
ato
r
y
tr
ac
t
s
.
NI
OSH
-
ce
r
ti
f
ied
N9
5
an
d
E
U’
s
FF
P
2
r
esp
ir
ato
r
s
ar
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
f
ac
e
m
as
k
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
s
to
c
k
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
,
t
h
o
s
e
m
as
k
s
ar
e
p
r
io
r
itized
f
o
r
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
w
o
r
k
er
s
w
h
o
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
at
a
h
i
g
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
4
1
]
.
L
ater
,
W
HO
ad
v
is
ed
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
o
n
-
m
ed
ical
m
as
k
t
h
a
t
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
clo
th
f
ab
r
ic
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
w
h
er
e
p
h
y
s
ical
d
i
s
t
an
cin
g
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
,
o
r
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
ar
e
i
n
clo
s
e
co
n
tact
w
it
h
o
t
h
er
s
[
4
2
]
.
Ou
r
s
t
u
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
e
co
m
p
l
ian
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
a
s
k
s
at
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
w
er
e
9
9
%
f
o
r
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
a
n
d
9
4
%
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
ti
m
ed
v
is
ito
r
s
/v
e
n
d
o
r
s
/co
n
tr
ac
to
r
s
.
W
e
d
id
n
o
t
ask
f
u
r
t
h
er
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
as
k
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
at
th
e
ir
w
o
r
k
p
lace
.
E
v
en
s
o
,
o
n
e
m
eta
-
an
al
y
s
i
s
[
2
8
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
ac
e
m
a
s
k
w
a
s
p
r
o
tectiv
e
w
ith
n
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
ett
i
n
g
(
N9
5
m
a
s
k
)
an
d
n
o
n
-
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
etti
n
g
(
clo
th
m
a
s
k
)
.
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic
h
as
r
es
tr
icted
th
e
p
eo
p
le’
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
g
lo
b
e
w
i
th
m
an
y
tr
a
v
el
r
estrictio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
o
s
e
d
.
W
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t 9
5
% o
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
h
ad
s
u
s
p
en
d
ed
lo
ca
l o
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
bu
s
i
n
ess
tr
av
el
to
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
r
is
k
o
f
co
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
.
T
r
av
el
b
an
s
w
er
e
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
to
d
ela
y
t
h
e
w
id
esp
r
ea
d
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
esti
m
a
ted
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
ca
s
e
u
p
to
7
9
%
[
4
3
]
an
d
86%
[
4
4
]
.
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3
.
1
.
Study
l
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it
a
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Ou
r
s
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u
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y
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a
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tag
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s
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p
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in
it
s
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eliab
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.
A
s
a
s
elf
-
r
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ted
d
ata,
th
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e
w
a
s
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o
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h
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tig
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tio
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cted
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ch
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s
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.
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3
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m
s
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q
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tio
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air
e
w
e
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b
ased
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v
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ce
s
.
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less
,
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alid
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So
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u
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.
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o
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v
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co
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t
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HSE
p
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s
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n
e
l
w
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C
OVI
D
-
1
9
co
n
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s
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to
in
f
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to
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s
m
a
ll
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m
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e
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ter
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esp
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t
b
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ex
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ated
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ac
tio
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s
ta
k
en
ag
ain
s
t C
OVI
D
-
1
9
at
th
eir
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
co
m
p
an
ies
h
ad
tak
en
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ec
au
t
io
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ar
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m
ea
s
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r
es
ag
ain
s
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
at
th
eir
w
o
r
k
p
lace
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
all
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
p
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licy
an
d
p
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d
u
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e,
o
p
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atio
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asp
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t,
h
ea
lt
h
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s
af
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y
,
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
ac
ti
v
itie
s
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
te
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
also
n
o
t
ed
th
at
C
OVI
D
-
19
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
ex
er
ci
s
e
at
w
o
r
k
h
ad
n
o
t
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
c
ted
b
y
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
co
n
ce
r
n
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
OVI
D
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19
ca
s
es
t
h
at
k
ee
p
g
r
o
w
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g
,
th
e
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
h
all
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
co
n
s
is
ten
c
y
.
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
ll
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
lates
t
u
p
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f
t
h
e
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p
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d
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w
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ad
d
itio
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al
m
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s
u
r
es
n
ee
d
to
b
e
tak
en
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
Co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
S
it
u
a
ti
o
n
Re
p
o
rts,
"
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:
/
/www
.
w
h
o
.
in
t/
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
ies
/d
ise
a
se
s/n
o
v
e
l
-
c
o
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
-
2
0
1
9
/sit
u
a
ti
o
n
-
re
p
o
rts/.
[2
]
W
o
rld
He
a
lt
h
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
W
HO
Co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
Da
sh
b
o
a
rd
|
W
H
O
Co
ro
n
a
v
ir
u
s
Dise
a
se
(COV
ID
-
1
9
)
Da
sh
b
o
a
rd
,
"
2
0
2
1
.
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
c
o
v
id
1
9
.
w
h
o
.
i
n
t/
re
g
io
n
/se
a
ro
/co
u
n
try
/i
d
.
[3
]
Ce
n
ter
f
o
r
S
trate
g
ic
A
n
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
t
u
d
ies
,
‘S
o
u
th
e
a
st
A
sia
Co
v
id
-
1
9
T
ra
c
k
e
r
|
Ce
n
ter
f
o
r
S
trate
g
ic
a
n
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
tu
d
ies
’,
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
l
in
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
c
sis.o
rg
/p
ro
g
ra
m
s/so
u
th
e
a
st
-
a
sia
-
p
ro
g
ra
m
/so
u
th
e
a
st
-
a
sia
-
c
o
v
id
-
19
-
trac
k
e
r
-
0.
[4
]
R.
Dja
lan
te
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
re
sp
o
n
se
s
t
o
COV
ID
-
1
9
in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
P
e
rio
d
o
f
Ja
n
u
a
ry
to
M
a
rc
h
2
0
2
0
,
"
Pro
g
re
ss
Disa
ste
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
6
,
p
.
1
0
0
0
9
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
S
tatisti
c
s
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
"
P
o
p
u
lati
o
n
1
5
Ye
a
rs
a
n
d
Ov
e
r
W
h
o
W
o
rk
e
d
b
y
b
y
M
a
in
In
d
u
stry
1
9
8
6
-
2
0
1
9
,
"
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w
.
b
p
s.g
o
.
id
/d
y
n
a
m
icta
b
le/2
0
2
0
/0
2
/1
9
/
1
7
7
5
/
p
e
n
d
u
d
u
k
-
b
e
ru
m
u
r
-
15
-
ta
h
u
n
-
ke
-
a
tas
-
m
e
n
u
ru
t
-
jen
is
-
k
e
g
iata
n
-
tah
u
n
-
1
9
8
6
---
2
0
1
9
.
h
tm
l.
[6
]
M
in
istry
o
f
M
a
n
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
Re
p
u
b
li
c
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
"
M
in
istry
o
f
M
a
n
p
o
w
e
r
Iss
u
e
s
L
e
tt
e
r
o
f
No
ti
f
ic
a
ti
o
n
Re
g
a
rd
in
g
L
a
b
o
r
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
B
u
si
n
e
ss
Co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
Re
late
d
to
Co
v
id
-
1
9
"
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/k
e
m
n
a
k
e
r.
g
o
.
id
/n
e
w
s/d
e
tai
l/
m
e
n
a
k
e
r
-
terb
it
k
a
n
-
su
ra
t
-
e
d
a
ra
n
-
ten
tan
g
-
p
e
li
n
d
u
n
g
a
n
-
b
u
ru
h
-
d
a
n
-
k
e
lan
g
s
u
n
g
a
n
-
u
sa
h
a
-
terk
a
it
-
c
o
v
id
-
19.
[7
]
M
in
istry
o
f
In
d
u
stry
o
f
Re
p
u
b
li
c
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
"
T
h
e
M
in
istry
o
f
In
d
u
stry
En
su
re
s
In
d
u
strial
A
c
ti
v
it
ies
a
n
d
Co
v
id
-
1
9
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
P
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
Ca
n
G
o
T
o
g
e
th
e
r
,
2
0
2
0
.
"
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/k
e
m
e
n
p
e
rin
.
g
o
.
i
d
/artik
e
l/
2
1
6
7
9
/K
e
m
e
n
p
e
rin
-
P
a
stik
a
n
-
Ke
g
iata
n
-
In
d
u
stri
-
d
a
n
-
P
ro
t
o
k
o
l
-
P
e
n
c
e
g
a
h
a
n
-
Co
v
id
-
19
-
Da
p
a
t
-
Be
rjala
n
-
Be
riri
n
g
a
n
.
[8
]
Be
tt
e
r
W
o
rk
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
"
Co
m
p
il
a
ti
o
n
o
f
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
o
n
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
,
P
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
Be
st
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
s in
t
h
e
W
o
rk
p
lac
e
,
"
2
0
2
0
.
[9
]
OSHA
,
"
G
u
id
a
n
c
e
o
n
P
r
e
p
a
ri
n
g
W
o
rk
p
lac
e
s
f
o
r
COV
ID
-
19"
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
CDC,
"
COV
ID
-
1
9
G
u
id
a
n
c
e
:
Bu
sin
e
ss
e
s
a
n
d
Em
p
lo
y
e
r
s
|
CDC."
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
c
d
c
.
g
o
v
/co
ro
n
a
v
iru
s/2
0
1
9
-
n
c
o
v
/co
m
m
u
n
it
y
/
g
u
id
a
n
c
e
-
b
u
sin
e
ss
-
re
sp
o
n
se
.
h
tm
l.
[1
1
]
IBM
,
"
S
P
S
S
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
|
IBM
’.
[
On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s:/
/www
.
ib
m
.
c
o
m
/an
a
l
y
ti
c
s/sp
ss
-
sta
ti
stics
-
so
f
t
w
a
re
.
[
A
c
c
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.
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,
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.
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.
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[3
1
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J.
Kim
a
n
d
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C.
L
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e
,
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L
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,
"
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