Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
urn
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
lic Hea
l
th Science (IJ
P
HS)
Vol
.
4,
N
o
.
4
,
D
ecem
b
er 20
1
5
, pp
. 29
4~
30
3
I
S
SN
: 225
2-8
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6
2
94
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJPHS
Medical Students Perception
a
b
o
u
t Doc
t
or
’s Bo
dy
Ima
ge
Using Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) Method
Agustin
a
Aru
ndina Trihar
ja Tejoyuwono
1
, Muhamm
ad Riedha
2
1
Public Health
D
e
partment,
Tanjungpura Univers
i
ty
, Indonesia
2
Anatom
y
Dep
a
r
t
ment,
Tan
j
ungp
ura University
, I
ndonesia
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received Aug 16, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Sep
19
, 20
15
Accepted Oct 16, 2015
Doctor as
heal
th
workers
are obliged to
be
role
mode
l
s
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
lly
i
n
he
a
lthy
and active lif
e sty
l
e projected as
having an
ide
a
l bod
y
im
age
.
It benefi
cia
l
to
incre
a
s
e
s
e
lf
co
nfidenc
e
, im
pro
v
e s
u
ces
s
in co
uncel
ing and he
alth s
e
rvi
c
e
satisfaction and
as well as gaining pa
ti
ent’s tr
ust. Bod
y
im
ag
e som
e
tim
es
considered unn
ecessar
y
, however it could be quite disturbin
g
in health
service
.
This res
earch
used d
e
scr
i
ptive
surve
y
stu
d
y
wi
th quan
tit
at
ive d
a
ta
. A
total of 576 medical students w
e
re en
rolled in
this resear
ch,
they
are from
medical, pharmacy
and nursin
g
grad
e 2011 to 2014. Triang
ulation d
a
ta
collected from 16 doctors working in
medical school, and 7
doctors from
Tanjungpur
a U
n
iversity
Hospital. Sample was choosen
b
y
purposive
sampling and analy
z
ed b
y
d
e
script
ive statis
tic. As man
y
93.06% of
respondents stated th
at bod
y
image is
important for
doctor
and it will
influen
ce th
e th
eraph
y
. 67
.2% c
hose picture 4 (
norm
a
l nutrition
a
l status) i
n
Stunkard Figure Rating Scales the
ideal
bod
y
images for doctors.
Nevertheless, 17.01% choose picture
< 3 (underweight) and 15.8% choose
pictur
e >
5 (ov
e
rweight
and
o
b
es
it
y)
as
the
d
o
ctor’s
id
eal
bo
d
y
im
ages
.
Doctors that work in Education
a
l field wer
e
the m
o
st i
m
portant field th
a
t
needs a good bod
y
image (42
.
88
%), followed b
y
doctor in hospital (24.83%).
Based on tri
a
ng
ulation d
a
t
a
, sug
g
ested th
at bod
y im
age will no
t
im
pact th
e
therap
y
(82
.
6%)
and the most important
fie
l
d t
h
at ne
eds
idea
l
bod
y
im
ag
es
was in hospital (43.5%). Bod
y
image is
ver
y
im
portant and it wi
ll influen
c
e
doctor theraph
y
.
Doctor in
edu
c
ational
field should have an
ideal
bod
y
imag
e
with normal nu
tr
ition status.
Keyword:
Doct
or’s body im
age
Medical students
Percep
tio
n
St
un
ka
rd
f
r
s
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Agu
s
tin
a Arund
in
a
Trih
arj
a
Tej
o
y
u
won
o
,
Pub
lic Health
Dep
a
rtm
e
n
t
,
Tanj
ung
pu
r
a
Un
iv
er
sity,
Jl.
Pr
of
. Dr
. Ha
dari Na
wawi,
Po
ntia
nak
,
We
st
Kal
i
m
ant
a
n, In
d
onesi
a.
E-m
a
i
l
: in
a.tejo
@g
m
a
il.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
The pre
v
alenc
e
of
obe
sity and
overweight
cases ke
e
p
increasing eve
r
y
year [1].
At an estim
a
t
ed
73
% of
heal
t
h
wo
rk
ers s
u
f
f
er
from
obesi
t
y
and
ove
r
w
ei
g
h
t
[2]
,
whe
r
e 4
4
.
4%
of t
h
em
are w
o
m
e
n and
7.9
%
are
m
e
n
.
Th
is d
a
ta is su
p
ported
fr
om
a re
search c
o
nducted by Abbate
et al
., [3]
w
h
i
c
h sh
owe
d
13
.
6
% o
f
wom
e
n an
d
1
3
.
3% m
e
n su
ffe
r
e
d
fr
om
obesi
t
y
and
o
v
e
r
wei
ght
.
R
e
searc
h
do
ne by
Nu
nez
et al
.,
[
4
]
showed that
t
h
e fem
a
l
e
heal
t
h
w
o
rke
r
s a
r
e
m
o
re at
ri
sk
of
suf
f
eri
n
g
f
r
om
obe
si
t
y
and
o
v
e
rwei
ght
by
75
% t
h
a
n
m
e
n.
Body im
age is
physical appe
arance as
socia
t
ed with
b
o
d
y
weigh
t
, wh
ich assessed
i
n
at least th
ree
separat
e
c
o
m
pone
nt
s o
f
t
h
e
bo
dy
im
age t
h
at
are t
h
e perc
ept
i
on
of
bo
dy
si
ze, t
h
e com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
of s
u
b
j
ect
i
v
e
an
d b
e
h
a
v
i
oral asp
ects t
h
at
will d
e
term
in
e th
e
resu
lts
o
f
th
e su
bj
ectiv
e
assessm
en
t [5
]. Bod
y
im
ag
e fro
m
a
h
ealth
p
e
rsp
ect
iv
e is still con
s
id
ered
to b
e
a sen
s
itiv
e issu
e [6
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
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SN
:
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6
Medical Stude
n
ts
Perce
p
tion About
D
o
ctor
's
Body
Im
age
U
s
ing St
unk
ar
d .
... (
A
gustina Ar
undina
T.T
.
)
29
5
Body im
age could
reflect the
health status
of
a pe
rs
on, whi
l
e for health
p
e
r
s
onn
el, bod
y imag
e m
a
y
p
o
rtrayed
p
r
o
f
essio
n
a
lism
,
co
u
l
d
increase
th
e po
sitiv
e
relatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
tween coun
selor an
d clien
t
an
d the
success in
providing t
h
erapy
especially for body
wei
ght
cont
rol
[7]. Hartati and Darm
arini [8]
conducted a
research
on
t
h
e nu
tritio
n
i
sts
su
gg
ested
t
h
at
b
o
d
y
im
ag
e
wi
ll d
e
term
in
e th
e qu
ality o
f
nutritio
n
serv
ices to
b
e
pr
o
v
i
d
e
d
, es
pe
ci
al
l
y
i
n
t
h
e p
r
ovi
si
on
o
f
di
re
ct
evide
n
ce (tangi
bles)
a
n
d guara
n
tees (ass
urance
).
Health
worker
is rega
rded as
a role m
odel, e
s
peci
ally as a form
of
good
m
e
dical im
age that has
good
i
m
p
act to
th
e co
mm
u
n
ity.Alth
o
ugh
th
is issu
e rem
a
in
s sen
s
itiv
e to
talk
ab
ou
t, howev
er, t
h
e resu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
stu
d
y
foun
d th
at awaren
ess
o
f
h
e
alth
p
e
rso
n
n
e
l
o
f
goo
d bod
y
i
m
ag
e will affect h
ealth
wo
rk
er em
p
a
th
y on
issu
es
rel
a
t
e
d t
o
t
h
e
p
a
t
i
e
nt
'
s
body
s
h
ape
[
9
]
,
[
1
0]
.
There
f
ore, t
h
is
study aim
s
to analyze the a
ssessm
ent
of b
ody
i
m
age of
t
h
e do
ctor
s w
i
th
Stun
k
a
rd
Figure Rating Scale to the stude
nts of the Faculty of
M
e
di
ci
ne, U
n
i
v
ersi
t
y
of
Tanj
ung
pur
a and
also
to
d
e
scri
b
e
th
e resu
lts o
f
th
e imp
o
rtan
ce of body im
age to th
e doctors, the
e
ffect of
body im
age to the thera
p
y
an
d do
ctor
's f
i
eld
of
w
o
r
k
that r
e
qu
ir
es
bo
dy i
m
ag
e a
nd al
so
t
o
com
p
are t
h
e
pe
rce
p
t
i
o
n
of p
h
y
s
i
c
i
a
ns’
bo
dy
im
age betwee
n Medical stude
nts, Pharm
aceutical stude
nt
s
and
Nursi
ng
s
t
ude
nts in the
Faculty of Me
dicine
U
n
i
v
er
sity of
Tanj
ung
pu
r
a
.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
2.
1.
Ethical Clear
a
nce
The ethics approval has bee
n
issued by the Divisi
on of Ethics Review of the Faculty of Medicine
wi
t
h
re
gi
st
rat
i
o
n n
o
.
3
98
6/
U
N
2
2
.
9/
DT/
2
0
1
4
.
Dat
a
col
l
ect
ed
fr
om
t
h
e sub
j
ect
was an
o
n
y
m
ousl
y
m
eaning t
h
at
doe
s n
o
t
i
n
cl
ud
e t
h
e nam
e
of t
h
e s
u
b
j
ect
onl
y
usi
n
g t
h
e
co
de
descri
bi
n
g
st
u
d
y
p
r
o
g
ram
an
d st
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
nu
m
b
er.
All d
a
ta is co
n
f
id
en
tial an
d
will n
o
t
b
e
d
i
ssemin
a
ted
.
Th
e research
d
o
e
s no
t g
i
v
e
rewards/an
y in
terv
en
tio
n
t
o
th
e su
bj
ect,
b
e
cau
se it is
v
o
l
un
tary.
2.
2.
The
Stud
y De
sign and
Su
bject
Th
e stud
y d
e
sig
n
used
is d
e
scrip
tiv
e su
rv
ey with
q
u
a
n
titativ
e d
a
ta. Sub
j
ects in
t
h
is stu
d
y
were
stu
d
e
n
t
s of
th
e Facu
lty o
f
Med
i
cin
e
class of
2
011
to
201
4
at th
e U
n
iv
er
sit
y
o
f
Tanju
ngpu
r
a
. Tr
iangu
latio
n
o
f
dat
a
was
d
one
on
p
r
o
f
essi
on
al
doct
o
rs
w
h
o
wo
r
k
i
n
t
h
e
F
acul
t
y
of M
e
di
ci
ne o
f
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
of Tan
j
un
gp
u
r
a
an
d
Tanju
ngpu
ra
U
n
i
v
ersity
H
o
sp
ital. Th
e sa
m
p
le se
lect
io
n
u
s
ing
purpo
siv
e
n
on-prob
ab
ility sa
m
p
li
n
g
, i
n
wh
ich
th
e su
bject criteria are
willin
g
to particip
at
e in
t
h
e st
u
d
y
and
n
o
t
b
e
in
g
an
acad
e
m
i
c leav
e.
The col
l
ect
i
on
of
dat
a
were d
one
by
usi
n
g a
cl
os
ed
qu
estion
qu
estion
n
a
ire co
n
s
isting
of 3
q
u
e
stio
ns
conce
r
ni
n
g
t
h
e
sub
j
ect
s’
opi
n
i
on ab
o
u
t
t
h
e i
m
port
a
nce of
bo
dy
im
age fo
r do
ct
or
s;
t
h
e effect on the doctor'
s
treatm
e
nt; and the field
of
jobs
wh
ich
are
m
o
st in
n
e
ed
of
a
g
ood
bod
y im
age. The que
stionnaire als
o
i
n
cl
ude
d Fi
gu
r
e
R
a
t
i
ng Scal
e (fi
g
u
re
1)
whi
c
h i
s
de
vel
o
pe
d by
St
u
n
k
ar
d
et
al
(19
8
3
)
. S
c
ore
4 i
s
an i
d
eal
i
zed
im
age i
n
St
un
kar
d
fi
gu
re rat
i
ng scal
e
base
d o
n
whe
r
e t
h
e l
i
m
i
t
of 5
0
%
of
no
rm
al
wei
ght
, a
nd s
c
o
r
e
<= 3
sho
w
s t
h
e n
u
t
r
i
t
i
onal
st
at
us
of
un
de
rwei
g
h
t
w
h
ereas
sc
ore > =
5 i
s
t
h
e l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
on of
nut
ri
t
i
onal
st
at
us
ove
r
w
ei
g
h
t
t
o
obe
se [
1
1]
.
Resu
lts o
f
t
h
e stu
d
y
will b
e
illu
strated
in
th
e fo
rm
o
f
tab
l
es and
g
r
aphs u
s
ing
u
n
i
v
a
riate an
d
the
co
m
p
ariso
n
b
e
tween
stud
en
ts an
d
g
e
n
e
ral practitio
n
e
rs
wi
ll b
e
sh
own
in th
e tab
l
e
.
The collection of data
carried out si
nce Septem
ber
22
nd
, 201
4 un
til Octob
e
r 6
t
h
,
2
014
b
y
d
i
stri
bu
tin
g qu
estionn
aires.
Fi
gu
re
1.
B
o
dy
Sha
p
e
Fi
g
u
res
Scal
e [
1
2]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
294 – 303
29
6
3.
R
E
SU
LTS AN
D ANA
LY
SIS
The t
o
tal subjects in t
h
is re
s
earch we
re
576 st
ude
nt
s
fr
o
m
t
h
ree st
udy
pr
o
g
ram
s
at
t
h
e Fac
u
l
t
y
of
M
e
di
ci
ne,
w
hi
c
h
co
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
2
68 st
ude
nt
s
of
M
e
di
ci
ne ra
n
g
i
n
g f
r
om
cl
ass of
2
0
1
1
t
o
2
0
1
4
,
1
60 st
ude
nt
s o
f
Ph
ar
m
acy r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
class o
f
201
2-2
014 and
1
4
8
st
u
d
e
n
t
s of
N
u
r
s
i
n
g r
a
ng
ing
f
r
o
m
class o
f
201
2-2
014
.
Whi
l
e
t
h
e s
u
bj
ect
of t
r
i
a
ng
ul
a
t
i
on o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
was f
r
om
16
d
o
ct
o
r
s w
h
o w
o
rke
d
at
t
h
e Fac
u
l
t
y
of M
e
di
ci
ne an
d
7
doct
o
rs
w
h
o
wo
rk
ed
at
t
h
e
Ta
nj
ung
pu
r
a
Un
iv
er
sity H
o
sp
i
t
al.
3.
1.
The Importance of Body Im
age
to
Doctors
Fi
gu
re
2 s
h
o
w
s t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
on
of s
u
b
j
ec
t
s
wh
o c
o
nsi
d
er t
h
e i
m
port
a
nce
of
b
ody
i
m
age t
o
t
h
e
d
o
c
t
o
rs. Ev
id
en
tly as m
u
ch
as 93
.06
%
o
f
the to
tal subj
ects stated
th
at
bod
y im
ag
e is v
e
ry im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
th
e
doct
o
r
an
d
onl
y
6.
94%
sai
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
o
ct
o
r
'
s
b
ody
i
m
age i
s
n
o
t
i
m
port
a
n
t
. A
ppa
re
nt
l
y
, nu
rsi
n
g st
ude
n
t
s are
t
h
e hi
g
h
est
wi
t
h
97
.3
% st
at
ed
t
h
at
bo
dy
i
m
age i
s
i
m
port
a
nt
.
On
t
h
e
ot
her
han
d
,
m
e
di
cal
st
ude
nt
s
fo
u
n
d
t
o
be
th
e h
i
gh
est statin
g
th
at bod
y imag
e is n
o
t
i
m
p
o
rtan
t to
th
e
d
o
c
t
o
rs
with
a v
a
lu
e of 9.7
%
alth
o
u
g
h
9
0
.3% still
stated that
body im
age is important. Th
is
a
ssessm
ent can
be see
n
i
n
Fi
gure
2.
Fi
gu
re 2.B
a
r D
i
agram
of
T
h
e Im
port
a
nce o
f
B
ody
Im
ages
t
o
Doct
ors
3.
2.
The Effect
o
f
Bo
dy Ima
g
e to
The Therapy
Gi
v
e
n
Based
on
th
e
resu
lts of th
e
a
ssessm
ent
of t
h
e st
ude
nt
vi
ew o
f
the effe
cts of bod
y imag
e to
th
e
t
h
era
p
y
pr
o
v
i
d
ed by
phy
si
ci
ans ha
ve
qui
t
e
v
a
ri
ed a
n
swe
r
s.
Of all stud
en
ts, th
ere is
a 53.99% stated that
body
i
m
ag
e will affect th
e th
erap
y,
an
d
t
h
e rem
a
in
ing
46
.01
%
of th
e su
bj
ects stated
bo
d
y
im
a
g
e will no
t affect th
e
t
r
eatm
e
nt
gi
ve
n.
The
di
f
f
ere
n
ce o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o i
s
7.
9
9
%.
As m
a
n
y
as 5
1
.1% of m
e
d
i
cal stu
d
e
n
t
s stated
th
at the th
erap
y will n
o
t
b
e
affect
ed
fro
m
th
e
d
o
c
t
o
r
s
’b
od
y imag
e, h
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
app
r
ox
im
ate
l
y 6
7
.
6% o
f
nur
sing
stud
en
ts
ex
pr
essed
th
at th
e th
er
ap
y g
i
ven
b
y
th
e do
cto
r
will b
e
affected
b
y
b
o
d
y
i
m
ag
e. Wh
ile th
e Ph
armacy stu
d
e
n
t
s
su
gg
ested
th
e
sam
e
v
i
ew regard
i
n
g
the
effect of body
im
age
to the thera
p
y a
d
m
i
nistered.
A cle
a
rer
pi
ct
u
r
e ca
n
be see
n
i
n
Fi
gu
re
3.
Figu
re
3.
Bar
Diag
ram
of T
h
e Ef
fect
of
B
o
dy I
m
ag
e to
Th
e Th
er
ap
y
G
i
v
e
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Medical Stude
n
ts
Perce
p
tion About
D
o
ctor
's
Body
Im
age
U
s
ing St
unk
ar
d .
... (
A
gustina Ar
undina
T.T
.
)
29
7
3.
3.
Bo
dy Ima
g
e with
Stun
kar
d
Figure
R
a
ting Scale
Assessm
ent
us
ing
St
u
n
k
a
r
d
Fi
gure
R
a
t
i
n
g
Scal
e,
sh
owed a fl
u
c
tu
ating
respon
se t
o
o
f
th
e an
swers
rega
rdi
ng t
h
e
doct
o
r'
s bo
dy
sha
p
e. I
n
ge
ne
ral
,
67
.2
% of
st
ude
nt
s st
at
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e fi
gur
e 4 i
s
t
h
e i
d
eal
body
im
age. Ho
wev
e
r, t
h
e n
u
m
b
er of st
u
d
e
n
t
s
wh
o gi
ve a ne
gat
i
v
e assessm
ent
of t
h
e
bo
dy
im
agi
n
g p
h
y
s
i
c
i
a
ns a
r
e
also quite a lot. There
are as
many as
17.01% stated that the ideal
body im
age is unde
rweight with a
choice
of
im
age < 3, a
n
d t
h
e
rem
a
ining
15.8% sai
d
t
h
at the
ideal
b
ody
i
m
age
d
o
c
t
or w
h
o
i
s
o
v
e
r
wei
ght
-
o
bese wi
t
h
a
pi
ct
ure
o
f
>
5.
Phy
s
i
c
i
a
ns
’ n
o
r
m
a
l
body
i
m
age i
s
oft
e
n s
t
at
ed m
o
st
l
y
by
70
.9%
n
u
r
s
i
n
g
st
u
d
ent
s
, f
o
l
l
o
we
d
by
66.4% m
e
dical stude
nts a
n
d
65.0% Ph
arm
aceutical. On the othe
r
hand,
ne
gative
im
aging
of the
body
m
o
st
oft
e
n
m
e
nt
i
one
d by
m
e
di
cal
st
ude
nt
(2
1.
6%)
where t
h
ey
p
o
rt
ray
d
o
ct
o
r
s un
de
rwei
ght
, f
o
l
l
o
we
d by
n
u
r
si
n
g
14.2
% and
11.9% Pharm
aceutical. Im
age of
overweight and
obesity wa
s
often
rais
ed by st
ude
nt
s of
Ph
arm
acy with
23
.1
%, fo
llo
wed
b
y
Nu
rsing and
Medical 14.8%
a
n
d 11.9%.
Tabel
1. B
ody
Im
age wi
t
h
St
u
nka
r
d
Fi
gu
re R
a
t
i
ng Scal
e
(F
R
S
)
3.
4.
Physicians’ Fi
eld of W
o
rk That Ne
eds B
o
dy I
m
age
B
a
sed on
t
h
e f
i
el
d
w
o
r
k
of d
o
ct
o
r
s,
i
s
di
vi
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
f
o
ur se
ct
i
ons, nam
e
l
y
Ed
ucat
i
o
n, He
al
t
h
C
e
nt
er,
Ho
sp
ital an
d
pu
b
lic serv
ices in
relatio
n
t
o
bo
d
y
im
ag
e.
Acco
rd
ing
to
studen
t
s’ su
gg
estion
s
, fiel
d
of work
th
at
n
eeds a go
od
b
o
d
y
im
ag
e is
in
th
e field
o
f
ed
u
cation
with 4
2
.88
%
,
fo
ll
owed
b
y
th
e Hosp
ital with
24
.8
3%.
Howev
e
r, field
of wo
rk
th
at
requ
ire less im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
o
d
y
i
m
ag
e is a d
o
c
tor in
th
e
pu
b
lic serv
ice,
n
a
m
e
l
y
42
.1
9%
,
36
.8
1
%
, f
o
l
l
o
wed
by
p
ubl
i
c
heal
t
h
c
e
nt
ers.
D
o
ct
o
r
s wh
o
w
o
r
k
in
t
h
e f
i
eld
of
ed
u
cation ar
e r
e
qu
ir
ed
to h
a
v
e
goo
d bod
y im
ag
e, w
h
er
e 42
.88
%
o
f
th
e stud
en
ts resp
ond
ed
th
at it
is v
e
ry im
p
o
r
tan
t
, altho
ugh
,
2
5
.52
%
of studen
t
s also an
swered less im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
h
a
v
e
a goo
d bo
d
y
im
ag
e.While d
o
c
tors
who
work in
the
h
o
s
p
ital sugg
ested
th
at it was i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
and cru
c
ial
n
eed of
bo
d
y
i
m
ag
e (3
7.50
%;
24
.8
3%)
.
In the
field of
health cente
rs
a
nd
p
ubl
i
c
ser
v
i
ces, t
h
e r
e
sp
ons
e was
nearl
y
balanced, where both are
su
gg
ested
qu
ite i
m
p
o
r
tan
t; im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
th
e v
a
lu
e
o
f
3
6
.81; 3
2
.
64
at h
ealth
cen
ters and
21
:01
;
20
:49
on
p
u
b
lic
services
. Distribution of
stude
n
t
assessm
ent
can be
see
n
i
n
Tabl
e 2 bel
o
w.
B
a
sed o
n
t
h
e Tabl
e 2 ab
o
v
e,
t
h
e
m
e
di
cal
stude
nt
s st
ated that education is the area for a doctor that
n
eed goo
d body i
m
ag
e (
4
4
.
8%)
,
fo
llo
w
e
d
by th
e wor
k
of
d
o
c
t
o
r
s
in
t
h
e
h
o
s
p
ital (3
8.8%)
an
d h
e
alth
cen
ters
(35.4%
).T
h
e a
n
swe
r
is alm
o
st the sam
e
as
the stude
n
t of n
u
rsing
wh
ere 52
.7
% said
ed
u
cation
is t
h
e m
o
st
im
port
a
nt
nee
d
of
bo
dy
im
age, f
o
l
l
o
we
d b
y
hospi
t
a
l
s
an
d a si
gni
fi
ca
nt
33.
1% o
n
4
1
.
9
% o
f
doct
o
rs
i
n
t
h
e
health ce
nter.
An
ot
he
r st
at
e
m
ent
i
s
su
gge
st
ed
by
P
h
arm
acy
st
ude
nt
s
wh
o st
at
e
d
t
h
a
t
doct
o
rs
’
fi
el
d
of
w
o
r
k
t
h
a
t
n
eed
a goo
d
bod
y i
m
ag
e
m
o
st
ly is
in
h
o
s
p
ital with
3
9
.
4
%
.
In the area of public health
ce
nters also cons
idere
d
im
port
a
nt
en
o
u
gh t
o
have a g
o
o
d
b
o
d
y
im
age by
48.
8%.
W
h
i
l
e
wo
rk t
h
at
sug
g
est
e
d as t
h
e l
east
im
port
a
nt
t
o
have
go
o
d
b
o
d
y
im
age i
s
i
n
general
ser
v
i
ce wi
t
h
a va
l
u
e o
f
47.
0%;
4
3
.
9
%
;
32.
5% (M
e
d
i
cal
St
udent
;
N
u
rsi
n
g
;
Pha
r
m
acy).
Criteria
of
FRS
Medical
Students
Phar
m
a
c
e
utical
Students
Nur
s
ing
Students
N N
N
1 1
0
0
2 2
1
0
3 55
18
21
4 178
104
105
5 31
36
20
6 1
0
2
9 0
1
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
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252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
294 – 303
29
8
Tabel
2. Di
st
ri
but
i
o
n Phy
s
i
c
i
a
ns’
Fi
el
d o
f
Wo
r
k
T
h
at
Ne
eds
B
ody
Im
age
M
e
dical Students
E
ducation
Kategor
i
N
%
Very
i
m
por
tant
120
44.
8
Im
por
tant
20
7.
5
Quite im
por
tant
83
31
L
e
ss im
por
tant
45
16.
8
Health Center
Very
i
m
por
tant
59
22
Im
por
tant
95
35.
4
Quite im
por
tant
72
26.
9
L
e
ss im
por
tant
42
15.
7
Hospital
Very
i
m
por
tant
58
21.
6
Im
por
tant
104
38.
8
Quite im
por
tant
51
19
L
e
ss im
por
tant
55
20.
5
Public Services
Very
i
m
por
tant
32
11.
9
Im
por
tant
49
18.
3
Quite im
por
tant
61
22.
8
L
e
ss im
por
tant
126
47
Phar
m
a
c
e
utical
Students
E
ducation
Very
i
m
por
tant
49
30.
6
Im
por
tant
21
13.
1
Quite im
por
tant
25
15.
6
L
e
ss im
por
tant
65
40.
6
Health Center
Very
i
m
por
tant
21
13.
1
Im
por
tant
42
26.
3
Quite im
por
tant
78
48.
8
L
e
ss im
por
tant
19
11.
9
Hospital
Very
i
m
por
tant
44
27.
5
Im
por
tant
63
39.
4
Quite im
por
tant
29
18.
1
L
e
ss im
por
tant
24
15
Public Services
Very
i
m
por
tant
46
28.
8
Im
por
tant
34
21.
3
Quite im
por
tant
28
17.
5
L
e
ss im
por
tant
52
32.
5
Nur
s
ing Student
E
ducation
Very
i
m
por
tant
78
52.
7
Im
por
tant
14
9.
5
Quite im
por
tant
19
12.
8
L
e
ss im
por
tant
37
25
Health Center
Very
i
m
por
tant
13
8.
8
Im
por
tant
51
34.
5
Quite im
por
tant
62
41.
9
L
e
ss im
por
tant
22
14.
9
Hospital
Very
i
m
por
tant
41
27.
7
Im
por
tant
49
33.
1
Quite im
por
tant
35
23.
6
L
e
ss im
por
tant
23
15.
5
Public Services
Very
i
m
por
tant
16
10.
8
Im
por
tant
35
23.
6
Quite im
por
tant
32
21.
6
L
e
ss im
por
tant
65
43.
9
TOTA
L
Ed
u
catio
n
Very
i
m
por
tant
247
42.
88
Im
por
tant
55
9.
55
Quite im
por
tant
127
22.
05
L
e
ss im
por
tant
147
25.
52
Health Center
Very
i
m
por
tant
93
16.
15
Im
por
tant
188
32.
64
Quite im
por
tant
212
36.
81
L
e
ss im
por
tant
83
14.
41
Hospital
Very
i
m
por
tant
143
24.
83
Im
por
tant
216
37.
50
Quite im
por
tant
115
19.
97
L
e
ss im
por
tant
102
17.
71
Public Services
Very
i
m
por
tant
94
16.
32
Im
por
tant
118
20.
49
Quite im
por
tant
121
21.
01
L
e
ss im
por
tant
243
42.
19
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Medical Stude
n
ts
Perce
p
tion About
D
o
ctor
's
Body
Im
age
U
s
ing St
unk
ar
d .
... (
A
gustina Ar
undina
T.T
.
)
29
9
3.
5.
The Comparis
on
between The As
sessmen
t of S
t
ude
nts
’
and Pr
ofe
ssion
al
Assessm
ent
of
bo
dy
im
age
by
st
ude
nt
an
d p
h
y
s
i
c
i
a
ns h
a
ve som
e
di
fferences
.Am
o
n
g
t
h
em
i
s
t
h
e
effects
of body im
age to t
h
e t
h
era
p
y
gi
ve
n
b
y
t
h
e d
o
ct
o
r
s.
As m
a
ny
as 5
4
%
o
f
st
ude
nt
s s
t
at
ed t
h
at
bo
dy
im
age
will in
flu
e
n
ce
th
e ou
tco
m
e o
f
th
erap
y to
b
e
ad
m
i
n
i
ster
ed
by a d
o
c
t
o
r,
bu
t 8
2
.6% of ph
y
s
ician
s
d
i
d no
t
ag
ree
with the statement.It also
occurs in the
field of work
affec
ting body
im
age, which accordi
ng t
o
the
r
e
spon
d
e
n
t
s, th
e
d
o
c
t
o
r
s
in th
e ed
u
cati
o
n ar
ea ar
e
v
e
r
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
h
a
v
e
a
go
od body i
m
ag
e (
4
2
.
9%)
,
bu
t
according t
o
doctors,
doctors
who
wo
rk i
n
the
hos
pital are m
o
re im
p
o
rta
n
t to
have
a good
body
im
age
(4
3.
5%
).
Sur
p
ri
si
n
g
l
y
bot
h res
p
on
de
nt
s sug
g
est
e
d t
h
e sam
e
t
h
i
ng a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e im
por
t
a
nce of b
o
d
y
im
age t
o
t
h
e
doct
o
r (9
3.
1%;
95
.7
%).B
ot
h g
r
o
u
p
s
al
so pr
o
v
i
d
e
t
h
e
sam
e
opt
i
o
n on
t
h
e
i
m
agi
ng b
ody
g
o
o
d
doct
o
r
acc
or
di
n
g
to
Fi
g
u
re R
a
t
i
ng
Sc
al
e,
nam
e
l
y
i
n
fi
gu
re 4
(6
7.
2%;
6
9
.
6
%).
W
hi
l
e
th
e
ar
ea of
pub
lic ser
v
ice,
bo
th
g
r
ou
ps
agree
d
t
h
at the
y
need less importan
t go
od
bo
d
y
im
ag
e
(4
2.2
%
; 6
5
.2
%)
.
Based
on
d
a
ta in
Tab
l
e
2
,
it is k
nown
t
h
at they fo
und
a n
e
gativ
e assessm
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e ph
ysi
c
ian
i
m
ag
in
g
b
o
t
h
th
e studen
t
and
do
ctor
.1
7.4
%
of
do
ctor
s ch
oo
se a p
i
ctur
e sho
w
i
n
g th
e t
h
ree FRS
b
o
d
y
i
m
ag
e
u
n
d
e
r
w
ei
g
h
t
,
an
d
13
.0
% cho
s
e ov
er
w
e
i
g
ht b
o
d
y
i
m
ag
e (
i
m
a
g
e
5
FRS)
as th
e bod
y i
m
ag
e o
f
th
e g
ood
d
o
c
t
o
r.I
t
also
hap
p
e
n
s
to
st
u
d
en
ts, 17
% ch
o
s
e a p
i
ct
u
r
e under
w
ei
g
h
t
, an
d
1
5
.8% cho
s
e ov
erw
e
igh
t
p
i
ctu
r
e as
t
h
e i
d
eal
b
ody
im
age doct
o
r
.
M
o
re
det
a
i
l
s
c
a
n
be see
n
i
n
T
a
bl
e 3
.
Tabel
3. T
a
bel
of
The
C
o
m
p
ar
i
s
on
bet
w
een
T
h
e
Assessm
ent
o
f
St
ude
nt
s’
a
n
d
Pr
o
f
essi
o
n
a
l
Questions
Students
P
r
ofessional
Doctors’
N %
N
%
Im
por
tance of Body
I
m
age
Im
por
tant
536
93.
1
22
95.
7
Not
Im
por
tant
40
6.
9
1
4.
3
Ef
f
ect of
B
ody I
m
age to The
T
h
er
aphy
Given
E
ffected
311
54.
0
4
17.
4
Not
E
ffected
265
46.
0
19
82.
6
Body
Im
age Pictur
e W
ith Stunkar
d
Figure Rating Scal
e
1 1
0.
2
0
0.
0
2
3
0.
5
0
0.
0
3
94
16.
3
4
17.
4
4
387
67.
2
16
69.
6
5
87
15.
1
3
13.
0
6
3
0.
5
0
0.
0
9
1
0.
2
0
0.
0
Phy
s
icians’
Field of W
o
r
k
T
h
at
Need
s Body
I
m
age
E
ducation Very
i
m
por
tant
247
42.
9
7
30.
4
Im
por
tant
55
9.
5
5
21.
7
Quite
im
por
tant
127
22.
0
9
39.
1
L
e
ss
im
por
tant
147
25.
5
2
8.
7
Health Center
Very
i
m
por
tant
93
16.
1
7
30.
4
Im
por
tant
188
32.
6
7
30.
4
Quite
im
por
tant
212
36.
8
5
21.
7
L
e
ss
im
por
tant
83
14.
4
4
17.
4
Hospital Very
i
m
por
tant
143
24.
8
7
30.
4
Im
por
tant
216
37.
5
10
43.
5
Quite
im
por
tant
115
20.
0
4
17.
4
L
e
ss
im
por
tant
102
17.
7
2
8.
7
Public Ser
v
ices
Very
i
m
por
tant
94
16.
3
2
8.
7
Im
por
tant
118
20.
5
1
4.
3
Quite
im
por
tant
121
21.
0
5
21.
7
L
e
ss
im
por
tant
243
42.
2
15
65.
2
3.
6.
Discussion
There a
r
e a
b
o
u
t
73%
-7
5%
of
wo
rke
r
s
bot
h
m
e
n and
w
o
m
e
n w
h
o w
o
r
k
i
n
t
h
e
heal
t
h
ca
re sect
o
r
are
ove
rweight and obese [2]-[4]
and cases
of ob
esity o
n
h
ealth
wo
rk
ers are
esti
m
a
ted
to
co
n
tinu
e
to
i
n
crease in
the futu
re [
13]
.
In the study
b
y
Lara
et al.,
[14]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e i
n
ci
dence
o
f
phy
si
ci
ans a
n
d pat
i
e
nt
s t
h
at
have
abd
o
m
i
nal
obe
si
t
y
i
s
qui
t
e
t
h
e sam
e
, and
s
u
gge
st
ed t
h
at
do
ct
ors
are
m
o
re
l
i
k
el
y
t
o
s
u
f
f
er
fr
om
cardi
ova
scul
ar
d
i
sease.
Th
e
persisten
tly h
i
gh
in
ci
d
e
n
c
e of ob
esity,
espe
cially in the doctor
has
bec
o
m
e
a hot topic for
i
nvest
i
g
at
i
o
n.
Thi
s
i
s
preci
sel
y
what
bri
ngs
r
e
searche
r
s c
onducte
d a st
udy
that aim
s
to de
termine a picture of
t
h
e pe
rcept
i
o
n
of
bo
dy
i
m
ag
e of a
doct
o
r
.
R
e
searche
r
s t
r
y
i
ng t
o
get
an
ove
rvi
e
w o
f
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
per
p
e
t
rat
o
rs
heal
t
h
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
from
st
udent
at
t
h
e Facul
t
y
of M
e
di
ci
ne,
Uni
v
ersi
t
y
Tanj
u
n
g
p
u
ra c
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
ng o
f
st
u
d
e
nt
s of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
252
-88
06
IJPHS Vol. 4, No. 4, D
ecem
ber 2015
:
294 – 303
30
0
med
i
cin
e
, n
u
rsin
g
and
p
h
a
rmacy.
Th
ei
r o
p
i
n
i
on
will
d
e
term
in
e th
e
q
u
a
li
ty o
f
a do
ctor
an
d a
v
i
ew of
h
ealth
wo
rk
ers.
In t
h
e st
u
d
y
co
nd
uct
e
d
by
Go
swam
i et
al
., [15]
i
n
a new cl
ass of 9
6
fem
a
le st
udent
s i
n
2
0
1
2
i
n
I
ndi
a
,
foun
d th
at
8
3
.3
3% said th
eir
b
o
d
y
im
ag
e is g
ood
to v
e
ry
go
od
and
satisfi
ed
with
t
h
eir i
m
age. Furt
herm
ore, a
stu
d
y
con
d
u
c
ted
at an edu
catio
n
a
l
in
stitu
tion in
Israel b
y
Ko
rn
, et al., [16] ex
p
l
o
r
ed
a relatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
een
self-p
ercep
tion and
h
ealth
y bo
d
y
im
ag
e p
e
rcep
tio
n of th
e 15
74
u
n
d
e
rgrad
u
a
te st
ud
en
t
s
. Sign
ifican
t resu
lts
rep
o
rt
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
e m
a
l
e
st
uden
t
was fo
un
d
hi
ghe
r t
h
a
n
fem
a
l
e
st
udent
s i
n
t
e
rm
s of heal
t
h
y
percept
i
o
n a
nd t
h
e
perce
p
t
i
o
n of t
h
e b
ody
an
d s
e
l
f-i
m
a
ge. M
o
st
fem
a
l
e
st
udent
s t
e
nd n
o
t
s
a
t
i
s
fi
ed wi
t
h
t
h
ei
r b
o
d
y
im
age [2]
.
Dissatisfactio
n with
b
o
d
y
i
m
a
g
e also
h
a
pp
ens to
h
ealth
workers in Te
hra
n
, where they
pe
rceive them
selves t
o
have m
o
re
we
i
ght
. T
h
ese m
i
sperce
pt
i
o
ns
m
a
i
n
l
y
occur i
n
w
o
m
e
n wi
t
h
no
rm
al
B
M
I
t
h
an
wom
e
n
wh
o a
r
e
obe
se
/
ove
rwe
i
ght
[1
7]
.
Al
t
h
o
u
gh t
h
e m
e
t
hod i
s
sl
i
g
ht
l
y
di
ffere
nt
f
r
om
bot
h o
f
t
h
ese st
udi
es,
no
t
a
bl
y
sim
i
l
a
ri
ty
i
s
t
h
at
m
o
st
st
ude
nt
s co
nsi
d
er a g
o
od
b
ody
im
age coul
d
g
i
ve m
o
re sat
i
s
fact
i
on f
o
r t
h
em
sel
v
es.
In ass
o
ci
at
i
on wi
t
h
t
h
e dat
a
in
th
is st
u
d
y
, th
e satisfaction
with
self bod
y
i
m
ag
e will furt
h
e
r m
a
k
e
s it im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
note.
In
th
is stud
y it was foun
d
th
at th
e
m
a
j
o
rity
o
f
st
ude
n
ts and professional doct
o
rs as m
u
ch as 93.1%
and 95.7% stat
ed that
body
i
m
age i
s
im
port
a
nt
f
o
r t
h
e
doc
t
o
r.
Wei
g
ht
a
n
d
heal
t
h
st
at
us
affect
s t
h
e
pe
r
cept
i
o
n
of t
h
e pat
i
e
nt
'
s
phy
si
ci
an
re
ga
rdi
ng
heal
t
h
c
o
uns
el
i
ng
by
d
o
c
t
o
rs [1
8]
.
I
f
a doct
o
r has
a g
o
od heal
t
h
c
o
nd
i
t
i
on,
the advice gi
ven by the doctor is conside
r
e
d
m
o
re cr
edibl
e
, to furthe
r increase
m
o
t
i
v
ati
on an
d rel
i
a
bl
e [1
9]
.
Th
is statem
en
t
is su
ppo
rted
b
y
Bleich
et al., [2
0
]
su
gg
es
ted
th
at th
e tru
s
t of
p
a
tien
t
s to
d
o
c
t
o
rs
will d
ecrease if
the doctor is
overweight or obese.
Moreo
v
e
r, th
ey wou
l
d
b
e
con
s
id
ered
less co
nv
in
ci
ng
wh
ile treatin
g
th
e
p
a
tien
t
s in
regard
s
o
f
lifestyle ch
ang
e
s. Bleich
also
st
ated that physicians unde
rsta
nd a
nd
realize that they
shoul
d
bec
o
me a role
m
o
del of health.
Howe
ver,
according to Arm
our [21]
physical appeara
n
ce of
em
pl
oy
ees i
n
t
h
e w
o
r
kpl
ace
, whet
her
wo
rki
ng i
n
t
h
e
heal
t
h
fi
el
d o
r
n
o
t
,
have a
n
en
orm
ous i
n
fl
ue
nce
on t
h
e
success
story in the
work and trust i
n
the
c
o
m
p
etence of
he
alth pe
rsonnel.
Alth
oug
h
goo
d b
o
d
y
im
ag
e o
f
a do
cto
r
is regard
ed
as im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
th
e m
a
j
o
rity bu
t th
is has no
t b
een
an
ab
so
l
u
te 100
% essen
tial.
Th
ere are still 6
.
9
%
an
d
4
.
2% o
f
stud
en
ts’ p
r
o
f
ession
al do
ctors who
th
i
n
k
it is
n
o
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
. Th
is is d
u
e
to
th
e ab
ility o
f
ph
ysic
ian
s
to
prov
id
e m
o
tiv
atio
n
co
mmu
n
i
cation
and
d
i
etary
recomm
endations
rem
a
in an im
portant
thing that will affect the success
of diet
thera
p
y [20].
This is
rei
n
f
o
rced
by
t
h
e
resul
t
s
f
o
u
n
d
by
P
u
oane
e
t
al
.,
[2
2]
o
f
t
h
e 4
4
bl
ack
w
o
m
e
n heal
t
h
w
o
rke
r
s i
n
one
ci
t
y
i
n
So
ut
h A
fri
ca.
Dat
a
sh
ow t
h
at
40 pe
o
p
l
e
o
u
t
of
44 f
o
un
d i
n
t
h
e cat
ego
r
y
of
obese a
nd
ove
rwei
ght
cat
eg
o
r
y
2.
B
a
sed o
n
foc
u
s gr
o
up
di
sc
us
si
ons c
o
nd
uct
e
d i
n
t
h
e
st
u
d
y
,
m
o
st
of t
h
e
wom
e
n st
at
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e sha
p
e
of t
h
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
a
p
e
rso
n
sh
all in
a ‘fu
ller’ and
‘cu
r
v
y
’ im
ag
e and
an
yon
e can
h
a
v
e
a bod
y sh
ape lik
e th
at
and
still b
e
ab
le to
co
m
p
lete th
e work g
i
ven
to h
i
m
.
R
e
gar
d
i
n
g t
h
e
effect
o
f
b
ody
im
age on t
h
e t
r
eat
m
e
nt
gi
ven t
o
t
h
e pat
i
e
nt
,
t
h
e st
ude
nt
s t
h
o
u
ght
t
h
at
th
e bo
d
y
im
ag
e will affect th
e treatm
e
n
t
g
i
v
e
n
at appr
oxi
m
a
tel
y
5
4
%
of th
e respo
n
d
e
n
t
s. Hash
et al
.,[18
]
repo
rted
th
at patien
t
s will b
e
lo
ok
ing
m
o
re health
serv
ices fro
m
d
o
c
tors that n
o
n
-
o
b
e
se.
Th
ese resu
lts are also
con
s
i
s
t
e
nt
wi
t
h
t
h
e dat
a
p
r
ese
n
t
e
d
by
Pu
hl
e
t
al
., [2
3]
t
h
at
perce
p
t
i
o
n o
f
bo
dy
i
m
age who a
r
e o
v
e
r
wei
ght
or
o
b
e
se are
p
r
one to
g
e
t
b
i
ased attitu
d
e
fro
m
th
e p
a
tien
t
.
Excessiv
e
wei
g
h
t
g
a
in
b
y
h
ealt
h
care
prov
id
ers
or
d
o
c
t
o
rs can
n
e
g
a
tiv
ely affect p
a
tien
t
s' p
e
rcep
tio
ns in
term
s
o
f
cred
ib
ility;
co
nfid
en
ce level an
d
a ten
d
e
n
c
y to
follow m
e
dical advice.
Loo
k
d
eep
er
an
d
sp
ecific ab
ou
t th
e serv
i
ce
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
b
esity, th
e p
a
tien
t
still co
n
s
id
er
phy
si
ci
ans
wi
t
h
go
o
d
a
n
d
he
al
t
h
y
b
ody
i
m
age ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e a
p
propriate health advice.
If th
e do
ct
o
r
is in
a
h
ealth
y im
ag
e, th
e adv
i
ce
g
i
v
e
n
will b
e
felt cred
ib
le, m
o
tiv
ated
, and
reliab
l
e. Th
ese resu
lts
are con
s
isten
t
wit
h
pre
v
i
o
us
resea
r
ch
by
F
r
aser
et
al
., [
19]
wh
o c
oncl
ude
d t
h
at
t
h
e wei
ght
and
heal
t
h
st
at
us
of a
d
o
ct
o
r
co
ul
d
p
o
t
en
tially i
m
p
act on
t
h
e
p
e
rcep
tio
n of
h
eal
th
adv
i
ce. Pa
tien
t
’s t
r
u
s
t is ind
i
cated
h
i
gh
er
wh
en
g
e
tting
ad
v
i
ce
from
a doctor t
h
at the
non-obese.
In
stead
th
ere is as m
u
ch
as
46% still th
in
k
it
is n
o
t
g
i
v
i
ng
i
m
p
act in
th
e therap
y m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
. Th
ese
dat
a
rei
n
f
o
r
ced
by
t
h
e t
r
i
a
ng
ul
at
i
on
dat
a
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
re
po
rt
ed
t
h
at
82%
doct
o
r
s
bel
i
e
ve
t
h
at
t
h
e
res
p
o
n
se
wi
l
l
not
af
f
ect th
e body i
m
ag
e th
er
ap
y g
i
v
e
n to
p
a
tien
t
s. Bod
y
imag
e is no
t the m
a
in
th
ing
i
n
clin
ical asp
e
ct. Th
is
issu
e is v
e
ry in
teresting
d
u
e
to
th
e stud
y rep
o
rt cond
u
c
ted
b
y
Bleich
et
al., [2
4
]
stated
th
at in
g
e
n
e
ral th
e
ove
rweight and obese
patient
s will contin
ue
to trust the
doctor'
s
care and
tr
eatm
e
nt without
be
ing affec
t
ed by
b
o
d
y
im
ag
e o
f
th
e do
ctor. M
o
re sp
ecificall
y
, th
e stud
y fou
n
d
th
at t
h
e p
a
tien
t
s will h
a
ve
m
o
re confid
en
ce in
advi
ce f
o
r di
et
or wei
ght
co
n
t
rol
fr
om
doct
o
rs
wh
o are
ov
erwei
ght
o
r
o
b
e
se whe
n
com
p
are
d
wi
t
h
phy
si
ci
ans
wh
o
no
n o
v
e
r
wei
g
ht
. S
o
t
h
e
st
i
g
m
a
i
s
t
houg
ht
t
h
at
t
h
e t
h
era
p
y
can
be
affect
ed
by
b
ody
i
m
age ow
ned
by
d
o
c
t
o
rs no
t
p
r
ov
en sign
ifican
tly.
Ano
t
h
e
r stud
y
su
gg
ested
th
at p
a
tien
t
s will
feel an
no
yed
an
d
cou
l
d
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
ly affect the treat
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
i
s
gi
ve
n i
f
t
h
e
d
o
ct
or
di
d
not
pay
f
u
l
l
at
t
e
nt
i
on t
o
t
h
e p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
t
h
ey
exp
e
ri
ence
d.
Seve
ral
fact
o
r
s p
u
t
fo
rwa
r
d i
s
t
h
a
t
pat
i
e
nt
s o
f
t
e
n fi
nd a
d
o
ct
or
w
ho
d
o
es
not
s
h
ow
su
ffi
ci
ent
en
gagem
e
nt
wi
t
h
t
h
e
p
a
t
i
e
nt
;
su
fficien
t
k
nowledg
e
o
f
obesity treat
m
e
n
t
serv
ices;
and
leav
e th
e resp
on
si
b
ility for pro
v
i
d
i
ng
ad
equ
a
te
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Medical Stude
n
ts
Perce
p
tion About
D
o
ctor
's
Body
Im
age
U
s
ing St
unk
ar
d .
... (
A
gustina Ar
undina
T.T
.
)
30
1
in
fo
rm
atio
n
abo
u
t
av
ailab
l
e
referral. It can
b
e
co
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
t
h
erap
eu
tic failu
re is m
o
re in
flu
e
n
c
ed
b
y
th
e
attitu
d
e
and
at
t
e
nt
i
o
n
b
y
doct
o
rs
t
o
t
h
ei
r pat
i
e
nt
s
as
r
e
po
rt
ed
i
n
t
h
e s
t
udy
by
M
a
l
t
e
rud
et
al
.,
[
25]
M
ovi
ng
o
n
t
o
t
h
e i
d
eal
b
o
d
y
im
age asses
s
m
e
nt
usi
ng t
h
e St
un
ka
rd
Fi
gu
re R
a
t
i
n
g
Scal
e, m
o
st
responde
nts chose the ideal
body im
age doc
tor is a doct
or
with
a no
rm
al
n
u
t
ritio
n
a
l statu
s
.
Assessm
en
t with
t
h
e FR
S ca
n
b
e
use
d
as
t
h
e
basi
s f
o
r
det
e
r
m
i
n
i
ng t
h
e
s
u
pp
ose
d
pre
d
i
c
t
i
on
of
B
M
I a
n
d
B
M
I i
s
t
h
e
m
o
st
accurate way to predict a person'
s body size
. Determ
ina
tion usi
ng the FR
S would
give
the pe
rception
or
view
o
f
th
e sh
ap
e of th
e bo
d
y
of
a d
o
c
t
o
r and
a lo
t o
f
th
ing
s
th
at will affect th
e o
u
t
co
m
e
s
u
ch
as ethn
ic facto
r
s,
i
n
t
e
rest
bet
w
ee
n t
h
e se
xes
,
so
ci
al
vi
ews an
d
t
h
e m
a
ss
m
e
dia [2
6]
. P
h
y
s
i
c
i
a
n-
pat
i
e
nt
rel
a
t
i
ons
hi
p i
s
n
o
t
onl
y
a
th
erap
y o
f
d
i
seases, bu
t also
to
th
e prob
l
e
m
d
i
sease p
r
ev
en
tion
an
d
settle
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
e
rson
al p
r
ob
le
m
s
o
f
p
a
tien
t
s [27
]
,[2
8
]
an
d it th
erefore requ
ires
a go
od
attitu
d
e
on
e is to
app
l
y a n
ourish
i
n
g
life and
ind
i
cates th
e
correct body image as a
role
m
odel
of heal
t
h
[2
9]
.
I
n
th
e sco
p
e
o
f
p
r
of
essi
o
n
a
lism w
h
ich
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s a g
ood
bo
dy i
m
ag
e o
f
a do
ctor
, ou
r
st
u
dy f
o
und
th
at
according t
o
doct
o
rs
in the
education is
very im
porta
nt
to have
a good body
im
a
g
e (42.9%
), but
by
pr
ofe
ssi
o
n
al
d
o
ct
o
r
s,
h
o
spi
t
a
l
doct
o
rs
w
o
r
k
m
o
re im
port
a
nt
nee
d
s a
g
o
o
d
b
o
d
y
i
m
age (4
3.
5%
) ,
As a
do
ct
or
work
i
n
g
in educatio
n
,
t
h
ey
will b
e
th
e first i
m
ag
e of a
do
cto
r
fo
r prosp
ect
iv
e m
e
d
i
cal stu
d
e
n
t
s and
can
affect
th
eir v
i
ew of th
e fu
ture do
ctors.
b
e
si
des i
t
al
so as a he
al
t
h
e
ducat
or i
s
e
xpe
ct
ed t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
gui
dance
re
ga
rdi
n
g
th
e tru
e
p
o
sitiv
e ou
tlo
ok in
ob
ese
p
a
tien
t
s an
d ov
erwei
g
h
t
[30
]
. B
u
t in
t
h
e serv
ice, t
h
e
do
ctor
will d
e
term
in
e
th
e i
m
ag
e o
f
t
h
e p
a
tien
t
's p
e
rcep
tion
o
f
the q
u
a
lity o
f
li
fe of h
ealth
wo
rk
ers m
a
in
ly
d
o
c
t
o
rs. Th
e health
worker is
expe
cted a
b
le to provi
de a
d
vice a
n
d act as
an ex
am
p
l
e to
th
e
p
a
tien
t
b
y
runn
ing
h
ealth
y liv
ing
,
pr
o
v
i
d
e heal
t
h
pr
om
ot
i
on
a
n
d
di
sease pre
v
e
n
t
i
on [
2
]
.
3.
7.
Stud
y Limitations
Th
er
e ar
e so
m
e
li
mitat
i
o
n
s
in
th
e an
alysis o
f
th
is stud
y.
Fir
s
t, th
e study w
a
s a d
e
scr
i
p
tiv
e th
at can
o
n
l
y illu
strate
th
e answers
o
f
th
e
qu
estio
n giv
e
n
t
o
t
h
e su
bj
ect. Th
e
stud
y do
es
no
t ev
al
u
a
te th
e relation
s
hi
p
bet
w
ee
n
vari
a
b
l
e
s. Seco
n
d
,
p
o
o
r l
e
vel
o
f
part
i
c
i
p
at
i
on
fr
om
t
h
e st
u
d
ent
s
ab
out
t
h
e i
m
port
a
nce
of t
h
e re
s
earch
co
ndu
cted
, t
h
u
s
, it d
o
e
s no
t p
o
rtray th
e to
tal o
f
stu
d
en
ts in
th
e Facu
lty o
f
Med
i
cin
e
Un
iv
ersity o
f
Tan
j
u
n
g
p
u
ra
.
Thi
r
d, t
h
e a
n
s
w
er
bi
as of t
h
e
perce
p
t
i
o
n
,
vi
ew, rat
e
a
nd e
x
pect
at
i
ons
of t
h
e i
d
eal
b
ody
i
m
age of
each individua
l
is not asses
s
ed but expec
t
ed to re
m
a
in objective
res
u
lts gi
ve
n in
accorda
n
ce wi
th the
sci
e
nt
i
f
i
c
basi
s
of
heal
t
h
w
h
i
c
h i
s
ow
ne
d by
t
h
e st
u
d
en
ts. Fo
urth, th
e i
n
fl
uen
ce
o
f
resp
onse to
th
erap
y an
d th
e
workers
who requi
re the i
d
ea
l body im
age can
be affect
ed
b
y
th
e lo
catio
n o
f
edu
cation
a
l b
a
ck
gr
oun
d,
var
i
ou
s
t
y
pes o
f
d
o
ct
o
r
s
wh
o'
ve see
n
by
st
ude
nt
s
a
n
d
l
ack
o
f
e
xperience i
n
s
o
ci
ety that affe
ct
the
perce
p
tion
of the
i
d
eal
b
ody
i
m
age. Lat
e
st
, t
h
e
sho
r
t
a
ge
s w
h
i
c
h are e
x
pect
ed
t
o
occ
u
r i
n
t
h
i
s
researc
h
c
o
ul
d be
m
i
nim
i
zed by
t
h
e s
h
ar
p a
n
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
di
scus
s
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
res
u
l
t
s.
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Th
is stu
d
y
g
i
ves an
o
v
e
rv
iew th
at b
o
d
y
imag
e to
d
o
c
tor is i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
will affect th
e treat
m
e
n
t
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
th
e
do
ctor.
Th
e do
cto
r
’s id
eal
body i
m
ag
e is who
h
a
s
a
n
o
rm
al
nu
tritio
n
a
l
statu
s
, and
do
cto
r
s who
work in
health
education a
r
e e
xpecte
d
to ha
ve an i
d
eal
body im
age as a rol
e
m
odel of
hea
lth. Further
res
earc
h
i
s
neede
d
t
o
ge
t
t
h
e pe
rcept
i
o
n f
r
om
pu
bl
i
c
and
co
n
d
u
c
t anth
ro
po
m
e
tric e
x
am
in
atio
n
th
e d
o
c
t
o
r
co
m
p
ared
to
t
h
e pe
rce
p
t
i
o
n
and
t
r
eat
m
e
nt
out
c
o
m
e
of
ob
esi
t
y
/
over
w
ei
ght
gi
ve
n
by
t
h
e d
o
ct
o
r
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Th
is wo
rk
has b
een
sup
por
ted b
y
Med
i
cal Sch
o
o
l
Tanju
ngpu
r
a
U
n
i
v
er
sity.
W
e
also
th
an
k to
m
e
d
i
cal
stude
nt c
o
u
n
cil, IM
KU
,
HM
F
and
H
I
M
I
KA
WA
,
fo
r thei
r s
u
p
p
o
rte
d
in
col
l
ecting d
a
ta.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Roberts, ML.
,
Z
onfrillo
, MR., Y
u
, S., Dz
iura, JD
., Spiro,
DM.
,
“
O
verweight ph
ysicans during re
sidenc
y: A cross
-
section
a
l and lon
g
itudina
l
stud
y”
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Journal o
f
Gratitude M
e
dica
l
Ed
ucation
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, pp
. 405-
11, 2013
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[2]
Skall, L., Peng
pid, S., “Obesity
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ealth pr
oblem
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e
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e
c
a
r
e
of
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s
e
lves
?”,
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bbate, C
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i
o
r
gianni
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unao, F
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a
t
o
, G
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’
A
rrigo
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aroli, R.,
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[4]
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unez, N
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c
hoa, V
U
., S
o
l
a
r
e
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N
J
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o
lar
e
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CJ
., Carden
as
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M
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,
A
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eig
h
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i
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eco
l Obs
t
et M
e
x
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6, 2005
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[5]
Heinberg, L., W
ood, KC.,
Thompson, K
., “Bod
y Image. In: Rink
ert, V
a
ughn.
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olescen
t nutritio
n assasment and
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h
ap
mann & Hall: New York, pp.
136-156, 1995
.
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Gila, A., Castro
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a
la
mero, M., “Subjective bod
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mal f
e
male population
:
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.
[7]
McArthur, L
.,
Ross, J., “
A
ttitu
des of register
e
d
dieti
tians
tow
a
rd personal ov
erweight
and ov
erweight
cli
e
nts
”
,
Journal of The
American
Die
t
e
tic
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010.
BIOGRAP
HI
ES
OF AUTH
ORS
Agustina Arundina Tr
iharja
Tejo
y
u
wono is
a r
e
gi
stered d
i
etitian
and has earned
h
e
r Masters
degree in pub
lic health
majoring nutrition fro
m Ga
dj
a
h
ma
da Uni
v
e
r
si
ty
, Ind
onesia. Her
professional car
eer focused on
nutrition
a
l se
r
v
ice and
therap
h
y
, public h
eal
t
h
services,
professionalism and ethics. She is the author
o
f
“persepsi mahasiswa program studi gizi
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PH
S I
S
SN
:
225
2-8
8
0
6
Medical Stude
n
ts
Perce
p
tion About
D
o
ctor
's
Body
Im
age
U
s
ing St
unk
ar
d .
... (
A
gustina Ar
undina
T.T
.
)
30
3
kesehatan terhadap citra tubuh
ahli gizi”, published in IJCN
at 2011. Cu
rrently
, she is a
lecturer
at Med
i
cal school of
Tanjungpur
a U
n
iversity
and s
h
e can b
e
reached through
ina.
tejo@gm
a
i
l
.
c
om
Muhammad Riedha is a register
ed Medical Doctor who gradua
ted from Faculty
of Medicine
Universitas Indo
nesia Int
e
rna
tion
a
l Cl
ass Progr
am. Riedha w
a
s joined in
a
y
o
u
t
h
movement
cal
led P
e
nce
r
ah
Nus
a
ntara laun
c
h
ed b
y
Th
e Office of P
r
es
ident’s
Envo
y
in M
DGs
and s
p
ent
a
ye
ar working
i
n
rural
are
a
c
a
ll
ed Kec
a
m
a
tan S
i
kakap
in Kabup
aten K
e
pulau
an
M
e
ntawai
,
West Sumatra.
Working in Mentawai n
eed
ed
b
r
oad knowledg
e of public health area,
thus
making him a public health ent
husiast. Recenty
,
he works as
a lec
t
urer
in
F
acult
y of
Medicin
e
Universitas Tan
j
ungp
ura in Pontiana
k, West Kalimantan as well as
Emergen
c
y
Team in
Tanjun
gpura University Hospital.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.